Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
XI-SN-limite Uzuale-Asimptote
XI-SN-limite Uzuale-Asimptote
𝑚(𝐵𝑂𝐶
𝐴𝐵
𝐼𝑛 Δ𝐴𝑂𝐵, 𝑚(𝐴̂) = 90° 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚: sin 𝑥 = ⇒ sin 𝑥 = 𝐴𝐵
𝑂𝐵
𝐸𝐶
̂ ) = 𝑥, 𝑡𝑔 𝑥 =
𝑚(𝐵𝐶 ⇒ 𝑡𝑔 𝑥 = 𝐸𝐶
𝑂𝐶
𝐷𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛, 𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎 𝑐𝑎 𝐴𝐵 ≤ 𝐵𝐶 ≤ 𝐸𝐶
1 1 1
sin 𝑥 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑡𝑔 𝑥, ∀𝑥 ∈ (0, ∞) ⇒ ≥ ≥
sin 𝑥 𝑥 𝑡𝑔 𝑥
1 1 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥
≥ ≥ | ∙ sin 𝑥 ⇒ 1 ≥ ≥ cos 𝑥 → cos 0 = 1
sin 𝑥 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑥
sin 𝑥
lim =1
𝑥→0 𝑥
sin 𝑥
𝑡𝑔 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = lim sin 𝑥 ∙ 1 = lim 1 = 1 = 1 = 1
lim = lim
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 ⏟ 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑥→0 cos 𝑥 cos 0 1
1
𝑡𝑔 𝑥 𝑡𝑔 𝑢(𝑥)
2) lim = 1; lim =1
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑢(𝑥)→0 𝑢(𝑥)
𝑥 𝑥
lim = lim = 1.
𝑥→0 sin 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑡𝑔 𝑥
1 𝑥 1
lim (1 + ) = 𝑒 ⇒ (𝑦 = ) ⇒
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 𝑥
1 1
3) lim (1 + 𝑦)𝑦 = 𝑒; lim (1 + 𝑢(𝑥))𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑒.
𝑦→0 𝑢(𝑥)→0
ln(1 + 𝑥) 1 1
lim = lim ∙ ln(1 + 𝑥) = lim ln(1 + 𝑥)𝑥 = ln 𝑒 = 1
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0
(𝑎 ± 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 ± 𝑏 3 ± 3𝑎𝑏(𝑎 ± 𝑏)
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖:
𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 8 1
𝑎) lim 𝑒) lim (𝑥 − 1)𝑥 2 −4𝑥+4
𝑥→−2 𝑡𝑔(𝑥 + 2) 𝑥→2
𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 8 1
𝑏) lim 𝑓) lim (𝑥 − 2)𝑥 2 −7𝑥+12
𝑥→2 sin(𝑥 − 2) 𝑥→3
𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1 1
𝑐) lim 𝑔) lim (𝑥 + 3)𝑥 2 +3𝑥+2
𝑥→1 sin(𝑥 − 1) 𝑥→−2
𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 1
𝑑) lim ℎ) lim (𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 10)𝑥 2 +8𝑥+15
𝑥→−1 sin(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥→−3
𝑥+2
1) 𝑓: ℝ − {±1} → ℝ, 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥2 − 1
𝑥 2 − 1 = 0 ⇔ 𝑥 = ±1
𝑥+2 1
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 2
= = +∞
𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1 𝑥 − 1 0
𝑥+2 1
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 2
= = +∞
𝑥→1 𝑥→1 𝑥 − 1 0
𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑖, 𝑥 = −1 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝐺𝑓 .
𝑥 = 0 − 𝑎𝑠. 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡. 𝑙𝑎 𝐺𝑓
Asimptote orizontale:
𝑥
1) 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 +1
𝑥
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim =0
𝑥→∞ 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 2 + 1
𝑥2
𝑓: ℝ → ℝ, 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+1
𝑥 = −1 − 𝑎𝑠. 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎.
𝑥2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim = +∞ ⇒ 𝐺𝑓 − 𝑛𝑢 𝑎𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑠. 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑎.
𝑥→∞ 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 + 1
𝑆𝑎 𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑧𝑒 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝐺𝑓 :
𝑥2 𝑥3
𝑎) 𝑓: ℝ − {0,3} → ℝ, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏) 𝑓: ℝ − {1,4} → ℝ, 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4
𝑆𝑜𝑙. 𝑎) 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 = 0 ⇔ 𝑥1 = 0, 𝑥2 = 3
𝑥2 𝑥
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim = lim = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 0 𝑛𝑢 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑠. 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝐺𝑓
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥 − 3
𝑥2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim = 1 ⇒ 𝑦 = 1 𝑎𝑠. 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝐺𝑓
𝑥→∞ 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥
𝑏) 𝐴𝑠. 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡: 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4 = 0 ⇔ 𝑥1 = 1, 𝑥2 = 4
𝑥3 13
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 2 = = +∞ ⇒ 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑎𝑠. 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝐺𝑓
𝑥→1 𝑥→1 𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 4 0
𝑥3
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim = +∞ ⇒ 𝑥 = 4 − 𝑎𝑠. 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝐺𝑓
𝑥→4 𝑥→4 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4
𝑥3 𝑥3
𝐴𝑠. 𝑜𝑟. : lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim = +∞; lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim = −∞
𝑥→∞ 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4 𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑥3 𝑥3
𝑚 = lim = lim = lim =1
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 𝑥→∞ 𝑥(𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4) 𝑥→∞ 3 5 4
𝑥 (1 − 𝑥 + 2 )
𝐴𝑠. 𝑜𝑏. : 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑛, 𝑥
𝑥3 5𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
𝑛 = lim (𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑚𝑥) = lim ( 2 − 𝑥) = lim 2 =5
{ 𝑥→∞ 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 4 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 4