How To Write a Case Study Analysis By Karen Schweitzer, About.

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See More About: case studies case study analysis mba classes Sponsored Links Case Study WritingReduce Time, Effort, Expense. Quick Turnaround Timewww.caramelmedia.in Logical DecisionsMake better choices with powerful decision analysis software.www.logicaldecisions.com Best practices dataChange management lessons learned from 575 organizationswww.change-management.com Business School Ads y Case Study y Business Marketing Plan y Marketing Strategies y MBA Business School y Marketing Strategy When writing a case study analysis, you must first have a good understanding of the case study. Before you begin the steps below, read the case carefully, taking notes all the while. It may be necessary to read the case several times to fully grasp the issues facing the company or industry. Once you are comfortable with the information, begin the step-by-step instructions offered below to write a case study analysis. Time Required: Varies Here's How: 1. Investigate and Analyze the Companys History and Growth. A companys past can greatly affect the present and future state of the organization. To begin your case study analysis, investigate the companys founding, critical incidents, structure, and growth. 2. Identify Strengths and Weaknesses Within the Company. Using the information you gathered in step one, continue your case study analysis by

examining and making a list of the value creation functions of the company. For example, the company may be weak in product development, but strong in marketing. 3. Gather Information on the External Environment. The third step in a case study analysis involves identifying opportunities and threats within the companys external environment. Special items to note include competition within the industry, bargaining powers, and the threat of substitute products. 4. Analyze Your Findings. Using the information in steps two and three, you will need to create an evaluation for this portion of your case study analysis. Compare the strengths and weaknesses within the company to the external threats and opportunities. Determine if the company is in a strong competitive position and decide if it can continue at its current pace successfully. 5. Identify Corporate Level Strategy. To identify a companys corporate level strategy for your case study analysis, you will need to identify and evaluate the companys mission, goals, and corporate strategy. Analyze the companys line of business and its subsidiaries and acquisitions. You will also want to debate the pros and cons of the company strategy. 6. Identify Business Level Strategy. Thus far, your case study analysis has identified the companys corporate level strategy. To perform a complete analysis, you will need to identify the companys business level strategy. (Note: if it is a single business, the corporate strategy and the business level strategy will be the same.) For this part of the case study analysis, you should identify and analyze each companys competitive strategy, marketing strategy, costs, and general focus. 7. Analyze Implementations. This portion of the case study analysis requires that you identify and analyze the structure and control systems that the company is using to implement its business strategies. Evaluate organizational change, levels of hierarchy, employee rewards, conflicts, and other issues that are important to the company you are analyzing. 8. Make Recommendations. The final part of your case study analysis should include your recommendations for the company. Every recommendation you make should be based on and supported by the context of your case study analysis.

Tips: 1. Know the case backwards and forwards before you begin your case study analysis. 2. Give yourself enough time to write the case study analysis. You don't want to rush through it. 3. Be honest in your evaluations. Don't let personal issues and opinions cloud your judgement. 4. Be analytical, not descriptive. 5. Proofread your work! What You Need:
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A case study Instructions from your professor Writing tools Quiet time

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The Coke Pepsi Rivalry

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Themes: Advertising and Promotion Period : 1997-2001 Organization : Coca Cola India Ltd/ Pepsi India Ltd Pub Date : 2001 Countries : India Industry : Food / Beverages and Tobacco

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Case Code : MKTG002 Case Length : 09 Pages Price: Rs. 300;

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ICMR regularly updates the list of free cases. To view more free cases, please visit our site at frequent intervals. Our real competition is water, tea, nimbupani and Pepsi... in that order." - Coke sources in 1996. "When you're No 2 and you're struggling, you have to be more innovative, work better, and be more resilient. If we became No 1, we would redefine the market so we became No 2! The fact is that our competition with the Coca-Cola company is the single most important reason we've accomplished what we have. And if they were honest, they would say the same thing." - Pepsi sources in 1998. "Both companies did not really concentrate on the fundamentals of marketing like building strong brand equity in the market, and thus had to resort to such tactics to garner market shares." - Business India in 1998.

The Coke Pepsi Rivalry: Pepsi Vs. Coke

The cola wars had become a part of global folklore something all of us took for granted. However, for the companies involved, it was a matter of 'fight or succumb.' Both print and electronic media served as battlefields, with the most bitter of the cola wars often seen in form of the comparative advertisements.

In the early 1970s, the US soft-drinks market was on the verge of maturity, and as the major players, Coke and Pepsi offered products that 'looked the same and tasted the same,' substantial market share growth seemed unlikely. However, Coke and Pepsi kept rejuvenating the market through product modifications and pricing/promotion/distribution tactics. As the competition was intense, the companies had to frequently implement strategic changes in order to gain competitive advantage. The only way to do this, apart from introducing cosmetic product innovations, was to fight it out in the marketplace. This modus operandi was followed in the Indian markets as well with Coke and Pepsi resorting to more innovative tactics to generate consumer interest. In essence, the companies were trying to increase the whole market pie, as the marketshares war seemed to get nowhere. This was because both the companies came out with contradictory market share figures as per surveys conducted by their respective agencies ORG (Coke) and IMRB (Pepsi). For instance, in August 2000, Pepsi claimed to have increased its market share for the first five months of calendar year 2000 to 49% from 47.3%, while Coke claimed to have increased its share in the market to 57%, in the same period, from 55%. Media reports claimed that the rivalry between Coke and Pepsi had ceased to generate sustained public interest, as it used to in the initial years of the cola brawls worldwide. They added that it was all just a lot of noise to hardsell a product that had no inherent merit.

Coke had entered the Indian soft drinks market way back in the 1970s. The company was the market leader till 1977, when it had to exit the country following policy changes regarding MNCs operating in India. Over the next few years, a host of local brands emerged such as Campa Cola, Thumps Up, Gold Spot and Limca etc. However, with the entry of Pepsi and Coke in the 1990s, almost the entire market went under their control. Making billions from selling carbonated/colored/sweetened water for over 100 years, Coke and Pepsi had emerged as truly global brands. Coke was born 11 years before Pepsi in 1887 and, a century later it still maintained its lead in the global cola market. Pepsi, having always been number two, kept trying harder and harder to beat Coke at its own game. In this never-ending duel, there was always a new battlefront opening up somewhere. In India the battle was more intense, as India was one of the very few areas where Pepsi was the leader in the cola segment. Coke re-entered India in 1993 and soon entered into a deal with Parle, which had a 60%

market share in the soft drinks segment with its brands Limca, Thums Up and Gold Spot. Following this, Coke turned into the absolute market leader overnight. The company also acquired Cadbury Schweppes' soft drink brands Crush, Canada Dry and Sport Cola in early 1999. Coke was mainly a franchisee-driven operation with the company supplying its soft drink concentrate to its bottlers around the world. Pepsi took the more capital-intensive route of owning and running its own bottling factories alongside those of its franchisees. Over half of Pepsi's sales were made by its own bottling units. Though Pepsi had a lead over Coke, having come in before the era of economic liberalization in India, it had to spend the early years fighting the bureaucracy and Parle's Ramesh Chuahan every step of the way. Pepsi targeted the youth and seemed to have struck a right chord with the market. Its performance was praiseworthy, while Coke had to struggle to a certain extent to get its act right. In a span of 7 years of its operations in the county, Coke changed its CEO four times. Media reports about the troubles faced by Coke and the corrective measures it adopted were aplenty.

I - BOTTLING Bottling was the biggest area of conflict between Pepsi and Coke. This was because, bottling operations held the key to distribution, an extremely important feature for soft-drink marketing. As the wars intensified, both companies took pains to maintain good relationships with bottlers, in order to avoid defections to the other camp. A major stumbling block for Coke was the conflict with its strategic bottling partner, Ramesh Chauhan of the Parle group of companies. Coke alleged that Chauhan had secretly manufactured Coke's concentrate. Chauhan, in turn, accused coke of backtracking on commitments to grant him bottling rights in Pune and Bangalore and threatened legal action. The matter almost reached the courts and the strategic alliance showed signs of coming apart. Industry observers commented that for a company like Coke that was so heavily franchisee driven, antagonizing its chief bottler was suicidal. While all this was going on, Pepsi wasted no time in moving in for the kill. It made huge inroads in the north, particularly in Delhi where Chauhan had the franchise and also snapped up the opportunity to buy up Coke's bottler Pinakin Shah in Gujarat. Ironically, the Gujarat Bottling Company owned by Shah, also belonged in part to Chauhan for whom the sell-out was a strategic counter-move in his battle with Coke. Coke moved court and obtained an order enforcing its bottler's agreement with the Gujarat company, effectively freezing Pepsi's right to use the acquired capacity for a year. Later, Coke made a settlement of $10 million in exchange for Chauhan foregoing bottling rights in Pune and Bangalore. Towards the end of 1997, bottling agreements between Coke and many of its bottlers were expiring. Coke began pressurizing its bottlers to sell out and threatened them that their

bottling agreements would not be renewed. Media reports claimed that Coke's bottlers were not averse to joining hands with Pepsi. They said they would rather offer their services to Pepsi than selling out to Coke and discontinuing a profitable business. In November 1997, Pepsi made a bid to gain from the feud between Coke and its franchised bottlers. It declared that it was ready to join hands with 'any disgruntled Coke bottler, provided the latter's operations enhanced Pepsi's market in areas where Coke was dominant.' Pepsi was even willing to shift to a franchisee-owned bottling system from its usual practice of focusing on company-owned bottling systems supplemented by a few franchisee-owned bottling companies, provided it found bottlers who would enhance both the quantity and quality, especially in areas where Coke had a substantial marketshare. Pepsi won over Goa Bottling Company, Coke's bottler in Goa and became the market leader in that city.

II - ADVERTISING When Coke re-entered India, it found Pepsi had already established itself in the soft drinks market. The global advertisement wars between the cola giants quickly spread to India as well. Internationally, Pepsi had always been seen as the more aggressive and offensive of the two, and its advertisements the world over were believed to be more popular than Coke's. It was rumored that at any given point of time, both the companies had their spies in the other camp. The advertising agencies of both the companies (Chaitra Leo Burnett for Coke and HTA for Pepsi) were also reported to have insiders in each other's offices who reported to their respective heads on a daily basis. Based on these inputs, the rival agency formulated its own plans. These hostilities kept the rivalry alive and healthy. However, the tussle took a serious turn at times with complaints to Advertising Standards Council of India, and threats of lawsuits. While Pepsi always relied on advertisements featuring films stars, pop stars and cricket players, Coke had initially decided to focus on Indian culture and jingles based on Indian classical music. These were also supported by coke advertisements that were popular in the West. Somehow, Coke's advertisements missed the Indian pulse by a wide margin. Pepsi soon came to be seen as a 'defender' who had humiliated the 'invader' with its superior creative strengths. When Coke bagged the official sponsorship rights to the 1997 Cricket World Cup, Pepsi created media history by unleashing one of the country's most successful advertisement campaigns - the 'Nothing Official About It' campaign . Pepsi took on Coke, even when the latter sponsored the replays of the matches, through the campaign, 'Uncork a Cola.' Media coverage of the war even hinted that the exclusion of Rahul Dravid (Pepsi's model) from the Indian team had something to do with the war. However, Coke had its revenge when it bagged the television sponsorship rights for the 1997 Pepsi Asia Cup. Consequently, Pepsi, in spite of having branded the event was not able to sponsor it. The severe damage caused by the 'Nothing Official About It' campaign prompted Coke to shift its advertising account from McCann Erickson to Chaitra Leo Burnett in 1997. The 'Eat-

Sleep-Drink' series of ads was born soon after. Pepsi responded with ads where cricket stars 'ate a bat' and 'slept on a batting pad' and 'drank only Pepsi.' To counter this, Coke released a print advertisement in March 1998, in which cricketers declared, 'Chalo Kha Liya!' Another Thums Up ad showed two apes copying Pepsi's Azhar and Ajay Jadeja, with the line, 'Don't be a bunder (monkey), Taste the thunder.' For once, it was Pepsi's turn to be at receiving end. A Pepsi official commented, "We're used to competitive advertising, but we don't make fun of the cricketers, just the ad." Though Pepsi decided against suing Coke, the ad vanished soon after the dissent was made public. Commenting on this, a Pepsi official said, "Pepsi is basically fun. It is irreverent and whacky. Our rival is serious and has a 'don't mess with me' attitude. We tend to get away with fun but they have not taken it nicely. They don't find it funny." Coke then launched one of its first offensive ads, ridiculing Pepsi's ads featuring a monkey. 'Oye! Don't be a bunder! Taste the Thunder', the ad for Thums Up, went with the line, 'issued in the interest of the present generation by Thums Up.' The 1998 Football World Cup was another event the cola majors fought over. Pepsi organized local or 'para' football matches in Calcutta and roped in Indian football celebrity Bhaichung Bhutia to endorse Pepsi. Pepsi claimed it was the first to start and popularize 'para' football at the local level. However, Coke claimed that it was the first and not Pepsi, to arrange such local games, which Coke referred to as 'pada.'

II - ADVERTISING Contd... While Pepsi advertisements claimed, 'More football, More Pepsi,' Coke utilized the line, 'Eat football, Sleep football, Drink only Coca-Cola,' later replaced by 'Live football, dream football and drink only Coca-Cola.' Media reports termed Pepsi's promos as a 'me-too' effort to cash in on the World Cup craze, while Coke's activities were deemed to be in line with its commitment and long-term association with the game. Coke's first offering in the lemon segment (not counting the acquired market leader brand Limca) came in the form of Sprite launched in early 1999. From the very beginning, Sprite went on the offensive with its tongue-in-cheek advertisements. The line 'Baki Sab Bakwas' (All the rest is nonsense) was clearly targeted at Pepsi's claims in its ads. The advertisement made fun of almost all the Pepsi and Mirinda advertisements launched during 1998. Pepsi termed this as Coke's folly, claiming it was giving Sprite a 'wrong positioning,' and that it was a case of an ant trying to fight a tiger. Sprite received an encouraging response in the market, aided by the high-decibel promotions and pop music concerts held across the country. But Pepsi was confident that 7 Up would hold its own and its ads featuring film stars would work wonders for Mirinda Lemon in the lemon segment. When Pepsi launched an advertisement featuring Sachin Tendulkar with a modified Hindi

movie song, 'Sachin Ala Re,' Coke responded with an advertisement with the song, 'Coke Ala Re.' Following this, Pepsi moved the Advertising Standards Council of India and the Advertising Agencies Association of India, alleging plagarisation of its 'Sachin Ala Re' creation by Coke's advertising agency, Chaitra Leo Burnett, in its 'Coke Ala Re' commercial. The rivals were always engaged in the race to sign the most popular Bollywood and cricket celebrities for their advertisements. More often than not, the companies pitched arch-rivals in their respective fields against each other in the cola wars as well. (Refer Table I) Table I Celebrity Endorsers * Indian film industry Cricket players Karisma Kapoor, Hrithik Robin Singh, Anil Roshan, Twinkle Khanna, Coke Kumble, Javgal Rambha, Daler Mehndi, Aamir Srinath. Khan, Aishwarya Rai. ** Aamir Khan, Aishwarya Rai**, Akshay Kumar, Azharuddin, Shahrukh Khan, Rani Sachin Tendulkar, Pepsi Mukherjee, Manisha Koirala, Rahul Dravid, Kajol, Mahima Chaudhary, Sourav Ganguly. Madhavan, Amrish Puri, Govinda, Amitabh Bachchan. * The list is not exhaustive. **Aamir and Aishwarya had switched from Pepsi to Coke. In October 2000, following Coke's 'Jo Chaaho Ho Jaaye' campaign, the brand's 'branded cutthrough mark, ' reached an all-time high of 69.5% as against Pepsi's 26.2%. In terms of stochastic share, Coke had a 3% lead over Pepsi with a 25.5% share. Pepsi retaliated with a campaign making fun of Coke's advertisements. The advertisement had a mixed response amongst the masses with fans of both the celebrities defending their idols. In May 2000, Coke threatened to sue Pepsi over the advertisements that ridiculed its own commercials. Amidst wide media coverage, Pepsi eventually stopped airing the controversial advertisement. In February 2001, Coke went on the offensive with the 'Grow up to the Thums Up Challenge' campaign. Pepsi immediately issued a legal notice on Coke for using the 'Yeh Dil Maange More' phrase used in the commercial. Coke officials, however, declined to comment on the issue and the advertisement continued to be aired.