SECTION FORMULA

INTERNAL DIVISION

Let A and B be two points with position vectors

and

respectively, and C be a point dividing AB

internally in the ratio m : n. Then the position vector of C is given by

Proof: Let O be the origin. The , let be the position vector of C which divides AB internally in the ratio m : n then, AC/CB = m/n => => n. n(P.V. of P.V. of ) = m(P.V. of P.V. of )

EXTERNAL DIVISION

Let A and B be two points with position vectors and respectively and let C be a point dividing externally in the ratio m : n. Then the position vector of is given by.

Note:

(i)

If C is the midpoint of AB, then P.V. of C is

(ii) where, = (iii)

We have, = n/m+n and + where

. Hence

is in the form of on

= m/m+n. Thus, position vector of any point + = 1.

can always be taken as

If circumcentre is origin and vertices of a triangle have position vectors ).

, then the position

vector of orthocentre will be (

Solved Example1: ABC is a triangle. A line is drawn parallel to BC to meet AB and AC in D and E respectively. Prove that the median through A bisects DE. Solution: Take the vertex A of the triangle ABC as the origin. Let and be the p.v. of B

and C. The mid point of BC has the p.v. = divide AB in the ratio 1:

The equation of the median is

. Let D

=> p.v. of

. Let E divide AC in the ratio 1:

=> p.v. E the median. Hence the median bisects DE.

= . p.v. of the mid-point of DE =

which lies on

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