LOGO

Effective Writing & Presentation for Thesis Research

Raheel Ahmed Memon

raheel@mju.ac.kr

Contents
1
2 3 4
Introduction

Original Abstract

Problems in Original Abstract

Improved Abstract

Review of New Abstract

www.wix.com/sindhu4sind/raheel

NAND Flash Memory

www.wix.com/sindhu4sind/raheel

Garbage Collection
A
Block X

A
Block X

B F D

C A D

D
Block X

A E C

B F D

C A D

D B

B F

C A

D B

E C

A
Block Y

B F D

C A D

D
Block Y

A E C

B F D

C A D

D
Block Y

A E C

B F D

C A D

D B

E C

www.wix.com/sindhu4sind/raheel

Wear Leveling

www.wix.com/sindhu4sind/raheel

AMI: AN ADVANCED ENDURANCE MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUE FOR FLASH MEMORY STORAGE SYSTEMS
Authors Sanam Shahla Rizvi and Tae-Sun Chung
School of Information and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Korea Published in
International Arab Journal of Information Technology, Vol. 8, No. 1, January 2011

www.wix.com/sindhu4sind/raheel

Original Abstract
Flash memory is small size, lightweight, shock-resistant, nonvolatile, and consumes little power. Flash memory therefore shows promise for use in storage devices for consumer electronics, mobile computers, wireless devices and embedded systems. However, flash memory cannot be overwritten unless erased in advance. Erase operations are slow that usually decrease system performance and consume power. The number of erase cycles is also limited, and a single worn-out block affects the usefulness of entire flash memory device. Therefore, for power conservation, better system performance and longer flash memory lifetime, system support for erasure management is necessary. In this paper, we propose a novel idea of system software for garbage collection and wear-leveling called Allocation of Memory Intellectually for NAND flash memories. Proposed scheme classifies data blocks intellectually according to their write access frequencies and improves the space utilization by allocating separate limited number of log blocks to both natures, hot and cold, of data blocks with proposed new system architecture. Our proposed cleaning scheme achieves a block to erase with optimal number of space utilization and minimum overhead of data migration. A hybrid wear-leveling approach is also proposed to evenly wear-down flash memory. Proposed scheme enhances the system life time by managing the blocks according to their degree of worn. We compared our proposed idea with two previous schemes. Our proposed idea improved system performance 95% for garbage collection and 36% for wear-leveling. The evaluation results prove that our proposed scheme, AMI, outperforms both previous schemes particularly with efficient flash bandwidth utilization and attempted erase operations.
www.wix.com/sindhu4sind/raheel

Problems in original Abstract

No proper Terminology No proper organization Redundancy Problem Ambiguity in sentences

www.wix.com/sindhu4sind/raheel

Improved Abstract
NAND Flash memory is rapidly deploying as data storage for mobile devices and embedded systems mainly because of its low electronic power, nonvolatile storage, high performance, physical stability, and portability. One technical challenge of flash memory is that prewritten data cannot be dynamically overwritten. Before overwriting existing data, a time-consuming erase operation on the used blocks must precede, which significantly degrades the overall write performance of flash memory. Also the numbers of erase operations are limited, and if the flash memory is not evenly erased, it will soon be worn out. So for better performance and prolong flash memory lifetime it is necessary to manage the erasure operation. We propose a novel idea of systems software architecture for garbage collection and wear-leveling called as AMI (Allocation of Memory Intellectually). AMI classifies data blocks intellectually according to their write access frequencies and improves the space utilization by classifying data blocks to hot and cold. Comparing two existing policies; greedy and dual-pool, our proposed scheme AMI improved performance; 95% for garbage collection and 36% for wear-leveling.

www.wix.com/sindhu4sind/raheel

Review of New Abstract

Proper Terminology Proper Organization No redundancy Problem Clear to understand Minimized number of Characters (254 to 175)

www.wix.com/sindhu4sind/raheel

10

Original vs Improved
Flash memory is small size, lightweight, shock-resistant, nonvolatile, and consumes little power. Flash memory therefore shows promise for use in storage devices for consumer electronics, mobile computers, wireless devices and embedded systems. However, flash memory cannot be overwritten unless erased in advance. Erase operations are slow that usually decrease system performance and consume power. The number of erase cycles is also limited, and a single worn-out block affects the usefulness of entire flash memory device. Therefore, for power conservation, better system performance and longer flash memory lifetime, system support for erasure management is necessary. In this paper, we propose a novel idea of system software for garbage collection and wear-leveling called Allocation of Memory Intellectually for NAND flash memories. Proposed scheme classifies data blocks intellectually according to their write access frequencies and improves the space utilization by allocating separate limited number of log blocks to both natures, hot and cold, of data blocks with proposed new system architecture. Our proposed cleaning scheme achieves a block to erase with optimal number of space utilization and minimum overhead of data migration. A hybrid wear-leveling approach is also proposed to evenly wear-down flash memory. Proposed scheme enhances the system life time by managing the blocks according to their degree of worn. We compared our proposed idea with two previous schemes. Our proposed idea improved system performance 95% for garbage collection and 36% for wear-leveling. The evaluation results prove that our proposed scheme, AMI, outperforms both previous schemes particularly with efficient flash bandwidth utilization and attempted erase operations.
www.wix.com/sindhu4sind/raheel

NAND Flash memory is rapidly deploying as data storage for mobile devices and embedded systems mainly because of its low electronic power, nonvolatile storage, high performance, physical stability, and portability. One technical challenge of flash memory is that prewritten data cannot be dynamically overwritten. Before overwriting existing data, a timeconsuming erase operation on the used blocks must precede, which significantly degrades the overall write performance of flash memory. Also the numbers of erase operations are limited, and if the flash memory is not evenly erased, it will soon be worn out. So for better performance and prolong flash memory lifetime it is necessary to manage the erasure operation. We propose a novel idea of systems software architecture for garbage collection and wear-leveling called as AMI (Allocation of Memory Intellectually). AMI classifies data blocks intellectually according to their write access frequencies and improves the space utilization by classifying data blocks to hot and cold. Comparing two existing policies; greedy and dualpool, our proposed scheme AMI improved performance; 95% for garbage collection and 36% for wear-leveling.

11

LOGO

www.wix.com/sindhu4sind/raheel

12