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Comparison between LTE and WiMAX based on System Level Simulation Using OPNET modeler (release 16)
Eng. Mohammed Torad, Dr. Ahmed EI Qassas, Prof Dr. Hadia Al Henawi
Ain Shams University, Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Cairo, Egypt Al Baha Private College of Science, Department of Computer Engineering, Al Baha, KSA Ain Shams University, Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Cairo, Egypt
ABSTRACT
In this paper a comparative study between LTE and WiMAX, the two leading wireless broadband technologies, is introduced. The performance metrics used for the evaluation are the response time and the throughput derived from OPNET modeler release 16 system level simulator. To perform the comparison 4 scenarios were developed the fIrst two are for 7 cell LTE and 7cell WiMAX networks while the second two are for 19 cell LTE and 19cell WiMAX networks. The numerical results are obtained for links between mobiles at fIxed relative positions in the four scenarios. Through this analysis we found that LTE networks gave shorter response time than WiMAX. The throughput is also compared and results showed that WiMAX outperformed LTE in this respect.
Keywords: LTE, WiMAX, system level simulation, OPNET, response time, and throughput.
I. INTRODUCTION
In recent few years telecommunication authorities are busy deciding how to emerge to 4G environment motivated by the exponential increase in the demand for advanced telecommunication services which require wider spectrum and higher quality of service. On the other hand, telecommunication industry experts are trying hard to standardize new mobile wireless systems that can cope with the desires and ambitions of telecommunication users and pave the way for evolving new technologies. New applications required to be supported by new mobile systems include a variety; VoIP, video conference, multimedia messaging, multiplayer games, virtual private networks (VPN), etc. [9] All these application require higher throughput, wider BW, smaller delay and innovative transmission methods that will give higher spectral efficiency and good quality. Two leading emerging technologies are: LTE (Long Term Evolution standardized by third generation partnership project (3GPP)) and WiMAX (the IEEE802.16e, the worldwide interoperability for microwave access) are considered able to fulfIl the 4G requirements announced by ITU-R which is known as international mobile telecommunications advanced (IMTS) [9]. During the standardization process of both technologies, computer simulations are necessary to test the validity of proposed algorithms and procedures and to help improving them. [1], [2], [8], [10], [12] Two classes of simulator are built and implemented. The fIrst is the link level simulation that is used to investigate physical layer issues such as multiple input multiple output (MIMO), adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), channel estimation and equalization, and channel modelling, [10], [12]. The second is the system level simulation which investigates networking performance such as scheduling, call admission control, mobility handling, interference management, and power control. [1], [2], [8] This separation into link level and system level simulation has a big benefIt as it reduces the computation complexity that will increase exponentially if the two types of simulation were merged together. As an example modeling of the fast fading behaviour of the wireless channel for each individual user requires high computational power and time. This computational effort is mandatory in link level simulation issues but if it is added in the system level the computational effort will be excessive [2] Therefore abstraction is used in the simulation in the sense that some issues are modeled and simulated off line and the results are included in the system level simulation run, as an assumption or constant values or it is not included in the simulation at all. This method will lead to system level simulation with valid performance results and low computational complexity [2] Our main job in this paper is to perform system level simulation of the two emerging technologies and compare between them. We use for this task the OPNET modeler releaseI6 [4]. We developed four scenarios the fIrst two are for 7- cell LTE and 7-cell WiMAX networks while the second two are for 19- cell LTE and 19cell WiMAX networks. The performance metrics that will be considered are: the response time and the throughput. The physical channel air interface effect is abstracted here (we assumed ideal channel or a pipeline air interface) for both systems; LTE and WiMAX. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 will include system description that will summarize the simulation scenarios for both LTE and WiMAX. Section 3 will describe the simulation platform of the two
systems (LTE and WiMAX) using OPNET modeler release 16.Section 4 will include the simulation results and analysis of results. Section 5 will conclude the paper.
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Service class (Gold, Silver or Bronze), efficiency mode (we choose framing module enabled which comprises MAC service flow with PHY abstracted), physical layer profile (SOFDMA configuration), Definition of service flows between base station and subscriber station, mobility configuration (allows the association of SS with BS) We choose service flow compatible with voice and video streaming. Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) is enabled for each service flow, it is configured at the SS parameters and it is copied by default to the corresponding base station configuration. The physical layer (channel) parameters like path loss, transmitter power, and multipath channel model can be configured, but for purposes of comparison with LTE network we abstracted the physical channel in both networks. The access service network gateway has advanced feature that can be configured like ARQ, HARQ, power saving mode and 802.11j (support the relay of WiMAX packets (data and control. Physical layer parameters are configured to be similar to those configured for LTE physical layer.
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Fig.7 Simulation results response time (probability density function PDF) For WIMAX 19 - cell scenario (3D)
It is worth mentioning here that the above mentioned readings come from random processes performed by the simulator. These readings may vary for each simulation run but we depicted the most probable values obtained from many simulation runs. The two standards for WiMAX; IEEE802.16-2004 and IEEE802.16e focused on the physical and MAC layers performance only while the new IEEE802.l 6m TG is focusing on the end- to - end performance improvement which includes the scope of the network and application indeed [17]. Many papers discussed how to improve the delay performance of WiMAX. The improvements include using new scheduling algorithms [17], using TCP acknowledge manager [16] or improving the service flow reservation! modification process by creating one auxiliary service flow in the WiMAX network [30] and others. These improvements deal with the real reasons of long response time of WiMAX Table 1 simulation results for the four scenarios (response time) LTE 7-cell Response time (m seconds) 77 72 42 88 53
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WiMAX 19-cell Response time (m seconds) 3406 2060 90 3600 90 1730 90 2243 5566
Regarding the reuse factor (7/19) cell, we cannot judge from the response time readings depicted in table 1 if the response time (delay) increases or decreases as the size of the network increases because the value of the reading depends not only on the size of the network but also on the instantaneous downlink / uplink available resources at the BS in terms of bandwidth (packets/second) at the interface between BS and ASN -GW at the time of sending or receiving the traffic [16]. Regarding the throughput results, Fig.8 shows the throughput for a sample of a set of links starting at workstation 3_2 during the simulation period for LTE 19-cell network. The average values for these curves are de icted in table 2.
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Fig.8 Simulation results throughput for LTE 19 - cell scenario (3D) Table 2 summarizes the results obtained from the simulation for the four scenarios. The results show that WiMAX has better results regarding throughput. It is worth mentioning here that an abstraction is made in this simulation. It considered in WiMAX simulation that there is no dropped traffic due to network effects like
congestion and negative acknowledgements. The results for simulated dropped traffic are zero all time which mean enhancement for the throughput result. For verification of these results we found that in [29] a similar Table 2 simulation results for the four scenarios (throughput) LTE 7 cell Throughput (packets/sec) 9.717 9.903 12.237 6.44 16.982 3.083
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LTE 19 cell Throughput (packets/sec) 6.401 17.839 6.031 2.65 4.316 2.545 7.571 6.141 4.89 5.184
WiMAX 7 cell Throughput (packets/sec) 43.667 42.425 41.557 43.380 42.607 43.818
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WiMAX 19 cell Throughput (packets/sec) 41.553 42.352 41.523 41.787 42.165 42.18 42.138 41.987 42.11 42.595
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comparison was made between UMTSIHSPA+ and WiMAX IEEE802.16e in throughput and coverage and the results were in favour of UMTS/HSPA+.
v. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper we presented a comparison between LTE and WiMAX networks; the two leading wireless broadband technologies. The metrics used for the comparison are response time and the throughput. We presented the standard models of the two systems in compliance with their respective standards, and then we discussed the methodologies adopted by OPNET modeler while building the simulation models of the two competing systems. Simulation results using OPNET modeler were presented; they showed that LTE always gave better performance regarding the delay or response time. We noted that this is a problem for WiMAX because its standards focused on the performance of the physical and MAC layers leaving aside the networking and application aspects as it without customization. We noted, also, that a large number of research papers dealt with this aspect. Regarding the throughput results, we showed that WiMAX outperformed LTE in this respect On the other hand, we noted that an earlier paper compared between UMTSIHSPA+ and W iMAX IEEE802.16e in throughput and coverage and the results were in favour of UMTSIHSPA+.
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