Psafdemo

PSAF (2.
60) for Windows

Tutorial
October 2000
 Copyright 2000 CYME INTERNATIONAL INC.
All Rights Reserved
This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form, by any method, for
any purpose.
CYME INTERNATIONAL INC. makes no warranty, either expressed or implied,

including but not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a
particular purpose, regarding these materials and makes such materials available solely on
an "as-is" basis.
In no event shall CYME INTERNATIONAL INC. be liable to anyone for special, collateral,
incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of purchase or use of
these materials. The sole and exclusive liability to CYME INTERNATIONAL, regardless
of the form of action, shall not exceed the purchase price of the materials described herein.
CYME INTERNATIONAL INC. reserves the right to revise and improve its products as it
sees fit. This publication describes the state of this product at the time of its publication,
and may not reflect the product at all times in the future.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement.
CYME INTERNATIONAL INC.

3 Burlington Woods, 4th Floor
Burlington, MA 01803-0269
1-800-361-3627 (781) 229-0269
Fax: (781) 229-2336
International and Canada:

1485 Roberval, Suite 104
St. Bruno QC J3V 3P8
Canada
(450) 461-3655
Fax: (450) 461-0966
Internet : http://www.cyme.com
E-mail : support@cyme.com
IBM and PC-DOS are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. MS-DOS and Windows are
registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Windows 95 and Windows NT are trademark of Microsoft. Autocad is a
trademark of Autodesk Inc.
PSAF for Windows - Tutorial
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 1
 Purpose of this Tutorial Manual 1
 Introduction 1
 Format of Each Study 2
 One-line diagram of the Network 3
CHAPTER 2 5
 Network Database Preparation 5
 Introduction 5
 How to create the Database for the (9) Bus Network 6
 Transmission Line Database 8
 Transmission Line Tower Layout 8
 Conductor Data 9
 Transmission Line Data Entry in PSAF 9
 Transformer Database 12
 Transformer Name-Plate Data 12
 Transformer Data Entry in PSAF 12
 Generator Database 14
 Generator Name-Plate Data 14
 Generator Control Settings 14
 Generator Data Entry in PSAF 14
 Generator Transient Stability Data Entry in PSAF 16
 Additional Network Data 21
 Bus Data 21
 Line Data 22
 Transformer Data 22
 Static Load Data 22
CHAPTER 3 23
 Graphic User Interface 23
 Introduction 23
 Typical Mouse Commands 24
 Pan 24
 Zoom 25
 Select equipment 26
 Cancel a graphic command 26
 Creation of the Nine Bus Training Network 27
 Graphic User Interface 27
 Bus Data Entry 29
 Generator Connection and Data Entry 32
 Transformer Connection and Data Entry 33
 Line Connection and Data Entry 35
 Static Load Connection and Data Entry 37
 One - Line Diagram of the (9) bus Training Network 38
 Saving The (9) Bus Training Network 38
 Useful GUI Hints 39
CHAPTER 4 43
 PSAF - FLOW, Power Flow Analysis 43
PSAF TUTORIAL - TABLE OF CONTENTS

 Introduction 43
 Power Flow Analysis Engine Selection 44
 Power Flow Study Dialog 45
 Title Tab 45
 Load Flow Parameters Tab 46
 Report Options Tab 47
 Distributed Swing Dialog 48
 Area Interchange 49
 Solving the Power Flow 50
 Power Flow Solution 51
 Power Flow Solution Units 52
 Power Flow Reports 53
 Bus report 53
 Line report 54
 Generator report 54
 Power Flow Export of Results 55
 Bus Report with MS Excel 55
 Line Report with MS Excel 55
 Power Flow Input Data Reports 56
 Load Input Data Report 57
 Fixed Tap Transformer Input Data Report 57
CHAPTER 5 59
 PSAF – MOTORSTART, Motor Starting Analysis 59
 Introduction 59
 Induction Motor Database 60
 Induction Motor Name-Plate Data 60
 Equivalent Circuit Parameters 60
 Induction Motor Mechanical Load Data 60
 Induction Motor Data Entry in PSAF 61
 Motor Starting Analysis Engine Selection 66
 Motor Starting Analysis Study Dialog 67
 Title Tab 67
 Motor Starting Parameters Tab 68
 Starting the motor 69
 CYMVIEW, Plotting of Results 70
 Motor Starting Solution 72
 Motor Starting Reports 73
CHAPTER 6 75
 PSAF – FAULT, Fault Analysis 75
 Introduction 75
 Fault Analysis Engine Selection 76
 Fault Analysis Study Dialog 77
 Title Tab 77
 Fault Analysis Parameters Tab 78
 ANSI Conformable Parameters Tab 79
 NON-ANSI Conformable Parameters Tab 80
 NON-ANSI Shunt Faults On All buses. 81
 Solving the Short Circuit 81

 Short Circuit Solution 82

 Short Circuit Solution Units 83
 Short Circuit Summary Bus Report 84
 NON-ANSI Shunt Fault at a Selected Bus. 85
 Solving the Short Circuit 85
 Short Circuit Solution 85
 Short Circuit Solution Units 86
 Short Circuit Report for the selected bus (B7-SEVEN) 88
 ANSI Shunt Fault at a Selected Bus 89
CHAPTER 7 91
 PSAF – STAB, Transient Stability Analysis 91
 Introduction 91
 Generator Controller Data 92
 Controller Types 92
 Exciter Data 92
 Prime Mover Data 93
 Registering a UDM file in PSAF-STAB 96
 Generator Controller Data Entry In PSAF-STAB 98
 Generator and Controller Dynamic Model Selection 98
 Turbine Model Selection and Data Entry 101
 Transient Stability Analysis Engine Selection 102
 Transient Stability Analysis Study Dialog 103
 Title Tab 103
 Files Tab 104
 Settings Tab 104
 Global Load Tab 105
 Load / Zone Tab 105
 Frequency / Zone Tab 106
 Global Selection Tab 107
 Generic UDM Tab 107
 Events Tab 108
 Monitoring Tab 109
 Tabular Report Tab 110
 Save the Transient Stability Study 111
 Transient Stability Analysis - Fault at Bus B5-FIVE 112
 Solving the Transient Stability 112
 CYMVIEW, Plotting of Results 114
 Transient Stability Analysis – Disconnect GEN-3 117
 Modifying the Study Parameters 117
 Solving the Transient Stability and Plot of Results 119
 Transient Stability Analysis – Motor Starting 119
 Induction Motor Dynamic Model 120
 Solving the Power Flow 122
 Modifying the Study Parameters 123
 Save The Transient Stability Study 126
 Solving the Transient Stability and Plot of Results 126
CHAPTER 8 129
 PSAF – HARMO, Harmonic Analysis 129
 Introduction 129

 Harmonic Equipment Selection Tool Box 131

 Industrial System Network Data 133
 Bus Data 134
 Cable Data 134
 Capacitor Data 135
 Load Data 135
 Transformer Data 135
 Harmonic Source Data 136
 Save the New Network 137
 Solving the Power Flow 138
 Harmonic Analysis Engine Selection 139
 Harmonic Analysis Study Dialog 140
 Title Tab 140
 Global Study Settings Tab 141
 Distortion Tab 142
 Capacitors Rating Tab 143
 Solving the Harmonic Analysis 144
 Impedance Calculation 144
 Voltage and Current Calculation 145
 CYMVIEW, Plotting of Results 146
 Harmonic Analysis Solution 149
 Harmonic Analysis Solution Units 150
 Harmonic Analysis Result Reports 151
 Harmonic Analysis with the Single Tuned Filter (ON) 153
 Modifying the Network 153
 Single Tuned Filter Data 154
 Solving the Harmonic Analysis 156
 CYMVIEW, Plotting of Results 156
 Harmonic Analysis Solution 158
 Alternative Method 159
CHAPTER 9 161
 PSAF-FAULT / CYMTCC, Interface 161
 Introduction 161
 Save the New Network 163
 Selection of Protective Devices 164
 Motor LVCB (CB-1) Selection 164
 Transformer Fuse (FU-1) Selection 168
 Cable Relay (RL-1) Selection 172
 PSAF-FAULT / CYMTCC Interface Engine Selection 176
 PSAF-FAULT / CYMTCC Interface Study Dialog 177
 Title Tab 177
 Parameters Tab 178
 Re-Save the Study 179
 Solving the PSAF-FAULT / CYMTCC Interface Option 179
 Selection of the Feeder Coordination Path 179
 Interface to CYMTCC 180
 CYMTCC, Editing Device Settings 181
 Time/Current Curves Generated by CYMTCC 184

CHAPTER 1
Purpose of this Tutorial Manual
Introduction
This manual will allow the first-time user to advance through a complete power
system study using CYME's transmission analysis programs. It provides
information both on data requirements for the study and on the sequence of
program operations required to solve the problem. In going through the
examples, the user will become familiar with the key operations of the study.
This tutorial manual highlights the capabilities of the Power Systems Analysis
Framework (PSAF) series of software consisting of the following analysis
programs:
PSAF-FLOW, Load Flow

PSAF-MOTORSTART, Motor Starting
PSAF-FAULT, Short Circuit
PSAF-STAB, Transient Stability
PSAF-HARMO, Harmonic Analysis
PSAF-CYMTCC INTERFACE, Protective Device Interface
And the PSAF Companion Program
CYMVIEW, The Graphical Plot Program
Emphasis will be placed on program use, with many detailed examples; complete
sets of results will also be presented, as a final point of comparison for the user.
PSAF TUTORIAL - Chapter 1 1

Format of Each Study
Although the programs illustrated in this manual are quite varied, we adopt a
common format for their presentation. Each study begins with a short
presentation of the power system analysis function in question.
We then describe the CYME program which implements that function, showing
the main study and network dialog boxes and pointing out the basic input
options. Required input data quantities are listed, along with specific values for
the upcoming example.
The example then consists of a complete list step by step instructions, with brief
explanatory notes, guiding the user through the analysis process.
The choice of output, the display and the saving of results round out the
sequence of activities in the example. Since we wish to illustrate the solution
process rather than the solution itself, discussion of numerical results will be
limited.
2 PSAF TUTORIAL - Chapter 1

One-line diagram of the Network
A single basic network is used in all of these studies. It will be augmented during
the studies, to illustrate the modification and switching features of the programs.
Also, a small low-voltage radial network with a harmonic source will be grafted to
one of its buses for the harmonic study. Illustrations for the additions will be
provided in the pertinent chapters.
One-Line Diagram of Training Network


Chapter 2
Network Database Preparation
Introduction
The PSAF program includes a built in Database Manager Program to input the
data of the network components for all the analysis programs presented in this
manual. The main functions of this data base manager is that it offers greater
power and flexibility in:
1. Accepting nameplate quantities for most devices.

2. Maintaining data bases for system equipment.
3. Simplifying the construction of the network one-line diagram.
Basic equipment data is entered only once and is used by all the analysis
engines thus avoiding data entry repetition.

How to create the Database for the (9) Bus Network
PSAF version 2.60 (shown below) offers a re-designed graphic user interface,
custom tool bars, and new analytical features as compared to version 2.55.
Analysis Option Selection
Equipment selection toolbox.
One Line Diagram

Graphic Work Space
Graphic editor toolbox.
Message and Error Window

The first step is to build up the databases that describe the available equipment.
Once equipment has been defined in the database, you may insert multiple
copies of it in the network. Conveniently, you may edit the databases even while
editing the network one-line.
The network equipment can be selected from the tool bar shown below:
Network Elements
Available.
Harmonic Equipment
Selection Button.

Transmission Line Database
Transmission Line Tower Layout
All the 230KV lines in the network have the same geometrical tower
configuration as shown below.
Transmission Line Tower Layout

Conductor Data
The conductor data is detailed in the following table:
Conductor ID Resistance GMR Radius

ACSR 0.093 0.99024 1.2715
ST-375-NTRL 2.175 0.37094 0.4763
1) Conductor resistance is expressed in ohms/Km
2) GMR for a cylindrical conductor is computed as follows:
GMR = 0.7788 * radius (cm)
3) The length of each line will be entered when connecting the components
of the network.
Transmission Line Data Entry in PSAF
2
Click on the Icon to open the
database entry dialog box of the
Transmission Line.
1
Select the Transmission Line Icon on
the network equipment selection toolbox.

The main Line Database Dialog box will be displayed on screen. The first tab
“Line” is for the entry of basic information on the line such as kV Level,
Loading Limit and Impedance values. Once the data is defined it will be
available for all the Analysis modules of PSAF. The remaining tabs are for
specifying the specific line model to be used for Harmonic Analysis. The
default is always the “Nominal – PI” model to be consistent with the Power
Flow Model.
4
Enter the values of the Positive
and Zero Sequence parameters
or click on the compute button
to enter the phase and neutral
conductor geometrical layout.
3
Specify the desired units
NOTE: The limit in Amp’s is used by PSAF-FLOW to highlight in red on

the One-Line Diagram any overload Lines.

Once the compute button is activated the Line Impedance Calculation Dialog
box will be displayed on screen:
5
Select desired Units
6
Enter the Phase and
Neutral conductor data.
7
Enter the conductor geometrical
configuration as per the tower
layout.
8
Click on the compute button and the
calculated values of R1, X1, B1 and R0,
X0, B0 are automatically updated in the
line database dialog box.
NOTE: All calculation engines will use the above calculated line data and
no additional data entry is required

Transformer Database
Transformer Name-Plate Data
Transformer ID MVA FROM kV TO kV Z1 X1/R1 Z0 X0/R0

TR1-16.5-230 250 16.5 230 0.144 50 0.144 50
TR2-18.0-230 200 18.0 230 0.125 50 0.125 50
TR3-13.8-230 150 13.8 230 0.088 42 0.088 42
1) All impedance’s expressed in p.u. of nominal rating

2) All transformers are Fixed Tap
3) All transformer winding connections are -Yg
Transformer Data Entry in PSAF
2
database entry dialog box of the Fixed
Tap Transformer.
1
Select the Fixed Tap Transformer Icon on
the network equipment selection toolbox.

The Fixed Tap Transformer Database Dialog box will be displayed on screen.
The name plate data, winding connection, grounding impedance and loading limit
for each transformer can then be entered in their respective fields. The data entry
for transformer TR1-16.5-230 is illustrated. The data for the other two
transformers will be entered in a similar manner.
3
Enter the name plate data as per the table below
MVA FROM kV TO kV Z1 X1/R1 Z0 X0/R0

250 16.5 230 0.144 50 0.144 50
MVA
FROM kV
TO kV
Z1
Z0
4
Select the Transformer
X1/R1 Primary and Secondary
Winding connections by
X0/R0
clicking on the symbol.
TAP SETTING
5
Enter the grounding impedance
values, if any, for transformers
with Yg windings.
NOTE: The MVA loading limit is used by PSAF-FLOW to highlight in red

on the One-Line Diagram any overloaded transformers.

Generator Database
Generator Name-Plate Data
Gen # KV MVA Xd R'd X'd R"d X"d R0 X0

GEN 1 16.5 247.5 0.36135 0.00733 0.15048 0.00467 0.09 0.0 0.15
GEN 2 18.0 192.0 1.72000 0.00333 0.23000 0.00200 0.15 0.0 0.15
GEN 3 13.8 128.0 1.57500 0.00333 0.21750 0.00200 0.15 0.0 0.15
1) All impedance’s expressed in p.u. of nominal rating

2) All Generator connections are Yg.
Generator Control Settings
Gen # Type Control Voltage P Gen. Q Max Q Min

GEN 1 SW 17.160 kV Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable
GEN 2 PV 18.450 KV 163 MW 101.14 MVAR -101.14 MVAR
GEN 3 PV 14.145 KV 85 MW 67.43 MVAR -67.43 MVAR
1) All Generators are controlling the voltage of their respective buses.

2) SW = Swing Generator, PV = Voltage Controlled Generator
Generator Data Entry in PSAF
2
database entry dialog box of the
Generator.
1
Select the Generator Icon on
the network equipment selection
toolbox.

The Main Generator Database Dialog box will be displayed on screen. The first
tab is to enter the name plate data, MVAR limits, winding connection, power
factor, and grounding impedance of each generator in their respective fields.
These values will be available for PSAF-FLOW, PSAF-FAULT, PSAF-
MOTORSTART, and PSAF-HARMO.
The next tab is for entering additional data required for the transient stability
module PSAF-STAB. (This will be detailed in the next section). The data entry for
generator GEN-2 is illustrated.
3
Enter data as shown in the tables below
kV MVA Rd Xd R'd X'd R"d X"d R0 X0

18.0 192.0 0.0 1.72000 0.00333 0.23000 0.00200 0.15 0.0 0.15
P Gen. Q Max Q Min

163 MW 101.14 MVAR -101.14 MVAR
P (MW) GENERATION
KV
MVA QMAX
QMIN
R"d
X"d
4
R'd R0 Select the Generator
Winding connection by
X'd X0 clicking on the symbol.
Rd
Xd
5
Enter the grounding
impedance values for
Yg Generators.
The data for the remaining two generators can be entered in a similar manner.

Generator Transient Stability Data Entry in PSAF
In addition to the nameplate data and depending on the generator type all or part
of the following data is required for transient stability analysis:
 Xd and Xq are the synchronous reactances in the direct and quadrature axes.
 Xd is defined in the main Generator tab and is displayed here for
information only.
 Xp is the Potier reactance.
 X’d and X’q are the transient reactance’s in the direct and quadrature axes.
 X’d is defined in the main Generator tab and is displayed here for
information only.
 X”d and X”q are the subtransient reactances in the direct and quadrature
axes.
 X”d is defined in the main Generator tab and is displayed here for
information only.
 T’do and T’qo are the transient direct-axis and quadrature-axis open-circuit
time constants. They are expressed in seconds.
 T”do and T”qo are the subtransient direct-axis and quadrature-axis open-
circuit time constants. They are expressed in seconds.
 H is the inertia constant, expressed in seconds (MW-sec/MVA or MJ/MVA). H
must include the inertias of both the generator and its prime mover (or the
inertia’s of the motor and its load). For a realistic machine, typically 1  H  9.

 KD is the damping factor. It offers a way of introducing damping torque, which

is proportional to speed. A value of 1 to 3 p.u. Is sometimes used to represent
damping due to turbine windage and load effects. However, if KD  0, and the
speed of the machine falls below its initial speed, then the active electrical
power of the machine will appear to be higher than the input mechanical
power from the prime mover.
Diagram of the Swing Equation
 EU and EL are two values of per-unit terminal voltage found on the open-
circuit saturation curve for the synchronous machine. Typically, EU = 1.2 p.u.
and EL = 1.0 p.u. (See diagram below)
 SGU and SGL are saturation coefficients defined in the figure below.
Open-circuit Saturation curve

All reactances are unsaturated values, expressed on the machine MVA and
voltage.
The first step is to select the generator type from the library. Currently PSAF-
STAB supports five types of generator models.
In the Nine bus-training network the Swing (SW) Generator GEN-1 is considered
to be the Simplified Model Type 1 and both voltage controlled (PV) Generators
are Round-Rotor Type 4. The block diagram for both types is shown below.
Type 1 Synchronous Machine Model

This model requires only X’d, H and KD
.
Block Diagram of Type 4 Synchronous Machine Model

This model requires H, KD, Xd, Xq, Xp, X’d, X’q,T’do and T’qo.

Generator GEN-1 Simplified Type 1 Model Data Entry:
Click on the transient stability tab of GEN-1 data entry dialog and the following
dialog box will be displayed on screen.
1
Select the generator type by clicking on the corresponding
radio button (1 for this generator). This feature allows you
to see which data are required for each of the model
types. All data not required or already entered in the main
tab will be grayed out.
Hint: Click on the “View

Diag.” button above to
view the Block Diagram
Required data of the Generator model.
entered in the
main tab.
2
Enter the following data as per the table below
H KD
9.5515 2.0
Note: Only these two values are required to be
Entered in this dialog box.

Generator GEN-2 Round Rotor Type 4 Model Data Entry:
Click on the transient stability tab of GEN-2 data entry dialog and the following
dialog box will be displayed on screen.
1
Select the generator type by clicking on the corresponding
radio button (4 for this generator). This feature allows you
to see which data are required for each of the model
types. All data not required or already entered in the main
tab will be grayed out.

Data
required
entered in of the Generator model.
The main
tab.
2
Enter the following data in their respective fields as per the table below
H KD Xp Xq X'q T’do T’qo

3.3333 2 0.1 1.659 0.378 6.0 0.535
Note : Saturation is neglected SGU, SGL, EU, & EL are all set to zero.


Repeat the previous procedure for GEN –3 but with the following data:
Enter the following data in their respective fields as per the table below
H KD Xp Xq X'q T’do T’qo

2.35 2 0.089 1.51 0.30 5.89 0.6
Note: Saturation is neglected SGU, SGL, EU, & EL are all set to zero.

Additional Network Data

In addition to the 230 kV Line, Transformer and Generator database created the
following network and connectivity data for Buses, Static Loads, Lines and
Transformers is required.
Bus Data
BUS ID BASE kV OPERATING kV

B1-ONE 16.5 * 17.160
B2-TWO 18.0 * 18.450
B3-THREE 13.8 * 14.145
B4-FOUR 230.0 230.0
B5-FIVE 230.0 230.0
B6-SIX 230.0 230.0
B7-SEVEN 230.0 230.0
B8-EIGHT 230.0 230.0
B9-NINE 230.0 230.0
Notes:
1) The (*) indicates that a generator is connected to the bus.
2) The Generator Desired Bus Control Voltages are entered in the Operating
Voltage Field of the desired bus dialog box.
3) Swing Generator GEN-1 is connected to bus B1-ONE

Voltage Controlled GEN-2 is connected to bus B2-TWO
Voltage Controlled GEN-3 is connected to bus B3-THREE

Line Data
LINE ID FROM BUS TO BUS LENGTH IN KM

4-5 B4-FOUR B5-FIVE 58.0
4-6 B4-FOUR B6-SIX 100.0
6-9 B6-SIX B9-NINE 220.0
5-7 B5-FIVE B7-SEVEN 182.0
7-8 B7-SEVEN B8-EIGHT 50.0
8-9 B8-EIGHT B9-NINE 68.0
Transformer Data
TRANSFORMER ID FROM BUS TO BUS TAP POSITION IN%

TR1-16.5-230 B1-ONE B4-FOUR 100
TR2-18.0-230 B2-TWO B7-SEVEN 100
TR3-13.8-230 B6-THREE B9-NINE 100
Static Load Data
LOAD ID TO BUS MW MVAR

5 B5-FIVE 120 50
6 B6-SIX 90 30
8 B8-EIGHT 100 35
Note:
1) All Loads are considered to be Constant Power (NP= NQ=0)
The additional network data are considered to be network related data and can
be entered during the creation of the network One-Line-Diagram as will be
illustrated in Chapter 3.

Chapter 3
Graphic User Interface
Introduction
The PSAF program includes a built in Graphic User Interface to connect the
network components and build the corresponding One – Line Diagram. The GUI
toolbox is shown below.
Select User or Auto drawing mode Pointer (Cancel the Graphic edit in progress)
Help Rearrange one-line with selected bus on top
Lengthen selected bus Shorten selected bus
Orthogonal mode Rotate Selected Bus
Show power flow and voltage control Disable / enable equipment
Move bus or label Disconnect / reconnect equipment
Add new equipment Copy selected equipment
Delete equipment Undelete equipment
Show equipment dialog box Show / hide labels
Toggle grid Snap to grid

Typical Mouse Commands

The following are illustrations of some of the mouse commands available in the
GUI of PSAF.
Pan
This Function will move the Drawing as though you had pulled it with the mouse.
1
Click the Right Mouse
button once and hold
it down.
2
 Move the Mouse and release the
button
 The drawing will be pulled down

towards the direction of the mouse
movement.

Zoom
This function magnifies the view of an area so that it fills the window.
1
 Move the Mouse to place the cursor at one corner of the
desired area.
 Double-Click the Right Mouse Button and hold it down.
2
 Move the Mouse so that the outline box surrounds the
desired area.
 Release the button.
 The desired portion of the OLD will be displayed on

screen
Hint: Three Zoom buttons on the

main tool bar are also available:
Z+ Z- Zoom to fit

Select equipment
2
Double – Click the Right
Mouse button anywhere in the
Network Window and the
corresponding dialog box will
be displayed on screen. 1
 Click the Left Mouse
button once on its symbol
in the One-line.
 The selected symbol will

be outlined in color.
Cancel a graphic command
To cancel an editing activity which is in progress, click on the CANCEL icon.
You may also press the “Escape” key.
Activities, which may be canceled, are reconnect, New, Move, Copy, and
Undelete.

Creation of the Nine Bus Training Network
Graphic User Interface
The user topology GUI interface and network data entry of PSAF will only be
illustrated for the following equipment as indicated below:
Bus B2-TWO, B7-SEVEN, & B8-EIGHT
Bus Base kV Operating kV

B2-TWO 18.0 * 18.450
B7-SEVEN 230.0 230.0
B8-EIGHT 230.0 230.0
Generator ID GEN-2 Load ID 8
Gen ID Type Database ID Control kV P Gen. To Bus Mw Mvar

GEN-2 PV GEN-0002 18.450 kV 163 MW B8-EIGHT 100 35
Transformer ID TR2-18-230 Line ID 7_ 8
From Bus To Bus Tap (%) From Bus To Bus Length (Km)
B2-TWO B7-SEVEN 100 B7-SEVEN B8-EIGHT 50.0

1
 Click on the “New Study” option of the File menu of the main
tool bar.
 The following “Loading Network Data” dialog box will be

displayed on screen.
 Select the Show one-line diagram by clicking on the

corresponding radio button followed by the “OK” button. The
New Study Dialog box will be displayed on screen as shown
below.
2
 Click on the radio button …creating a new network.
 Click on OK button to display the “New Network” Dialog box shown below.
 Click on OK button to display the OLD creation workspace.

Bus Data Entry
The program will display the default bus to begin the creation of the network
One-Line Diagram
1
 Click on the rotate button to turn the bus symbol by 90
 Select the base rotation point by left clicking and holding the
mouse button and rotate the mouse in the desired direction.
Base rotation point
Rotation Direction
Hint: Both Equipment Selection

and Graphic Editor tool boxes
can be docked or “float” around
on the screen.

2
 Click the Left Mouse button once on the bus symbol.
 The selected symbol will be outlined in color.
 Double – Click the Right Mouse button anywhere in the

Network Window and the corresponding bus dialog box
will be displayed on screen as shown below.
3
Enter bus B2-TWO
Bus ID
Base kV = 18
Operating kV = 18.45
Min. Volt. 0.90 P.U.
Max. Volt. 1.10 P.U.

4
Select the “Snap to Grid” from the Views menu
of the main tool bar to facilitate the drawing of
the OLD.
5
 Select bus B2-TWO
 Click on the copy Icon of the GUI edit toolbox.
 Hold down the left mouse button, drag the mouse to

position the new bus to the desired location and release
the mouse button.
 The new bus “Dialog Box” will be automatically displayed

on screen to enter the data of bus B7-SEVEN.

B7-SEVEN 230.0 230.0
X Positioning Axes
Y Positioning Axes
6
Repeat steps (4) and (5) for bus B8-EIGHT.

B8-EIGHT 230.0 230.0

Generator Connection and Data Entry
1
 Click on the generator Icon of the equipment selection
toolbox, hold down the left mouse button and drag the
generator symbol to the OLD workspace.
 Rotate the generator by 90 with the arrow keys of your

keyboard.
 Slide the cursor over the bus (B2-TWO) symbol until the
cursor becomes thicker and brighter.
 Release the mouse button to complete the connection of

the generator to the desired bus. The generator dialog
box will automatically be displayed on screen.
2
Enter generator GEN-2, Database ID,
Type, and P Gen (163 Mw) in their
respective fields.
Hint: Click on the ()

symbol to select the
type, desired controlled
bus and Generator
Database ID.

Transformer Connection and Data Entry
Example when the cursor

becomes thicker and
brighter to indicate proper
connection to the bus.
1
 Click on the fixed tap transformer Icon of the equipment
selection toolbox, hold down the left mouse button and
drag the transformer symbol to the OLD workspace.
 Rotate the transformer connection point by 90 with the

arrow keys of your keyboard or by clicking on the rotate
of the GUI edit toolbox. (Equipment are connected at

90 with a bus)
 Slide the cursor over the bus (B2-TWO) symbol until the

the primary side of the transformer.
 Hold down the left mouse button and slide the cursor over
the bus (B7-SEVEN) symbol until the cursor becomes
thicker and brighter.

the secondary side of the transformer. The transformer
dialog box will automatically be displayed on screen.

2
Select transformer TR2-18-230
database ID (FIT-0002) by clicking
on the symbol.
3
Enter the transformer tap in %.

Line Connection and Data Entry
1
 Click on the line Icon of the equipment selection toolbox,
hold down the left mouse button and drag the line symbol
to the OLD workspace.
 Rotate the line connection point by 90 with the arrow
keys of your keyboard or by clicking on the rotate of

the GUI edit toolbox. (Equipment are connected at 90
with a bus)
 Slide the cursor over the bus (B7-SEVEN) symbol until

the cursor becomes thicker and brighter.

the From-Side of the line.
 Hold down the mouse button and slide the cursor over the
bus (B8-EIGHT) symbol until the cursor becomes thicker
and brighter.

the To-Side of the line. The line dialog box will
automatically be displayed on screen.

Note:
Select this tab only if you need to enter transient stability

data for the series capacitor or for line relays such as power
swing or impedance relays
Note:
Select this tab only if you need to enter a line

model other than the default PI model for harmonic
analysis studies.
2
Select line 7_8 database ID (230KV-
LINE) by clicking on the symbol.
3
Enter the Line length in Km.
4
Specify only if the line has a series capacitor for
compensation purposes.

Static Load Connection and Data Entry
1
 Click on the load Icon of the equipment selection toolbox,
hold down the left mouse button and drag the load
symbol to the OLD workspace.
 Rotate the line connection point by 90 with the arrow
keys of your keyboard or by clicking on the rotate of

the GUI edit toolbox. (Equipment are connected at 90
with a bus)
 Slide the cursor over the bus (B8-EIGHT) symbol until the

load (8) to the bus. The static load dialog box will
automatically be displayed on screen.
Mw = 100
Mvar = 35
2
Enter load (8) MW and MVAR in their
respective fields. The MVA and Power
Factor of the load will be computed
accordingly.

One - Line Diagram of the (9) bus Training Network
Repeat the above steps to enter the remaining buses, lines, transformers and
generators.
The resulting One-Line diagram is shown below.
Saving The (9) Bus Training Network

Save the resulting study into the file for example TRBASECASE.STU. Once the
study file is opened it will automatically display the corresponding network to
insure consistency with the study data.

Useful GUI Hints

Once the complete One-Line Diagram of the network is generated, the following
GUI tool tips will be useful to rearrange the network OLD.
 Stretching a bus: The bus length can now be adjusted with the mouse by
selecting the desired bus (clicking once on the bus with the left mouse
button). While the cursor is on the bus, click on the right side of the bus until
the “stretch” cursor appears, hold the left mouse button and drag.
 Move a Bus: A bus can now be moved directly without clicking on the edit
toolbar. To do so, simply move the mouse cursor over the selected bus until
the “Move cursor” appears. Left-click, hold down the mouse button and drag
the bus to its new location.

 Bus Rotation: An improved bus rotation command is available. Select the

bus to rotate then click on the rotation command. Next, select the base
rotation point by left click and hold down the mouse and by rotate the mouse
in the desired direction.
 Single Port Move / Rotate: Equipment connected to a bus can now be

moved and rotated with the mouse. Select the desired equipment by left
clicking on it with the mouse and then simply move the mouse over the
equipment until the cursor changes to a cross (you may also click on the
“Move” icon in the edit toolbar). Then, DRAG the equipment by left clicking on
the symbol, hold and drag the symbol. If you move the symbol on the other
side of the bus, the equipment will be automatically flipped over.

 Two Port Move Command: Equipment connected between buses can now
be moved with the mouse. Select the desired equipment by left clicking on it
with the mouse and then simply move the mouse over the equipment until the
cursor changes to a cross. Then, DRAG the equipment by left clicking on the
symbol, hold down the mouse button and drag the symbol.


Chapter 4
PSAF - FLOW, Power Flow Analysis
Introduction
Chapter’s (2) and (3) discussed in detail the database entry and the graphic user
interface respectively. This chapter will highlight the analytical capabilities of the
power flow module PSAF-FLOW.
The basic structure of PSAF is independent of the type and number of simulation
modules it can accommodate. It offers the user a common format as far as
entering the “Study” parameters, “Solve” the network and generating the analysis
graphical results with CYMVIEW.
All analysis modules include the following two basic dialog boxes:
 “Study” dialog box: to set the study parameters such as MVA tolerance,
number of iterations, System frequency etc.
 “Solve” dialog box: to solve the network with the respective calculation
engine for Power Flow, Short Circuit, Motor Starting, Transient Stability or
Harmonic Analysis.
The “Study” and “Solve” dialog boxes can be activated from by clicking on their
respective icons on the PSAF Ribbon menu as illustrated below.
“Study” Icon “Solve” Icon

Power Flow Analysis Engine Selection
1
Open the TRBASECASE.STU study file.
2
Click on the and select
the Power Flow Analysis
Option.

Power Flow Study Dialog
The next step is to set the Power Flow study parameters.
Title Tab
1
Click on the “Study” Icon to display the Power Flow
Study Dialog Box.
2
 Enter the study name
 Enter the Description of your

study.
3
Click on the “Load Flow
Parameters” tab.

Load Flow Parameters Tab
4
Enter the Power Flow parameters:
Base Power 100 MVA

Convergence Tolerance 0.1 MVA
System Frequency 60 Hz
5
 This is an optional step if global bus
voltage limits are to be applied on all
the buses of the network.
 Click on the square to activate this

6 option. A check symbol  will be
displayed in the box .
 This is also an optional step if global
load (MW and MVAR) and active MW
generation factors are to be applied
on the entire network or by zones.
 Click on the square to activate this

option. A check symbol  will be
7
displayed in the box . Click on the “Report
Options” tab above to set the
hard copy report style and
format.

Report Options Tab
8
Click on the square to select the network component to be included in the
reports. A check symbol  will be displayed in the box .
9
Click on the “Units” button to specify the
desired units of Voltage, Current, Power,
Power Factor, Angle and Ampacity.
10
Click on the “Limits” or “Abnormal” buttons to set the desired flags for abnormal conditions
reporting.
11
Click on the “Distributed Swing Dialog” tab above.
Note: This is an optional step if the Load Flow is to be solved with the option of
distributing the swing generation to any number of generation buses.

Distributed Swing Dialog
In the load flow calculation, voltage magnitudes, voltage phase angles and
certain equipment settings are computed for a given power generation schedule
and a given load profile.
The operating strategy traditionally has been to allow one generation to deviate
from the schedule to improve the resulting operation. This generation is called
the swing generation. Allotting this excess power to a single generation can
prove unacceptable if the deviation from the desired value is large. The load flow
program PSAF-FLOW now offers the possibility of distributing the swing
generation to any number of generation buses.
Global selection buttons to

include or exclude all
generators of the network.
12
Click on the generator bus(es) that are to participate in the redistribution of
the swing power.
13
Click on the “Area Interchange” tab above.
Note: This is an optional step if the Load Flow is to be solved for utility power
interchange studies and tie line capability evaluation.

Area Interchange
14
 Select the Area from the area list.
15
 Enter the total Scheduled MW
interchange for this area.
 Select if this area “ONE” will

export or import this power.
 Enter the acceptable tolerance

percentage for the power
interchange.
16
 Enter the maximum and
minimum generation value for
this generation bus.
 Select the “area swing bus” from the Area generation

buses. The purpose of this generator is to provide the MW
slack to satisfy the desired power interchange.
17
Repeat the process for area “TWO” but specify that it is importing the scheduled MW
power.
Note: Total “Power Exported” by specified areas must be set equal to total “Power
Imported” by all other areas participating in the area interchange studies.

Solving the Power Flow
1
Click on the Solve Icon in the ribbon to
display the Power Flow Solve Dialog Box.
2
Select the solution method by clicking on the radio button next to the
desired method which is normally set to “Fast Decoupled”.
3
Select the solution options:
 Flat start assumes that all initial bus voltages are set
to = 1.0 /0 p.u.
 Apply constraints of generator reactive limits and
control by tap-changing transformers.
4
Change the number of
iterations if the default of
60 is not sufficient.
5
Click on the solve button and save the solution file
TRBASECASE.SOL required for Transient Stability
studies.

Power Flow Solution

Once the solve button is clicked the following the power flow iteration report will
be displayed in the messages tab and corresponding results updated on the
One-Line Diagram.
The Power Flow iteration report will be displayed in the Messages tab of PSAF.
The Power Flow results such as Bus Voltages / Angles, Generation / Load (Mw & Mvar),
Branch Flows (Mw and Mvar) will be displayed on the One-Line Diagram.
Bus voltage limit violations

and branch overloads will
be highlighted in red.

Power Flow Solution Units
1
Click on the “Unit” Icon in the ribbon to display
the Power Flow Reporting Units Dialog Box.
2
 Click on the radio button of the desired choice of units.
 The voltages are now reported on the OLD in kV (instead of p.u.) and power flows are in
Kw and Kvar (instead of Mw and Mvar).

Power Flow Reports
1
While the network is solved click on the
show grid reports icon of the ribbon.
Reports of all equipment and a summary reports will be generated for printing or
exporting to any other word processor.
Bus report
The Power Flow reports can be customized such as hiding rows

or columns to filter out any information not required in the hard
copy of the reports and font style.
Click on the tabs below to view the reports for

any other equipment available in the network
such as lines, generators, transformers and
loads.

Line report
Any line that exceeds its loading limit will also be highlighted in red in the reports.
Generator report

Power Flow Export of Results

An automated feature is available to export the Power Flow Study results to
Microsoft Excel for the customization and presentation of reports.
On the PSAF grid reports main tool bar click on Edit

and select the option to Export  To MS Excel.
Bus Report with MS Excel
ID Zone kV Base V sol Ang sol P Gen Q Gen P Load Q Load P shunt Q shunt
[pu] [deg] [MW] [MVAR] [MW] [MVAR] [MW] [MVAR]
B1-ONE 1 16.50 1.040 0.0 67.17 34.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
B4-FOUR 1 230.00 1.021 -2.1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
B2-TWO 2 18.00 1.025 10.6 163.00 8.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
B3-THREE 2 13.80 1.025 6.4 85.00 -2.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
B5-FIVE 2 230.00 0.997 -3.0 0.00 0.00 120.00 50.00 0.00 0.00
B6-SIX 2 230.00 1.008 -3.5 0.00 0.00 90.00 30.00 0.00 0.00
B7-SEVEN 2 230.00 1.023 5.1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
B8-EIGHT 2 230.00 1.012 3.1 0.00 0.00 100.00 35.00 0.00 0.00
B9-NINE 2 230.00 1.027 3.7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Line Report with MS Excel
ID Bus From Bus To kV Nominal Length P Q P losses Q losses Ampacity Loading

[MW] [MVAR] [MW] [MVAR] (Norm.) %
[pu]
4_5 B5-FIVE B4-FOUR 230.00 58.0000 -37.90 -40.63 0.28 -8.96 200.000 69.9
4_6 B6-SIX B4-FOUR 230.00 100.0000 -28.76 -16.76 0.15 -17.39 200.000 41.4
5_7 B5-FIVE B7-SEVEN 230.00 182.0000 -82.10 -9.43 2.18 -21.08 200.000 104.0
6_9 B6-SIX B9-NINE 230.00 220.0000 -61.24 -13.28 1.44 -32.51 200.000 78.0
7_8 B7-SEVEN B8-EIGHT 230.00 50.0000 78.40 4.35 0.52 -6.33 200.000 96.4
8-9 B9-NINE B8-EIGHT 230.00 68.0000 22.22 12.36 0.10 -11.99 200.000 31.1

Power Flow Input Data Reports
1
On the PSAF main tool bar click on
Report and select and select the “Input
Data Report” option to display the
corresponding dialog box.
2
Select the report options:
1. MVA Base
2. Impedance reported in :
 Ohms
Or in
 P.U. on System or Equipment Base
3
Specify the desired options
for the reports.

Load Input Data Report
The input data reports are similar in style to the output reports as
far customization and exporting to MS Excel.
Click on the tabs below to Load Input Data Report with MS Excel
view the input data reports .
for any other equipment ID DATABASE ID Status From Bus P Load Q Load nP nQ
available in the network. [MW] [MVAR]
5 LOD-0001 ON B5-FIVE 120.0000 50.0000 0.00 0.00
6 LOD-0001 ON B6-SIX 90.0000 30.0000 0.00 0.00
8 LOD-0001 ON B8-EIGHT 100.0000 35.0000 0.00 0.00
Fixed Tap Transformer Input Data Report
Fixed Tap Transformer Input Data Report with MS Excel
ID From Bus To Bus Rated Primary Secondary Z1 Z0 X/R X/R Tap

[MVA] [kV] [kV] [p.u.] [p.u.] Positive Zero [%]
TR1-16.5-230 B1-ONE B4-FOUR 250.000 16.500 230.000 0.1440 0.1440 50.000 50.000 100.00
TR2-18-230 B2-TWO B7-SEVEN 200.000 18.000 230.000 0.1250 0.1250 50.000 50.000 100.00
TR3-13.8-230 B3-THREE B9-NINE 150.000 13.800 230.000 0.0880 0.0880 42.000 42.000 100.00


Chapter 5
PSAF – MOTORSTART, Motor Starting Analysis
Introduction
To illustrate the motor starting capabilities of PSAF, the (9) bus base network will
be modified as follows:
 Addition of a new 13.8 KV load bus B10-TEN.
 Connection of this bus to bus B6-SIX of the base network through a 230/13.8
kV step down 20MVA fixed tap ( - Yg) transformer having an impedance of
7% and an X/R ratio of 42.
 Connection of the induction motor I-MOT to started to bus B10-TEN. The

nameplate and mechanical load data for the motor will be discussed in detail
in the following section.
Transformer TR-230-13.8 Name Plate Data
MVA FROM kV TO kV Z1 X1/R1 Z0 X0/R0

20 230.0 13.80 0.07 42 0.07 42
Note: In order to start a

motor in both Psaf-
Motorstart and Psaf-Stab
the motor has to be
connected to the bus but
must be switched off.
Bus B10-TEN data

B10-TEN 13.80 13.80

Induction Motor Database
The following is the data for the induction motor.
Induction Motor Name-Plate Data
Mot # R.P.M kV MVA P.F Efficiency H.P

I-MOT 1800 13.8 7.865 0.85 90 8,066.40
Equivalent Circuit Parameters
Rs Rr Xs Xr RL XM CR CX
Ohms Ohms Ohms Ohms Ohms Ohms Ohms Ohms
0.3191 0.1671 2.7057 2.4596 10,000 67.196 3.7439 -0.2813
Rs = Stator resistance Rr = Rotor resistance

Xs = Stator reactance Xr = Rotor reactance
RL = Magnetization resistance XM = Magnetization reactance
CR = Cage factor for Rotor resistance CX = Cage factor for Rotor reactance
Induction Motor Mechanical Load Data
 The moment of inertia of all rotating parts is J = 928.40 kgm²
 The full load torque developed by the motor is Tmax = 35,465.90 N-M. The
load torque is assumed to vary as a function of the square of the speed in p.u
or one minus the slip (S).
T = (1- S)² x Tmax
Slip Torque as a function of Tmax Torque ( T ) In N-M
0.00 Tmax 35,465.90
0.25 0.5625 Tmax 19,949.60
0.50 0.2500 Tmax 8,866.50
0.75 0.0625 Tmax 2,216.60
1.00 0.0 0.0
Graphical representation of the above table

Induction Motor Data Entry in PSAF
Note: Any motor connected to the

network and is to be started with
PSAF-MOTORSTAT or PSAF-STAB
must be switched “OFF”.
1
 Click the Left Mouse button once on the
induction motor symbol
2
Double – Click the Right Mouse to display the induction motor data entry dialog box.
This chapter will highlight the analytical capabilities of the power flow module
3
Click on the Access Data base button
to enter the nameplate data and
equivalent circuit parameters

4
Create the database ID “13.8 KV-MOTOR” of the motor by
clicking on the “New” button.
5
Enter the nameplate (General Parameter’s) data of the motor in
their respective fields.
Mot # R.P.M kV MVA P.F Eff. % H.P

I-MOT 1800 13.8 7.865 0.85 90 8,066.4
6
Click on the next tab “Eq. Circuit” to display the dialog box to enter the motor
equivalent circuit parameters.

7
Enter the motor equivalent circuit parameters in Ohms in their respective fields
Rs Rr Xs Xr RL XM Cr Cx
0.3191 0.1671 2.7057 2.4596 10,000 67.196 3.7439 -0.2813
Note: If the motor circuit

parameter values are not
available select one of
the estimation methods
provided to calculate
these values.
8
Click on the
“OK“ button.
Note: All other calculation engines will use the data entered and therefore no
additional data entry for transient stability or harmonic analysis is required. In other
words you do not even have to click on the remaining three tabs.

The induction motor data entry dialog box will again be displayed on screen.
9
Click on the mechanical load data
entry tab.

10
 Enter the Torque data in N-M.
Slip ( T ) In N-M
0.00 35,465.90
0.25 19,949.60
0.50 8,866.50
0.75 2,216.60
1.00 0.0
 The Torque values in Ib-ft will be
computed accordingly.
11
 Enter Moment of Inertia
J = 928.40 kgm²
 The torque values in Ib-ft²

and the Inertia constant
(H) are automatically
computed.
Note: Enter any starting 12

assist parameters if Click on the “OK“
required. The PSAF- button.
MOTORSTART engine only
uses these parameters.

Motor Starting Analysis Engine Selection
1
the Motor Starting Analysis
Option.

Motor Starting Analysis Study Dialog

The next step is to set the Motor Starting study parameters.
1
Click on the “Study” Icon to
display the Motor Starting
Study Dialog Box.
Title Tab
2

study.
3
Click on the “ Motor Start Parameter” tab.

Motor Starting Parameters Tab
4 5
Select the starting method, which in our Enter the Motor Starting parameters:
example is “ Across the line”.
Base Power 100 MVA
Convergence Tolerance 0.1 MVA
6
Click on the “OK“ button.

Starting the motor
Once the Motor Starting Study parameters are set the next step is to start the
induction motor.
1
display the Motor Starting Solve Dialog Box.
Note: All motors

to be started
(switched “OFF”)
will be listed
2
above. Click on the Start Motor button.

CYMVIEW, Plotting of Results
Once the Motor has started the PSAF-MOTORSTART program will automatically
launch the CYMVIEW program to plot / print the various monitored motor
parameters versus time or speed.
1
Select the variables (Y-axis) to be plotted
versus time (X-axis) in the Chart Selector
dialog box.
As an example if Torque is selected then

both the motor Electrical and Mechanical
Torque’s can be plotted on the same
chart.
Note: Plots Versus

speed are also
available.
Note: All curves, grid lines,

titles etc. can be edited by the 2
user with respect to the:
Select the next variable such as Voltage
 Selection of units versus time and so on.
 Selection of curve colors
 Curve thickness Once all variables of interest are selected
 Grid line style and color click on the “Plot” button to display all the
 Background color selected charts.

The following are the corresponding plots

Motor Starting Solution
Results such as Bus Voltages / Angles, Generation / Load (Mw & Mvar), Branch Flows (Mw
and Mvar) at motor full load will be displayed on the One-Line Diagram.
The started motor will be

highlighted in red and the
Mw and Mvar drawn by the
motor at full load will be
displayed on the OLD.
Identical choices of units as

described in the Power Flow
Chapter 4 are available for the
Motor Starting Analysis.

Motor Starting Reports
 After the Motor has started click on the show reports icon of the ribbon.
 The tabular report of the motor starting analysis will be displayed on screen


Chapter 6
PSAF – FAULT, Fault Analysis
Introduction
This chapter will highlight the analytical capabilities of the fault analysis module
PSAF-FAULT.
This module again includes the following two basic dialog boxes:
 “Study” dialog box: to set the study parameters such as MVA Base, system
frequency, selection of fault type and report options
 “Solve” dialog box: to solve the network with the short circuit calculation
engine.
Two fault examples will be carried as illustrated below:
Case 1: NON-ANSI conformable shunt fault (LLL, LG, LL, and LLG) on all
buses. This is the summary report option in the “Fault Analysis
Parameters” tab study dialog box.
Case 2: NON-ANSI conformable detailed shunt fault (LLL, LG, LL, and LLG)
at a selected bus B7-SEVEN.

Fault Analysis Engine Selection
1
2
the Fault Analysis Ansi
Option.
Note: Two fault analysis

options are available ANSI and
IEC. The ANSI analysis option
will be detailed in this Chapter.
The IEC option is similar in

functionality but adheres to
European standards.

Fault Analysis Study Dialog

The next step is to set the Short Circuit study parameters.
1
display the Short Circuit
Study Dialog Box.
Title Tab
2

study.
3
Click on the “Fault Analysis
Parameters” tab.

Fault Analysis Parameters Tab
4
Enter the Fault Analysis Base parameters:
Base Power 100 MVA

5
Selection of the shunt fault
6 to be applied on the network.
All possible shunt faults are
selected.
Select the shunt or series fault type.
Click on the square next to
Shunt Faults the fault type to select. A
check symbol  will be
 Summary on all buses
displayed in the box .
 Detailed on all buses
 Detailed on selected Bus
 Global report on selected Bus
 Sliding Fault along a Line
7
Series fault on a Selected Line
Click on the ANSI conformable parameter tab.
 1 Phase Open
 2 Phases Open
 Asymmetrical Impedance.

ANSI Conformable Parameters Tab
ANSI follows the American National Standards Institute standards for circuit
breaker application C37.010 (symmetrical current), C37.5 (total current) and
C37.13 (low voltage):
 It adjusts the impedances of motors according to their size and speed to

account for the fact that their contributions to faults decay with time.
 It does not permit the inclusion of pre-fault load current.
 It does allow the use of load flow voltages.
 It does not permit impedance in the fault itself. Only “bolted” faults are
permitted.
 It calculates four specific duty types, according to the standards, and applies
multipliers to the calculated current to account for asymmetry.
Four duty types are available in PSAF-FAULT, Time Delayed, Contact Parting
Time, Closing and Latching, and Low Voltage Circuit Breaker.
8
Select the ANSI duty type. The default
option is the Time Delayed Duty for fault
current calculations at a point in time of
about 30 cycles after fault inception.
Note: The Breaker Speed

and Parting Time are
only required when the
Contact Parting duty
type is selected.
9
Click on the NON-ANSI Conformable
Parameter Tab.

NON-ANSI Conformable Parameters Tab
NON-ANSI does not follow the ANSI standards:

 It does not adjust motor impedances, but does allow you to use transient
impedances of generators to calculate the current a few cycles after fault
inception.
 It allows you to include pre-fault load current and fault impedance.
 It also can compute voltages and currents due to series faults.
10
Select the Generator impedance
 Use the sub-transient impedance to

calculate faults within a few cycles of
fault inception.
 Use transient impedance for

calculations beyond that time.
11
The series fault currents are calculated with zero
impedance in the healthy phases and neutral.
However, PSAF-FAULT gives you the option to
assign impedance to the each phase or neutral
depending on the type of the series fault analysis
required. Example of 1-Phase (A) Open is shown
below:
12
Normally the shunt fault currents are calculated
with no impedance in the fault itself, because the
result is the highest fault current possible.
However, PSAF-FAULT gives you the option to
assign impedance to the fault itself to represent
an arcing ground fault as shown below.

NON-ANSI Shunt Faults On All buses.

Once the short circuit study parameters are set the next step is to solve the
network.
1
display the Short Circuit Analysis Solve Dialog.
Solving the Short Circuit
Note: The Bus selection

list box is grayed out
since the option to fault
all buses is specified in
the fault analysis study
parameters tab.
2
3
Select the NON-ANSI
study protocol. Select the Prefault voltage that is by
default set to 1 p.u.
4
Click on the “Solve“ button.

Short Circuit Solution
The Fault current and MVA level for each bus will be displayed on the One-Line Diagram.
Generator sub-transient (X”d)

impedance’s are considered in
the fault current calculations.
The 3-Phase (LLL) values are displayed by default.
The network buses

will be highlighted in
red to indicate that
the network is now
solved.

Short Circuit Solution Units
1
the Short Circuit Analysis units selection dialog
box.
2
 Click on the radio button of the desired shunt fault type and desired units.
 The LG Fault current and MVA levels for each bus are now displayed on the One-Line
Diagram.
Note:
 All Generator connections are Yg

 All Transformer connections are - Yg

Short Circuit Summary Bus Report
1
While the network is solved click on the
show grid reports icon of the ribbon.
The Fault Current and MVA for all buses are reported for each fault type.
The Fault Analysis summary report can be customized such as

hiding rows or columns to filter out any information not required in
the hard copy of the reports, font style and exporting to MS Excel.

NON-ANSI Shunt Fault at a Selected Bus.

Solving the Short Circuit
1 2
Following the same procedure
Click on the “Study” button to access the Fault Analysis
as in the previous section click
parameter tab.
on the solve icon of the main
ribbon to display the Short
Circuit Analysis Solve Dialog.
3
Select the “Detailed on
selected bus(es)” option.
4
 Select the desired bus
(B7-SEVEN) form the
list box and double click
on its ID.
 Bus B7-SEVEN will now

be listed in the selected
bus list box.
5
Click on the “Solve“ button.

Short Circuit Solution
Global fault current and bus voltages will be displayed on the One-Line Diagram.
Short circuit current of the Global bus fault voltage

faulted bus. report.
Generator fault current

contribution. The faulted bus and first
ring contributions will be
highlighted in red.

Short Circuit Solution Units
1
the Short Circuit Analysis units selection dialog
box.
2
 Click on the radio button of the desired shunt fault type and desired units.
 The LG fault current and voltages in p.u are now displayed on the One-Line Diagram.

Short Circuit Report for the selected bus (B7-SEVEN)
The Fault Analysis detailed report at a selected bus can be customized

such as hiding rows or columns to filter out any information not required in
the hard copy of the reports, font style and exporting to MS Excel.
Click on the tabs above to view global voltage,

current, and generator contribution reports.

ANSI Shunt Fault at a Selected Bus

ANSI conformable studies can be carried out by following the same procedure as
in the previous section with some minor changes to the “Solve” dialog box as
illustrated below.
2
Select the desired
faulted bus B2-TWO.
1 3
Select the ANSI
option. Click on the solve
button.
The results are again Note: ANSI Time Delayed duty

shown on the OLD. was specified in the study
dialog box.
The standard for this type of duty

states that the symmetrical RMS
current is calculated at a point in
time (say 30 cycles after fault
inception) when the contributions
from motors have decayed to zero
and the generators are
represented by their transient
reactances. There is no
Note the Fault current at bus B2-TWO is asymmetry in the current
now 40.80 kA since generator contributions waveform and no multipliers are
are represented by (X’d) as compared to needed. No motor contribution is
56.30 kA when (X”d) values were used in included for this duty type.
the fault calculations.


Chapter 7
PSAF – STAB, Transient Stability Analysis
Introduction
This chapter will highlight the analytical capabilities of the transient stability
analysis module PSAF-STAB.
 “Study” dialog box: to set the study parameters such as MVA tolerance,
system frequency, integration step, selection of disturbance, report options
and monitoring of selected variables.
 “Solve” dialog box: to solve the network with the transient stability
calculation engine.
respective icons on the PSAF ribbon menu as illustrated below.
The following three transient stability analysis examples will be illustrated in this
Chapter:
Case 1: A bolted (3) Phase fault is applied at Bus B5-FIVE

Fault applied at time T1 = 4.0 cycles
Fault clearing at time T2 = 10.0 cycles
Case 2: Generator GEN-3 at bus B3-THREE is disconnected.

Time of disturbance at T = 10.0 cycles.
Case 3: Starting the 13.8 kV induction motor I-MOT of chapter 5.

Time of starting at T = 10.0 cycles

Generator Controller Data

Controller Types
In Chapter 2 the transient stability data entry for the generators was discussed in
detail.
In this Chapter the data entry for the generator controllers such as exciters and
prime movers (turbines) will be illustrated. The following table is a summary of
the exciter and prime mover types associated to each generator in the network.
Generator ID Generator Type Exciter Prime Mover
GEN-1 Type 1 No Exciter UDM Simplified Model
GEN-2 Type 4 Type 1 UDM Simplified Model
GEN-3 Type 4 Type 1 UDM Simplified Model
Exciter Data
The Exciters are of the IEEE Type DC1 included in the built library (hard coded)
of models provided with PSAF-STAB.

IEEE Type DC1 Exciter Model
Exciter Parameters Definition Units GEN-2 GEN-3

TR Regulator Input Filter Time Constant Sec 0.06 0.06
KA Regulator Gain p.u 200 120
TA Regulator Amplifier Time Constant Sec 0.20 0.20
VRMAX Maximum Value of VR p.u 5.0 3.984
VRMIN Minimum Value of VR p.u -5.0 -3.984
KF Regulator Stabilizing Circuit Gain p.u 0.063 0.063
TF Regulator Stabilizing Circuit Time Constant Sec 0.35 0.35
KE Exciter Gain p.u -0.17 -0.17
TE Exciter Time Constant Sec 0.314 0.314
SEMAX Exciter Saturation p.u 0.293 0.293
SE .75 Exciter Saturation p.u 0.104 0.104
Efdl Full Load Excitation Voltage p.u 3.0 3.0
TA1 Regulator Stabilizing Time Constant Sec 0.0 0.0
TA2 Regulator Stabilizing Time Constant Sec 0.0 0.0
Note: Generator GEN-1 is a type 1 model where the excitation voltage is

assumed to be constant and therefore no exciter is allowed on this type of
generator.
Prime Mover Data
The Prime movers are of the simplified Type included in the User Defined Models
(UDM ASCII file format) provided with PSAF-STAB. The UDM file name of the
simplified turbine model is TU3.CON
Simplified Prime Mover UDM Model

Prime Mover Parameters Definition Uni GEN-1 GEN-2 GEN-3
ts
TBMW Rated Power MW 247.50 192.0 128.0
R Speed Regulation Drop p.u 0.045 0.050 0.050
DB Governor Dead Band p.u. 0.01 0.01 0.01
T1 Governor Lead Time Constant Sec 0.0 0.0 0.0
T2 Governor Lag Time Constant Sec 1.0 0.50 0.2
PMAX Maximum Power Output p.u 1.1 1.2 1.2
PMIN Minimum Power Output p.u 0.0 0.0 0.0
FREQ0 System Frequency Hz 60 60 60
The equations written in the UDM language representing the above prime mover block diagram are detailed
in the following pages. The section on user defined modeling is discussed in detail in Chapter 6 of the
PSAF-STAB user’s manual.

TU3.CON UDM file description
Notes:
 All equations that are in part of the UDM file are shown in bold letters.
 Everything else is comments.
Step 1:
 Define the parameters of the block diagram to be entered in the UDM dialog box of PSAF-STAB.
 PST is the key word to define these parameters
PST,IG,TBMW,R,T1,T2,PMAX,PMIN,DB,FREQ0
Parameter IG is the All other parameters are

generator ID number. numerical values.
Step 2:
 Compute any additional parameter required such as initial mechanical power PM0
 In general these parameters are used to calculate any initial condition such as the initial value of
integrator output variables at time T=0.0.
 P is the key letter to define these parameters which are constants such as gains and conversion factors.
 Special functions are available in the UDM language for this purpose such as the one detailed below.
P,PGB,PBGEN(IG)
P is the key
letter to identify a PBGEN(IG) is UDM function that
PGB is parameter. will set PGB equal to the base
parameter.
MVA power of the generator.
P,PGB,PBGEN(IG)  PGB is the base power in MVA of generator IG.

P,PM0,PMEC0(IG)/TBMW  PM0 = Initial mechanical power [PMEC0(IG)] in MW of generator IG / TBMW
TBMW is the turbine rated MVA defined in the PST parameter card.
P,A,TBMW/PGB  A=TBMW / PGB ( A is the conversion factor from turbine to generator base.)
P,W0,1.0  Turbine reference speed is 1.0 p.u.
Step 3:
 Write the system equations starting with the input signal which in our example is speed.
 The speed measurement UDM command is shown below.
OMEGAG,W,IG  W is rotational speed in p.u. of generator IG.

This is naturally the turbine speed as well.
Step 4:
 Continue the system equations.

 Assign intermediate unique variable names for every input and output of each control block.

 The UDM Summing function
+,W,DW,1.0,R,W0
 (W0 – W) x 1/R = DW
 W0 – W = R x DW
 (1.0 x W) + (R x DW) = W0
 UDM format is +,W,DW,1.0,R,W0
 The UDM Dead Band function
DB,DW,DW1,DB X (Input) = DW & Y(Output) = DW1
DB is a PST Parameter
 The UDM Laplace Transfer Function
TR,DW1,PMT,1.0,T1,1.0,T2 X (Input) = DW1 & Y(Output) = PMT
K1= K2 =1.0, T1 & T2 are PST Parameters
+,PM1,PMT,1.0,-1.0,PM0  PMT + PM0 = PM1

 PM1 - PMT = PM0
 UDM format is +,PM1,PMT,1.0,-1.0,PM0
 The UDM Limit function
LIM,PM1,PM2,PMIN,PMAX
PM1 = PM2 Limited between PMIN & PMAX

X (Input) = PM1 & Y(Output) = PM2
MIN = PST Parameter PMIN
MAX = PST Parameter PMAX
+,PM,PM2,1.0,-A,0.0  PM = (PM2 x A)
 PM - (PM2 x A) = 0.0
 UDM format is +,PM,PM2,1.0,-A,0.0
Step 5:
 Interface the computed Mechanical Power of the turbine to generator IG.

 Key word is PTU
PTU,PM,IG  PM is the mechanical power in p.u. of generator base power.

Step 6:
 Compute any additional variables you wish to monitor such as the Power in MW or Speed in Hz.
+,PMMW,PM,-1.0,PGB,0.0  PMMW = PM x PGB ( PGB is the base power of generator IG)

 -PMMW + (PM x PGB) = 0.0
 UDM format is: +,PMMW,PM,-1.0,PGB,0.0
+,WHZ,W,-1.0,FREQ0,0.0  WHZ = W x FREQ0

 -WHZ + (W x FREQ0) = 0.0
 UDM format is: +,WHZ,W,-1.0,FREQ0,0.0
Step 7:
 Monitor these variables and plot with CYMVIEW.

 Key word is RAPP
RAPP,W,PM,WHZ,PMMW  Report Speed (W), Power in p.u. (PM)

Power in MW (PMMW), Speed in HZ. (WHZ)
Registering a UDM file in PSAF-STAB
PSAF-STAB categorizes UDM files by type (Turbine, Excitation System, etc.).

These files are maintained in a UDM library and must be registered there before
they can be used in a simulation.
1
Choose Database > Open UDM
Library Manager.

The following dialog box will appear
2
 Select the UDM directory.
 Select the TU3.CON file from
the list of available models
3
Select the UDM type, which in
our case is a Turbine.
4
Associate which parameter refers to the type
of equipment. IG  [Generator]
This step is very important since it will
indicate to PSAF-STAB that this UDM model
PST Parameter list as
(turbine) will be connected to a generator. All
defined in the UDM file.
other parameters such as gains, time
constants are numerical values.
Once the UDM file is registered in the library it is now basically treated as a built
in model and can be used in any transient stability analysis with PSAF-STAB.
The user-defined equations are specified by a set of commands in ASCII files
using a standard text editor.
These files are loaded and interpreted at run-time, thus avoiding re-compilation
and re-linking of the program, without compromising modeling capability. This
important feature of PSAF-STAB implies that absolutely no knowledge of a
special programming language, such as FORTRAN or C++, is necessary when
creating user-defined models.

Generator Controller Data Entry In PSAF-STAB

This section will highlight the data entry of the controllers for one generator
namely generator GEN-2.
Generator and Controller Dynamic Model Selection
1
Open the TRBASECASE.STU study file and Select
the desired generator GEN-2. Double click the left
mouse button to display the generator data entry
dialog box.
2
Click on the second tab “ Stability
Model” to display the generator
dynamic model selection dialog
box.
3
Click on the radio button next to
“Generator Model” to select the
generator type which in our case is 4.
4
Click on the “Open”
button to access the hard
coded and UDM (ASCI
file) models of exciters.
Note: A Check () mark indicates that
the Exciter, Turbine or Stabilizer are
connected to the Generator.

Exciter Model Selection and Data Entry
1
Select exciter type 1 (M1) tab from the built in exciter models M1 to
M15 provided with PSAF-STAB.
UDM tab is to enter

data of any exciter
model created in ASCII
format.
2
Click on the “New” button to assign
an ID (EX-GEN2) to the exciter.
These network exciter

settings are particularly
3
useful if a certain Click on the “OK
parameter needs to be button to confirm the
modified for optimal exciter ID selection.
response of the exciter
without modifying the
exciter database entries.
4
Click on the “Access DB” to enter
the exciter database parameter
settings.


of the Exciter model.
5
Enter the exciter data in the corresponding preset fields.
Exciter Parameters GEN-2

TR 0.06
KA 200
TA 0.20
VRMAX 5.0
VRMIN -5.0
KF 0.063
TF 0.35
KE -0.17
TE 0.314
SEMAX 0.293
SE .75 0.104
Efdl 3.0
TA1 0.0
TA2 0.0

Turbine Model Selection and Data Entry
This section will only highlight the data entry of the UDM turbine. The section on
user defined modeling is discussed in detail in Chapter 6 of the PSAF-STAB
user’s manual.
1
Once the data for the exciter is entered, the
main stability tab of the generator will be
displayed again.
2
Click on the “Open” button to
access the hard coded and UDM
(ASCI file) models of Turbines.
3
Click on the UDM tab and assign
an ID (TU-GEN2) for the turbine.
4
Select the UDM file model, which
in our example is TU3.CON.
5
Enter the turbine data by clicking on
the small << and >> buttons to
move from one parameter to the next.
IG GEN-2
TBMW 192.0
R 0.050
DB 0.01
T1 0.0
T2 0.5
PMAX 1.2
PMIN 0.0
Repeat the above steps to enter the Exciter and Turbine data for the remaining
two generators GEN-1 and GEN-3.

Transient Stability Analysis Engine Selection
Once the data of all required dynamic models including UDM files are specified,
the transient stability analysis of the network can now be performed for the
various cases outlined.
1
2
the Transient Stability
Analysis Option.

Transient Stability Analysis Study Dialog

The next step is to set the Transient Stability study parameters.
1
display the Transient Stability
Analysis Study Dialog Box.
Title Tab
2
 Enter the description of your

study.
3
Click on the “Files” tab.

Files Tab
4
Select the Load Flow solved file TRBASECASE.SOL
created by PSAF-FLOW. This file provides the initial
condition required by PSAF-STAB.
5
Click on the “Settings” tab.
Settings Tab
6
Enter the general study
parameters such as
Frequency, Base Power
(MVA) (should be the same
as in PSAF-FLOW),
integration time Step (in
cycles), and total Simulation
Time (in cycles) in their
respective fields. Normally
the default values are
adequate
7
Click on the “Global Load” tab.

Global Load Tab
8
Enter Bus voltage threshold
Zload below which the load
is represented as a constant
impedance (Z) load
Enter load voltage sensitivity

parameters nP and nQ.
Enter load frequency

sensitivity parameters Pfreq
and Qfreq.
9
Click on the “Load/Zone” tab.
Load / Zone Tab
Load parameters 10
applied to Zone 2.
The load parameters for each zone entered in this tab will
overwrite the ”Global Load” settings of the previous tab.
11
Click on the “Frequency/Zone” tab.

Frequency / Zone Tab
12
This is an optional part of the study, which is particularly useful when interconnected systems
with different frequencies are to be included in the transient stability study.
ZONE 1 ZONE 2
60 Hz 50 Hz
50 Hz is specified 13
for Zone 2.
The frequency for each zone entered in this tab will overwrite the
nominal frequency entered in the “Settings” tab of the study.
14
Click on the “Global Selection” tab.

Global Selection Tab
15
This is an optional part of the
study if a simplified stability
simulation is required. This is
a very useful feature if the
data for all controllers is not
yet defined or available.
You have the option to select a machine

You have the option to run a model, which will be applied on all the
simulation with no Turbines, generators of the network.
Exciters or Stabilizers.
16 Note: All options selected in this tab

will overwrite any individual dynamic
Click on the “UDM” tab.
model selections.
Generic UDM Tab
18
Click on the “Events” tab.
17
This is also an optional part of the
study if you wish to enter UDM files
registered as “Generic” types. Generic
UDM files are similar to any other
UDM file except that they are not
related to a particular type of
equipment. These UDM models can
be used for any specialized function
and can be associated to any network
component. Some examples are Click on the
global load shedding on the network, above button to
special bus or line relay models and access the UDM
DC line controls. data entry dialog
box.

Events Tab
List of disturbance(s) and on which component it is applied

to.
Note: Multiple disturbances on 19

any equipment at different
times can be specified. Click on the edit button to access the
events editor dialog box below.
21 20
Select the “Apply
Bus Fault” option. Click on the Add
button to select the
type of disturbance
you wish to
simulate.
22
Enter the following:
 Fault Application Time = 4.0 cycles.
 Fault Clearing Time = 10.0 cycles.
 Select faulted bus (B5-FIVE)
Enter any fault impedance, if

any, otherwise a 3-Phase
bolted fault will be applied.
23
Click on the “Monitoring” tab.

Monitoring Tab
24
Click on the edit button to access
the equipment monitoring
selection dialog box.
List of monitored equipment.
25
 Click on the equipment type, such as generators you wish to monitor from the
“Unselected” list box. All variables of interest will be automatically monitored.
 Click on each (or select all) generator(s) you wish to monitor.
 Click on the add button to complete the selection.
 The generators and all other

selected equipment will appear
in the list of “Selected” Items.
26
Click on the
“Tabular Report”
Tab.
To remove from
the “Selected” list
reverse the steps
and click on the
remove button.

Tabular Report Tab
27
Click on the square next
to the required report
option. A check symbol
 will be displayed in the
box .
28
Click on the “OK” button to
confirm the transient stability
study parameter settings

Save the Transient Stability Study
Re-Save the resulting Study file TRBASECASE.STU. This study file will now
include all the transient stability study parameters entered above.
Click on the “File” option of the

main ribbon followed by “Save as”
to enter and save the study file
name. (TRBASECASE.STU)

Transient Stability Analysis - Fault at Bus B5-FIVE

Solving the Transient Stability
1
display the Transient Stability Analysis Solve
Dialog.
2
Click on the solve button.
Space for viewing iteration

reports, list of events and
any messages generated by
PSAF-STAB.
 Click Pause to stop the simulation temporarily (to read a

message, for example). Click it again to resume the
simulation.
 Exit and Save will stop the simulation and store the results up until
that moment, for later plotting with CYMVIEW.
 Quit will stop the simulation without saving any results.

Iteration report displayed on

screen.
3
Once the total time of simulation specified in the
study is reached the analysis will stop and the
following message will be displayed on screen.
Click on the “OK” button to launch the CYMVIEW

program and to plot the simulation results.

1
Select the equipment types such as
generators you wish to plot the results. 2
Select one or all generators. The selected Select the variables (Y-axis) to be plotted
equipment will be highlighted.
versus time (X-axis) in the Chart Selector
dialog box.
As an example if Active power selected

then both the generator Electrical and
Mechanical power can be plotted on the
same chart.
3
Select the next variable such as:
 Generator GEN-2 & GEN-3 Angles

 Generator GEN-2 Speed
 Faulted Bus B5-FIVE Voltage.
Once all variables of interest are selected

click on the “Plot” button to display all the
selected charts.

Generator Power oscillations

will stabilize to their initial
operating conditions after the
fault is cleared.
Generator Swing Angles will

also stabilize to their initial
operating conditions after the
fault is cleared.

Generator GEN-2 Speed will

stabilize at its initial operating
condition of 1 p.u.
Fault Application Time T1 = 4 Cycles
Voltage at Bus B5-FIVE

recovers after fault clearing
As can be noticed from the above plots the

system stabilizes after the fault is cleared.
Scale Adjusted to 100 Cycles

Fault Clearing Time T2 = 10 Cycles

Transient Stability Analysis – Disconnect GEN-3

The base network will not be modified and therefore a new load flow solution is
not required. The only modification to be done is in the “Events” tab of the main
study dialog box of PSAF-STAB.
Modifying the Study Parameters
1
Click on the “Study” Icon to display the Transient Stability
Analysis Study Dialog Box and then click on the event tab.
Select event 
Disconnect
Select equipment 
2
Generator
Click on the Remove
button to delete any
previously specified
disturbance.
3
Click on the add button to enter the new event

5
 Enter the time (T=10 cycles) of the disturbance.
 Select the desired generator
 Click on the “Apply “button to

confirm the selection.
The dialog box will

change to the one
shown below confirming
the entered event.
 Time
 Event description
 Component ID

Solving the Transient Stability and Plot of Results
Follow the same procedure as described previously to solve and plot the results
for the case when generator GEN-3 is disconnected.
A sample plot of the Electrical and Mechanical power of the remaining two
generators in the network is shown below.
Generator GEN-1 and GEN-2 increase

their power output to pick up the
Load
Generator GEN-3 Disconnected at Time T = 10 Cycles

GEN-3 Elect. / /Mech. Power goes to zero
Transient Stability Analysis – Motor Starting

The induction motor I-MOT will be connected to the base network through a fixed
tap transformer as detailed in Chapter 5.
Note: In order to start a

motor in PSAF-STAB the
motor has to be
connected to the bus but
must be switched off.

Induction Motor Dynamic Model
The nameplate and mechanical load data entered for the motor in Chapter 5 will
be used by the transient stability engine without any additional data entries. The
only additional data required is to specify the dynamic model of the motor.
1
Select the motor on the One Line Diagram and double – click the right mouse button anywhere
in the network window to display the induction motor data entry dialog box.
2
Click on the “Stability Model” tab

3
Select the induction motor model.
 Use the Type 1 model without skin effect to represent motors which
are already running at the beginning of the simulation (time t = 0).
 Use the Type 2 model for motors with skin effect to represent motors
that will experience large voltage changes (starting or bus transfer
simulations).
4
Click on the square to include the skin effect in the motor Click on the “View diag.” Button
starting analysis. A check symbol  will be displayed in to view the dynamic model
the box . representation of the induction
motor model type 2.
For deep-bar or double-cage motors, the rotor resistance
(Rr) increases significantly at high slip frequencies due to
the skin effect, which concentrates the rotor current in the
outer edge of the rotor bars. This tends to make the motor
produce more torque when starting. The rotor reactance
(Xr) decreases slightly as the slip frequency increases.
Graphical representation of the variation of Rr & Xr

The network connectivity of the base case has been modified to accommodate
the new components namely:
 Addition of a new 13.8 kV load bus B10-TEN.
 Connection of this bus to bus B6-SIX of the base network through a 230/13.8
kV step down 20MVA fixed tap (Δ-Yg) transformer having an impedance of
7% and an X/R ratio of 42.
 Connection of the 13.8 kV, 7.865 MVA induction motor I-MOT to started to
bus B10-TEN.
The modified One-Line Diagram of the network is illustrated below.
One Line Diagram of Training Network with the Induction Motor
This implies that a new load flow solution is required since the initial condition of
the network has changed. Solve the load flow with PSAF-FLOW with this network
configuration as per Chapter 4 and save the resulting solution file
TRMOTORSTART.SOL.

Modifying the Study Parameters
1
Click on the “Study” Icon to display the Transient Stability
Analysis Study Dialog Box and then click on the title tab.
2
 Enter the new description of

your study.
3
Click on the “Files” tab.

4
Select the new Load Flow solved file
TRMOTORSTART.SOL created by PSAF-FLOW.
This file provides the initial condition required by
PSAF-STAB.
5
Click on the “Settings” tab.
6
 It is recommended that
an integration step of 0.2
cycles be used when
starting or stopping
induction motors.
 The total simulation time

is now increased to 750
cycles to allow the motor
7 to reach steady state full
load conditions.
Click on the “Events” tab.

8
Remove any previous event and
then click on the “Add” button. 
Select the motor starting option. 
9
 Enter the starting time T=10 cycles.
 Select the motor (I-MOT) to be started.
 Click on the “Apply”

button.
The dialog box will change to the one shown

below confirming the entered event.

Save The Transient Stability Study
Save the resulting Study into the file TRMOTORSTART.STU. This study file will
now include all the transient stability study parameters for the motor starting
analysis. It is important to note that the modified network will also be saved into
the file TRMOTORSTART.NWT.
Once the study file is opened it will automatically display the corresponding
network file to insure consistency with the study data.
Solving the Transient Stability and Plot of Results
Follow the same procedure as described previously to solve and plot the results
for the case when the induction motor I-MOT is started at 10 cycles.
Sample plots for the motor torque, starting current, terminal voltage, and
apparent power are detailed below.
Electrical Torque (Telec)
Telec  Tmech
Acceleration Torque (Tacc)

Tacc  Telec  Tmech
Mechanical Torque (Tmech)

Full Load Current  1 p.u.

Rated MVA  7.8 MVA
As can be noticed from the above plots the motor has started
satisfactorily and reached its rated full load operating conditions.

Chapter 8
PSAF – HARMO, Harmonic Analysis
Introduction
This chapter will highlight the analytical capabilities of the harmonic analysis
module PSAF-HARMO.
 “Study” dialog box: to set the study parameters such as global settings for
harmonic analysis, choice of network representation positive sequence or
three phase, system fundamental frequency, harmonic voltage distortion
thresholds and capacitor rating thresholds.
 “Solve” dialog box: to solve the network with the harmonic analysis
calculation engine.
respective icons on the PSAF ribbon menu as illustrated below.

To illustrate the analytical capabilities of PSAF-HARMO a small industrial system

with a harmonic generating source will be connected to the (9) bus base network.
Industrial system One-Line Diagram
The harmonic analysis will be carried out for the following two cases:
Case 1: Capacitor CAP-BANK STATUS is (ON)

Single Tuned Filter ST-FILTER STATUS is (OFF)
Case 2: Capacitor CAP-BANK STATUS is (OFF)

Single Tuned Filter ST-FILTER STATUS is (ON)

Harmonic Equipment Selection Tool Box

In addition to the standard equipment available in PSAF a Harmonic Equipment
Selection toolbox is provided in PSAF. This toolbox offers several additional
equipment, which may be connected to the network for the purpose of Harmonic
Analysis.
These include Branches, Filters and Current Sources. Of these, the Filters, Non-
Ideal Converter, Ideal Converter and the Arc Furnace are taken into account in
the power flow module PSAF-FLOW.
The Harmonic equipment has their own database entries and can be created as
detailed in Chapter 2. Also the GUI Interface as described in Chapter 3 will also
apply to these equipment.
Click on the button to display the Harmonic Equipment

Selection toolbox.

The following network equipment can be selected from the tool bar shown below:

Industrial System Network Data

The industrial system with a harmonic-generating source will be connected to the
(9) bus base network as follows:
 Addition of a new 13.8 kV load bus B10-TEN.
 Connection of this bus to bus B6-SIX of the base network through the
230/13.8 kV step down 20MVA fixed tap ( -Yg) transformer having an
impedance of 7% and an X/R ratio of 42.
 Connection of the industrial system to bus B10-TEN as shown below.
Equipment ID Status
Capacitor CAP-BANK ON
Single Tuned Filter ST-FILTER OFF

Bus Data
Bus ID Base kV Operating kV

B10-TEN 13.8 13.8
B11-ELEVEN 13.8 13.8
B12-TWELVE 4.16 4.16
B13-THIRTEEN 13.8 13.8
Cable Data
Cable ID From Bus To Bus R1 X1 R0 X0

C1 B10-TEN B11-ELEVEN 0.01543 0.01733 0.04629 0.05199
C2 B10-TEN B13-THIRTEEN 0.00400 0.00790 0.01240 0.02790
1) All cable impedance’s expressed in ohms per unit length.
2) The default cable model for harmonic analysis is series R-L.

Capacitor Data
Cap. ID To Bus MVAR Rating kV Rating MW Losses Connection

CAP-BANK B10-TEN 6.0 13.80 0.0 Yg
Load Data
Load ID To Bus MW MVAR Connection

L1 B13-THIRTEEN 12 9 Yg
L0 B12-TWELVE 5 0 Yg
1) The default load model for harmonic analysis is Parallel R-L (Yg).
Transformer Data
Transformer ID MVA From kV To kV Z1 X1/R1 Z0 X0/R0 Connection

TR-13.8-4.16 5 13.8 4.16 0.06 50 0.06 50 Yg - Yg

Harmonic Source Data
The harmonic generating current source will be considered to be a multiple

frequency current source (I0) connected to bus B12-TWELVE.
Multiple frequency current

source (I0) to represent the
harmonic currents generated
at all frequencies.
Harmonic Current Angle

Order in kA
5.00 0.19032 0.0
7.00 0.10743 180
11.0 0.03406 180
13.0 0.02226 0.0
17.0 0.01491 0.0
Harmonic current source (I0) data entry in PSAF-HARMO:
3
Enter the power absorbed
by this source at the 4
fundamental frequency. Click on the
For the purpose of this “Access DB”
tutorial example both P button.
and Q are set to zero.
1
 Click the Left Mouse button
once on the harmonic current
source symbol.
2  The selected symbol will be

outlined in color.
Enter the Phase
connections, which in our  Double – Click the Right
case is all 3-phases to Mouse button to display the
ground. harmonic current source data
entry dialog box.

5
Enter the current source (I0)
data as detailed in the
following table.
Harmonic Current Angle

Order in kA
5.00 0.19032 0.0
7.00 0.10743 180
11.0 0.03406 180
13.0 0.02226 0.0
17.0 0.01491 0.0
Save the New Network

Connect the industrial network to the (9) bus base network as detailed in the
Graphic User Interface Chapter 2 and save the resulting Study into the file
TRHARMO.STU.
This study file will now include the network data of both the (9) bus and industrial
system. It is important to note that the modified network will also be saved into
the file TRHARMO.NWT. Once the study file is loaded it will automatically display
the corresponding network file to insure consistency with the study data.
This study file does not yet include any Harmonic Analysis Study parameters.


For accurate calculations of harmonic distortion factors, a load flow solution file is
required to provide the bus voltage and line current profiles of the fundamental
frequency.
The fundamental voltage and current profiles of the network are either obtained
directly from PSAF-FLOW or via an external free formatted ASCII file.
1
Load the TRHARMO.STU
study file.
2
Select the power flow engine
and solve the network. The
Harmonic Analysis interface file
(*.FVI) of the fundamental
frequency voltage and current
profile of the network will
automatically be created.
This file will be used by PSAF-

HARMO when voltage and
current distortion analysis is
performed.

Harmonic Analysis Engine Selection
1
After solving the power flow
click on the and select the
Harmonic Analysis Option.

Harmonic Analysis Study Dialog

The next step is to set the Harmonic Analysis study parameters.
1
display the Harmonic Analysis
Study Dialog Box.
Title Tab
2
 Enter the description of your

study.
3
Click on the “Global
Study Settings” tab.

Global Study Settings Tab
Note: The Global Study Settings

is particularly useful for an initial
power quality assessment of the
electrical network. 4
Enter the Fundamental Frequency,
which by default is set to 60 Hz.
5
Select the type of analysis.
Three-phase analysis is
recommended.
6
The Global Settings tab allows
the user to over-rule the
choices of individual harmonic
models for loads, lines/cables,
motors etc.
As an example the default

individual line model is the
7 Nominal PI
Click on the “Distortion” Tab.
You could replace all the

Nominal PI line models with
the Distributed Parameter
model

Distortion Tab
8
 Enter the individual and total harmonic voltage distortion limits for
each kV level.   
Or
 Click on the button to set

the voltage distortion
limits defaults as per
IEEE 519-1992.
Note: Any bus that exceeds the

above distortion limits will be 9
highlighted in red on the network
OLD. Click on the “Capacitors
Rating” Tab

Capacitors Rating Tab
10
Specify the capacitor
overload thresholds or
select the defaults as per
IEEE 18-1992. 
11
Select the shunt capacitors including those
incorporated in filters to be included in the
tabular report. This report will be generated
when a Voltage and Current calculation is
Note: Any capacitor that exceeds
performed.
the above overload thresholds
will be highlighted in red on the
network OLD.
12
13 Click on the “OK” button
to confirm the harmonic
Re-save the resulting study into the file analysis study parameter
TRHARMO.STU. This study file will settings.
now include all the harmonic analysis
study parameters specified in step (1)
to (12) above.

Solving the Harmonic Analysis

Once the Harmonic Analysis Study parameters are set the next step is to solve
the network.
1
Click on the Solve Icon in the ribbon to display the Harmonic Analysis Solve
Dialog Box. Of the four analysis options available, the Impedance Scan and Voltage
and Current Analysis options will only be detailed in this tutorial.
Impedance Calculation
2
 Select the desired bus from the list box. 
3
Select the frequency
scan range.
 Click on symbol to select the bus.
or
 Select At Every Bus.
5
4 Once the Impedance analysis is complete click on the
next analysis option tab, which in our case will be the
Click on the “Solve” button. “Voltage and Current” analysis.

Voltage and Current Calculation
1
Select the option to monitor all
buses of the network.
2
Select the lines
or cables to be
monitored
3
Select the option to use
the PSAF-FLOW results
(PSAF.FVI file) for the
fundamental voltage and
current profile.
4
Click on the “Solve” button
5
Click on the “OK” button to launch the
CYMVIEW program and to plot the simulation
results for both the Impedance and
Voltage/Current analysis.

1
Select the desired analysis for plotting the
results. As an example select the 2
Impedance Scan analysis followed by the
selection of all the three phases of bus Select the variable (Y-axis) such as either
B10-TEN. the bus impedance or angle to be plotted
versus frequency (X-axis) in the Chart
Selector dialog box.
As an example if impedance is selected

then a choice of Impedance, Resistive or
Inductive magnitude are available.
3
Choices of analysis results are available such as: Select the next variable such as:
 Bus Impedance Scan Analysis  Bus B10-TEN Angle vs. frequency.

 Bus R / X Plots  Bus B10-TEN Voltage vs. time.
 Bus Distortion Analysis  (Voltage vs. Time)  Bus B10-TEN Voltage vs. frequency.
 Bus Distortion Analysis  (Voltage vs. Frequency)
 Line Distortion Analysis  (Current vs. Time) Once all variables of interest are
 Line Distortion Analysis  (Current vs. Frequency) selected click on the “Plot” button to
display all the selected charts.

Impedance of Bus B10-TEN is 8.59 

at the Resonance Frequency.
Since this is a balanced three-

phase network the Impedance plots
of all three phases A, B & C will
overlap.
Bus B10-TEN Angle plot indicates

Parallel Resonance (Angle = 0.0)
between 420 and 430 Hz.
Since this is a balanced three-

phase network the Angle plots of
all three phases A, B & C will
overlap.

Phase (A) Phase (B) Phase (C)
Note: Due to the presence of a Current Source generating harmonics at

around the resonance frequency the voltage waveforms are distorted.
A B C Voltages At the Fundamental Frequency (1 p.u.)
Voltage Harmonic content at Bus B10-TEN for the 5Th, 7th, 11th, 13Th, & 17Th.

Harmonic Analysis Solution
Once the Harmonic Analysis is completed the results will be updated on the One-
Line Diagram.
A “Monitor Dialog” can THD at bus B10-TEN is 4.72% which exceeds

be attached to B10-TEN the 4.0% limit specified for 13.8 kV buses in
to display the harmonic the study parameters.
distortion level for each
frequency.
Any bus that exceeds the

harmonic distortion limit in %
will be highlighted in red on
the OLD.
As can be noticed high

th th
contents of the 5 and 7
harmonic are present.

Harmonic Analysis Solution Units
1
Click on the “Unit” Icon in the ribbon to display the
Harmonic Analysis Reporting Units Dialog Box.
2
Click on the radio button of the desired choice of units.

Harmonic Analysis Result Reports
1
While the network is solved click on the show
reports icon of the ribbon. The following reports will be
generated.
Maximum Impedance magnitude of

Bus B10-TEN is 8.59  at the
Resonance Frequency.
This message confirms the conclusion

derived from the graphical results of bus
B10-TEN Impedance and Angle Plots.

Total Harmonic Distortion at bus B10-TEN is 4.72 % as displayed on the OLD
Capacitor report for each frequency

including fundamental and all harmonics.
Capacitor report for any

overloaded conditions.

Harmonic Analysis with the Single Tuned Filter (ON)
The following is a detailed step by step Harmonic Analysis for the following case
study:
Case 2: Capacitor CAP-BANK STATUS is (OFF)

Single Tuned Filter ST-FILTER STATUS is (ON)
Modifying the Network
Equipment ID Status
1 Capacitor
Single Tuned Filter
CAP-BANK
ST-FILTER
OFF
ON
Disconnect the capacitor and connect
the single tuned filter at bus B10-TEN.

Single Tuned Filter Data
1
Select the Single Tuned Filter (STF) with the mouse and double click with the right hand
mouse button to display the network data entry dialog box of the filter.
2
 Specify the Phase connections,
which in our case are all 3 phases
to ground.
 Filter parameters grayed out since

these values are calculated values
as will be detailed in the following
page.
 Enter the ground connection (Yg)

solidly grounded (Rg=Xg=0.0).
 Specify any unbalance in the filter

parameters, which in not the case
for our filter model.
 Once all of the network parameters

are specified click on the “Access
DB” button above. The STF
database entry dialog box will be
displayed on screen.

3
Enter the filter capacitor
nominal ratings, which
are the same as CAP-
BANK.
4
Click on the compute button to display the STF parameters database dialog box and to
calculate the R, L & C values of the filter.
The presence of a high

5th and 7th harmonic
content implies that the
filter has to be tuned at
the 5th harmonic.
A high Quality Factor

value of 999 implies low
losses. (I.e. a small (R)
value.)
5
Click on the “Compute” button and the calculated R, L, and C values will be
updated in the STF database and network dialog boxes.
= 0.06350 
= 3.36771 mH
= 83.5722 F

Solving the Harmonic Analysis
The Harmonic Analysis Study parameters do not need to be modified.
1
Click on the Solve Icon in the ribbon to display the Harmonic Analysis Solve
Dialog Box. Perform the Impedance Scan and Voltage / Current Analysis as outlined
for the case when the capacitor is switched (ON).
Once the analysis is complete the CYMVIEW program will be automatically

launched and plot the following:
System tuned away from the offending harmonic.

Impedance Plot of Bus B10-TEN with
the Capacitor bank (on) and ST-Filter
(off).
Impedance Plot of Bus B10-TEN with

the Capacitor bank (off) and ST-Filter
(on).

Phase (A) Phase (B) Phase (C)
Note: Due to the presence of the ST-Filter the distortion in the voltage
waveforms is significantly reduced.
A B C Voltages At the Fundamental Frequency (1 p.u.)
Voltage Harmonic content at Bus B10-TEN for the 5Th, 7th, 11th, 13Th, & 17th
is significantly reduced.

Harmonic Analysis Solution
Once the Harmonic Analysis is completed the results will be posted on the One-
Line Diagram.
THD at bus B10-TEN is reduced to 0.97% as

compared to 4.72% and is now well below the
specified threshold of 4.0% for 13.8 kV buses in
the study parameters.

Alternative Method
Using the built in series de-tuning reactor available in the capacitor model for the
de-tuning of the system.
The inductance L of the de-tuning reactor will be computed for you from the initial
and tuned resonant frequencies. The initial frequency is that frequency at which
the capacitor alone resonates with the network inductance. The tuned frequency
is the (lower) frequency to which the resonance is to be moved. Both are
expressed in per-unit of the nominal frequency. (Harmonic orders).

The tuned frequency is the (lower) frequency to which the

resonance is to be moved. In our network this is around
the fifth harmonic. This works out to be at hf = 4.1 for the
proper de-tuning of the 5Th harmonic
The initial frequency is that frequency at

which the capacitor alone resonates with
the network inductance. In our network
this is around the 7th harmonic.
Tuned resonant 5th harmonic frequency.

Hint: This frequency along with the
capacitor value can be used to compute
the value of the inductance L in mH.
Solving the network with this method will yield the same desired results at bus B10-TEN. The
THD is also reduced to 0.97% as compared to 4.72%.

CHAPTER 9
PSAF-FAULT / CYMTCC, Interface
Introduction
This chapter highlights the interface between the PSAF-FAULT (Short Circuit)
module and our Protective Device Coordination Program CYMTCC for windows.
This interface provides PSAF user’s with full access to the complete library of
over 4500 protective devices available in the CYMTCC program database.
 “Study” dialog box: to set the study parameters such as base MVA, system
frequency and short circuit current computation standards namely
Conventional, ANSI or IEC.
 “Solve” dialog box: to export the short circuit fault levels as calculated by
PSAF-FAULT, protective device settings, and One-Line diagram of the
selected feeder as entered in PSAF to CYMTCC.

To illustrate the analytical capabilities of the PSAF-FAULT / CYMTCC interface a

new 450 HP induction motor feeder will be connected to the industrial system
described in Chapter 8.
This new feeder will also include protective devices as detailed below.
 Protective Device:
 ID RL-1
 Electromechanical Relay
 Type Westinghouse CO-9
 Cable Type:
 15KV_2AWG_3C_SHIELDED_PAPER
ID R1 X1 R0 X0
C0 0.987 0.226 4.4 0.298
 ID FU-1
 Fuse
 Type S&C SMU40 SLO 14.4 KV
 Transformer:
ID MVA From kV To kV Z% X/R Connection

F0 2 13.8 0.48 5.8 50 Yg - Yg
 ID CB-1
 LVCB
 Type GE ECS
 Induction Motor
ID kV P.F Efficiency H.P

I0 0.48 0.85 90 450

The modified industrial system One-Line diagram with the 450 HP induction
motor feeder is shown below.
Save the New Network
Load the TRHARMO.STU study of Chapter 8 and connect this new feeder to bus
B10-TEN. Save the resulting Study into the file TRDEVICE.STU.
This study file will now include the network data of both the (9) bus and modified
industrial system. It is important to note that the modified network will also be
saved into the file TRDEVICE.NWT. Once the study file is loaded it will
automatically display the corresponding network file to insure consistency with
the study data.
This study file does not yet include any Protective Device Settings study
parameters.

Selection of Protective Devices
Once the additional network components are connected to the network the next
step is to specify the type of protective devices and corresponding settings. Each
device is associated with the equipment it is designed to protect.
Motor LVCB (CB-1) Selection
 Click the Left Mouse button once on the induction motor symbol.
 Double – Click the Right Mouse to display the induction motor data entry dialog box.
2
Click on the “Prot. Coordination” tab.

3
Click on the “New” button to select the protective device type and to
assign an ID.
 Select the protective device type  LVCB.
 Enter the device ID  CB-1.

 Select the LVCB characteristics.
4
Click on the “OK” button to confirm the selection.

5
Click on the “Open” button to access the device library of LVCB’s available in
CYMTCC.
6
 Select the desired LVCB  GE ECS
 Enter LVCB settings in their respective fields.
7
Click on the “Draw” button to confirm the LVCB
selection and entered settings.

 Use this button to

switch the device
OFF/ON.
 The LVCB type and settings are now
displayed in the dialog box.
8
Click on the “OK” button to confirm the selection. The LVCB (CB-1) is
now displayed on the One-Line Diagram.

Transformer Fuse (FU-1) Selection
 Click the Left Mouse button once on the transformer symbol.

 Double – Click the Right Mouse to display the transformer data entry dialog box.
2

3
Click on the “New” button to select the upstream protective device type
and to assign an ID.
 Select the protective device type  Fuse.
 Enter the Fuse ID  FU-1.
4
Click on the “OK” button to confirm the
selection.

5
Click on the “Open” button to access the device library of Fuse’s available in
CYMTCC.
6
 Select the Fuse  S&C SMU40 SLO14.4KV
 Select the rating of the Fuse  100E
7
Click on the “Draw” button to confirm the Fuse selection
and rating.


switch the device
OFF/ON.
 The Fuse type and rating are now

8
Click on the “OK” button to confirm the selection. The Fuse (FU-1) is

Cable Relay (RL-1) Selection
 Click the Left Mouse button once on the cable symbol.

 Double – Click the Right Mouse to display the cable data entry dialog box.
2

3
Click on the “New” button to select the upstream protective device type
and to assign an ID.
 Select the protective device type  Relay.
 Enter the Relay ID  RL-1.
4
Click on the “OK” button to confirm the
selection.

5
Click on the “Open” button to access the device library of Relay’s available in
CYMTCC.
6
 Select the Relay  WEST CO-9
 Enter Relay settings in their respective fields.
7
Click on the “Draw” button to confirm the Relay
selection and settings.


switch the device
OFF/ON.
 The Relay type and settings are now

8
Click on the “OK” button to confirm the selection. The Relay (RL-1) is

PSAF-FAULT / CYMTCC Interface Engine Selection
1
the CYMTCC Interface
Analysis Option.
OLD of Motor Feeder

with protective devices. 

PSAF-FAULT / CYMTCC Interface Study Dialog
The next step is to set the PSAF-FAULT / CYMTCC study parameters.
1
Click on the “Study” Icon to display
the PASF-FAULT / CYMTCC Study
Dialog Box.
Title Tab
2

study.
3
Click on the “Parameters” tab.

Parameters Tab
4
Select the standard for the fault current
5
calculations.
Click on the “OK” button to
confirm the selection of the
Three choices are available:
study parameters.
 Conventional Analysis (No standard applied).
 ANSI Conformable
 IEC Conformable
The calculated short circuit levels will serve as input

data to the CYMTCC program for the proper
coordination of protective devices.

Re-Save the Study
Save the resulting Study into the file TRDEVICE.STU. This study file will now
include all the PSAF-FAULT / CYMTCC interface study parameters.
This study file will also include the network data of the (9) bus system and the
industrial system with the 450 HP Induction Motor feeder. It is important to note
that the modified network will also be saved into the file TRDEVICE.NWT. Once
the study file is loaded it will automatically display the corresponding network file
to insure consistency with the study data.
Solving the PSAF-FAULT / CYMTCC Interface Option
Selection of the Feeder Coordination Path
1
Before you begin any device coordination, you need to define the
coordination path (feeder) on the One-Line Diagram of PSAF.
Protective devices are linked to network components, which in turn
define the feeder.
You can select all the network components within a feeder, via
“multiple select” as shown below. Just make sure that the order of
selection respects your downstream to upstream hierarchy.
The Cordination path is as follows:
I0  B15-FIFTEEN  F0  B14-FOURTEEN  C0  B10-TEN
 Press and hold down the ‘Shift’ key.
 Select the first down stream equipment (Induction Motor I0) or

bus of the feeder by clicking on it with the left hand mouse
button.
 Select the next network element (bus B15-FIFTEEN) and

continue until the last upstream equipment (bus B10-TEN) is
selected.
 All the selected equipment will be highlighted in color for

easier reference.

Interface to CYMTCC
2
Click on the Solve Icon in the ribbon to display
PSAF-FAULT / CYMTCC solve Dialog Box.
3
Click on this option if the short circuit currents
calculated by PSAF-FAULT are to be transferred
to CYMTCC along with the device settings of the
feeder.
4
 Click on the “Go!” button to transfer the feeder coordination
path and the protective device settings to CYMTCC.
 This activity will also launch the CYMTCC program to edit any
device settings that may be necessary.

CYMTCC, Editing Device Settings
1
The CYMTCC program will automatically display:
 The Time / Current curves and  The Feeder One-Line Diagram

2
In the following example we will modify the rating of the Fuse (FU1) and Instantaneous
multiplier setting of the LVCB (CB-1).
 Double-click the right mouse button on the Fuse (FU-1) symbol.
 Change FU-1 rating to 80E.
 Click on the draw button to

generate the Fuse curve with
the modified rating.
 Next Double-click the right mouse button on the LVCB (CB-1) symbol.
 Change the Instantaneous multiplier

setting of CB-1 to 8.0.
 Click on the draw button to generate

the LVCB curve with the modified
instantaneous multiplier setting.

3
The new device settings will be automatically updated in PSAF as shown below:
 Go back to the PSAF program One-Line Diagram.
 Double-click the right mouse button on the Transformer (F0) symbol to access the
protective device data entry tab.
 The Fuse (FU-1) rating is now

updated to 80E instead of 100E.
 Next Double-click the right mouse button on the Induction Motor (I0) symbol to access the
protective device data entry tab.
 The Instantaneous multiplier

setting of CB-1 is now updated
to 8.0 instead of 10.0.

Time/Current Curves Generated by CYMTCC
The Time / Current curves for the protective devices with the new rating of Fuse (FU-1) and
modified Instantaneous multiplier setting of LVCB (CB-1) are shown below.
Current in Amperes: x 10 at 13.8 kV, x 287.500 at 0.48 kV and x 9.200 at 15 kV.

1000
4-Transformer
Z=5.8 %
P=2000 kVA
13.8 kV
FLA=83.67 A
100
8-Relay WEST CO-9

TapRange:[-] Tap:- TD: 4
Pick Up:960 A 13.8 kV
2-LVCB GE ECS CT: 1:1
Sen:800 LTM:0.900 LTB:2
INST: 8.000
10
7-Cable
2/0 AWG (AL)
BARE ALUMINIUM
(1/phase) 15kV
1-Motor Starting
Full Load:558.8 A
Time in Seconds
Locked Rotor:3287.2 A
Acc. time:6.00 sec
1
B10-TEN
51
8
RL-1
1:1
7
C0
5-Fuse
S&C SMU40 SLO 14.4KV
B14-FOURTEEN 80E A
13.8 kV
5
FU-1
.1
4
2000 F0
kVA
B15-FIFTEEN
2
CB-1
1
450 I0
M hp
.01
.5 1 10 100 1000 10000
PSAF-FAULT / CYMTCC Interface TIME CURRENT CHARACTERISTIC CURVES

BY: CYME International Inc.
NO:
PLOTTING VOLTAGE: 13.8 kV DATE: 4-26-2000



Psafdemo

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Psafdemo

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

PSAF (2.

60) for Windows

All Rights Reserved

CYME INTERNATIONAL INC. makes no warranty, either expressed or implied,

The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement.

CYME INTERNATIONAL INC.

International and Canada:

PSAF TUTORIAL - TABLE OF CONTENTS

PSAF TUTORIAL - TABLE OF CONTENTS

 Short Circuit Solution 82

PSAF TUTORIAL - TABLE OF CONTENTS

 Harmonic Equipment Selection Tool Box 131

PSAF TUTORIAL - TABLE OF CONTENTS

Purpose of this Tutorial Manual

PSAF-FLOW, Load Flow

And the PSAF Companion Program

CYMVIEW, The Graphical Plot Program

PSAF TUTORIAL - Chapter 1 1

Format of Each Study

2 PSAF TUTORIAL - Chapter 1

One-line diagram of the Network

One-Line Diagram of Training Network

PSAF TUTORIAL - Chapter 1 3

4 PSAF TUTORIAL - Chapter 1

Network Database Preparation

1. Accepting nameplate quantities for most devices.

PSAF TUTORIAL - Chapter 2 5

How to create the Database for the (9) Bus Network

Analysis Option Selection

Equipment selection toolbox.

One Line Diagram

Graphic editor toolbox.

Message and Error Window

6 PSAF TUTORIAL - Chapter 2

PSAF TUTORIAL - Chapter 2 7

Transmission Line Database

Transmission Line Tower Layout

Transmission Line Tower Layout

8 PSAF TUTORIAL - Chapter 2

The conductor data is detailed in the following table:

Conductor ID Resistance GMR Radius

1) Conductor resistance is expressed in ohms/Km

2) GMR for a cylindrical conductor is computed as follows:

GMR = 0.7788 * radius (cm)

Transmission Line Data Entry in PSAF

PSAF TUTORIAL - Chapter 2 9

NOTE: The limit in Amp’s is used by PSAF-FLOW to highlight in red on

10 PSAF TUTORIAL - Chapter 2

PSAF TUTORIAL - Chapter 2 11

Transformer ID MVA FROM kV TO kV Z1 X1/R1 Z0 X0/R0

1) All impedance’s expressed in p.u. of nominal rating

12 PSAF TUTORIAL - Chapter 2

MVA FROM kV TO kV Z1 X1/R1 Z0 X0/R0

NOTE: The MVA loading limit is used by PSAF-FLOW to highlight in red

PSAF TUTORIAL - Chapter 2 13

Gen # KV MVA Xd R'd X'd R"d X"d R0 X0

1) All impedance’s expressed in p.u. of nominal rating

Generator Control Settings

Gen # Type Control Voltage P Gen. Q Max Q Min

1) All Generators are controlling the voltage of their respective buses.

Generator Data Entry in PSAF

14 PSAF TUTORIAL - Chapter 2

kV MVA Rd Xd R'd X'd R"d X"d R0 X0