BOSSGNU/LinuxUserManual Version4.

Table of Contents 1.Introduction.............................................................................................................................................7 1.1 What is BOSS GNU/Linux?...........................................................................................................7 1.1.1 INSTALL .............................................................................................................................. 7 1.1.2 BOSS Live..............................................................................................................................8 1.1.3 UTILITY ................................................................................................................................8 1.1.4 BOSS GNU/Linux Components.............................................................................................8 1.2 BOSS GNU/Linux Licensing.........................................................................................................9 1.2.1 The BOSS Free & Open Source Software Guidelines ....................................................... 10 2.Installation Steps...................................................................................................................................12 2.1 Before You Begin.........................................................................................................................12 2.1.1 System Requirements........................................................................................................... 12 2.1.2 Overview of the Installation Process.................................................................................... 12 2.1.3 Back Up Your Existing Data!............................................................................................... 14 2.2 Beginning the Installation............................................................................................................ 14 2.3 Language Selection...................................................................................................................... 15 2.4 Country Selection ........................................................................................................................16 2.5 Keyboard Configuration...............................................................................................................17 2.6 Network Configuration.................................................................................................................17 2.7 Disk Partitioning Setup................................................................................................................ 20 2.8 Installing the Base System........................................................................................................... 51 2.9 Set the Root Password..................................................................................................................51 2.10 Create User Account ..................................................................................................................53 2.11 Software Selection......................................................................................................................55 2.12 Samba Server..............................................................................................................................56 3.GNOME Desktop..................................................................................................................................57 3.1 Logging In and Selecting a Desktop............................................................................................ 57 3.1.1 Locking Your Screen............................................................................................................ 57 3.2 Logging Out................................................................................................................................. 57 3.3 Desktop Components................................................................................................................... 58 3.3.1 Desktop Icons....................................................................................................................... 58 3.3.2 Panel..................................................................................................................................... 59 3.4 Handling Removable Media.........................................................................................................60 3.4.1 Removing Media Safely....................................................................................................... 60 3.5 Managing Trash ...........................................................................................................................61 3.6 Managing Folders and Files with Nautilus...................................................................................61 3.6.1 File Manager Functionality...................................................................................................62 3.6.2 File Manager Presentation....................................................................................................62 3.6.3 File Browser Window Components......................................................................................63 3.6.4 Searching For Files...............................................................................................................65 3.6.5 Using Views to Display Your Files and Folders...................................................................67 3.6.6 Moving a File or Folder........................................................................................................67 3.6.7 Copying a File or Folder.......................................................................................................67 3.6.8 Duplicating a File or Folder..................................................................................................68
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3.6.9 Creating a Folder.................................................................................................................. 68 3.6.10 Renaming a File or Folder..................................................................................................69 3.6.11 Moving a File or Folder to Trash........................................................................................69 3.6.12 Deleting a File or Folder.....................................................................................................69 3.6.13 Creating a Symbolic Link to a File or Folder .......................................................70 3.6.14 File Permissions..................................................................................................................70 3.6.15 Changing Permissions........................................................................................................ 71 3.6.16 Writing CDs or DVDs........................................................................................................ 72 3.6.17 Accessing a Remote Server................................................................................................ 73 3.7 Finding Data on your Computer...................................................................................................74 3.7.1 To Perform a Basic Search....................................................................................................74 3.7.2 To Add Search Options.........................................................................................................75 3.7.3 To Stop a Search...................................................................................................................75 3.7.4 To Open a Displayed File..................................................................................................... 75 3.7.5 To Delete a Displayed File....................................................................................................75 3.7.6 To Save the Search Results...................................................................................................76 4.Customizing Desktop Settings..............................................................................................................77 4.1 Changing Individual Desktop Elements ......................................................................................77 4.1.1 Creating New Desktop Objects ........................................................................................... 77 4.1.2 Changing Panel Elements......................................................................................................77 4.2 Changing the Desktop Settings.................................................................................................... 78 4.2.1 Changing the Desktop Background......................................................................................78 4.2.2 Changing the Desktop Font.................................................................................................. 78 4.2.3 Changing the Desktop Theme.............................................................................................. 79 4.2.4 Changing the Screen Saver...................................................................................................80 4.3 gDesklets......................................................................................................................................80 5.Linux Basics with BOSS GNU/Linux.................................................................................................. 82 5.1 Opening a Shell Prompt............................................................................................................... 82 5.2 Create a New User.......................................................................................................................83 5.3 Documentation for Linux Commands..........................................................................................84 6.Networking ...........................................................................................................................................85 6.1 Networking through Ethernet.......................................................................................................85 6.2 Setting up Broadband Internet connection in BOSS....................................................................86 6.3 Wireless Connection.....................................................................................................................89 7.Hardware Configurations......................................................................................................................91 7.1 Printers..........................................................................................................................................91 7.2 Scanner Usage.............................................................................................................................. 94 7.3 USB.............................................................................................................................................. 95 7.4 Webcam, Digital Camera..............................................................................................................95 7.5 Bluetooth Support.........................................................................................................................95 8.BharateeyaOO.......................................................................................................................................99 8.1 The OpenOffice.org Application Modules ................................................................................100 8.2 Word Processing with Writer .....................................................................................................100 8.3 Using Spreadsheets with Calc....................................................................................................102 3

8.4 Using Presentations with Impress.............................................................................................. 104 8.5 Using Databases with Base ....................................................................................................... 106 9.SCIM & OnScreen Keyboard............................................................................................................. 110 9.1 SCIM.......................................................................................................................................... 110 9.2 OnScreen Keyboard....................................................................................................................113 10.Internet.............................................................................................................................................. 116 10.1 Browsing with Iceweasel..........................................................................................................116 10.1.1 Tabbed Browsing.............................................................................................................. 116 10.1.2 Using the Sidebar..............................................................................................................117 10.1.3 Finding Information..........................................................................................................117 10.1.3.1 Finding Information on the Web............................................................................... 117 10.1.3.2 Searching in the Current Page...................................................................................117 10.1.4 Managing Bookmarks.......................................................................................................118 10.1.4.1 Using the Bookmark Manager.................................................................................. 118 10.1.4.2 Importing Bookmarks from Other Browsers............................................................ 118 10.1.4.3 Live Bookmarks........................................................................................................118 10.1.5 Using the Download Manager.......................................................................................... 119 10.1.6 Adding Smart Keywords to Your Online Searches...........................................................119 10.1.7 Printing from Iceweasel....................................................................................................120 10.2 Mail Client................................................................................................................................120 10.2.1 Icedove..............................................................................................................................120 10.3 Pidgin Internet Messenger........................................................................................................125 10.4 XChat IRC................................................................................................................................128 10.5 Dictionary.................................................................................................................................130 10.6 Remmina Remote Desktop Client............................................................................................133 10.7 Ekiga Sofphone........................................................................................................................ 135 10.7.1 Ekiga account creation.....................................................................................................135 10.8 Liferea- Desktop News Aggregator..........................................................................................136 10.8.1 Subscribe Feed..................................................................................................................137 10.8.2 Searching Feed Content....................................................................................................138 Searching for Feed Content..................................................................................................... 138 Permanent Searches with Search Folders................................................................................ 138 10.9 Transmission Bit Torrent Client............................................................................................... 139 10.10 Firestarter................................................................................................................................140 11.Graphics............................................................................................................................................ 143 11.1 Document Viewer.....................................................................................................................143 11.2 F-Spot Photo Manager..............................................................................................................145 11.2.1 Organizing your photos.................................................................................................... 145 11.2.2 Enjoying your photos........................................................................................................149 11.2.3 Sharing your photos..........................................................................................................149 11.3 Image Viewer............................................................................................................................150 11.3.1 Viewing Images................................................................................................................ 150 11.3.2 Manipulating Images........................................................................................................ 151 11.3.3 Viewing the Image Properties...........................................................................................151 4

11.3.4 Printing Images.................................................................................................................151 11.3.5 Slide Show........................................................................................................................152 12.Organize your Calendar, Timetable and Booklets............................................................................ 153 12.1 The Calendar............................................................................................................................ 153 12.2 The To-do list............................................................................................................................154 12.3 The Timetable...........................................................................................................................156 12.4 The Booklet.............................................................................................................................. 157 12.5 Printing..................................................................................................................................... 158 12.6 The Settings dialog...................................................................................................................158 12.7 Saving between storing modes.................................................................................................163 13.Special Purpose Tools....................................................................................................................... 164 13.1 Migration Tool..........................................................................................................................164 13.2 BOSS Presentation Tool...........................................................................................................167 14.Playing Music and Movies................................................................................................................175 14.1 Banshee Music Player..............................................................................................................175 14.1.1 Importing Music .............................................................................................................. 175 14.1.2 Podcasts ........................................................................................................................... 175 14.1.3 Playing Audio CDs...........................................................................................................176 14.1.4 Importing/Ripping Audio CDs......................................................................................... 176 14.2 Movie Player............................................................................................................................ 177 14.2.1 Opening a File...................................................................................................................178 14.2.2 Opening a Location...........................................................................................................179 14.2.3 Play a Movie (DVD or CD)..............................................................................................179 14.2.4 Eject a DVD or CD...........................................................................................................179 14.2.5 Pause a Movie or Song..................................................................................................... 179 14.2.6 View Properties of a Movie or Song.................................................................................179 14.2.7 Adjusting the Volume........................................................................................................180 14.2.8 Make Window Always On Top.........................................................................................180 14.2.9 Repeat Mode.....................................................................................................................180 14.2.10 Shuffle Mode.................................................................................................................. 180 14.2.11 PlayList...........................................................................................................................180 14.3 Sound Recorder........................................................................................................................ 181 14.3.1 Recording..........................................................................................................................181 14.3.2 Playing a Sound File.........................................................................................................182 14.4 Restricted Formats ...................................................................................................................182 14.5 Audio CD Extractor..................................................................................................................183 14.5.1 Entering Track Data..........................................................................................................184 14.5.2 Extracting and Playing......................................................................................................184 14.6 Cheese Webcam Booth.............................................................................................................185 14.7 Video Streaming.......................................................................................................................188 15.BOSS Security.................................................................................................................................. 192 15.1 Enabling Security Features.......................................................................................................195 15.2 Disabling Security Features......................................................................................................208 15.3 Customized Security Features..................................................................................................214 5

16.Burning CDs and DVDs................................................................................................................... 217 16.1 Creating a Data CD or DVD.................................................................................................... 217 16.2 Creating an Audio CD.............................................................................................................. 218 16.3 Copying a Data or Audio CD or DVD..................................................................................... 219 16.4 Blank a CD-RW........................................................................................................................219 16.5 Burn an ISO Image...................................................................................................................220 17.Partition Editor..................................................................................................................................221 18.Changing the name of Applications in BOSS...................................................................................223 18.1 Changing the name of main menu............................................................................................223 18.2 Changing the name of sub menu.............................................................................................. 224 19.How to install ANYTHING in BOSS !!.......................................................................................... 226 19.1 Synaptic Package Manager...................................................................................................... 226 19.2 Where is my Binary File ?........................................................................................................229 20.About BOSS Live............................................................................................................................. 230 21.About Utility .................................................................................................................................... 231 22.Troubleshooting BOSS GNU/Linux................................................................................................. 233 22.1 Forgotten User Password..........................................................................................................233 22.2 Error Messages during installation of deb packages................................................................233 22.3 Font Installation........................................................................................................................234 22.4 Grub Recovery ........................................................................................................................ 234 23.Conclusion........................................................................................................................................ 236 23.1 About CDAC............................................................................................................................236 23.2 About NRCFOSS..................................................................................................................... 236 23.3 Contact Us................................................................................................................................ 237 23.4 BOSS Support Centres............................................................................................................. 237

1. Introduction
WearedelightedthatyouhavedecidedtotryBOSSGNU/Linux,andaresurethatyouwill find that BOSS GNU/Linux distribution is unique. BOSS GNU/Linux brings together high qualityfreesoftwarefromaroundtheworld,integratingitintoacoherentwhole.Webelieve thatyouwillfindthattheresultistrulymorethanthesumoftheparts.Weunderstandthat manyofyouwanttoinstallBOSSGNU/Linuxwithoutreadingthismanual,andtheDebian Installerisdesignedtomakethispossible.

1.1 WhatisBOSSGNU/Linux?
BOSS comes with a set of features which are relevant to primary and secondary school environment.BOSSisaGNU/Linuxdistribution,developedbyCDAC,toprovideacomplete usableOperatingSystemconsisting ofGUIsandconsoleapplicationsforroutinetasksand additionalutilitieswhichareusefulforteaching/learninginschools. BOSSDVDpackconsistsof3sections.TheInstallsectionwhichgivesyouaBOSSDesktopin yoursystem,aLivesectionwhichallowsyoutotryBOSSwithoutinstallingontheHardDisk andwithoutdisturbingyourexistingOSandtheUtilitysectionwhichhassomeoftheextra packageslikeOpenOfficefonts,Apachewebserver,scriptinglanguagesetc.Youcangetmore detailsaboutBOSSDVDsandtheirfunctionalityinourwebsitehttp://www.bosslinux.in

1.1.1

INSTALL

ToinstallBOSS,youneedtohaveaminimumof5.0GBofharddiskspace,512MBofRAM andaDVDROMdrive.InserttheBOSSGNU/LinuxDVDintothedrive,restartyourcomputer andbootfromDVDbyeditingtheBIOSsetup.TheBOSSscreenappearswiththreeoptions: 1) StartBOSSLive 2) InstallBOSSGraphical 3) InstallBOSSTextMode TouseBOSSLiveselecttheStartBOSSLiveoption. Youcanproceedwiththedefaultinstallationbyclicking InstallBOSSGraphical or Install BOSSTextMode.Thedetailsabouttheinstallationoptionsandscreenshotscanalsobefound atBOSSGNU/Linuxwebsitehttp://www.bosslinux.in.

1.1.2

BOSSLive

BOSSLiveisaGNU/LinuxdistributionthatbootsandrunscompletelyfromDVD.Itincludes recentlinuxsoftwareanddesktopenvironments,withprogramssuchasOpenOffice.org,GIMP , Iceweasel,Pidgin,Totemandhundredsofotherqualityopensourceprograms.Italsoincludes documentconverter,Presentationtool,bluetoothdevicesupportandInputmethodforIndian Languages.

UsingLiveoptionyoucantestEduBOSSbeforeinstallingitonyourharddisk. LaterProceedwithInstallation

1.1.3

UTILITY

The DVD consists of workstation related packages, like Apache webserver, egroupware collaborationtool,Openofficefontsandsomeotherlanguagefontsetc.,Youcanfindoutthe usageoftheUtilitybelow.ThisBOSSUtilitydiscorAddondisccontainsthepackagesrelated toworkstation. UsageofUtility: 1.InserttheDVD,makesureitmountsproperly. 2.ClickBOSSUtilitiesmenuitemfromSystem>Administrationmenu. 3.Continuewithinstructionsprovided. 4.GothroughtheREADMEfileavailableinDVD.

1.1.4

BOSSGNU/LinuxComponents

1.Kernel2.6.323486 2.IceweaselWebBrowser 3.PidginInternetMessenger 4.IcedoveMailClient 5.GcomprisEducationalgamesforsmallchildren 6.ChildsplaySuiteofeducationalgamesforyoungchildren 7.KlettresAnapplicationthathelpskidstolearnalphabets 8.Tuxtypeatypingtutor

9.TuxPaintapaintprogramforyoungchildren 10.TuxMathmathgameforkidswithTux 11.Dr.Geoaninteractivegeometrysoftware 12.eLearningToolexe 13.OrganiserTocreateTodolist,timetableandthebooklets. 14.TimeTrackerAppletTotrackthedaytodayactivities 15.DemonstartionsandexercisesonTrignometry,dispersionoflightetc., 16.gmultMultiplicationPuzzle 17.BharateeyaOO 18.BOSSPresentationTool 19.BulkDocumentConverter 20.TotemMoviePlayer 21.BansheeMusicPlayer 22.gThumbImageviewer 23.FspotPersonalphotomanagementapplication 24.XSaneImagescanningprogram 25.K3b 26.SCIMSmartCommonInputMethod 27.gDesklets 28.DocumentViewer 29.PartitionEditor 30.XChatInternetRelayChat 31.SynapticPackageManager 32.UnitConverterconvertbetweenvariousunits. 33.GNOMEDo 34.RemminaRemoteDesktopClient 35.TransmissionBitTorrentClient

1.2 BOSSGNU/LinuxLicensing
BOSSGNU/LinuxisacollectionofmanycomputerprogramsanddocumentscreatedbyBOSS 9

Team.Eachoftheseworksmightcomeunderadifferentlicense.OurLicensePolicydescribe theprocessthatwefollowindeterminingwhichsoftwarewewillshipbydefaultontheBOSS Install,LiveandUtility. TheBOSSteamiscommittedtoFreeandOpenSourceSoftware.Theworldisabetterplaceif youhavethesourcecodetoallthesoftwareonyourcomputer,andtherighttousethatsource codeinconstructiveways. WewouldinviteyoutoreadmoreaboutourFreeSoftwarePhilosophyandhelptoshapethis policyfurther. CategoriesofsoftwareinBOSSGNU/Linux WeorganizethethousandsofsoftwarepackagesavailableforBOSSGNU/Linuxintothreekey components:main,contrib,nonfree.Softwareispublishedinoneofthosecomponentsbased onwhetherornotitmeetsourFreeSoftwarePhilosophy,andthelevelofsupportwecan provideforit.Thispolicyreallyaddressesthesoftwarethatyouwillfindinmainandnonfree. ThosecomponentscontainsoftwarethatisfullysupportedbytheBOSSteamandmustcomply withthispolicy. AllsoftwareinBOSSmainandnonfreemustbelicensedinawaythatiscompatiblewithour licensepolicy.Therearemanydefinitionsof"free"andfreesoftwaresowehaveincludedour ownsetofguidelines,listedbelow. BOSSGNU/Linux"main"ComponentLicensePolicy AllapplicationsoftwareincludedintheBOSSGNU/Linuxmaincomponent: Mustincludesourcecode.Themaincomponenthasastrictandnonnegotiablerequirement thatapplicationsoftwareincludedinitmustcomewithfullsourcecode. Mustallowmodificationanddistributionofmodifiedcopiesunderthesamelicense.Just havingthesourcecodedoesnotconveythesamefreedomashavingtherighttochangeit. Without the ability to modify software, the BOSS community cannot support software, fix bugs,translateitorimproveit.

1.2.1

TheBOSSFree&OpenSourceSoftwareGuidelines

1.FreeRedistribution ThelicenseofaBOSSGNU/Linuxcomponentmaynotrestrictanypartyfromsellingorgiving awaythesoftwareasacomponentofanaggregatesoftwaredistributioncontainingprograms fromseveraldifferentsources.Thelicensemaynotrequirearoyaltyorotherfeeforsuchsale. 2.SourceCode Theprogrammustincludesourcecode,andmustallowdistributioninsourcecodeaswellas 10

compiledform. 3.DerivedWorks The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be distributedunderthesametermsasthelicenseoftheoriginalsoftware. 4.IntegrityofTheAuthor'sSourceCode Thelicensemayrestrictsourcecodefrombeingdistributedinmodifiedform_only_ifthe license allows the distribution of "patch files" with the source code for the purpose of modifying the program at build time. The license must explicitly permit distribution of softwarebuiltfrommodifiedsourcecode.Thelicensemayrequirederivedworkstocarrya differentnameorversionnumberfromtheoriginalsoftware.(Thisisacompromise.TheBOSS groupencouragesallauthorsnottorestrictanyfiles,sourceorbinary,frombeingmodified.) 5.NoDiscriminationAgainstPersonsorGroups Thelicensemustnotdiscriminateagainstanypersonorgroupofpersons. 6.NoDiscriminationAgainstFieldsofEndeavor Thelicensemustnotrestrictanyonefrommakinguseoftheprograminaspecificfieldof endeavor.Forexample,itmaynotrestricttheprogramfrombeingusedinabusiness,orfrom beingusedforgeneticresearch. 7.DistributionofLicense Therightsattachedtotheprogrammustapplytoalltowhomtheprogramisredistributed withouttheneedforexecutionofanadditionallicensebythoseparties. 8.LicenseMustNotBeSpecifictoBOSSGNU/Linux Therightsattachedtotheprogrammustnotdependontheprogram'sbeingpartofaBOSS GNU/Linuxsystem.IftheprogramisextractedfromBOSSGNU/Linuxandusedordistributed withoutBOSSGNU/Linuxbutotherwisewithinthetermsoftheprogram'slicense,allparties towhomtheprogramisredistributedshouldhavethesamerightsasthosethataregrantedin conjunctionwiththeBOSSsystem. 9.LicenseMustNotContaminateOtherSoftware Thelicensemustnotplacerestrictionsonothersoftwarethatisdistributedalongwiththe licensedsoftware.Forexample,thelicensemustnotinsistthatallotherprogramsdistributed onthesamemediummustbefreesoftware. 10.ExampleLicenses The"GPL","BSD",and"Artistic"licensesareexamplesoflicensesthatweconsider"free".

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2. InstallationSteps
ThismanualhelpsyoutoinstallBOSSGNU/Linuxondesktopsandlaptops.Theinstallation systemisflexibleenoughtouseevenifyouhavenopreviousknowledgeofLinuxorcomputer networks. If you select default options, BOSS GNU/Linux provides a complete desktop operatingsystem,includingproductivityapplications,Internetutilities,anddesktoptools. Thisdocumentdoesnotdetailallofthefeaturesoftheinstallationsystem.Ifyouwantthe complete details of the features during installation please check our BOSS website at http://www.bosslinux.in

2.1 BeforeYouBegin 2.1.1

SystemRequirements

BOSSGNU/Linuxdoesnotimposehardwarerequirementsbeyondtherequirementsofthe LinuxkernelandtheGNUtoolsets.Therefore,anyarchitectureorplatformtowhichtheLinux kernel,libc,gcc,etc.havebeenported,canrunBOSSGNU/Linux.ToinstallBOSSGNU/Linux you need very minimum system configurations. The hardware requirement details are as follows: HardDisk5.0GB(unpartitionedspace) RAM512MB DVDROMdrive To install BOSS GNU/Linux from disc, you need the installation DVD, currently, BOSS GNU/Linux supports the i386, ppc, and x86_64 architectures. These architectures are describedbelow: i386 Intel x86compatible processors, including Intel Pentium and PentiumMMX, Pentium Pro, PentiumII,PentiumIII,Celeron,Pentium4,andXeon;VIAC3/C3mandEden/EdenN;and AMDAthlon,AthlonXP ,Duron,AthlonMP ,andSempron x86_64 64bitAMDprocessorssuchasAthlon64,Turion64,Opteron;andIntel64bitprocessorssuch asEM64T

2.1.2

OverviewoftheInstallationProcess

First, just a note about reinstallations. With BOSS GNU/Linux, a circumstance that will 12

requireacompletereinstallationofyoursystemisveryrare;perhapsmechanicalfailureofthe harddiskwouldbethemostcommoncase.Manycommonoperatingsystemsmayrequirea completeinstallationtobeperformedwhencriticalfailurestakeplaceorforupgradestonew OSversions.Evenifacompletelynewinstallationisn'trequired,oftentheprogramsyouuse mustbereinstalledtooperateproperlyinthenewOS.UnderBOSSGNU/Linux,itismuch morelikelythatyourOScanberepairedratherthanreplacedifthingsgowrong.Upgrades neverrequireawholesaleinstallation;youcanalwaysupgradeinplace.Andtheprogramsare almost always compatible with successive OS releases. If a new program version requires newersupportingsoftware,theBOSSpackagingsystemensuresthatallthenecessarysoftware isautomaticallyidentifiedandinstalled.Thepointis,muchefforthasbeenputintoavoiding theneedforreinstallation,sothinkofitasyourverylastoption.Theinstallerisnotdesigned toreinstalloveranexistingsystem.Here'saroadmapforthestepsyouwilltakeduringthe installationprocess. 4. Backupanyexistingdataordocumentsontheharddiskwhereyouplantoinstall. 5. Gather information about your computer and any needed documentation, before startingtheinstallation. 6. CreatepartitiontablespaceforBOSSonyourharddisk. 4. SetupthefirstbootdrivetoDVDdrive(throughCMOSsetup)andrestartyoursystem. 5. InserttheBOSSGNU/LinuxDVDintothedrive 6. Boottheinstallationsystem. 7. Selectinstallationlanguage. 8. Activatetheethernetnetworkconnection,ifavailable. 9. CreateandmountthepartitionsonwhichBOSSGNU/Linuxwillbeinstalled. 10. Watchtheautomaticinstall/setupofthebasesystem. 11. Installsadditionalsoftware(tasksand/orpackages),atyourdiscretion. 12. InstallsabootloaderwhichcanstartupBOSSGNU/Linuxonyourexistingsystem. 13. Load the newly installed system for the first time, and make some initial system settings. 14. If you have problems during the installation, it helps to know which packages are involvedinwhichsteps. 15. Introducing the leading software actors in this installation drama: The installer software,debianinstaller,istheprimaryconcernofthismanual.Itdetectshardware andloadsappropriatedrivers,usesdhcpclienttosetupthenetworkconnection,and runsdebootstraptoinstallthebasesystempackages.Manymoreactorsplaysmaller partsinthisprocess,butdebianinstallerhascompleteditstaskwhenyouloadthenew systemforthefirsttime.Uponloading thenewbasesystem,baseconfigsupervises 13

addingusers,settingatimezone(viatzsetup),andsettingupthepackageinstallation system(usingaptsetup).Itthenlaunchestaskselwhichcanbeused toselectlarge groupsofrelatedprograms,andinturncanrunaptitudewhichallowsyoutochoose individualsoftwarepackages.

2.1.3

BackUpYourExistingData!

Beforeyoustart,makesuretobackupeveryfilethatisnowonyoursystem.Ifthisisthefirst timeanonnativeoperatingsystemhasbeeninstalledonyourcomputer,it'squitelikelyyou willneedtorepartitionyourdisktomakeroomforBOSSGNU/Linux.Anytimeyoupartition yourdisk,youshouldcountonlosingeverythingonthedisk,nomatterwhatprogramyouuse todoit.Theprogramsusedininstallationarequitereliableandmosthaveseenyearsofuse; buttheyarealsoquitepowerfulandafalsemovecancostyou. Evenafterbackingupbecarefulandthinkaboutyouranswersandactions.Twominutesof thinkingcansavehoursofunnecessarywork.Ifyouarecreatingamultibootsystem,make surethatyouhavethedistributionmediaofanyotherpresentoperatingsystemsonhand. Especiallyifyourepartitionyourbootdrive,youmightfindthatyouhavetoreinstallyour operatingsystem'sbootloader,orinmanycasesthewholeoperatingsystemitselfandallfiles ontheaffectedpartitions.

2.2 BeginningtheInstallation
TobegininstallationofBOSSGNU/Linux,bootthecomputerfromthebootmediai.efromCD orDVDoranyotherstoragebootablemedialikeUSB. TheBIOS(BasicInput/OutputSystem)onyourcomputermustsupportthetypeofbootmedia you select. The BIOS controls access to some hardware devices during boot time. Any computerthatmeetstheminimumrecommendedspecificationforBOSSGNU/Linuxcanboot fromaCDorDVDdrivewiththefirstdisc. Ifyouarenotsurewhatcapabilitiesyourcomputerhas,orhowtoconfiguretheBIOS,consult the documentation provided by the manufacturer. Detailed information on hardware specificationsandconfigurationisbeyondthescopeofthisdocument. AbortingtheInstallation Toaborttheinstallationprocessatanytimebeforethe InstallingPackages screen,either pressCtrl+Alt+Delorpoweroffthecomputerwiththepowerswitch.BOSSGNU/Linuxmakes nochangestoyourcomputeruntilpackageinstallationbegins.BootingfromDisc Tobootyourcomputerfromdisc: 1. Switchonthecomputer. 2. InsertthediscintotheDVDdrive. 14

3. Ascreenappearstoaskforabootingoption., 1) StartBOSSLive 2) InstallBOSSGraphical 3) InstallBOSSTextMode 4) Advanceoptions 5) Help 1. BootingthroughStartBOSSLivewilltakeyouatouraroundBOSSvirtually.Using thisLiveBootyoucancheckouttheBOSSdesktopanditsapplicationsandonceyou aresatisfiedwithBOSS.,youcancomebackandchooseforInstallBOSSGraphicalor InstallBOSSTextMode.

Figure1.BootScreen

2.3 LanguageSelection
The installation program displays a list of languages which are supported by BOSS GNU/Linux. Select the Language as English / Tamil / Hindi (or any other). Click Continuetoproceed.

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Figure2.LanguageSelectionScreen

2.4 CountrySelection
Nextthecountryselectionscreenappears.Selecttheappropriatecountryfromthelist.Click Continueandproceedfurther

Figure3.CountrySelectionScreen

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2.5 KeyboardConfiguration
The installation program displays a list of the keyboard layouts supported by BOSS GNU/Linux.Highlightthecorrectlayoutonthelist,andselectNext.

Figure4.KeyboardConfigurationScreen

2.6 NetworkConfiguration
ConfiguringNetworkAutomatically IfyouhaveaDHCPServer,thentheNetworkwillbeautomaticallyconfigured.Thereisno needfortheusertobotheraboutthenetworkconfiguration. ConfiguringNetworkManually Ifthatisnotthecase,youneedtomanuallyconfigurethenetwork.WhentheDHCPserveris notavailable,thefollowingscreenappearswhichmeansyouneedtoconfiguremanually.

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Figure5.1NetworkConfiguration ClickonContinuetoproceedtowardsManualNetworkconfiguration.

Figure5.2NetworkConfiguration 18

SelectConfigureNetworkManuallyandsettheIPaddressandconfigurenetwork.

Figure5.3NetworkConfiguration Thescreenshotsareasfollows:

Figure5.4NetworkConfiguration 19

Figure5.5NetworkConfiguration Thenextscreenwillaskyoutoenterthehostnameforthesystem.

2.7 DiskPartitioningSetup
IfyouarenewtoLinux,youmaywanttousetheautomaticpartitioningmethod.Ifyouarea moreexperiencedLinuxuser,usethemanualpartitioningmethodformorecontroloveryour systemconfiguration,orselectandmodifytheautomaticallydefinedpartitions. Thescreenbelowshowsthewayyouwouldliketopartition.Thesearethefollowingwaysin whichyoucanpartitiontheharddisk a)Automaticpartitioning b)LVMpartitioning c)Manualpartitioning.

a)AutomaticPartitioning
Byselectingautomaticpartitioning,youwillnothavetousepartitioningtoolstoassignmount points,createpartitionsorallocatespaceforyourinstallation. Youwillbeprovidedwithtwooptionsinautomaticpartition FormatentireHardDisk 20

 UseExistingHarddiskSpace

Figure6.1FormatEntireHardDisk

21

Figure6.2UsethelargestFreeSpaceAvailable

Figure6.3Allotthespacefordifferentdirectories 22

b)LVMpartitioning
LVMisatoolforlogicalvolumemanagementwhichincludesallocatingdisks,resizinglogical volumes. TheLogicalVolumeManager(LVM)enablesflexibledistributionofharddiskspace overseveralfilesystems.Asitisdifficulttomodifypartitionsonarunningsystem,LVMwas developed.Itprovidesavirtualpool(VolumeGroupVGforshort)ofmemoryspacefrom whichlogicalvolumes(LV)canbegeneratedifneeded.Theoperatingsystemaccessesthese insteadofthephysicalpartitions. Thescreenshotsareasfollows:

Figure6.4LVMPartitioning

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Figure6.5Selectthedisktopartition

Figure6.6LVMPartitioning 24

Figure6.7FinishPartitioning

Figure6.8LVMPartitioning 25

Figure6.9LVMPartitioning

UseExistingHarddiskSpace
Thismeansthatyouneedtohaveanemptyunpartitionedfreespacewhichisnotusedforany otherOSlikeWindowsorLinux.Onceyouselectthisoptionitwillaskyouforthepartition spacedetailsandthenformatit,latertheinstallationproceeds.

c)ManualPartitioning
Creatinganewpartition Topartitionmanually,thefollowingscreenshotswillhelpyousettingupthepartition. 1. AscreenwithnamePartitiondiskswillbedisplayed.InthatclickManualandthen clickContinue.

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2. AfterclickingManualascreenwillbedisplayedwhichcontainsoverviewofyour currentlyconfiguredpartitions.ClickonfreespaceandthenclickContinue.

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3. CreatenewpartitionforBOSSGNU/LinuxbydoubleclickingCreateanewpartition

4. Ascreenappearsshowingthemaximumsizethatcanbeassignedforthispartition.

Inthisscreenchangethesizetoyourrequiredsize.Theminimumshouldbe5.0GB. 28

ThenclickContinue.

5. Selectthetypeforthenewpartition.

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6. SpecifywhetherthepartitionshouldbeatthebeginningorattheEnd.

7. ClickDonesettingupthepartitionandthenclickContinue.

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Afterselectingthepartitionforthe/,youneedtoselectapartitionfortheswapspace.If youarealreadyhavingLinuxinstalledonyoursystemthenyouwillbehavingaswapspacein yoursystem.Ifsononeedofanotherswapspace.TheswapshouldbedoubletheRAMsize.If thereisnoswapspacethencreateanewswapspace.Thescreenshotsareasfollows: 8. Createaswapareaof1GBfromfreespace.

9. ClickCreateanewpartitionandthenclickContinue. 10. Specifythepartitionsizeforswapareaas1.0GB.

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11. Selectthetypeforthenewpartition.

12. SpecifywhetherthepartitionshouldbeatthebeginningorattheEnd.

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13. Changedefaultfilesystemext3toswapbydoubleclickingExt3journalingfilesystem inthescreenshownbelow.

14. Doubleclickswaparea.

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15. Creationofswapareaiscompleted.ClickDonesettingupthepartitionandthenclick Continue

16. Finishthepartitioningprocess.

34

17. WritethechangestodiskbyclickingYes.

Deletingtheharddiskpartition Topartitionmanually,thefollowingscreenshotswillhelpyousettingupthepartitioning separatelyfor/andswap. 1. AscreenwithnamePartitiondiskswillbedisplayed.InthatclickonManualand thenclickonContinue.

35

2. AfterclickingManualascreenwill bedisplayedwhichcontainsoverviewofyour currentlyconfiguredpartitionsandmountpoints. ThenclickonpartitionwhichyouwanttodeleteandthenclickContinue.

3. ClickonDeletethepartitionandthenclickContinue.

36

4. Oncethatpartitionisdeletedyouwillgetsomefreespace.

5. TocreateanewpartitionusingthatfreespacedoubleclickonCreateanewpartition. 6. Inthenextscreenspecifythenewpartitionsize.Theminimumsizeshouldbe5.0GB.

37

7. Selectthetypeforthenewpartition.

8. SpecifywhetherthepartitionshouldbeatthebeginningorattheEnd. 38

9. ClickDonesettingupthepartitionandthenclickContinue.

Afterselectingthepartitionforthe/,youneedtoselectapartitionfortheswapspace.If youarealreadyhavingLinuxinstalledonyoursystemthenyouwillbehavingaswapspacein yoursystem.Ifsononeedofanotherswapspace.TheswapshouldbedoubletheRAMsize.If thereisnoswapthencreateanewswapspace.Thescreenshotsareasfollows: 10. Createswapareaof1GBfromfreespace

39

11. CreatenewswapareabydoubleclickingCreateanewpartition. 12.Specifythepartitionsizeforswapareaas1.0GB.

40

13. Selectthetypeforthenewpartition.

14. SpecifywhetherthepartitionshouldbeatthebeginningorattheEnd. 15. Changedefaultfilesystemext3toswapbydoubleclickingExt3journalingfilesystem inthescreenshownbelow.

41

16. Doubleclickonswaparea.

17. Creationofswapareaiscompleted.ClickonDonesettingupthepartitionandthen 42

clickContinue

18. Finishthepartitioningprocess.

19. Afterallthepartitionsareallocated,youneedtowritethechangestodisk.Forthis 43

selectYesininthefollowingscreenandthenclickContinue.

ResizingtheHarddiskPartition ToresizeharddiskpartitionatthetimeofinstallingBOSSGNU/Linux,followthesesteps: 1. AscreenwithnamePartitiondiskswillbedisplayed.InthatclickManualandthen clickContinue.

44

2. AfterclickingManualascreenwill bedisplayedwhichcontainsoverviewofyour currentlyconfiguredpartitionsandmountpoints.Thenclickonthepartitionwhichyou wanttoresizeandthenclickContinue.

3. DoubleclickonResizethepartition.

45

4. Itwillasktheconfirmationbeforewritingthechangestodisk.ClickYesandthenclick Continue.

46

5. Thisscreenwillshowbydefaultmaximumsizeasanewpartitionsizewhichyoucan changeasperrequirement.Youcangivenewpartitionsizemorethanwhatever requiredtothatparticularfilesystemthenclickContinue.

6. Nowyouhavedoneresizing.YouwillgetsomefreespacetoinstallBOSSGNU/Linux. Clickonfreespace.

47

7. CreatenewpartitionforBOSSGNU/LinuxbyclickingCreateanewpartition. 8. GivepartitionsizeforinstallingBOSSGNU/Linux.Itshouldbeminimum5.0GB.

9. Selectthetypeofpartition.

48

10. Specifywhetherthepartitionshouldbeatthebeginningorend.

49

11. Partitionsettingiscovered.ClickDonesettingupthepartitionandclickContinue.

12. Afterselectingthepartitionforthe/,youneedtoselectapartitionfortheswap space.IfyouarealreadyhavingLinuxinstalledonyoursystemthenyouwillbehaving aswapspaceinyoursystem.Ifsononeedofanotherswapspace.Theswapshouldbe doubletheRAMsize.Ifthereisnoswapthencreateanewswapspacebyfollowingthe steps8to15inCreatinganewpartitionsection. 13. Finishthepartitioningprocess.

50

14. Afterallthepartitionsareallocated,youneedtowritethechangestodisk.Forthis selectYesininthefollowingscreenandthenclickContinue.

2.8 InstallingtheBaseSystem
BOSSGNU/Linuxisreadytoinstallthepackagesintoyoursystemnow.

2.9 SettheRootPassword
EveryLinuxusesaspecialaccountnamedrootforsystemadministration.Therootaccounton everyLinuxsystemisonlylimitedbySELinux.Itisnotsubjecttoanyothernormalaccount restrictions.Asthesystemowneroradministrator,youmaysometimesrequireunrestricted accesstoconfigureormodifythesystem.Inthosecases,usetherootaccount.\
AvoidloggingintoEduBOSSasrootwhenpossible. Anyadministrationtoolswhichrequirerootprivilegeswillpromptyouforthepassword.

Therootaccountmaypotentiallycontrolanypartofthesystem,usethefollowingguidelines tocreateagoodpassword: Useacombinationofuppercaseletters,lowercaseletters,numbers,punctuationand othercharacters. Donotuseawordorname.Obscuringthewordornamewithsubstitutecharactersis 51

noteffective. Donotusethesamepasswordformorethanonesystem. Thefollowingareexamplesofgoodpasswords: f9*@1Ls99A HL8$391%%rb Iwtb,10^th Enter the root password intothe RootPassword field. Typethe samepassword intothe Confirmfieldtoensurethatitissetcorrectly.

Figure7.SetRootPassword

52

2.10 CreateUserAccount
Nextstepistocreateauseraccountandsettingpasswordfortheuser.Youcanusethisuser accountforloggingintoBOSSGNU/Linux.AndthisuserwillbeusedforautologintoBOSS GNU/Linuxaftercertaintimeperiod. Thescreenshotsareasfollows:

Figure8.Setupuseraccount

53

Figure8.1Setupuseraccount'susername

Figure8.2Setupuseraccount'spassword 54

2.11 SoftwareSelection
Thefirststepistoselectthepackagestobeinstalled.HereBOSSGNU/Linuxprovidesfour categoriesofpackageswithaDVD. DesktopEnvironment: ThisinstallstheGNOME,Office,Games,Editors,Thunderbirdmail clientetc.Thisoptionwillbeenabledbydefault. PrintServer:Thisinstallstheprinterrelatedpackages. Laptop:Thisinstallsthelaptoprelatedtoolslikewirelesstoolsetc. Standard System: This options also will be enabled by default, as this includes all the standard packages for a system to work properly and some additional packages. BOSS GNU/Linuxrecommendsnottodisablethisoption.

Figure9SoftwareSelection InthelistedoptionsitisverymuchneededtosettheStandardSystemalwaysselected.,since itinstallsthebasicsetofLinux.Andalongwiththatitishighlyrecommendedtoselectthe DesktopEnvironmentfortheusertohaveGraphicalUserinterface.

55

2.12 SambaServer
ThescreenshotsforSambaServerareasfollows:

Intheabovescreenentertheworkgroup/DomainName.ClickContinuetoproceed.

Oncetheinstallationprocessgetscompleted,thesystemrestartsautomatically. 56

3. GNOMEDesktop
GNOMEisaGraphicalUserInterfacethathasmanyapplicationsdesignedtohelpyouinyour dailywork.

3.1 LoggingInandSelectingaDesktop
Tostartanormallogin,justenteryourusernameandpassword. System Performs a system action, such as shutting down the computer or starting different login actions.

3.1.1

LockingYourScreen

TolockthescreenusethekeyboardshortcutCtrl+Alt+L.

3.2 LoggingOut
Whenyouarefinishedusingthecomputer,youcanlogoutandleavethesystemrunningor restartorshutdownthecomputer.Ifyoursystemprovidespowermanagement,youcanalso suspendthecomputer,makingthenextsystemstartmuchfasterthanacompleteboot. Tologoutandleavethesystemrunning,dooneofthefollowing: SelectSystem>LogOut.... UsethekeyboardshortcutthatisdefinedintheGNOMEkeyboardshortcuts.Usually,tolog outwithconfirmation,thisisCtrl+Alt+Del.

57

3.3 DesktopComponents
Themaincomponentsofthedesktoparetheiconsonthedesktopandthepanelatthetopand bottomofthescreen.

3.3.1
Trash

DesktopIcons

Thedesktophasthefollowingiconsbydefault: Containsfilesandfoldersthathavebeendeleted. Computer Displaysinformationabouthardware,networkstatus,operatingsystem,harddisks,common folders,andremovabledevices. Home Displaysthefilesandfoldersinthehomefolder.

58

3.3.2

Panel

Thepanelisabar,typicallylocatedatthetopandbottomofthescreen.Itisdesignedto provide information about running applications or the system and easy access to some applications. If you hold your pointer over an icon on the panel, a short description is displayed.

TopPanel
Thetoppaneltypicallyconsistsofthefollowingitems: MenuBar Bydefault,MenuBarappearsattheleftendofthepanel.TheMenuBarhasawellordered structureforaccessingthemainapplications.Italsocontainsmenuitemsformajorfunctions likeloggingoutorsearchingforapplications. Thefollowingiconsbydefaultappearsintherightsideofthetoppanel NotificationArea ThenotificationiconslikeUpdateManager,SCIMappearsinthenotificationarea. Clock Theclockicondisplaysthecurrentdateandtime. VolumeControl TheVolumeControliconisusefulforcontrollingthespeakervolume. WindowSelector Thisiconwhenclickeddisplaystheapplicationsrunningondifferentwindows.

BottomPanel
Thebottompanelconsistsofthefollowingitems: ShowDesktop Thisiconappearsattheleftsideofthebottompanel.Clickthaticontohideallthewindows andshowthedesktop. WindowList The Window List is located next to the Show Desktop icon. By default, all started applicationsandopenwindowsaredisplayedintheWindowList,whichallowsyoutoaccess anyapplicationregardlessofthecurrentlyactivedesktop.Ifyouclickawindowtitleinthe WindowList,theapplicationismovedtotheforeground.Ifitisalreadyintheforeground, clickingminimizestheapplication. 59

WorkspaceSwitcher By default, the right end of the bottom panel has an icon which shows your different desktops. These virtual desktops enable you to organize your work. If you use many programssimultaneously,youmightwanttorunsomeprogramsinonedesktopandother programsintheotherdesktop.Toswitchbetweendesktops,clickthedesktopsymbolinthe panel.

3.4 HandlingRemovableMedia
Ifyouinsertorconnectremovablemediatoyourcomputer(suchasCDROMsorUSBsticks), theseareusuallymountedautomatically.

3.4.1

RemovingMediaSafely

Ifyouwanttoremoveordisconnectamediumfromyourcomputer,makesurethatthedata onthemediumiscurrentlynotaccessedbyanyapplicationoruser.Otherwise,youriskaloss ofdata. 60

TosafelyremovethemediumrightclickthemediumtoremoveandselectSafelyRemoveor Eject.SafelyRemoveunmountsthemediumafterwhichyoucandisconnectthemedium fromyourcomputer.EjectautomaticallyopenstheCDorDVDdriveofyourcomputer.

3.5 ManagingTrash
Thetrashisadirectoryforfilesmarkedfordeletion.Dragiconsfromthefilemanagerorthe desktoptothetrashiconbykeepingtheleftmousebuttonpressed.Thenreleasetodropthem there.Alternatively,rightclickaniconandselectMovetoTrashfromthemenu.Doubleclick thetrashicontoviewitscontents.Youcanretrieveanitemfromthetrashifdesired. Filesremovedwith Shift+Delete arenotmovedtothetrashbin,butdeletedcompletely.To deletethefilesinthetrashbincompletely,rightclickthetrashbiniconthenclickEmpty Trash.

3.6 ManagingFoldersandFileswithNautilus
Nautilusisafilemanager.ThefollowingsectionscoverusingNautilusforfilemanagement.

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3.6.1

FileManagerFunctionality

TheNautilusfilemanagerprovidesasimpleandintegratedwaytomanageyourfilesand applications.Youcanusethefilemanagertodothefollowing: Createfoldersanddocuments Displayyourfilesandfolders Searchandmanageyourfiles Runscriptsandlaunchapplications Customizetheappearanceoffilesandfolders Openspeciallocationsonyourcomputer WritedatatoaCDorDVD Installandremovefonts Thefilemanagerletsyouorganizeyourfilesintofolders.Folderscancontainfilesandmay alsocontainotherfolders.Usingfolderscanhelpyoufindyourfilesmoreeasily. Nautilusalsomanagesthedesktop.Thedesktopliesbehindallothervisibleitemsonyour screen.Thedesktopisanactivecomponentofthewayyouuseyourcomputer. EveryuserhasaHomeFolder.TheHomeFoldercontainsalloftheuser'sfiles.Thedesktopis anotherfolder.ThedesktopcontainsspecialiconsallowingeasyaccesstotheusersHome Folder,Trash,andalsoremovablemediasuchasfloppydisks,CDsandUSBflashdrives. NautilusisalwaysrunningwhileyouareusingGNOME.ToopenanewNautiluswindow, doubleclickonanappropriateicononthedesktopsuchasHomeorComputer,orchoose anitemfromPlacesmenuonthetoppanel. InGNOMEmanythingsarefiles,suchaswordprocessordocuments,spreadsheets,photos, movies,andmusic.

3.6.2

FileManagerPresentation

Nautilus provides two modes in which you can interact with your filesystem: spatial and browsermode.YoumaydecidewhichmethodyoupreferandsetNautilustoalwaysusethis by selecting (deselecting) Always open in browser windows in the Behavior tab of the Nautiluspreferencesdialog. Thefollowingexplainsthedifferencebetweenthetwomodes: Browsermode:browseyourfilesandfolders Thefilemanagerwindowrepresentsabrowser,whichcandisplayanylocation.Openinga folderupdatesthecurrentfilemanagerwindowtoshowthecontentsofthenewfolder. 62

Thebrowserwindowdisplaysatoolbarwithcommonactionsandlocations,alocationbarthat showsthecurrentlocationinthehierarchyoffolders,andasidebarthatcanholddifferent kindsofinformation. InBrowserMode,youtypicallyhavefewerfilemanagerwindowsopenatatime. Spatialmode:navigateyourfilesandfoldersasobjects The file manager window represents a particular folder. Opening a folder opens the new window for that folder. Each time you open a particular folder, you will find its window displayedinthesameplaceonthescreenandthesamesizeasthelasttimeyouviewedit(this isthereasonforthename'spatialmode'). Usingspatialmodemayleadtomoreopenfilemanagerwindowsonthescreen.

3.6.3
MenuBar

FileBrowserWindowComponents

Thenautilusfilebrowserwindowconsistsofthefollowingelements: Youcanalsoopenapopupmenufromfilemanagerwindows.Toopenthispopupmenuright clickinafilemanagerwindow.Theitemsinthismenudependonwhereyourightclick.For example,whenyourightclickonafileorfolder,youcanchooseitemsrelatedtothefileor folder.Whenyourightclickonthebackgroundofaviewpane,youcanchooseitemsrelatedto thedisplayofitemsintheviewpane.

63

Toolbar Containsbuttonsthatyouusetoperformtasksinthefilemanager. Backreturnstothepreviouslyvisitedlocation.Theadjacentdropdownlistalsocontainsa listofthemostrecentlyvisitedlocationstoallowyoutoreturntothemfaster. ForwardperformstheoppositefunctiontotheBacktoolbaritem.Ifyouhavepreviously navigatedbackintimethenthisbuttonreturnsyoutothepresent. Upmovesuponeleveltotheparentofthecurrentfolder. Reloadrefreshesthecontentsofthecurrentfolder. HomeopensyourHomeFolder. ComputeropensyourComputerfolder. Searchopensthesearchbar. LocationBar Thelocationbarisaverypowerfultoolfornavigatingyourcomputer. ZoombuttonsEnableyoutochangethesizeofitemsintheviewpane. ViewasdropdownlistEnablesyoutochoosehowtoshowitemsinyourviewpane. SidePane Performsthefollowingfunctions: Showsinformationaboutthecurrentfileorfolder. Enablesyoutonavigatethroughyourfiles. Todisplaythesidepane,chooseView>SidePane.Thesidepanecontainsadropdownlist thatenablesyoutochoosewhattoshowinthesidepane.Youcanchoosefromthefollowing options: PlacesDisplaysplacesofparticularinterest. InformationDisplaystheiconandinformationaboutthecurrentfolder. Tree Displays a hierarchical representation of your file system. You can use the Tree to navigatethroughyourfiles. HistoryContainsahistorylistoffiles,folders,FTPsites,andURIsthatyouhaverecently visited. NotesEnablesyoutoaddnotestoyourfilesandfolders. EmblemsContainsemblemsthatyoucanaddtoafileorfolder. 64

Toclosethesidepane,clickontheXbuttonatthetoprightofthesidepane.

3.6.4

SearchingForFiles

TheNautilusfilemanagerincludesaneasyandsimpletousewaytosearchforyourfilesand folders.TobeginasearchpressCtrl+ForselecttheSearchtoolbarbutton.

Entercharacterspresentinthenameorcontentsofthefileorfolderyouwishtofindandpress Enter.Theresultsofyoursearchshouldappearintheviewpane.

Ifyouarenothappywithyoursearchyoucanrefineitbyaddingadditionalconditions.This allowsyoutorestrictthesearchtoaspecificfiletypeorlocation.Toaddsearchconditions clickthe+icon.

65

SavingSearches Nautilussearchescanalsobesavedforfutureuse.Oncesaved,searchesmaybereopened later.

66

Savedsearchesbehaveexactlylikeregularfolders,forexampleyoucanopen,moveordelete filesfromwithinasavedsearch.

3.6.5

UsingViewstoDisplayYourFilesandFolders

The file manager includes views that enable you to show the contents of your folders in differentways,iconview,andlistview. IconviewShowstheitemsinthefolderasicons. ListviewShowstheitemsinthefolderasalist.

3.6.6

MovingaFileorFolder

You can move a file or folder by dragging it with the mouse, or with the cut and paste commands.Thefollowingsectionsdescribethesetwomethods. DragtotheNewLocation Todragafileorfoldertoanewlocation,performthefollowingsteps: 1. Opentwofilemanagerwindows: Thewindowcontainingtheitemyouwanttomove. Thewindowyouwanttomoveitto,orthewindowcontainingthefolderyouwanttomoveit to. 1. Dragthefileorfolderthatyouwanttomovetothenewlocation.Ifthenewlocationis awindow,dropitanywhereinthewindow.Ifthenewlocationisafoldericon,dropthe itemyouaredraggingonthefolder. Tomovethefileorfoldertoafolderthatisonelevelbelowthecurrentlocation,donotopena newwindow.Instead,dragthefileorfoldertothenewlocationinthesamewindow. CutandPastetothenewlocation Youcancutafileorfolderandpastethefileorfolderintoanotherfolder,asfollows: 1. Selectthefileorfolderthatyouwanttomove,thenchooseEdit>Cut. 2. Openthefoldertowhichyouwanttomovethefileorfolder,thenchoose Edit> Paste.

3.6.7

CopyingaFileorFolder

You can copy a file or folder by dragging it with the mouse, or with the copy and paste commands.Thefollowingsectionsdescribethesetwomethods.

67

DragtotheNewLocation Tocopyafileorfolder,performthefollowingsteps: Opentwofilemanagerwindows: Thewindowcontainingtheitemyouwanttomove. Thewindowyouwanttomoveitto,orthewindowcontainingthefolderyouwanttomoveit to. Dragthefileorfolderthatyouwanttomovetothenewlocation.Ifthenewlocationis awindow,dropitanywhereinthewindow.Ifthenewlocationisafoldericon,dropthe itemyouaredraggingonthefolder. Tocopythefileorfoldertoafolderthatisonelevelbelowthecurrentlocation,donotopena newwindow.Instead,grabthefileorfolder,thenpressandholdCtrl.Dragthefileorfolderto thenewlocationinthesamewindow. CopyandPastetotheNewLocation Youcancopyafileorfolderandpastethefileorfolderintoanotherfolder,asfollows: 1. Selectthefileorfolderthatyouwanttocopy,thenchooseEdit>Copy. 2. Openthefoldertowhichyouwanttocopythefileorfolder,thenchooseEdit>Paste.

3.6.8

DuplicatingaFileorFolder

Tocreateacopyofafileorfolderinthecurrentfolder,performthefollowingsteps: 1. Selectthefileorfolderthatyouwanttoduplicate. 2. ChooseEdit>Duplicate. Acopyofthefileorfolderappearsinthecurrentfolder.

3.6.9

CreatingaFolder

Tocreateafolder,performthefollowingsteps: 1. Openthefolderwhereyouwanttocreatethenewfolder. 2. Choose File > Create Folder. Alternatively, rightclick on the background of the window,thenchooseCreateFolder. 3. Anuntitledfolderisaddedtothelocation.Thenameofthefolderisselected.

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4. Typeanameforthefolder,thenpressEnter.

3.6.10

RenamingaFileorFolder

Torenameafileorfolderperformthefollowingsteps: 1. Selectthefileorfolderthatyouwanttorename. 2. Choose Edit >Rename. Alternatively, rightclick on thefileor folder,then choose Rename.... 3. Thenameofthefileorfolderisselected. 4. Typeanewnameforthefileorfolder,thenpressEnter.

3.6.11

MovingaFileorFoldertoTrash

TomoveafileorfoldertoTrashperformthefollowingsteps: 1. SelectthefileorfolderthatyouwanttomovetoTrash. 2. Choose Edit > Move to Trash. Alternatively, rightclick on the file or folder, then chooseMovetoTrash. Alternatively,youcandragthefileorfoldertotheTrashobjectonthedesktop. WhenyoumoveafileorfolderfromaremovablemediatoTrash,thefileorfolderisstoredin aTrashlocationontheremovablemedia.Toremovethefileorfolderpermanentlyfromthe removablemedia,youmustemptyTrash.

3.6.12

DeletingaFileorFolder

Whenyoudeleteafileorfolder,thefileorfolderisnotmovedtoTrash,butisdeletedfrom your filesystem immediately. The Delete menu item is only available if you select the IncludeaDeletecommandthatbypassesTrashoptionintheEdit>Preferencesdialog. Todeleteafileorfolderperformthefollowingsteps: 1. Selectthefileorfolderthatyouwanttodelete. 2. Choose Edit > Delete. Alternatively, rightclick on the file or folder, then choose Delete. Alternatively,selectthefileorfolderyouwanttodelete,andpressShift+Del 69

3.6.13

CreatingaSymbolicLinktoaFileorFolder

Asymboliclinkisaspecialtypeoffilethatpointstoanotherfileorfolder.Whenyouperform anactiononasymboliclink,theactionisperformedonthefileorfoldertowhichthesymbolic linkpoints.However,whenyoudeleteasymboliclink,youdeletethelinkfile,notthefileto whichthesymboliclinkpoints. Tocreateasymboliclinktoafileorfolder,selectthefileorfoldertowhichyouwanttocreate alink.ChooseEdit>MakeLink.Alinktothefileorfolderisaddedtothecurrentfolder. Alternatively,grabtheitemtowhichyouwanttocreatealink,thenpressandholdCtrl+Shift. Dragtheitemtothelocationwhereyouwanttoplacethelink. Bydefault,thefilemanageraddsanemblemtosymboliclinks. Thepermissionsofasymboliclinkaredeterminedbythefileorfoldertowhichasymboliclink points.

3.6.14

FilePermissions

Permissionsaresettingsassignedtoeachfileandfolderthatdeterminewhattypeofaccess userscanhavetothefileorfolder.Forexample,youcandeterminewhetherotheruserscan readandeditafilethatbelongstoyou,oronlyhaveaccesstoreaditbutnotmakechangesto it. Eachfilebelongstoaparticularuser,andisassociatedwithagroupthattheownerbelongsto. Thesuperuser"root"hastheabilitytoaccessanyfileonthesystem. Youcansetpermissionsforthreecategoriesofusers: OwnerTheuserthatcreatedthefileorfolder. GroupAgroupofuserstowhichtheownerbelongs. OthersAllotherusersnotalreadyincluded. Foreachcategoryofuser,differentpermissionscanbeset.Thesebehavedifferentlyforfiles andfolders,asfollows: read Filescanbeopened Directorycontentscanbedisplayed write 70

Filescanbeeditedordeleted Directorycontentscanbemodified execute Executablefilescanberunasaprogram Directoriescanbeentered

3.6.15

ChangingPermissions

ChangingPermissionsforaFile Tochangethepermissionsofafile,performthefollowingsteps: 1. Selectthefilethatyouwanttochange. 2. ChooseFile>Properties.Thepropertieswindowfortheitemisdisplayed. 3. ClickonthePermissionstab. 4. Tochangethefile'sgroup,choosefromthegroupstheuserbelongstointhedropdown selector. 5. Foreachoftheowner,thegroup,andallotherusers,choosefromthesepermissionsfor thefile: NoneNoaccesstothefileispossible(Youcan'tsetthisfortheowner). ReadonlyTheuserscanopenafiletoseeitscontents,butnotmakeany changes. 6. ReadandWriteNormalaccesstoafileispossible:itcanbeopenedandsaved. 7. Toallowafiletoberunasaprogram,selectExecute ChangingPermissionsforaFolder Tochangethepermissionsofafolder,performthefollowingsteps: 1. Selectthefolderthatyouwanttochange. 2. ChooseFile>Properties.Thepropertieswindowfortheitemisdisplayed. 3. ClickonthePermissionstab. 4. Tochangethefolder'sgroup,choosefromthegroupstheuserbelongstointhedrop downselector. 5. Foreachoftheowner,thegroup,andallotherusers,choosefromthesefolderaccess permissions: 71

NoneNoaccesstothefolderispossible(Youcan'tsetthisfortheowner.) ListfilesonlyTheuserscanseetheitemsinthefolder,butnotopenanyofthem. AccessfilesItemsin thefolder can beopened and modified,provided their own permissionsallowit. CreateanddeletefilesTheusercancreatenewfilesanddeletefilesinthe inadditiontobeingabletoaccessexistingfiles. folder,

Tosetpermissionsforalltheitemscontainedinafolder,settheFileAccessandExecute propertiesandclickonApplypermissionstoenclosedfiles.

3.6.16

WritingCDsorDVDs

WritingtoaCDorDVDmaybeusefulforbackingupyourimportantdocuments.Todothis, yourcomputermusthaveaCDorDVDwriter. AsimplewaytocheckwhatsortofCDorDVDdriveyourcomputerhasistochoosePlaces> Computerfromthetoppanelmenubar.IftheiconforyourCDdrivehastermslike"CDRW" or"DVD(+)R"initslabel,thenyourcomputerisabletowritediscs. Youcanstartchoosingfilestoburntoadiscatanytime.Thefilemanagerprovidesaspecial folderforfilesandfoldersthatyouwishtowritetoaCDorDVD.Fromthereyoucaneasily writeallofthecontent(whichyouplaceinthisspecialfolder)toaCDorDVD. CreatingDataDiscs TowriteaCDorDVD,performthefollowingsteps: 1. Choose Places > CD/DVD Creator. The file manager opens the CD/DVD Creator folder. InaFileBrowserwindow,thisitemisintheGomenu. 2. DragthefilesandfoldersthatyouwanttowritetoCDorDVDtotheCD/DVDCreator folder. 3. InsertawritableCDorDVDintotheCD/DVDwriterdeviceonyoursystem. 4. PresstheWritetoDiscbutton,orchooseFile>WritetoCD/DVD.AWritetoDisc dialogisdisplayed. 5. UsetheWritetoDiscdialogtospecifyhowyouwanttowritetheCD WritedisctoSelectthedevicetowhichyouwanttowritetheCDfromthedropdownlist. TocreateaCDimagefile,selecttheFileimageoption.ACDimagefileisanormalfilethat containsallofthedatainthesameformatasaCD,thatyoucanwritetoaCDlater. DiscnameTypeanamefortheCDinthetextbox.

72

DatasizeShowsthesizeofthedatatobewrittentodisc.Theblankdiskmustbeatleastthis size. WritespeedSelectthespeedatwhichyouwanttowritetheCDfromthedropdownlist. ClickontheWritebutton. IfyouselectedtheFileimageoptionfromtheWritedisctodropdownlist,Choose afilenameforthediscimagedialogisdisplayed.Usethedialogtospecifythelocation whereyouwanttosavethediscimagefile.Bydefault,discimagefileshavea.isofile extension. AWriting disc dialog isdisplayed.This process takessome time. Whenthedisc is written or when the disc image file is created, a message to indicate that the processiscompleteisdisplayedinthedialog. CopyingCDsorDVDs YoucancreateacopyofaCDorDVD,eithertoanotherdiscortoanimagefilestoredonyour computer.Tocreateacopy,performthefollowingsteps: 1. Insertthediscyouwanttocopy. 2. ChoosePlaces>Computerfromthetoppanelmenubar. 3. RightclickontheCDicon,andchooseCopyDisc. 4. TheWritetoDiscdialogisdisplayed. Ifyouhaveonlyonedrivewithwritecapabilities,theprocesswillfirstcreateadiscimagefile onyourcomputer.Itwillthenejecttheoriginaldisk,andaskyoutochangeitforablankdisk onwhichtowritethecopy. CreatingaDiscfromanImageFile YoucanwriteadiscimagetoaCDorDVD.Forexample,youmayhavedownloadedadisc imagefromtheinternet,orpreviouslycreatedoneyourself.Discimagesusuallyhavea.isofile extensionandaresometimescalledisofiles. Towriteadiscimage,rightclickonthediscimagefile,thenchooseWritetoDiscfromthe popupmenu.

3.6.17

AccessingaRemoteServer

Youcanusethefilemanagertoaccessaremoteserver,beitanFTPsite,aWindowsshare,or anSSHserver. Toaccessaremoteserver,chooseFile>ConnecttoServer....Youmayalsoaccessthisdialog fromthemenubarbychoosingPlaces>ConnecttoServer.... 73

IntheConnecttoServerdialog,youmayclickontheBrowseNetworkbuttontoclosethis dialogandviewservicesavailableonyournetworkinaNautiluswindow. Toconnecttoaremoteserver,startbychoosingtheservicetype,thenentertheserveraddress. Ifrequiredbyyourserver,youmayprovidethefollowingoptionalinformation: PortPorttoconnecttoontheserver.Thisshouldonlybeusedifitisnecessarytochangethe defaultport,youwouldnormallyleavethisblank. FolderFoldertoopenuponconnectingtoserver. NametouseforconnectionThedesignationoftheconnectionasitwillappearinthefile manager. If the server information is provided in the form of a URI, or you require a specialized connection,chooseCustomLocationastheservicetype. Once you have filled in the information, click Connect button. When the connection succeeds,thecontentsofthesitearedisplayedandyoumaydraganddropfilestoandfrom theremoteserver.

3.7 FindingDataonyourComputer
TheSearchforFilesapplicationenablesyoutosearchforfilesonyoursystem. TostartsearchchoosePlaces>SearchforFiles...

3.7.1

ToPerformaBasicSearch

Toperformabasicsearchforafileonthesystem,performthefollowingsteps: 1.EnterthesearchtextintheNamecontains:field.Thesearchtextcanbeafilename orpartialfilename,withorwithoutwildcards,asshowninthefollowingtable: NameContainsText Fullorpartialfilename Example myfile.txt Result SearchforFilessearchesforallfilesthat containthetextmyfile.txtinthefilename.

Partial filename combined *.[ch] Searchesforallfilesthathaveextension.c withwildcards(*,[,]) or.h 2.IntheLookinfolder:field,selectthefolderordevicefromwhichyouwantSearch forFilestobeginthesearch. 3.ClickFindtoperformthesearch. Search for Files searches in the directory that you specify and the subdirectories of the 74

directory.SearchforFilesdisplaystheresultsofthesearchintheSearchresultslist box.If SearchforFilesdoesnotfindanyfilesthatmatchthesearchcriteria,theapplicationdisplays themessage"Nofilesfound"intheSearchresultslistbox.

3.7.2

ToAddSearchOptions

Youcan add additionaloptionsto search for afileonthesystem. To add search options, performthefollowingsteps: 1. ClickontheSelectmoreoptionstext. 2. ClickontheAvailableoptions:dropdownlist. 3. Selectthesearchoptionthatyouwanttoapply. 4. ClickAdd. 5. Specifytherequiredsearchinformationforthesearchoption 6. Repeattheabovestepsforeachsearchoptionthatyouwanttoapply. Toremoveasearchoptionfromthecurrentsearch,clickontheRemovebuttonnexttothe option. Todisablethesearchoptionsfromthecurrentsearch,clickontheSelectmoreoptionstext.

3.7.3 3.7.4

ToStopaSearch

ClickStoptostopasearchbeforeSearchforFilescompletesthesearch.

ToOpenaDisplayedFile

ToopenafiledisplayedintheSearchresultslistbox,performoneofthefollowingsteps: Rightclickonthefile,thenchooseOpen. Doubleclickonthefile. ToopenthefolderthatcontainsafiledisplayedintheSearchresultslistbox,rightclickon thefile,thenchooseOpenFolder.

3.7.5

ToDeleteaDisplayedFile

TodeleteafiledisplayedintheSearchresultslistbox,rightclickonthefile,thenchoose MovetoTrash.

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3.7.6

ToSavetheSearchResults

TosavetheresultsofthelastsearchthatSearchforFilesperformed,rightclickintheSearch resultslist,thenchooseSaveResultsAs....Enterthenameofthefiletowhichyouwantto savetheresults,thenclickSave.

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4. CustomizingDesktopSettings
Youcanchangethewayyourdesktoplooksandbehavestosuityourownpersonaltastesand needs.

4.1 ChangingIndividualDesktopElements 4.1.1

CreatingNewDesktopObjects

Tocreateanewfolder, 1. Rightclickanemptyspaceonthedesktop. 2. Fromthepopupmenu,chooseCreateFolder. 3. Anuntitledfolderappearsonthedesktop.Renamethefolder. Tocreateanewfile, 1. Rightclickanemptyspaceonthedesktop. 2. Fromthepopupmenu,chooseCreateDocument.FromthesubmenuchooseEmpty File. 3. Afilewithnamenewfileappearsonthedesktop. To change the properties, of the objects in the desktop right click the object and select properties.Adialogappearswithfivetabswhereyoucanchangethepropertiesoftheobject suchaspermissions.

4.1.2ChangingPanelElements
Toaddnewelementstothepanel, 1. RightclickontheemptyspaceonthepanelandselectAddtoPanel...

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2. Selecttheelementyouwanttoaddtothepanel.ThenclickAddbutton. 3. Nowyoucanseethatelementonthepanel. Toremoveanelementfromthepanelrightclickontheelementyouwanttoremoveandselect RemoveFromPanel.

4.2 ChangingtheDesktopSettings
Youcanchangeavarietyofsettings,suchasthedesktopbackground,screensaver,fonts, keyboardandmouseconfiguration,andsounds.

4.2.1

ChangingtheDesktopBackground

Tochange thedesktopbackground,rightclickonthedesktopandselectChangeDesktop Background or choose System > Preferences > Appearance and click Background tab.Thefollowingwindowappears.

SelectthewallpaperyoulikeandclickFinish.Ifyouwanttoaddwallpaperstoredinanother locationclickAddWallPaperbutton.Choosethelocationofthenewwallpaperandclick Finish.

4.2.2

ChangingtheDesktopFont

Tochangethedesktopfont,chooseSystem>Preferences>AppearanceandclickFonts 78

tab.Anewwindowappears.InthatselecttheDesktopfontoption.

SelectthefontandclickOK.

4.2.3

ChangingtheDesktopTheme

Tochangethedesktopthemechoose,System>Preferences>Theme.Thefollowing windowappears.

Selectthethemeyouwantandclickclose.

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4.2.4

ChangingtheScreenSaver

To select a screen saver choose System > Preferences > Screensaver. The following windowappears.

Selectthescreensaveryouwantandclickclose.

4.3 gDesklets
gDeskletsisasystemforbringingminiprograms(desklets),suchasweatherforecasts,news tickers,systeminformationdisplays,ormusicplayercontrols,ontoyourdesktop,wherethey aresittingthereinasymbioticrelationshipofeyecandyandusefulness.Thepossibilitiesare reallyendlessandtheyarealwaystheretoserveyouwheneveryouneedthem. ThesmallprogramsthatruninsidegDeskletsarecalleddesklets.Someoftheminclude: Clocks Calendars Weather RSSfeedaggregators Controlsforotherapplications(suchasXMMSandGaim) Animatedtoolbars Desktopnotes Systemmonitors

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TostartgDeskletschooseApplications>Accessories>gDesklets. Thefollowingwindowappears

Toplaceadeskletinthedesktop,doubleclickthedesklet.Forexampleintheabove windowtoplaceCalendarinthedesktopdoubleclickCalendar.Dragthemouse pointertothedesktop.Themousepointerchangesintoahandsymbol.Clicktheleft mousebuttontoplacethatdeskletinthedesktop. ToconfigurethedeskletrightclickonthatdeskletandchooseConfiguredesklet. Toremovethedeskletfromthedesktopplacethemousearrowabovethatdesklet.Click therightmousebuttonandselectRemovedesklet.Awindowappears.Inthatclick Delete. Toplacethedeskletinanyotherpositioninthedesktopplacethemousearrowabove thatdesklet.ClicktherightmousebuttonandselectMovedesklet.Themousepointer changesintohandsymbol.Movethedesklettothepositionwhereyouwanttoplaceit andthenclicktheleftmousebutton.

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5. LinuxBasicswithBOSSGNU/Linux
ThissectioncoverstheLinuxbasics,whichhelpsyoutoworkwithBOSSGNU/Linux.This coversonlythebasicsasthisisnottheLinuxGuide.Thisjusthelpsyoutogetstartupwith BOSS GNU/Linux and help you in using for basic installation of packages and view the contentsetc.IfyouwanttolearnaboutLinuxindetail,thenpleasefindsomedocumentwhich iscompletelywrittenforLinuxandworkwithBOSSGNU/Linux.Ifyoufindanydifficulty anywherewhileusingBOSSGNU/Linux,theninformusatbosslinux@cdac.in

5.1 OpeningaShellPrompt
Thedesktopoffersaccesstoashellprompt,anapplicationthatallowsyoutotypecommands instead of using a graphical interface for all computing activities. While BOSS GNU/Linux Quick Start Guide primarily focuses on performing tasks using the graphical interface and graphicaltools,itissometimesusefulandfastertoperformtasksfromashellprompt. YoucanopenaShellprompt/TerminalbyselectingApplications>Accessories>Terminal.

To exit a shell prompt, click the X button on the upper right corner of the shell prompt window,ortypeexitattheprompt.

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5.2 CreateaNewUser
During the installation process of BOSS GNU/Linux, you will be able to create one user account.Ifyouwanttocreatesomemoreuseraccountsafterinstallationthenyoucanusethe GraphicalInterfaceforuserscreationelseyoucangowiththeshellprompt.Firstwewill discussabouttheGUImethodlaterwewilldiscussabouttheshellpromptmethod Tocreatenewuseraccount Select System>Administration>UsersandGroupsfromthemenuelseyoucan startthisGUIfromtheshellpromptbytypingusersadmin. Ifyouarenotloggedinasroot,youwillbepromptedforrootpassword. Thefollowingwindowwillappear.

Click on Add User, which opens an interface to enter details about the username, passwordetc.EnterallthedetailsandclickonOK.Thusthenewuserisadded. Tocreateauserfromshellprompt: Opentheterminalandtypeadduser. Ifyouarenotloggedinasrootthentypesutochangetorootuserandexecutethe addusercommand. Itpromptsyoutoenterthepasswordforthenewlycreateduserandfurtherdetails.You canskipthedetailsifyoudoesn'tneedthem.

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5.3 DocumentationforLinuxCommands
IfyouwanttolearnmoreabouttheLinuxcommandsthenyoucanseethemanpagesforeach commandwhichexplainsyouthedetailsaboutthecommandanditsusage.Manpagesofa commandarenothingbutthemanualpages.Theycanbeviewedbyusingthemancommand. Like: Syntax: $man<command> Example: $manls//Displaysthehelppageforthelscommand

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6. Networking
ConfiguringNetworkhassomesimplestepstobefollowed:

6.1 NetworkingthroughEthernet
1.GotoSystem>Preferences>NetworkConnectionsortypenmconnectioneditorin terminalandpressEnter

2.SelecttheWiredConnection

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3.SettheIPaddress,Gatewayetc.,andclickOK.

4.ClicktheApplybutton.

6.2 SettingupBroadbandInternetconnectionin

BOSS
1.Goto System>Preferences>NetworkConnectionsortypenmconnectioneditorin terminalandpressEnter

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2.Clickaddtoenternetworkconfigurationdetails. EntertheusernameandpasswordprovidedbytheISPprovider.IntheservicespecifyPPPoE.

4.IfyouhavestaticIPAddressprovidedbytheISPthenclickIpv4Settingsinthemenu. Enterthestaticipaddress,netmask,gatewayaddressandifanyDomainNameServerAddress specifyit.

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5.Afterenteringthenetworkdetailsclickapply. Alternativelyweconfigurebyfollowingprocedure. IfyourISPassignedausernameandpasswordtousewhenyouconnecttoyourbroadband Internetconnection,thenyoumustsetupPPPoEbeforeyoucanconnecttotheInternet.Click Administration > ADSL/PPPOE Configuration. This application will attempt to detect PPPoEuseonyournetwork,andthenenteryourusernameandpasswordtoconnecttotheISP . Ifthereisanypreviousconnectionmaketherequiredmodifications. Normallythe"UsePeerDNS"and"LimitedMSSproblem"aresetYES Ifyouwantyourinternetconnectiontobesetupeverytimeyoulogin.,thengiveYESfor Startupoption. SettheconnectionimmediatelyandenjoysurfinginBOSS. Ifyoudon'twanttogoforastartupoption,thenyoucanstarttheconnectionmanually everytimeondemandthroughterminalbyusingthefollowingcommand: sudopondslprovider TostoptheADSLconnectiontype sudopoffdslprovider Laterincaseifyouwanttosetuptheconnectioneverytimeinstartup.,ieatbootingtime., sudogedit/etc/network/interfaces andaddthebelowlinestothefile preup/sbin/ifconfigeth0up#linemaintainedbypppoeconf autodslprovider ifacedslproviderinetppp providerdslprovider 88

6.3 WirelessConnection
ToconfigurenetworkclickSystem>Administration>NetworkConnectionsortypenm connectioneditorinterminalandpressEnter. Anynetworksarenotshownorhiddenwirelessnetworksconfigurationwillsetupfollowing way. 1.Enterthenetworkname(SSID)

2.Enterthenetworkkey(WEP/128bit)toConnecttotheWirelessNetwork.

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3.ClickApply. SelectWirelessConnectioninthescreenthatappears. Now,bydefault,allthenetworkinterfacesareconfigured.Thedefaultinterfaceforyourwired connectionis eth0,thedefaultinterfaceforyourwirelessconnectionis eth1,whilethatfor yourmodemshouldbeppp0.ClickonWirelessConnection,andthenclickProperties. Onceyou'vefilledyourSSID(networkname)andWEPkey(ifthereisone),thenyouhaveto makesurethatyouhavethecorrectIPaddress.IfthereisnoIPaddress,leaveitonAutomatic configuration(DHCP)whichisthedefault.Ifthereis,changetheconfigurationtoStaticIP address,andinputyourIPaddressinthefieldsprovided.Afteryou'veclickedOK,youare readytogo. Byclickingthenetworkicon intaskbarinthedesktop,itshowsallthealltheavailabel networksincludingwireless,wiredconnections.belowsnopshotshowthesedetails.

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7. HardwareConfigurations
7.1 Printers
BOSSGNU/LinuxcontainsdriversformostofthePrinters,justyouhavetoconfigurethe printerIP .Theprocedureconsistof4steps: StepsforPrinterConfiguration 1. Go to System > Administration > Printing or type systemconfigprinter in terminalandpressEnter

2. ClickonNew

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3. Selectthethetypeoftheprinter.ForNetworkprinterentertheIPaddress,portnoand clickForward

4. SelectthePrinterCompanyandclickForward

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5. SelectthePrinterModelandclickForward.

So,nowyourprinterisconfiguredsuccessfully.

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InstallingPrinterdriversexternallyifnotavailableinBOSSGNU/Linux Ifyouarenotabletofindyourprintermodelinthelistprovidedthendownloadthedivers fromthefollowingwebsite: http://www.linuxprinting.org/printer_list.cgi HereyouselecttheprintercompanyandthemodelfromtheselectboxandclickonShow. ThiswillfollowupapagewhereyouneedtosearchfortheRecommendedDriverslineand clickonCustomPPDorDownloadPPD[Differsbasedonprinter].SavethisPPDfilein yoursystem. NowSelectthePrintingoptionfromSystem>Administration>Printing.IntheStep2of configuration(figureshownbelow)clickonProvidePPDFile.Thenclickontheopenfolder andselectthesavedPPDfile.Thisinstallsyourprinterdiversintoyoursystem.

7.2 ScannerUsage
Plugin the Scanner and select XSane Image Scanning Program from Applications > Graphics>XSaneImageScanningProgramortypexsaneinterminalandpressEnter Thescannerwillbedetectedandtheimagescanbescannednow. IfyourscannerdriversarenotalreadypresentinBOSSGNU/Linuxthenyoucandownload themfromthelink http://www.saneproject.org/sanemfgs.html andinstallthedrivers.The stepsforinstallationarementionedinthesoftwareitself. 94

7.3 USB
AssoonastheUSBispluggedin,itisautodetectedandcanbeusedwithoutanymanual mountingandconfiguring.

7.4 Webcam,DigitalCamera
Connectthedevicetoyoursystem. To use Webcam choose Applications > Graphics > Webcam Viewer or type cheese in terminalandpressEnter. TouseDigitalCamerachooseApplications>Graphics>gtkamortypegtkaminterminal andpressEnter. IfyourWebcamorDigitalcameradriversarenotalreadypresentinBOSSGNU/Linuxthen you can download them from the following link and install the drivers. The steps for installationarementionedinthesoftwareitself. Links: http://www.linux.com/howtos/WebcamHOWTO/devices.shtml http://alpha.ovcam.org/ov511/cameras.html#chipsets http://webcam.sourceforge.net/#cams http://www.cs.umu.se/~c00ahs/exjobb/philips/ http://www.saneproject.org/sanemfgs.html http://tuukkat.cabspace.com/quickcam/quickcam.html

7.5 BluetoothSupport
Bluetoothisanindustrialspecificationforwirelesspersonalareanetworks(PANs).Bluetooth providesawaytoconnectandexchangeinformationbetweendevicessuchasmobilephones, laptops, PCs, printers, digital cameras and video game consoles via a secure, globally unlicensedshortrangeradiofrequency. InternetConnectionthroughbluetoothusingmobile 1) ClicktheBluetoothiconintheDesktopanditwillsearchfortheallthebluetooth devicesconnectedtotheSystem. 2) Selectphonetoshowallmobiledevicesconnectedtothesystem.

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3) Selecttheparticularmobiledevicewanttosetupconnectionwiththesystem.afterclick 'forward'itwillshowthewindowhavingPINnumberthatshouldenteredinthemobile devicetosetupfinish.

4) Afterenteringthebluetoothandsystemisconnected.Itwillshowthewindowinthe systemhavingoption'connectinternetthroughyourmobilephone'selectthisoption andclose.

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5) NowYoursystemconnectedtointernet.NetworkiconshowsMobileInternetIcon. UsageofBluetooth 1.TransferdatafromyourPCtootherexternaldevice(adevicethatsupportsbluetooth). ActivatebluetoothinboththePCandtheexternaldevice. RightclickonthefileyouwanttosendthroughbluetoothandselectSentto.... Awindowasshowninthefigureappears.InSenttoselectthedevicetowhichyouwantto transferthefile.

2.Transferdatafromexternaldevice(adevicethatsupportsbluetooth)toyourPC. 97

ExternaldevicewilldetectyourPCas'BOSS0'(scanit) Sendfilefromyourdeviceusingbluetooth. InyourPC,Acceptrequestfromyourdevice. Datawillbeinyour$HOMEfolder.

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8. BharateeyaOO
OpenOffice.org (http://www.openoffice.org) is the Open Source project of StarOffice productivitysuitefromSunMicrosystems.Itisaunified,crossplatform,globalizedUnicode based suite of productivity software for all common office applications, including such functions as word processing, spreadsheets, drawings, presentations, data charting and formulaediting. TheprojectBharateeyaOOcommencedonthelinesoftheinternationalizationframeworksof OpenOffice.org, to achieve Indian language support in OpenOffice.org. With initiatives for localization of OpenOffice.org in major languages of India, and support for Complex Text Layout,Indianlocales,dictionaryandsortinginthesuite,onWindowsandLinuxplatforms, theprojectaimsataLocalizedandInternationalizedOfficesuiteinIndianLanguagesthatwill beavailablefreetoall.

DevelopmentEfforts
Aspartoftheproject,OpenOffice.orghasbeenbuiltfromsource(tag641)onWindowswith theresourcestringstranslatedandthesuitelocalizedinHindi,supportforIndianlocalesand ComplexTextLayoutforHindihasalsobeenimplemented.TheOpenOffice.orgcommunity hasgrantedajointcopyrighttothisworkdoneattheCentreforDevelopmentofAdvanced Computing(CDAC,formerlyNCST),ElectronicsCity,Bangalore,andaHindiNativeLanguage project has been setup in conjunction with this work at (http://hi.openoffice.org) to disseminateinformationontheproject,anditsdevelopmentalaspects.Thefollowingdetails thetechnicalaspectsofthedevelopment.

Build
OpenOffice.orgcontainsmorethan120individualprojectswithinit,comprisingmorethan9 millionlinesofcode.ForimplementationofIndianlanguagesupportwithinthesuite,itwas requiredtofirstbuildthereleasesfromsource,onbothWindowsandLinuxplatforms.This sourcethenneededtobestudiedintermsoflayout,platformindependentarchitectureand globalization support for complex text layout scripts like Indian languages, for accurate implementation of support for additional languages within the projects. Implementation changescouldthenbereflectedbydoingrebuildsofthesuite,withthechangedcode,and subsequenttestingandinstallationondifferentplatforms.

Localization
Localization involved translation of the OpenOffice.org glossary having 7000 strings and resourcestrings,withapproximately21000strings.Resourcestringswereextractedfromthe builtsource,translatedinHindi,andmergedbackwiththelocalizationtools.Forlocalizing thesource,theHindilanguagehadtobeaddedtothebuildenvironment,buildtools,resource systemandinstallationsetupprojects,altogethercomprising8independentmodulesofthe OpenOffice.orgsource.Finally,thislocalizedsource,containingHinditranslationswasthen 99

rebuilttoproduceaHindilocalizedinstallation,whichhadtheentireuserinterfaceelements (menus,strings,messages,tooltips,popups,dialogboxesandsoon)inHindi.

8.1 TheOpenOffice.orgApplicationModules
Module Writer Calc Impress Base Draw Math Purpose Wordprocessorapplicationmodule Spreadsheetapplicationmodule Presentationapplicationmodule Databaseapplicationmodule Applicationmodulefordrawingvectorgraphics Applicationmoduleforgeneratingmathematicalformulas

8.2 WordProcessingwithWriter
OpenOffice.org Writer is a fullfeatured word processor with page and text formatting capabilities. Its interface is similar to interfaces for other major word processors, and it includes some features that are usually found only in expensive desktop publishing applications. ThissectionhighlightsafewkeyfeaturesofWriter.Formoreinformationaboutthesefeatures andforcompleteinstructionsforusingWriter,lookattheOpenOffice.orghelp. To open writer, choose Applications > Office >OpenOffice.org 3.2 Writer or type openoffice.org3writerinterminalandpressEnter.

CreatingaNewDocument
Therearetwowaystocreateanewdocument: Tocreate adocument,click File>New>TextDocument.Enter textin thedocument window as desired. Use the Formatting toolbar or the Format menu to adjust the appearanceofthedocument.UsetheFilemenuortherelevantbuttonsinthetoolbarto print and save your document. With the options under Insert, add extra items to your document,suchasatable,picture,orchart. OpeningtheStylesandFormattingWindow TheStylesandFormattingwindowisaversatileformattingtoolforapplyingstylestotext, paragraphs, pages, frames, and lists. To open this window, click Format > Styles and 100

Formatting.OpenOffice.orgcomeswithseveralpredefinedstyles.Youcanusethesestylesas theyare,modifythem,orcreatenewstyles. ApplyingaStyle Toapplyastyle,selecttheelementyouwanttoapplythestyleto,andthendoubleclickthe styleintheStylesandFormattingwindow.Forexample,toapplyastyletoaparagraph,place thecursoranywhereinthatparagraphanddoubleclickthedesiredstyle.

UsingTemplatestoFormatDocuments
Mostwordprocessoruserscreatemorethanonekindofdocument.Forexample,youmight writeletters,memos,andreports,allofwhichlookdifferentandrequiredifferentstyles.Ifyou createatemplateforeachofyourdocumenttypes,thestylesyouneedforeachdocumentare alwaysreadilyavailable. Creatingatemplaterequiresalittlebitofupfrontplanning.Youneedtodeterminewhatyou wantthedocumenttolooklikesoyoucancreatethestylesyouneedinthattemplate.Youcan alwayschangeyourtemplate,butalittleplanningcansaveyoualotoftimelater. CreatingaTemplate Atemplateisatextdocumentcontainingonlythestylesandcontentthatyouwanttoappear in every document, such as your address information and letterhead on a letter. When a documentiscreatedoropenedwiththetemplate,thestylesareautomaticallyappliedtothat document. Tocreateatemplate: 1.ClickFile>New>TextDocument. 2.Createthestylesandcontentthatyouwanttouseinanydocumentthatusesthis template. 3.ClickFile>Templates>Save... 4.Specifyanameforthetemplate. 5.IntheCategoriesbox,clickthecategoryyouwanttoplacethetemplatein. Thecategoryisthefolderwherethetemplateisstored. 6.ClickOK. Touseatemplate,selectFile>New>TemplatesandDocuments.Selectthetemplateyou wantandaddthenecessarydetails.

UsingWriterasanHTMLEditor
Inadditiontobeingafullfeaturedwordprocessor,WriteralsofunctionsasanHTMLeditor. Writer includes HTML tags that can be applied as you add any other style in a Writer 101

document.Youcanviewthedocumentasitwillappearonline,oryoucandirectlyeditthe HTMLcode. CreatinganHTMLDocument 1.ClickFile>New>HTMLDocument. 2.ClickthearrowatthebottomoftheStylesandFormattingwindow. 3.SelectHTMLStyles. 4.CreateyourHTMLdocument,usingthestylestotagyourtext. 5.ClickFile>SaveAs. 6.Selectthelocationwhereyouwanttosaveyourfile,namethefile,andselect HTMLDocument(.html)fromtheFilterlist. 7.ClickOK. IfyouprefertoeditHTMLcodedirectly,orifyouwanttoseetheHTMLcodecreatedwhen youeditedtheHTMLfileasaWriterdocument,clickView>HTMLSource.InHTMLSource mode,theFormattingandStyleslistisnolongeravailable.

8.3 UsingSpreadsheetswithCalc
Calc is the OpenOffice.org spreadsheet application. To open calc choose Applications > Office>OpenOffice.org3.2Calcortypeopenoffice.org3calcinterminalandpressEnter. TocreateanewspreadsheetclickFile>New>Spreadsheet.Toopenanalreadyexisting fileclickFile>Open. Inthespreadsheetcells,enterfixeddataorformulas.Aformulacanmanipulatedatafrom othercellstogenerateavalueforthecellinwhichitisinserted.Youcanalsocreatecharts fromcellvalues.

UsingFormattingandStylesinCalc
Calc comes with a few builtin cell and page styles to improve the appearance of your spreadsheetsandreports.Althoughthesebuiltinstylesareadequateformanyuses,youwill probablyfinditusefultocreatestylesforyourownfrequentlyusedformattingpreferences. CreatingaStyle ClickFormat>StylesandFormatting. 1. IntheStylesandFormattingwindow,clickeithertheCellStylesorthePageStyles icon.

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2. RightclickintheStylesandFormattingwindow,thenclickNew.... 3. Specifyanameforyourstyleandusethevarioustabstosetthedesiredformatting options. 4. ClickOK. ModifyingaStyle 1. ClickFormat>StylesandFormatting. 2. In the Formatting and Styles window, click either the Cell Styles or the Page Stylesicon. 3. Rightclickthenameofthestyleyouwanttochange,thenclickModify.... 4. Changethedesiredformattingoptions. 5. ClickOK.

UsingTemplatesinCalc
Ifyouusedifferentstylesfordifferenttypesofspreadsheets,youcanusetemplatestosave yourstylesforeachspreadsheettype.Then,whenyoucreateaparticulartypeofspreadsheet, opentheapplicabletemplateandthestylesyouneedforthattemplateareavailableinthe StylesandFormattingwindow. CreatingaTemplate ACalctemplateisaspreadsheetthatcontainsstylesandcontentthatyouwanttoappearin everyspreadsheetcreatedwiththattemplate,suchasheadingsorothercellstyles.Whena spreadsheetiscreatedoropenedwiththetemplate,thestylesareautomaticallyappliedtothat spreadsheet. Tocreateatemplate: 1. ClickFile>New>Spreadsheet. 2. Createthestylesandcontentthatyouwanttouseinanyspreadsheetthatusesthis template. 3. ClickFile>Templates>Save. 4. Specifyanameforthetemplate. 5. IntheCategoriesbox,clickthecategoryyouwanttoplacethetemplatein. Thecategoryisthefolderwherethetemplateisstored. 6. ClickOK. 103

TousethetemplateinyourdocumentselectFile>New>TemplatesandDocumentsand selectthenameofthetemplateyouwanttouse.

8.4 UsingPresentationswithImpress
UseOpenOffice.orgImpresstocreatepresentationsforscreendisplayorprinting,suchasslide shows or transparencies. If you have used other presentation software, you can move comfortablytoImpress,whichworksverysimilarlytootherpresentationsoftware.Impresscan open and save Microsoft PowerPoint presentations, which means you can exchange presentationswithPowerPointusers,aslongasyousaveyourpresentationsinPowerPoint format. Toopenpresentation,chooseApplications>Office>OpenOffice.org3.2Impressortype openoffice.org3impressinterminalandpressEnter.

CreatingaPresentation
Tocreateanewpresentation,clickFile>New>Presentation.Selecttheoptiontousefor creatingthepresentation. Therearetwowaystocreateapresentation: 1.Createanemptypresentation OpensImpresswithablankslide.Usethisoptiontocreateanewpresentationfromscratch, withoutanypreformattedslides. 2.Createapresentationfromatemplate OpensImpresswithyourchoiceoftemplate.Usethisoptiontocreateanewpresentationwith apredesignedOpenOffice.orgtemplateoratemplateyouvecreatedorinstalledyourself,such asyour companyspresentationtemplate.Impressusesstylesandtemplatesthesameway otherOpenOffice.orgmodulesdo.

UsingMasterPages
Masterpagesgiveyourpresentationaconsistentlookbydefiningthewayeachslidelooks, whatfontsareused,andothergraphicalelements.Impressusestwotypesofmasterpages: 1.Slidemaster Containselementsthatappearonallslides.Forexample,youmightwantyourcompanylogo to appear in the same place on every slide. The slide master also determines the text formattingstylefortheheadingandoutlineofeveryslidethatusesthatmasterpage,aswell asanyinformationyouwanttoappearinaheaderorfooter.

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2.Notesmaster Determinestheformattingandappearanceofthenotesinyourpresentation.

CreatingaSlideMaster
Impresscomes with acollection of preformatted master pages. Eventually,most users will wanttocustomizetheirpresentationsbycreatingtheirownslidemasters. 1.StartImpress,thencreateanewemptypresentation. 2.ClickView>Master>SlideMaster. ThisopensthecurrentslidemasterinMasterView. 3.Rightclickthelefthandpanel,thenclickNewMaster. 4.Edittheslidemasteruntilithasthedesiredlook. 5.ClickCloseMasterVieworchooseView>NormaltoreturntoNormalView.

ApplyingaSlideMaster
Slidemasterscanbeappliedtoselectedslidesortoallslidesinthepresentation. 1. Openyourpresentation,thenclickView>Master>SlideMaster. 2. (Optional)Ifyouwanttoapplytheslidemastertomultipleslides,butnottoallslides, selecttheslidesthatyouwanttousethatslidemaster. 3. Toselectmultipleslides,intheSlidesPane,pressCtrlandclickontheslidesyouwant tousethatslidemaster. 4. IntheTaskPane,rightclickthemasterpageyouwanttoapply.Ifyoudonotseethe TaskPane,clickView>TaskPane. 5. Applytheslidemasterbyclickingoneofthefollowing:. ApplytoAllSlides Appliestheselectedslidemastertoallslidesinthepresentation. ApplytoSelectedSlides Appliestheselectedslidemastertothecurrentslide,ortoanyslidesyouselectbefore applyingtheslidemaster.Forexample,ifyouwanttoapplyadifferentslidemastertothe firstslideinapresentation,selectthatslide,thenchangetoMasterViewandapplyaslide mastertothatslide.

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8.5 UsingDatabaseswithBase
UseBasetodesignadatabasetostoremanydifferentkindsofinformation,fromasimple addressbookorrecipefiletoasophisticateddocumentmanagementsystem.Tables,forms, queries,andreportscanbecreatedmanuallyorusingconvenientwizards.Forexample,the TableWizardcontainsanumberofcommonfieldsforbusinessandpersonaluse.Databases createdinBasecanbeusedasdatasources,suchaswhencreatingformletters. To open database choose, Applications > Office > OpenOffice.org 3.2 Base or type openoffice.org3baseinterminalandpressEnter.

CreatingaDatabaseUsingPredefinedOptions
Basecomeswithseveralpredefineddatabasefieldstohelpyoucreateadatabase.Theprocess forcreatingadatabasecanbebrokenintoseveralsubprocesses: CreatinganewDatabase First,tocreateanewdatabasefollowthesesteps: 1. ClickFile>New>Database. 2. SelectCreateanewdatabase,thenclickNext. 3. ClickYes,registerthedatabaseformetomakeyourdatabaseinformationavailable tootherOpenOffice.org modules,selectbothcheckboxesinthebottomhalf ofthe dialog,thenclickFinish. 4. Browse to the directory where you want to save the database, specify a name for thedatabase,thenclickOK. Firsttimewhenyouusethedatabaseitwilldisplayawindowasshowninthisfigure.

ToinstallJRE,followthesesteps: Openterminal.ToopenterminalchooseApplications>Accessories>Terminal Typevi/etc/apt/sources.list. Afilewillbeopened.Inthattypedebhttp://packages.bosslinux.in/bossBOSSmain

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 Commentalltheotherlinesinthatfilebytyping#infrontofeachline. TosavethefilepressEsc+:+wq OpenSynapticPackageManager.ToopenSynapticPackageManagerchooseSystem> Administration>SynapticPackageManager. Install sunj2re1.5. To install rightclick on that package name and click Mark for Installation.ClickApply.

SettingUptheDatabaseTable
Dataisstoredintables.Asanexample,yoursystemaddressbookthatyouuseforyouremail addressesisatableoftheaddressbookdatabase.Eachaddressisadatarecord,presentedasa rowinthattable.Thedatarecordsconsistofdatafields,forexamplethefirstandthelast namefieldsandtheemailfield. CreatingaNewTableusingtheTableWizard 1. Openthedatabasefilewhereyouwanttocreatethenewtable. 2. Intheleftpaneofthedatabasewindow,clicktheTablesicon. 3. ClickUseWizardtoCreateTable. CreatingaNewTableusingtheDesignView 1. Openthedatabasefilewhereyouwanttocreatethenewtable. 2. Intheleftpaneofthedatabasewindow,clicktheTablesicon. 3. ClickCreateTableinDesignView. CreatingaNewTableView Some database types support table views. A table view is a query that is stored with the database.Formostdatabaseoperations,aviewcanbeusedasyouwoulduseatable. 1. Openthedatabasefilewhereyouwanttocreatethenewtableview. 2. Intheleftpaneofthedatabasewindow,clicktheTablesicon. 3. ClickCreateView.

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WorkingwithQueries
Ifyouoftenwanttoaccessonlyasubsetofyourdatathatcanbewelldefinedbyafilter condition,youcandefineaquery.Thisisbasicallyanameforthenewviewatthefiltered data.Youopenthequeryandseethecurrentdatainthetablelayoutthatyoudefined. CreatingaNewQueryusingtheQueryWizard InOpenOffice.orgyoucancreateanewqueryusingtheQueryWizard: 1. Openthedatabasefilewhereyouwanttocreatethenewquery. 2. Intheleftpaneofthedatabasewindow,clicktheQueriesicon. 3. ClickUseWizardtoCreateQuery. CreatingaNewQueryusingtheDesignView 1. Openthedatabasefilewhereyouwanttocreatethenewquery. 2. Intheleftpaneofthedatabasewindow,clickthe"Queriesicon. 3. ClickCreateQueryinDesignView.

WorkingwithForms
Usingforms,youcandefinehowtopresentthedata.Openatextdocumentoraspreadsheet andinsertthecontrolssuchaspushbuttonsandlistboxes.Inthepropertiesdialogofthe controls,youcandefinewhatdatatheformsshoulddisplay. CreatingaNewFormWiththeFormWizard InOpenOffice.org,youcancreateanewformusingtheFormWizard: 1. Openthedatabasefilewhereyouwanttocreatethenewform. 2. Intheleftpaneofthedatabasewindow,clicktheFormsicon. 3. ClickUseWizardtoCreateForm. CreatingaNewFormManually 1. Openthedatabasefilewhereyouwanttocreatethenewform. 2. Intheleftpaneofthedatabasewindow,clicktheFormsicon.

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3. ClickCreateForminDesignView. 4. Anewtextdocumentopens.UsetheFormcontrolstoinsertthecontrolsintotheform.

WorkingwithReports
Areportisatextdocumentthateithershowsthecurrentdataorthedataatthetimethe reportwascreated. CreatingaNewReportWiththeReportWizard InOpenOffice.orgyoucancreateanewreportusingtheReportWizard. 1. Openthedatabasefilewhereyouwanttocreatethenewreport. 2. Intheleftpaneofthedatabasewindow,clicktheReportsicon. 3. ClickUseWizardtoCreateReport.

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9. SCIM&OnScreenKeyboard
9.1 SCIM
TheSmartCommonInputMethodplatform(SCIM),isaninputmethodplatformsupporting morethanthirtylanguages(CJKandmanyEuropeanlanguages)forPOSIXstyleoperating systemsincludingLinuxandBSD. HowtoConfiguredifferentKeyboardusingSCIMinBOSSGNU/Linux OpenGedit/vi/OpenOffice.

1.Presscontrol+spacetoinvoketogglenotificationiconontaskbar. 2.ItwillshowmenuofInputMethodsavailableinBOSSGNU/Linux. 3.Selectanylanguage.ExampleTamil.

Threedifferenttypeofkeyboardsaresupported i)PhoneticKeyboard:KeyboardsarewidelyusedandithasgottheEnglishkeysinit.So, type some Indian language through this keyboard, the Indian alphabets are written phonetically (a combination of keys can be used to represent one Indian language character)usingtheEnglishalphabets.Forexample,thefirstletterofhindialphabet canbewrittenas'ka'throughEnglishphonetickeyboard. ii)InscriptKeyboard:KeyboardsareusedwhichcontainsIndianalphabetsasthekeyof thiskeyboard.Sobytypingthosekeysthecontentofthatlanguagecanbewritten. iii) RemingtonKeyboard: KeyboardalsocontainskeysoftheIndianlanguagesandthe arrangementofthekeysfollowthearrangementofatypewriter. Howtousescim Open theeditorinwhicheveryouwanttotypeindifferentlanguage,eitherTextEditoror OpenOffice. Nowpress Ctrl+Space toactivatethelanguages.Youcanseethelanguagesactivatedinthe bottomrightcornerasshownbelow:

Clickonthewindowdisplayedlikeabove,youwillseethelanguageslistandtherespective 110

keyboardssupported.Selectthelanguageandkeyboardsupportandstarttyping.

Supported Languages in BOSS GNU/Linux are Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Punjabi, Marathi,Bengali,Gujarati,andKannada. BengaliInscriptLayout

GujaratiInscriptLayout

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KannadaInscriptLayout

MalayalamInscriptLayout

TamilInscriptLayout

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TeluguInscriptLayout

9.2 OnScreenKeyboard
OnScreenKeyboardisautilitythatdisplaysavirtualkeyboardonthecomputerscreenthat allowspeoplewithmobilityimpairmentstotypedatabyusingapointingdeviceorjoystick. Besides providing a minimum level of functionality for some people with mobility impairments,OnScreenKeyboardcanalsohelppeoplewhodonotknowhowtotype.On ScreenKeyboardistheotherwaywhichallowsyoutotypeinyournativelanguageandcreate yourdocumentations,mailsetc. UsageoftheOnScreenKeyboard 1.Start the OnScreen Keyboard through Applications > Accessories > OnScreen KeyboardortypeeazykeyboardinterminalandpressEnter

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2.Selectthelanguagefrom,Languagesmenu.

Theextralettersalongwiththelanguageindicatethetypeofkeyboardlayout. RRemington InInscript eg: HindiR represents Hindi Remington Keyboard and HindiIn represents Hindi InscriptKeyboard 3.Typeindifferentlanguages Now you can open any of your favorite editor, and start typing in Hindi,Tamil, Malayalam,Bengali,Kannada,Telugu,Punjabi,Gujarathilanguages.

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EnjoyusingOnScreenKeyboard

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10. Internet
10.1 BrowsingwithIceweasel
IncludedwithBOSSistheIceweaselWebbrowser.Withfeaturesliketabs,popupwindow blocking, and download and image management, Iceweasel combines the latest Web technologies.YoucanviewmorethanoneWebpageinasinglewindow.Youcansuppress annoying advertisements and disable images that only slow you down. Its easy access to differentsearchengineshelpsyoufindtheinformationyouneed. To start Iceweasel choose Applications > Internet > Iceweasel Web Browser or type iceweaselinterminalandpressEnter. Iceweaselhasmuchthesamelookandfeelasotherbrowsers.Thenavigationtoolbarincludes ForwardandBackbuttonsandalocationbarforenteringwebaddress.Bookmarksarealso availableforquickaccess.

10.1.1 TabbedBrowsing
Ifyouoftenusemorethanonewebpageatatime,tabbedbrowsingmaymakeiteasierto switchbetweenthem.LoadWebsitesinseparatetabswithinonewindow.

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Toopenanewtab,selectFile>NewTab.ThisopensanemptytabintheIceweaselwindow. Alternatively,rightclickalinkandselectOpenlinkinNewTab.Rightclickthetabitselfto accessmoretaboptions.Youcancreateanewtab,reloadoneorallexistingtabs,orclose them.Youcanalsochangethesequenceofthetabsbydragginganddroppingthemona requestedposition.

10.1.2 UsingtheSidebar
Usetheleftsideofyourbrowserwindowforviewingbookmarksorthebrowsinghistory.To displaytheSidebar,selectView>Sidebarandselectthedesiredcontents.

10.1.3 FindingInformation
TherearetwowaystofindinformationinIceweasel:thesearchbarandthefindbar.The searchbarlooksforpageswhilethefindbarlooksforthingsonthecurrentpage.

10.1.3.1 FindingInformationontheWeb
Iceweaselhasasearchbarthatcanaccessdifferentengines,likeGoogle,Yahoo,orAmazon. Forexample,ifyouwanttofindinformationaboutBharatOperatingSystemSolutionsusing thecurrentengine,clickinthesearchbar,typeBharatOperatingSystemSolutionsandhit Enter.Theresultsappearsinyourwindow.Tochooseyoursearchengine,clicktheicontothe leftofthesearchbar.Amenuopenswithalistofavailablesearchengines. InstallingadifferentSearchEngine Ifyourfavoritesearchengineisnotlisted,Iceweaselgivesyouthepossibilitytoconfigureit. Trythefollowingsteps: 1.EstablishanInternetconnectionfirst. 2.Clicktheicontotheleftofthesearchbar. 3.SelectManageSearchEngines...fromthemenu. 4.ClickGetmoresearchengines.... 5.Iceweasel displays a web page with available search engines. You can choose from Wikipedia,IMDB,Flickr,andothers.Clickthedesiredsearchplugin. 6.InstallyoursearchpluginbyclickingAddorabortwithCancel.

10.1.3.2 SearchingintheCurrentPage
Tosearchinsideawebpage,clickEdit>FindorpressCtrl+F.Thefindbaropens.Usually,it isdisplayedatthebottomofawindow.Typeyourqueryintheinputfield.Iceweaselfindsthe 117

firstoccurrenceofthisphrase.YoucanfindotheroccurrencesofthephrasebypressingCtrl+G or Next button in the find bar. You can also highlight all occurrences by pressing the Highlightallbutton.CheckingtheMatchcaseoptionmakesthequerycasesensitive.

10.1.4 ManagingBookmarks
Bookmarksofferaconvenientwayofsavinglinkstoyourfavoritewebsites.Toaddthecurrent websitetoyourlistofbookmarks,clickBookmarks>BookmarkThisPage.Ifyourbrowser currentlydisplaysmultiplewebsitesontabs,onlytheURLonthecurrentlyselectedtabis addedtoyourlistofbookmarks. Whenaddingabookmark,youcanspecifyanalternativenameforthebookmarkandselecta folder where Iceweasel should store it. To bookmark web sites on multiple tabs, select BookmarkAllTabs....Iceweaselcreatesanewfolderthatincludesbookmarksofeachsite displayedoneachtab.Toremoveawebsitefromthebookmarkslist,clickBookmarks,right clickthebookmarkinthelist,thenclickDelete.

10.1.4.1 UsingtheBookmarkManager
Thebookmarkmanagercanbeusedtomanagetheproperties(nameandaddresslocation)for eachbookmarkandorganizethebookmarksintofoldersandsections. Toopenthebookmarkmanager,clickBookmark>OrganizeBookmarks....Awindowopens anddisplaysyourbookmarks.WithOrganize>NewFolder,createanewfolderwithaname andadescription.Ifyouneedanewbookmark,clickOrganize>NewBookmark...Thislets youinsertthename,location,keywords,andalsoadescription.Thekeywordisashortcutto yourbookmark.Ifyouneedyournewlycreatedbookmarkinthesidebar,checkLoadthis bookmarkinthesidebar.

10.1.4.2 ImportingBookmarksfromOtherBrowsers
Ifyouusedadifferentbrowserinthepast,youprobablywanttouseyouroldbookmarksin Iceweasel,too.Iceweaselallowstoimportbookmarksfromotherbrowsersinstalledonyour systemsuchasNetscapeorOpera.Italsoallowstoimportbookmarksfromafileexported fromabrowserondifferentcomputer. Toimportyoursettings,clickFile>Import.Selectthebrowserfromwhichtoimportsettings andclickNextorchooseafile.Findyourimportedbookmarksinanewlycreatedfolder, beginningwithFrom.

10.1.4.3 LiveBookmarks
Livebookmarksdisplayheadlinesinyourbookmarkmenuandkeepyouuptodatewiththe 118

latestnews.Thisenablesyoutosavetimewithoneglanceatyourfavoritesites. Manysitesandblogssupportthisformat.AWebsiteindicatesthisbyshowinganorangeicon intherightpartofthelocationbar.ClickitandchooseSubscribetothisfeedusingLive Bookmarksoption.ClickSubscribeNowinthepagethatopens.Adialogboxopensinwhich toselectthenameandlocationofyourlivebookmark.ConfirmbyclickingAdd.

10.1.5 UsingtheDownloadManager
Withthehelpofthedownloadmanager,keeptrackofyourcurrentandpastdownloads.To openthedownloadmanager,clickTools>Downloads.Iceweaselopensawindowwithyour downloads.Whiledownloadingafile,seeaprogressbarandthecurrentfile.Ifnecessary, pauseadownloadandresumeitlater.Toopenadownloadedfile,rightclickonthefileand clickOpen.ToRemove,selectRemoveFromList. Ifyouneedfurthercontrolofthedownloadmanager,opentheconfigurationwindowfrom Edit>PreferencesandgototheMaintab.Here,determinethedownloadfolderandhow themanagerbehaves.

10.1.6 AddingSmartKeywordstoYourOnlineSearches
SearchingtheInternetisoneofthemaintasksabrowsercanperformforyou.Iceweasellets youdefineyourownsmartkeywords:abbreviationstouseasacommandforsearchingthe web.Forexample,ifyouuseWikipediaoften,useasmartkeywordtosimplifythistask: Gotohttp://en.wikipedia.org. AfterIceweaseldisplaysthewebpage,seethesearchtextfield.Rightclickitthenchoose AddaKeywordforthisSearchfromthemenuthatopens. AddBookmarkdialogappears.InName,namethiswebpage,forexample, Wikipedia(en). ForKeyword,enteryourabbreviationofthisWebpage,forexample,wiki. WithCreatein,choosethelocationoftheentryinyourbookmarkssection.You canputitintoanyfolder. FinalizewithAdd. Youhavesuccessfullygeneratedanewkeyword.Wheneveryouneedtolookinto Wikipedia,youdonothavetousetheentireURL.JusttypewikiLinuxtoviewanentryabout Linux.

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10.1.7 PrintingfromIceweasel
ConfigurethewayIceweaselprintsthecontentitdisplaysusingthePageSetupdialog.Click File>PageSetup... andselecttheorientationofyourprintjobs.Youcanscaleormakeit adjustautomatically. Afteryouconfiguredyoursettings,printawebpagewithFile>Print...Selecttheprinteror afileinwhichtosavetheoutput.Changetherequiredsettings.Whensatisfiedwithyour settings,approvewithPrint.

10.2 MailClient
Anemailclient,alsocalledamailuseragent(MUA),isacomputerprogramthatisusedto receiveandsendemail.Featuressuchasstorageofmailsinthelocalsystem,takingbackupof themails,filteringthemintofiltersareallwellsupportedbyourmailclient,Icedove.

10.2.1 Icedove
ThissectionbrieflycoversthebasicstepsforsendingandreceivingemailwithIcedove. TostartIcedove,chooseApplications>Internet>IcedoveMailClientortypeicedovein terminalandpressEnter. 1.YouarepresentedwithaNewAccountSetupscreen.Selectthetypeofaccountyoulike tosetupandclickNextbutton.

2.In Your Name field enter the name you like to appear in the From field of your outgoingmessages. InEmailAddressfieldenteryouremailaddress

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3.EntertheusernamegiventoyoubytheemailproviderintheYournamefield 4.AutomaticallyIcedovewilltakeincomingandoutgoingserver.

5.Manuallyyoucanspecifytheincomingserverandoutgoingserverinformation

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6.Ascreenshowingtheaccountinformationappears.ClickCreateAccounttosavethese settingsandexittheaccountwizard.

Nowyouraccountiscreated.

Nowyoucanuseyouricedovemailclienttoviewyourmailsandsendmailswithdifferent formattings,colors,attachmentsetc.Youcanevenimportyouraddressbooksfromtheoutlook expressoranyothermailclient.Theprocedureisassimpleastheaccountcreation. 1.Exporttheaddressbookfromyourmailserverintotheicedoveformat.Itmaybe .LDIF,.tab,.csv,txt. 122

2.Opentheicedovemailclient,gotoTools>AddressBook,whichopenstheaddress bookinterface. 3.GotoTools>Import...,andselectAddressBooksfromthewizarddisplayed. 4.Selectthefilethatyouhavejustexportedintoyoursystemandclicknext 5.Nowallyouraddressesfromtheaddressbookareinyouricedove. Thesimilarwayyoucantakebackupofaddressesintoafileandimportinanyothermail client,whichsupportsthespecifiedformats.

1.IcedoveandNewsgroup
Newsgroups are Internet discussion groups with specific topics. The discussions are in threadedformat(whichmeansalltopicsandresponsestothetopicaresortedandorganized for convenient reading) and subscribing to a group is easy. You are not required to post messages;instead,youcanjustlurk,whichisaNewsgrouptermforreadingwithoutposting messages.ThereareagreatmanynewsgroupsontheWebwithtopicsrangingfrompoliticsto computergamestorandomstrangethoughts.Youcanevenpostanddownloadpicturesand filestoNewsgroups(althoughyourISPmayrestrictNewsgroupstotextbasedpostingsonly). Tojoinanewsgroup,youfirstneedtosetupanewsgroupaccount.Clickonyourmailaccount nameinthesidebarandselectCreateanewaccount fromtheoptionsthatappearonthe right of the screen. The New Account Setup screen appears again. Select Newsgroup accountandthenclickNext. Enteryour nameandemailaddressintheblankfieldsandclickNext.Onthefollowing screen,enterthenameofyournewsserver(ifyoudonotknowthenameofyournewsserver, contactyourInternetServiceProviderornetworkadministratorforthisinformation).Onthe lastfewscreens,youcandeterminethenameofthisaccountandreviewyoursettings. Thenewsgroupaccountyoucreatedappearsinthesidebaroftheicedovemailscreen.Right click on this account name and select Subscribe.... A dialog box appears, listing all the newsgroupsavailable.SelectthegroupsyouareinterestedinreadingandclickSubscribe. Whenyouaredone,clickonOK. Doubleclickonthenewsgroupaccountnameandthelistofgroupsyouaresubscribedto appearsbeneath.Selectthenewsgroupyouwanttoaccessandadialog boxappearswith informationaboutdownloadingandreadingexistingmessages.Postingtoanewsgroupisjust likewritinganemail,exceptthatthenewsgroupnameappearsintheTofieldratherthanan emailaddress.Tounsubscribefromanewsgroup,rightclickonthegroupnameandselect Unsubscribe.

2.SavetheEmailsintoyourlocalsystem
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YouhaveLocalfolders inyouricedovewindow,whicharethefoldersinyourlocalsystem harddiskandthecontentstoredinthesefolderscanbeviewedwhenyouareofflineandcan saveyourmailsinthesefolderstosavethemailservermemoryspace. 1.CreateyourownfolderbyrightclickingontheLocalFoldersandclickNewFolder...

2.Onceyouhaveyourlocalfoldersreadynamedasperyourcomfort,openyourinboxin theicedovemailclient,selectthemailsthatyouwanttosaveinthelocalfolders(use Ctrlkeytoselectmorethanonemail)andrightclick.Itopensamenu,whereyoucan seeoptionslikeCopyTo(copiesthemailstolocalfolders)andMoveTo(deletesthe mailsfromtheserverandmovesintothelocalfolders),selectthatMoveToandthen thetargetfolderwhereyouwanttomovethemailsto. 3.Thatsit,nowyouhaveyourmailsstoredinyourlocalsystem.

3.BackupMailsandotherSettings
Totakethebackupofyourmails,addressbookandsettingsfromicedove,whenyoureinstall the operating system or change your system, you have to take the backup of the icedove settingsfolderandpasteitinthesamelocationofthenewOperatingsystem. BackupyourIcedoveemailandotherconfigfilesinthefollowingway 1.Thefilesarestored inthe.mozillathunderbird directorywhichresidesinyour home directory. 124

2.Assuming thehomedirectoryis/home/admin. Pleasereplaceitwithyour own in the followingcommands opentheterminalandexecutethefollowingcommands [admin@spooky~]$tarcvfzmythund_bkp.tar.gz/home/admin/.mozillathunderbird/ 3.Theabovecommandwillcreateanarchivenamedmythund_bkp.tar.gz Youcan usethis archive to restoreallyour files in caseof any problems using the followingcommandandyouremailswillberestored [admin@spooky~]$tarxvfmythund_bkp.tar.gz 4.StartIcedoveandyouremailswillbeinplace.Theadvantageoftheabove methodis thatitnotonlyrestoresemailsbutalsoyoursettings.Soyoudonothavetoreconfigure yourIMAPmailboxesetc.Evenyourextensionsarepreserved.

10.3 PidginInternetMessenger
Pidginisaninstantmessagingprogram.YoucantalktoyourfriendsusingAIM,ICQ,XMPP , MSNMessenger,Yahoo!,Bonjour,IRC,NovellGroupWiseMessenger,QQ,SIMPLE,and GoogleTalk. PidgincanlogintomultipleaccountsonmultipleIMnetworkssimultaneously.Thismeans thatyoucanbechattingwithfriendsonAIM,talkingtoafriendonYahooMessenger,and sittinginanIRCchannelallatthesametime. AfewpopularfeaturesofpidginareBuddyPounces,whichgivetheabilitytonotifyyou,send amessage,playasound,orrunaprogramwhenaspecificbuddygoesaway,signsonline,or returnsfromidle;andplugins,consistingoftextreplacement,abuddyticker,extended messagenotification,iconifyonaway,spellchecking,tabbedconversations,andmore. To start Pidgin Internet Messenger choose, Applications > Internet > Pidgin Internet MessengerortypepidgininterminalandpressEnter.

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WhenyoustarttheInternetMessengerthefollowingwindowappears. Tocreateanaccount,ClicktheAddbutton.

Forprotocol,alistappears.Selecttheoneinwhichyouarehavinganaccount Ifyouarehavinganemailidinyahoo,selecttheprotocolasYahoo.Forscreennamespecify theusername.Forpasswordtypethecorrespondingpassword. IfyouselecttheNewmailnotificationscheckbox,whenyouareinchattingifyoureceiveany newmailsinyouraccountitwillbebroughttoyournotice. AfterenteringalltherequireddetailsclickSave.

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SelectthePidginAvailableiconfromthepanel,thefollowingwindowappears.

Thetextinyellowbackgroundindicatesemailnotification. TosendinstantmessagesclickBuddies>NewInstantMessage TojoinachatclickBuddies>Joinachatroom IfyouwanttoaddanewnametothebuddieslistclickBuddies>AddBuddy If you want to add a new account or edit an already existing account click Accounts > Add/Edit. Toeditanalreadyexistingaccountselectthecorrespondingaccountasshowninthefigure.

TomodifyordeletetheaccountclicktheModifyorDeletebutton.Toaddanewaccount clicktheAddbutton.

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10.4 XChatIRC
XChatisanIRCchatprogramforbothLinuxandWindows.ItallowsyoutojoinmultipleIRC channels(chatrooms)atthesametime,talkpublicly,privateoneononeconversationsetc. Evenfiletransfersarepossible. TostartXChatchooseApplications>Internet>XChatIRCortypexchatinterminaland pressEnter. Whenyoufirststarttheprogramyou'llbepresentedwiththiswindow:

Here you can choose your nickname, a second choice (in case it's already taken), a third choice(incasethesecondchoiceisalsoalreadytaken),usernameandrealname.Theusername cangenerallybeanythingyoulike,justmakeitup. Thenextstepistochooseanetworktojoin.LetusseeanexampletojoinBOSSServer.Just selectBOSSServersandclickConnect. Hopefullyyourinternetconnectionisworkingwellandyou'veconnected.BydefaultBOSS ServerwillbeconnectedtoBOSSnrcfosschannel.Ifthechannelisnotspecifiedbydefaulta dialogwillpopupaskingyouenterthechanneltojoin.

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Ifyouknowthenameofthechannel,typethechannelnamee.g.#BOSSnrcfoss(IRCchannels usually begin with a hash symbol), and click OK. If you don't know the channel name, click Retrieve Channel list..., thiswillopenawindowandlistallthepossiblechannelsonthisnetwork. Onceyou'veselectedachannel,XChatshouldjoinitforyouandyoucanstartchattingby typing the queries in the text box at the bottom of the window.

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10.5 Dictionary
TheDictionaryapplicationenablesyoutosearchwordsandtermsonadictionarysource. To start dictionary choose, Applications > Accessories > Dictionary or type gnome dictionaryinterminalandpressEnter.

Lookingupaword Tolookupaword,typethatwordinthetextboxandpressEnter.Ifsomedefinitionforthe wordisfound,itwillappearinsidethemainwindowarea.

Savingtheresultoftheword Tosavetheresultsoftheword,chooseFile>SaveaCopy... Printingtheresultoftheword Toprinttheresultoftheword,chooseFile>Print...

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InsidethePrintdialog youcanselectthe printertouse,thepaperformat,thenumber of copies. Toseeapreviewofwhatwillbeprinted,clickPreview. Toprint,clickPrint. Findtext

Tofindoutaparticularwordfromthedisplayedresult,chooseEdit>Find.Inthebottoma textboxappears.Inthattypethewordtofind. Tofindthenextoccurrenceofthetext,clickNext. Tofindthepreviousoccurrenceofthetext,clickPrevious. DictionarySources ToviewdictionarysourcesclickEdit>Preferences

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Alistofavailablesourceswillbedisplayed.Clickonthesourcefromwhichyouwanttolook upwords. Addinganewdictionarysource ToaddanewsourceclicktheAddbuttonintheDictionaryPreferenceswindow.

OnceyouclickAddthenewsourcewillbeaddedtothelist.

InthefiguregivenabovewecanseethatSpanishDictionariesisaddedtothelist. Removingadictionarysource Select the source you want to remove and click Remove button. A confirmation dialog appears.InthatclickRemove. PrintOptions Tochangetheprintoptions,chooseEdit>Preferences.Inthewindowthatappearsclickon 132

Print.

TochangethefontnameandsizeofthetextclickthePrintfontbutton.

10.6 RemminaRemoteDesktopClient
RemminaisaremotedesktopclientwritteninGTK+,aimingtobeusefulfor systemadministratorsandtravellers,whoneedtoworkwithlotsofremotecomputersinfront ofeitherlargemonitorsortinynetbooks.Remminasupportsmultiplenetworkprotocolsinan integratedandconsistantuserinterface.CurrentlyRDP ,VNC,XDMCPandSSHaresupported. Tostartdictionarychoose, Applications>Internet>RemminaRemoteDesktopClient ortyperemminainterminalandpressEnter.

Selecttheprotocoltoconnectingtotheremotesystem. 133

VNCVirutalNetworkComputing SelectprotocolVNCVirtualNetworkingthenselectserveraddressandenter. Giveremotedesktopusernameandpasswordtoconnect.

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10.7 EkigaSofphone
Ekiga (formely known as GnomeMeeting) is an open source SoftPhone, Video ConferencingandInstantMessengerapplicationovertheInternet. ItsupportssoundqualityandvideouptoDVDsizeandquality. Itiswithmanyotherstandardcompliantsoftwares,hardwaresandserviceprovidersasituses boththemajortelephonystandards. EkigaSoftphoneisafreeVoiceoverIP ,commonlyVoIPorinternettelephony,serviceprovider. UsingVoIPislikeusingelectronicmails: Youneedanaddress.That'smainlywhatEkiga.netisfor:givingfreeSIPAddresses. You need a software to use this address. Any SIP aware software will do, but we recommendourfreeEkigasoftphone,whichhasInstantMessaging,AudioandVideo built.

10.7.1 Ekigaaccountcreation
Ekiga.netaccount Ekiga.netisafreeSIPservicesplatformprovidedto Ekiga users.Ifyouwanttocall 135

other users and to be callable, you need a SIP address. You can get one from http://www.ekiga.net.Ekiga.netalsooffersadditionalserviceslikeconferencerooms,voice mailoronlinewhitepages.

EkigaCallAccount EkigacanbeusedwithseveralInternetTelephonyServiceProviders. simplycreateanaccountusingthe"GetanEkigaCallOutaccount"link.Oncetheaccounthas beencreated,youwillreceivealoginandapasswordbyemail.Simplyentertheminthe dialog,andyouarereadytocallregularphonesusingEkiga.

10.8 LifereaDesktopNewsAggregator
Lifereaisasimpledesktopnewsaggregatorforonlinenewsfeeds.There are manyothernewsreadersavailable,buttheseothersarenotavailableforLinuxorrequire manyextralibrariestobeinstalled.Lifereatriestofillthisgapbycreatingafast,easytouse, easytoinstallnewsaggregatorforGTK/GNOME.

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10.8.1 SubscribeFeed
AsanewsaggregatorLifereaallowsyoutosubscribetodifferentsyndicationsources.Themost commonusecaseistosubscribetosinglefeeds.ButLifereaalsosupportssubscribingasource thatprovidesacollectionoffeeds.Soyoucansubscribeto: asinglefeed anyOPMLsource(aplanetfeedlist,ablogroll...) aBloglinesubscriptionlist aGoogleReadersubscriptionlist

Tocreateanewfeedsubscriptionselect"NewFeed"fromthefeedlist'scontextualmenuorthe "Subscriptions"menu.Adialogtocreateanewsubscriptionwillappear.

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10.8.2 SearchingFeedContent
SearchingforFeedContent
Lifereasupportsasimplecasesensitivetextsearchingintheitemcontentandtitlesofallyour subscriptions. Toopenthesearchdialogclickthesearchbuttoninthetoolbar.Enterthestringyouwantto searchforandclickthe"Search"button.Anyitemscontainingthestringeitherintheirtitleor theircontentshouldappearintheresultingitemlist.Alsotheitemcontentviewwillgiveyou amessageaboutthenumberofmatches.

PermanentSearcheswithSearchFolders
Ifyouwanttohavepermanentsearchesyoucancreateasearchfolderwhichwillbeaddedto yourfeedlistandcontainsallitemsmatchingthissearchrule. Todosoenteryoursearchtermintothesearchboxandclickthesearchbutton.Afterthe resultsappearclickthe"SearchFolder"buttontocreateasearchfolderfromthesearchresults. Nowasearchfoldershouldappearinyourfeedlist.Ifyouwantyoucaneditthesearchfolders

titleorchangeitsrulesbyopeningthepropertiesdialogeitherfromthe"Subscriptions"menu orthecontextualmenuinthefeedlist.

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10.9 TransmissionBitTorrentClient
TransmissionisaBitTorrentclient.Itisusedforpeertopeerfilesharingoverthe internet.BitTorrentisafastwayoftransferringfiles,becauseeveryonewhodownloadsmust alsouploadtoothers.Thismeansspeedsareonlylimitedbythenumberofpeopleconnected toagiventorrentthemorepeoplethebetter.

Downloadingafile
downloadtheassociatedtorrentfilehave.torrentextension. Oncedownloadedclickopenordoubleclickontorrentfilethedownloadstartimmediately. Youcanpauseandresumetransfersatanytime,solongasthefilesremaininyourdownload folder.

CreatingTorrentFile
TocreateatorrentfileclickFile>New...thenshowsfollowingNewTorrentWizard.

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Selectoptionfolderorsourcefiletocreatethetorrent. When the dialog box appears, choose your file/folder and enter your tracker address, commentsandprivatestatus. Onceyouaredone,click'New'.Transmissionwillautomaticallyoptimizethetorrentfilefor whatyouaresharing

10.10 Firestarter
FirestarterisanOpenSourcevisualfirewallprogram.Thesoftwareaimstocombineeaseof use with powerful features, therefore serving both Linux desktop users and system administrators. Tostart firestarter choose, Applications>Internet> firestarter ortype firestarter in terminalandpressEnter.

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TheFirestarterfirewallwizardisautomaticallylaunchedwhenyoustarttheprogramthefirst time. Startthefirewallondialout If you havea dialup (PPP) deviceor aVPN interfacewhere theconnectionwill be down occasionally,youshouldselectthisoption.Whenenabled,Firestarterwilltrytoreloadthe firewallassoonastheconnectionisestablished. IPAddressisassignedviaDHCP IfyournetworksettingssuchastheIPaddressofyoucomputerisdistributedviaDHCP ,you shouldenablethisoption.IfyouareconnectingtotheInternetusingacable,DSLordirect Ethernetconnectionyoushouldalmostalwaysselectthisoption.Itisperfectlysafetoselect this option even if there is no DHCP server on your network. With this option enabled, Firestarterwillreloadthefirewallwhenyournetworksettingschange.

10.10.1InternetConnectionSharingSetup
Internetconnection sharing allows several machines to access the Internet trougha single networkconnection.ThisisdoneusingNAT.Totheoutsideworldthegroupofmachineswill looklikeasinglemachinewithasingleIPaddress.

Atthefinalpageyouhavetooptiontoeitherdiscardyourchangesoracceptandsaveyour choices.Assoonasyouclicksave,thefirewallisstarted. ThestatuspageisthefirstpageyouseewhenyoustartupFirestarter Active Thefirewallisenabledandworking. Disabled Thefirewallhasbeenstopped.Inthisstatethesecuritypolicyisnotbeingenforced,all 141

connectionsareaccepted. Locked Thefirewallisinastateoflockdown.Nothingisallowedthroughthefirewall,neither innorout.

Thenetworksectionofthestatuspagegivesyouanoverviewofthenetworkresourceusage. Activeconnectionsisaviewintothefirewallengineitself.Itlistseveryestablishedconnection thefirewallistrackingatanygivenmoment.Theseconnectionsincludeincomingtraffictothe firewallaswellasoutgoingconnectionsandtheprogramstheyareassociatedwith.

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11. Graphics
11.1 DocumentViewer
TheEvinceDocumentViewerapplicationenablesyoutoviewdocumentsofvariousformats likePortableDocumentFormat(PDF)filesandPostScriptfiles. Tostartdocumentviewer,choose Applications>Graphics>DocumentViewer ortype evinceinterminalandpressEnter.

TheEvinceDocumentViewerwindowcontainsthefollowingelements: Openingadocument ToopenadocumentchooseFile>Open....Choosethenameofthefileyouwanttoopenand clickOpen.Thenameofthedocumentwillbedisplayedinthetitlebaroftheviewer.The contentsofthedocumentwillbedisplayedinthedisplayarea. Navigatingthroughthedocument 1.Toviewthenextpagedoanyoneofthefollowing: ChooseGo>NextPage 143

ClickNextbuttoninthetoolbar. 2.Toviewthepreviouspagedoanyoneofthefollowing: ChooseGo>PreviousPage ClickPreviousbuttoninthetoolbar. 3.ToviewthefirstpageinthedocumentChooseGo>FirstPage 4.ToviewthelastpageinthedocumentChooseGo>LastPage 5.Toviewaparticularpage,enterthepagenumberintheSelectPagetextboxonthetoolbar, thenpressEnter. Changingthepagesize 1. Toincreasethepagesize,chooseView>ZoomIn.ShortcutkeyisCtrl++ 2. Todecreasethepagesize,chooseView>ZoomOut.ShortcutkeyisCtrl+ 3. ToresizeapagetohavethesamewidthastheEvinceDocumentViewerdisplayarea, chooseView>FitPageWidth. 4. ToresizeapagetofitwithintheEvinceDocumentViewerdisplayarea,chooseView> BestFit. 5. ToresizetheEvinceDocumentViewerwindowtohavethesamewidthandheightas thescreen,chooseView>FullScreen.ToresizetheEvinceDocumentViewerwindow totheoriginalsize,clickontheLeaveFullScreenbutton. ViewingthePagesorDocumentStructure Toviewanypage,performthefollowingsteps: 1. ChooseView>SidePaneorpressF9. 2. Usethedropdownlistinthesidepaneheadertoselectwhethertodisplaydocument structureorpagesinthesidepane. 3. Usethesidepanescrollbarstodisplaytherequireditemorpageinthesidepane.Click onanentrytonavigatetothatlocationinthedocument.Clickonapagetonavigateto thatpageinthedocument. ViewingthePropertiesofaDocument Toviewthepropertiesofadocument,chooseFile>Properties.ShortcutkeyisAlt+Enter. ThePropertiesdialogdisplaysallinformationavailable. Printingthedocument Toprintthedocument,chooseFile>Print

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Copyingthedocument Tocopyafile,performthefollowingsteps: 1. ChooseFile>SaveaCopy... 2. Selectthelocationwhereyouwanttosavethefileandgiveanewnameforthecopy. 3. ClickSave. WorkingWithPasswordProtectedDocuments Anauthorcanusethefollowingpasswordlevelstoprotectadocument: Userpasswordthatallowsothersonlytoreadthedocument. Masterpasswordthatallowsotherstoperformadditionalactions,suchasprintthedocument. Whenyoutrytoopenapasswordprotecteddocument,EvinceDocumentViewerdisplaysa securitydialog.TypeeithertheuserpasswordorthemasterpasswordintheEnterdocument passwordtextbox,thenclickOpenDocument. Closingthedocument Toclosethedocument,chooseFile>Close

11.2 FSpotPhotoManager
ToopenFSpotchooseApplications Graphics FSpotPhotoManager ortypefspotin terminalandpressEnter.

11.2.1
Import

Organizingyourphotos

Youcanimportphotosfromyourharddriveoryourcamera.Whenyouimportyourphotos intoFSpotfromyourcamera,itwillalwaysmakeacopyofthem,leavingyoufreetoclear yourcamera'smemory.Bydefault,FSpotwillmakeacopyofphotosimportedfromyourhard drive.UnchecktheCopyoptionontheimportdialogorholdShiftwhendraggingphotosinto FSpotifyoudonotwishtocopythemfromyourharddrive. Toimportphotos,choosePhotosImport...orclicktheImportbuttoninthetoolbar. Bydefault,FSpotcopiesyourphotostothe~/Photosfolder.YoucanchangethefolderFSpot usesinPreferencesdialog(EditPreferences).

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Edit
Ifyoudoubleclickorpressenteronanimage,youenterEditmode,whereyoucanremove redeye,crop,andadjustbrightnessandcolors. Versions Whenyouedityourphotos,anewcopy(calledaversion)iscreated,soyouroriginalisnever altered.Afteryourfirsteditaphoto,subsequenteditswillmodifythesameversion.Ifyou wanttocreatemulitpleversionsofyourphoto,perhapswithdifferentcroppingorcoloring, youcandosoviathePhoto>CreateNewVersion...option. Crop Croppinganimageisagreatwaytoimprovethequalityofaphotographbyimprovinghowit isframed.Youcropaphotobyselectingthepartofthephotoyouwanttokeep.Ifyouwant yourphototobetheexactdimensionsnecessaryforacertainprintsize,youcanconstrainthe kindofselection.FSpotwillallowyoutodrawbychoosingtheappropriatesizefromthe constraintdropdown.

Onceyouhavemadeyourcropselection,youmustclickthecropbuttonbeneaththeimageto finalizethecrop.Ifyouareworkingwiththeoriginalphoto,croppingcreatesanewversion yourphoto. Straighten Straighteneffectisatooltolevelaphoto.

Thistoolrotatesanimagebyaspecifiedangleandautomaticallycropstheresultedimage,so thatyoualwaysseeaperfectrectangle. AdjustColors Toadjustthebrightness,contrast,andcolorsofaphoto,firstclicktheAdjustthephoto colorsicontoopentheAdjustColordialog.Changethensomesettingsandsavethemwith OK.

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AutoColor Thiseffectautomaticallyadjustscolorlevelstomakeaprettybalancedpicturecolorwise.It servesbestforpicturestakenwithautomaticalwhitebalance,whencameradidn'tmanageto dothejobwell. Desaturate Tomakeacolorfulphotoablackandwhiteone,openaphotoofchoiceandpressDesaturate button. Sepia Tomakeacolorfulphotolooklikeanoldstylepictureinsepiatones,openaphotoofchoice andpressSepiabutton. RemoveRedEye Toremoveredeyefromaphoto,youneedtoselectazonecontainingtheeyes.Youmaywant tozoominontheimagetoaccuratelyselecttheeyesinthephoto.Youshouldbeableto correctbotheyesonthesamepersoninoneshot,oreventheeyesfrommultiplepeopleat once.Ifthisdoesn'tworkforyou,ortheselectedzonecontainssomevividredparts(lips,...) you'llprobablyhavetocorrectoneredeyeatatime. Tomakeyourselection,clickonecorneroftherectanglethatwillbeyour selection, and drag yourmousetothediagonalcornerandreleaseit.Youcanresizeyourselectionbydraggingits edges,andyoucanmoveitbyclickinginthemiddleofitanddraggingittowhereyouwantit. Onceyouhaveselectedazone,youcanremovetheredfromitbyclickingtheredeyebutton beneaththephoto. SoftFocus Inphotographysharpeningoneregionofapicture,whileblurringalltherest,isawaytomake anemphasisandgrabattention.Itisachievedbyusingalensthatallowsshootingwithashort distanceinfrontofandbeyondthesubjectthatappearstobeinfocus.Softfocuseffectisa waytoemulatesuchalens.

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Clicktochoosecentralpointoftheareayouwanttobeinfocusandadjustamountofblurring, thenclickOK. Sharpen Outoffocusphotographsandmostdigitizedimagesoftenneedasharpnesscorrection.The UnsharpMaskeffectsharpensedgesoftheelementswithoutincreasingnoiseorblemish.To sharpenaphotochooseEdit>Sharpen...andspecifythefollowingvalues: Amountstrengthofsharpening. Radiushowmanypixelsoneithersideofanedgewillbeaffectedbysharpening.High resolutionimagesallowhigherradius. Thresholdtheminimumdifferenceinpixelvaluesthatindicatesanedgewheresharpen mustbeapplied.Thishelpsavoidingcreationofblemishesinface,skyorwatersurface. Describe Youcanalsoenteradescriptionoftheimagebyclickingonthetextentryboxbelowtheimage andtyping. AdjustTime Inboth'browse'or'edit'modes,youcanadjustthetimeofoneormultiplepictures(Edit> AdjustTime).

Tag
FSpotenablesyoutoorganizeandenjoyyourphotosbyassociatingthemwithvarioususer customizabletags.Atagisamerelyalabel.FSpotcomeswithdefaulttagstogetyoustarted. Youarefreetochangethemandaddnewones.Forexample,ifyouwanttocreateatagfor specificevent,youcancreateanewtagnamedafterthateventundertheEventstag. Therearemanywaystotagphotos: draganddropthephoto(s)ontothetag draganddropthetagontothephoto(s) viathephoto'srightclickmenu viatheTagsandEditmenus bytypingthemin(pressttopopupthetagentrybar,entercommaseparatedtags)withtab completion! Thefirstphotoyouassociatewithatagwillbeusedforthattag'sicon.Youcanalwaysedita tag'sname,parenttag,andiconbyrightclickingonitandchoosingEdittag. Youcanchangeatag'sparentbydragginganddroppingitwhereyoulike.Also,youcanedit 148

the name of atag by selecting it and pressing F2. Lastly,if you havethetag tree widget focused(e.g.youjustclickedonatag),youcanstarttypingthenameofatag,andallthe expandedtagsinthelistwillbesearchedandyou'lljumptoanymatchingones. You can also change size of tag icons in the sidebar or even make tag icons invisible by selectingpreferredoptionfromView>TagIconsmenu.

11.2.2
Browse

Enjoyingyourphotos

Youcanusethesliderwidgettobrowseyourphotosbymonthorbydirectory.Tochangethis setting,gotoView>ArrangedBy. FullscreenModeandSlideshows Forfewerdistractionsandlargerdisplay,youcanviewyourphotosinfullscreenmode.You controlwhentoshowthenextphotoortoreturntotheprevious.Enterfullscreenmodeby pressingF11atanytimeorbypressingthebuttoninthetoolbar. Inslideshowmode,youcansitbackandviewyourphotosastheyarepresentedtoyou.You canstartaslideshowbypressingthebuttononthetoolbar.

11.2.3
Email

Sharingyourphotos

TherearemanywaystoshareyourphotosusingFSpot.Allofthefollowingmethodswillonly sharethephotosyouhaveselectedwhenyourunthem. EmailyourphotosdirectlyfromFSpotwiththePhoto>SendbyMail...menu. Print PrintyourphotoswiththePhoto>Printmenu. BurntoCD BurnyourphotostoCDorDVDwiththePhoto>Exportto>CD...menu. Postphotostoyouronlinegalleries IfyouuseFlickr,SmugMug,23hqorPicasaWebAlbum,youcanpostyourfilesdirectlyfrom FSpotwiththePhoto>Exporttomenu,choosingcorrespondingsubmenuitem.

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11.3 ImageViewer
eogisanimageviewerandbrowserwrittenfortheGNOMEenvironment.Itletsyoubrowse your hard disk, showing you thumbnails of image files and view single images of many differentformats. ThemostcommonimageformatsareJPEGandGIF.TheJPEGformatisgoodformediumand bigsizedimagesbecauseithasahighcompressionratekeepingagoodimagequality.TheGIF formatisusedinWebpagesfordisplayinglittleanimationsorlittlestaticimages. AnotherimportantimageformatisPNG,thisformatisverycommononUnixplatformsandis consideredareplacementoftheGIFformat. eogsupportsallthisformatsandmanyothers,italsodisplaysGIFanimations. eognotonlyletsyouviewimagefilesbuthasmanyotherfeaturessuchasaddcommentsto images, organize images in catalogs, print images, view slide shows, set your desktop background,andmore. TostartImageViewerchoose Applications>Graphics>ImageViewer ortype eog in terminalandpressEnter.

11.3.1

ViewingImages

Inordertoviewanimagejustclickonitsthumbnailandtheimagewillbevisualizedinthe viewerpane.Iftheimagedoesn'tfittheviewerpaneyoucangivemorespacetotheviewer hidingthebrowser,thiscanbeaccomplishedbydoubleclickingonthethumbnailsorpressing theReturnkey,pressingitagainthebrowserwillbedisplayedagain. Another way of viewing a big image is to view it in full screen mode. Type F11 to 150

activate/deactivatethefullscreenmode. Tozoomin,Ctrl++or+.Tozoomout,Ctrl+or.Togobacktothenormalsize,Ctrl+0or1. Toscaletheimagetofitthewindow,pressF. OpentheimagecollectionbychoosingView>ImageCollectionorpressingF9. Thecollectionshowsthumbnailsofallsupportedimagesinthefolder.Youcanbrowsethe imagesbyclickingonanimageinthecollection,bychoosingtheappropriateoptioninthe Go menuorbypressingAlt+LeftorAlt+Right.

11.3.2

ManipulatingImages

Toflipanimagealongthehorizontalaxisoftheimage,chooseImageFlipHorizontal. Toflipanimagealongtheverticalaxisoftheimage,chooseImageFlipVertical. Rotation Torotateanimage90degreesinaclockwisedirection,chooseImage>RotateClockwise. Torotateanimage90degreesinananticlockwisedirection,chooseImage>RotateCounter Clockwise. Toundoafliporrotateaction,chooseEdit>UndoorpressCtrl+Z TomoveanimagetotheTrash,chooseEdit>MovetoTrash.ThismovesthefiletotheTrash folder.Multipleimagescanalsobemovedtothetrashinthesameway:selectthemallfirst.

11.3.3

ViewingtheImageProperties

Toviewtheimageproperties,performthefollowingsteps: 1. Selecttheimage. 2. ChooseFile>Properties.eogdisplaysaPropertiesdialog. 3. Topressnextorpreviousbuttontomovenextimageandviewitsproperties.

11.3.4

PrintingImages

Beforeprintingyouneedtosetthepagesettingsyouwouldliketouse.Todothatchoose File>PageSetup. Toprintanimage,performthefollowingsteps: 151

1.SelectFile>Print 2.InthePrintdialog,selecttheprinteryouwanttousefromthelist. 3.ClickPrint.ImageViewerstartsprintingnow.

11.3.5

SlideShow

YoucanstartaslideshowoftheimagesinthecurrentfolderbypressingF12orselectingthe View>SlideShowmenuitem. TostoptheslideshowpressSorEsc. Switchingon/offthefullscreenmodedoesnotstoptheslideshow.IftheSwitchtofullscreen optionisonthentheslideshowisstartedinfullscreenmodeandexitingfromthefullscreen modewillstoptheslideshow. Theslideshowisinterruptedwhenyouchangefolderorreloadthecurrentone. Withtheslideshowtoolandthefullscreenmodeyoucandopresentations.Therearetwo typesofpresentations:automaticpresentationsandmanualpresentations. AutomaticPresentation Todoanautomaticpresentation,performthefollowingsteps: 1. Gotothefolderorcatalogcontainingtheimagesyouwanttopresent. 2. Selecttheimagesyouwanttoviewintheslideshow,orselectnonetoviewallthe imagesinthecurrentfolderorcatalog. 3. PressF12orchooseView>SlideShow.eogstartsanautomaticpresentationofthe images.TostopthepresentationpressSorQorEsc. ManualPresentation Todoamanualpresentation,performthefollowingsteps: 1. Gotothefolderorcatalogcontainingtheimagesyouwanttopresent. 2. Selecttheimagefromwhichyouwanttostartthepresentation. 3. PressF.eogdisplaystheimageinfullscreenmode. 4. PressSpaceorN.eogdisplaysthenextimage. 5. PressBackSpaceorB.eogdisplaysthepreviousimage. TostopthepresentationpressQorEsc.

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12. OrganizeyourCalendar,Timetableand Booklets

qOrganizer is a general organizer that includes a calendar with schedule,reminders,journal/notes for every day, todo list. It provides features useful for studentssuchas:timetableandabookletformarksandabsences. TostartOrganiseraptgetinstallqorganizerpackage afterthatinterminaltypeqorganizer TheOrganizerapplicationpopsupalongwithataskbarapplet,sothattheapplicationkeeps runninginthebackgroundalways.

12.1 TheCalendar
The calendar part of qOrganizer has a calendar which selects the day, a schedule table,a journaltextfieldandasearchfield.Youcansetatimeinthescheduleinwhichyouwillbe remindedonthatdayabouttheevent.Thejournalsupportsimages,youjustopeniceweaselor anyotherfilebrowser,andjustdraganddroptheimagefileontothejournal.Itwillbeloaded anddisplayed.

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Youcansearchforwordsorphrasesbytypingthemintothesearchfield.Itwillsearchallyour schedulesandjournalsforanentry.YoucannavigatethroughthemusingtheNextand Previousbuttons. Whenyoutypeaclearbuttonwillappearinsidethesearchfield,ifyouclickitthefieldwillbe clearedandthedateinthecalendarwillbesetbacktothecurrentdate. Youcanselecttextinthejournalandifyouchangethecurrentfontthefontofthetextwillbe changed.

12.2 TheTodolist
Thetodolistiseasytofigureout,youcreatenewtasksandcompletethefieldsinthetable. TheStartfield:thedatewhenthetaskwasstartedorassigned. TheTaskfield:containsthenameanddescriptionofthetask. 154

TheDeadlinefield:containsthedatewhenthetaskneedstobefinished. ThePriorityfield:isanumberassignedtothetaskinfunctionofit'simportance,thehigher thenumber,highertheimportance.Itcanbeusedtosortthroughtasks. TheCompletedfield:expressestheamountinwhichthetaskisfinishedinpercentage.Youcan setanumberbydoubleclickingtheprogressbar,whenthedataissubmittedtheamountwill bedisplayedontheprogressbar.

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12.3 TheTimetable

Newdayscanbeaddedordeleted(rowstoo).Youhavethepossibilitytohavedifferentcontent dependingontheoddnessoftheweekindex.(Weeknr.36iseven,37isodd,butthiscanbe reversedinthesettings). Ifdifferenttimetablesforoddandevenweeksisenabledthenitwillautomaticallyswitchto thetimetableforthecurrentweek(itdetectsifit'soddorevenandloadsthecorresponding content).

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12.4 TheBooklet
Displaysstudentmarksandabsencesintwotables.Newsubjectscanbeaddedordeleted,the twotablesalwayshavethesamenumberofrows.

Theabsencetablecontainsdateswhenthestudentwasabsentfromaclassofasubject. Themarktablecontainsthemarksofeverysubject.Averagesarecalculatedonthefly. TheaverageofthecurrentlyselectedsubjectisdisplayedintheSubjectaveragefield.Thetotal averageiscalculatedbycalculatingtheaveragesofeverysubject,addingthemanddividing theresultwiththenumberofsubjects.AnoptioncanbeenabledintheSettingsdialogto roundeverysubjectaverageandaddthemthatway.Asanexample:ifyouhavetheaverageof 3,5atMath,ifRoundsubjectaverageswhencalculatingtotalaverageisenabledthenitwillbe roundedto4whencalculatingthetotalaverage. Datescanbeassignedtoeverymark,ifnodateisassignedthecurrentdateisshown.

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12.5 Printing
BypressingthePrintbuttonorselectingitfromthemenuthecurrentlyactivecomponentof qOrganizerwillbeprinted.

12.6 TheSettingsdialog TheGeneraltab:

Pathtodatafolder: contains the directory in which the folder .qOrganizer (which contains data and settings) will be saved. If this option is changed qOrganizer loads or creates the appropiatesettingsanddatafromthefolderwhichisset. Autosave: ifthisfeatureisenabledqOrganizerwillsavethecontentofeveryobjectwhenitlooses focus(anotherobjectisclicked,theapplicationisminimized,reducedtosystrayetc).If youdisableitanewiconwillbedisplayedonthetoolbarsoyoucansavemanually. Language: thisiswhereyoucanselectthelanguageinwhichthetextoftheprogramisdisplayed. NotethatthelanguagewillonlybechangedifyouexitandrestartqOrganizer.

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Reloaddataonviewchange: qOrganizerwillrereadthedatafileswhencyclingthroughthecomponentsofthe programorrestoringitfromsystray(orthetaskbar).Thisisusefullifyousharethesame datafilesonanetwork,inthiscaseit'sadvisedtoturnAutosaveoff.

Hidetosystemtrayonclose: ifthisoptionisenabledtheprogramwillbereducedtothesystemtrayifthewindowis closed otherwise the program will exit on window close. Usedifferenttimetableforevenandoddweeks: ifthisisenabledthecomboboxtoswitchbetweenevenandoddweekswillappearin thetimetable,thereforeyoucanhavetwotimetablesoneforevenweeksandonefor oddweeks. Reversenormalorderofweeksfortimetable: ifthisoptionisenabledqOrganizerwilltreatevenweeks(example:weeknumber36) asoddandoddweeksaseven. Roundsubjectaverageswhencalculatingtotalaverage: ifthisoptionisenabledthenthesubjectaverageswillberoundedwhencalculatingthe total average( 3,5 will be rounded to 4) in the mark table of the booklet.

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Showsavingbuttonsontoolbar: ifthisoptionisenabledthesavingbuttonsfortheothertwostoringmodes(besidesthe currentlyusedone)willbedisplayedonthetoolbarsoyoucansavedataintothose. TheCalendartab: Remindercheckinterval: thisistheintervalexpressedinmillisecondsofwhichtheprogramwillcheckifatime forareminderhasalreadypassed.ThebiggerthevaluethelowertheCPUusagebut reminderscouldbetriggeredlate.Thedefaultandadvisedvalueis20000(20seconds).

Firstdayoftheweek: thissetsthefirstdayoftheweekinthecalendar Dateformat: theformatinwhichthedateisdisplayed.ddddisthenameoftheday(ex:Monday) ,MMMMisthenameofthemonth(ex:October)d.isthedaypartofthedate(ex:27 th),andyyyyistheyear. Remindtype: thissetstheremindertypetoeighteradialogboxorasystembaloonatthesystemtray.

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Rownumberforemptyschedule: containsthenumberofrowsautomaticallyaddedtodayswithemptyschedules.Ifyou wanttosetthescheduleforOctober27.thenyouwillgetthisnumberofemptyrows automaticallyiftheschedulewasempty.Youcandeletethemlaterthenumberwillbe remembered(forthatday).Thedefaultis4. Playsoundonremind: ifthisisenabledqOrganizerwillplayasoundwhenareminderistriggeredalongwith thereminderdialogboxorbaloonwiththenameoftheevent.

TheFTPtab:
Synchronizewithftpserver: enablesFTPsynchronizationandmakestheUploadandDownloadiconsappearonthe toolbar.

Host: Port:

thedomainoripaddressoftheFTPserver. theportonwhichtheremoteFTPserverisrunning.(21bydefault) 161

Username: theusernametoconnectwith. Password: thepasswordwhichweneedtouse Pathonftpserver: therelativepathtothefolderwheretheprogramcanuploadit's.qOrganizerfolder. Note:Pleasedon'tuseanyimportantFTPserverbecausethepasswordisstoredinplaintext onthelocalmachine,ifyouarenotsureaboutthesafetyofyourcomputerthenpleasechoose anunimportantFTPaccount.

TheStoringtab:
Storedatain: *Textfiles: storealldatainmultipletextfilewithinthe.qOrganizerfolder.Thisisthefastest mode to store data, and the most tested one, simplistic though. *SQLiteDatabase: storealldatainasingleSQLitedatabasefilenamedqorganizer.dbin .qOrganizer.This can be slow on windows with Autosave enabled. *MySQLdatabase: storedatausingaremoteMySQLserver.

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Host: Port: thedomainoripaddressoftheMySQLserver.

theportonwhichtheremoteMySQLserverisrunning.3306bydefault. Username: theusernamewhichtoconnectwith.ItisbesttocreateanewuserforqOrganizerand givepriviledgesonlyovertheqOrganizerdatabase.Itisnotadvisedatalltouseroot, sinceagainthepasswordisstoredinplaintextonthelocalmachine. Password: thepasswordwhichitwillusewhenconnecting. Databasename: thenameofthedatabaseitwillcreate. Ifyouchangethestoringmode,thedatastoredinthenewonewillbeautomaticallyloaded whenyoupresstheokbutton.

12.7 Savingbetweenstoringmodes
Youhavethepossibilitytosavebetweendifferentstoringmodessoyoucanuse(example)an SQLitedatabasefilebutalwayssavetotextfilestooasabackup,ortoupdatethedatabaseon theMySQLserver. Ifyouhavealldatastoredintextfiles,andwanttosaveitalltoMySQLorSQLitedatabases youneedtoclickthroughallthedaysinyourcallendarandmanuallysavethembypushing thebuttonsonthetoolbarorusingthekeyboardcombinations: Ctrl+MforsavingtoMySQLdatabase,Ctrl+TforsavingtotextfilesorCtrl+Dforsaving toSQLitedatabase.

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13. SpecialPurposeTools
13.1 MigrationTool
BOSSBulkDocumentConverter This converter allows you to convert one format of documents into the other format of documentslikedoctopdf,doctohtmletc., Usage: Placeallthedocumentsthatneedtobeconvertedintoonesourcefolderandcreatean emptyfolderasdestinationfolder. ChooseApplications>Office>BOSSBulkDocumentConverterortypeconverter interminalandpressEnter. Selectthesourceanddestinationfoldersandtherespectiveformatstobeconverted. Youwillfindyourconverteddocumentsinthedestinationfolder.

SourceandDestinationselection
OnceweselecttheBulkDocumentConverter,thiswindowwillopen,wherewebrowsethe sourceanddestinationfolderorcopyandpastethepathnameofthefolders.ThenclickNext toproceed.

Figure1.SourceandDestinationselectionscreen 164

OverallDocumenttype
After the source and destination selection, there comes a first level of categorization of documents.Accordingtotheformatofthesourcefile,wehavetoselectthedocumenttype.

Figure2.OverallDocumenttype

Exactsourceformat
Next,thesubcategoriesofthegeneraloveralldocumenttype,thatweselectedappears.Select theexactformatofthesource.ClickNextandthenproceed.

Figure3.SourceDocumenttype 165

Destinationtype
Thepossibledestinationtypeformatfortheselectedsourceformatappearsnow.Selectthe appropriateformatfromthelist.Onceselected,clickNexttoproceed.

Figure4.DestinationDocumenttype

Conversion
Finally,thewarningpagefortheconversionappears,ifyouclickNext,theconversiongets completed. Thescreenshotsareasfollows:

Figure5.Warningscreen 166

Figure6.ConversionCompleted

13.2 BOSSPresentationTool
BOSSPresentationtoolistheKeyJnoteapplication.KeyJnoteisasimplepresentationprogram thatdisplaysslideshowsofimagefiles(JPEG,PNG,TIFFandBMP)orPDFdocuments. ToopenBOSSPresentationToolchoose,Applications>Office>BOSSPresentationTool or typebosspresentationtoolinterminalandpressEnter.

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TodisplayimagesusingthepresentationtoolclickDirectorywithImagesoption.Clickthe Browsebuttonandselectadirectory(folder)containingoneormoreimages. To display a PDF or PPT or PPS or ODP file using the presentation tool click PDF/PPT/PPS/ODP File option. Click the Browse button and select the file with extension.pdfor.pptor.ppsor.odp

Transitions
Anynumberoftransitionscanbeapplied.The"AvailableTransitions"boxcontainalistofall theavailabletransitions.Toapplyatransitionclickthetransitionandclickthe"Forward" button.Theselectedtransitionswillbemovedtothe"SelectedTransitions"box.

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Toremoveanyoftheselectedtransitionclickthecorrespondingtransitionandclick"Back" button.

CursorImage
Insteadofusingthenormalmousepointer,animagecanbeusedasCursor.

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RunTimeofthepresentation
Whilegivingpresentationsometimelimitswillbethere.Thepresenterwillnotbeawareof howmuchtimeisleftoutwhilegivingthepresentation.Forthistheusercanspecifythetime limit.

Aprogressbarwillappearatthebottomoftheslideshowingtheremainingtime.Ifsometime isleftoutthebarwillbein"green"color.Ifthetimeisoverthecolorofthebarwillchangeto "red".

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Wrap Afterthelastpageofthepresentationifthefirstpageshouldappearagainsetthewrapoption as"Yes". InitialPage Bydefaultthepresentationwillstartfromthefirstpage.Tostartthepresentationfromapage otherthanthefirstpageusethe"InitialPage"option.

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Executingthepresentation Toexecute,choosePresentation>ExecutefromthemenuorPress"Execute"iconfrom toolbar.KeyboardShortcutF8.

KeyboardandMouseOperations QkeyorEsckey QuitBOSSPresentationToolimmediately. LMB(LeftMouseButton),PageDownkey,CursorDownkey,CursorRightkeyor Spacebar Gotothenextpage. RMB(RightMouseButton),PageUpkey,CursorUpkey,CursorLeftkeyorBackspacekey Gotothepreviouspage. HomeKey/EndKey Godirectlytothefirstorlastpageofthepresentation. Fkey Togglefullscreenmode. TabkeyorMMB(MiddleMouseButton) Zoombacktotheoverviewpage.Whileinoverviewmode,apagecanbeselectedwiththe 172

mouseandactivatedwiththeleftmousebutton.TherightormiddlemousebuttonortheTab keyleaveoverviewmodewithoutchangingthecurrentpage. LMBoveraPDFhyperlink Jumptothepagereferencedbythehyperlink.Onlyhyperlinksthatpointintothesame documentaresupported;interdocumentlinksorweblinkswillbeignored.Thisfeatureis onlyavailableifpdftk isinstalled.Furthermore, it willnot work properlywhenpages are rotated. Click&DragwithLMB(LeftMouseButton) Createanewhighlightbox.Whileatleastonehighlightboxisdefinedonthecurrentpage, thepageitselfwillbeshowninadarkerandblurryrendition.Onlythehighlightboxeswillbe displayedintheiroriginallightnessandsharpness.Ifapagewithhighlightboxesisleft,the boxeswillbesavedandrestoredthenexttimethispageisshownagain. RMB(RightMouseButton)overahighlightbox Iftherightmousebuttonisclickedwhilethemousecursorisaboveahighlightbox,thebox willberemoved.Ifthelastboxonapageisremoved,thepagewillturnbrightandsharp again. Skey Savetheinfoscriptassociatedwiththecurrentpresentation.Themainpurposeforthisisto permanentlysavehighlightboxessotheywillberestoredthenexttimethispresentationis started. Tkey Activateordeactivatethetimedisplayattheupperrightcornerofthescreen.Ifthetimeris activatedwhiletheveryfirstpageofthepresentationisshown,itactivatestimetracking mode.Inthismode,areportofallpagesvisitedwiththeirdisplayduration,enterandleave timeswillbewrittentostandardoutput.Thiswillbeveryusefulwhenpreparing presentations. Rkey Resetthepresentationtimer. ReturnkeyorEnterkey Togglespotlightmode.Inthismode,thepageisdarkenedinthesamewayasifhighlight boxesarepresent,butinsteadoftheboxes,acircularspotlightwillbeshownaroundthe mousecursorposition,followingeverymotionofthemousecursor. +key/keyormousewheel Adjustthespotlightradius.

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Zkey Togglezoommode.Whenthiskeyisfirstpressed,thecurrentpagewillzoomin.Inzoom mode,allotherfunctionswillworkasnormal.Anyoperationsthatleavethecurrentpage, suchasmovingtothenextorpreviouspageorenteringtheoverviewscreen,willleavezoom mode,too. Okey Thiswilltogglethevisibleonoverviewpageflagofthecurrentpage.Theresultwillnot bevisibleimmediately,butitcanbesavedtotheinfoscript(usingtheSkey)andwillbein effectthenexttimethepresentationisstarted. Ikey Thiswilltoggletheskipflagofthecurrentpage.Apagemarkedasskippedwillnotbe reachablewiththenormalforward/backwardnavigationkeys. Click&DragwithRMB(RightMouseButton)inzoommode Movesthevisiblepartofthepageinzoommode. Cursorkeysinoverviewmode Navigatethroughpages. Anyotheralphanumeric(Az,09)orfunctionkey(F1F12)canbeusedtoassignshortcutsto pagesthatrequirequickaccess.IfoneofthekeysispressedtogetherwithShift,thecurrently displayedpageisassociatedwiththiskey.Torecallthepagelater,itissufficienttopressthe shortcutkeyagain.ShortcutscanbepermanentlystoredwiththeSkey.

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14. PlayingMusicandMovies
14.1 BansheeMusicPlayer
BansheeisamusicmanagementandplaybackapplicationforGNOME. Bansheehasabeautifuluserinterfaceandiswellarchitected. Features: ImportCDs Manageyourlibrary Playyourmusic Createandmaintainplaylists SyncmusicwithyouriPod PlaymusicdirectlyfromyouriPod Createaudioandmp3CDs

TostartBansheeMusicPlayer,chooseApplications>Sounds&Video>BansheeMedia PlayerortypebansheeinterminalandpressEnter.

14.1.1 ImportingMusic
Toimportmusic,click"Music",then"ImportMedia..."andchoosethelocationonyourhard drivetoimportyourmusic.YoucanimportdigitalmusicfilesincludingOGG,FLAC,MP3or WAV .Bansheewillthensortyourmusicbasedonartist,trackname,tracknumberoralbum. ClickingononeofthecolumnswillmakeBansheesortinthatorder. ToimportmusicfromanaudioCD,inserttheCDinyourCDROMdrive.Thelefthandsideof BansheeonthesidemenuwilldisplayaCDicon. ClickontheCDiconontheleftbartodisplaythesongsontheCD.Clickon"ImportCD"in theupperrighthandcornerandBansheewillimportthesongsintoyourcollectioninthefile formatyou'vechoseninyourPreferences.Tochoosethefileformat(OGG,MP3,FLACorWAV ), click Edit > Preferences. In the CD Importing section choose the format from the OutputFormatdropdownmenu.

14.1.2 Podcasts
BansheesupportssubscribingandlisteningtoPodcasts. Choose"Podcasts"onthelefthand sidemenu.TosubscribetoaPodcast,clickon"SubscribetoPodcast".EntertheURLofthe Podcastyouwouldliketosubscribeto.BansheewillthenbegintodownloadthelatestPodcast, 175

andshowallavailabledownloadsfortheURLinthebottompane.Clickonthecheckboxto downloadadditionalPodcasts.

14.1.3 PlayingAudioCDs
ToplayyourCD,insertitintoyourdrive.ItshouldautomaticallyappearwithinBansheein yoursourceslist,beneathyourMusicLibraryandVideoLibrarysources.Youcanclickthenew source(namedAudioCD,orthenameofthealbum)anddoubleclickatrackinittobegin playback.

14.1.4 Importing/RippingAudioCDs 1.InsertaCD 2.Bansheeautomaticallydetectsitandaddsittothesidemenu;clickit 3.Uncheckanytracksyoudon'twantimported 4.PresstheImportCDbutton,locatedneartheupperrightcornerofBanshee 5.BansheewillbeginimportingtheCD.Asitfinisheseachtrack,itwillappearinyour

MusicLibrary

AdjustingYourPreferences
You can change your CD importing preferences. Go to the Edit menu, and choose the Preferencesmenuitem.WithinthePreferencesdialog,choosetheAudioCDtab. Importformat Thedefaultsshouldbefine,butifyouprefertohaveyourmusicimportedasacertain filetype(.mp3,.wma,orsomething else)orwithcertainqualitysettings(128kbps, 256kbps,etc)youcansetthathere.Ifyoudon'tseethefileformatyouwant,youneed toensureyouhavetheappropriateGStreamerplugin/codecinstalled. Automaticimport With this item checked, Banshee will automatically begin importing as soon as you insertanaudioCDunlessitcan'tfindthetracklist(albumname,tracktitles)forit,or itdetectsyoualreadyhaveatleastpartofthealbumimported. Ejectwhendoneimporting IfyouwantBansheetoautomaticallyejectyouraudioCDsafterimportingthem,check this. 176

14.2 MoviePlayer
TotemistheofficialmovieplayeroftheGNOMEdesktopenvironment.ItisalsoBOSS'sdefault videoplayer.Totemplaysanyxineorgstreamersupportedfile.Itenablesyoutoplaymovies orsongs. TostartTotem,chooseApplications>Sounds&Video>MoviePlayer ortypetotemin terminalandpressEnter. TotemMoviePlayerprovidesthefollowingfeatures: Supportavarietyofvideoandaudiofiles. Provideavarietyofzoomlevelsandaspectratios,andafullscreenview. SeekandVolumecontrols. Aplaylist. Acompletekeyboardnavigation. TotemMoviePlayeralsocomeswithadditionalfunctionalitiessuchas: VideothumbnailerforGNOME. Nautiluspropertiestab.

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14.2.1 OpeningaFile
Toopenavideooranaudiofile,chooseMovie>Open(Ctrl+O).SelectMoviesorPlaylists dialogisdisplayed.Selectthefileyouwanttoopen,andclickOK. YoucandragafilefromanotherapplicationsuchasafilemanagertotheTotemMoviePlayer window.TheTotemMoviePlayerapplicationwillopenthefileandplaythemovieorsong. TotemMoviePlayerdisplaysthetitleofthemovieorsongbeneaththedisplayareaandinthe titlebarofthewindow. Ifsuitablecodecsfortheformatyouraretryingtoplayisnotinstalledthefollowingwindow appears:

OnceSearchisclickedawindowappearsshowingthelistofavailablecodecs.Selectthe codecsyouwanttoinstallandclickInstall.

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Oncetheinstallationofcodecsiscompletedyoucanplaythesongormovie.

14.2.2 OpeningaLocation
ToopenafilebyURIlocation,chooseMovie>OpenLocation(Ctrl+L).TheOpenfromURI dialogisdisplayed.UsethedropdowncombinationboxtospecifytheURIlocationoffileyou wouldliketoopen,thenclickontheOpenbutton.

14.2.3 PlayaMovie(DVDorCD)
Insertthediscintheopticaldeviceofyourcomputer,thenchooseMovie>PlayDisc.

14.2.4 EjectaDVDorCD
ToejectaDVDorCD,chooseMovie>Eject(Ctrl+E).

14.2.5 PauseaMovieorSong
Topauseamovieorsongthatisplaying,clickonthePausebuttonatthebottomleftofthe window,orchoose Movie>Play/Pause.Whenyoupauseamovieorsong,thestatusbar displaysPausedandthetimeelapsedonthecurrentmovieorsongstops. Toresumeplayingamovieorsong,clickonthePlaybutton,orchooseMovie>Play/Pause.

14.2.6 ViewPropertiesofaMovieorSong
Toviewpropertiesofamovieorsong,chooseView>Sidebartomakethesidebarappear, andchoosePropertiesinthedropdownlist. Thedialogcontainsthefollowinginformation: GeneralTitle,artist,yearanddurationofmovieorsong. VideoVideodimensions,codecandframerate. AudioAudiobitrateandcodec.

ChangingtheVideoSize
Tochangethezoomfactorofdisplayarea,youcanusethefollowingmethods: Tozoomtofullscreenmode,chooseView>FullscreenorpressF11 Toexitfullscreenmode,clickontheLeaveFullscreenbuttonorpressEscorF. 179

To zoom to half size (50%) of the original movie or visualization, choose View > Fit WindowtoMovie>Resize1:2. Tozoomtosize(100%)oftheoriginalmovieorvisualization,chooseView>FitWindowto Movie>Resize1:1. Tozoomtodoublesize(200%)oftheoriginalmovieorvisualization,chooseView >FitWindowtoMovie>Resize2:1.

14.2.7 AdjustingtheVolume
Toincreasethevolume,chooseSound>VolumeUp(UpArrow)ormovethevolumeslider totheright. Todecreasethevolume,chooseSound>VolumeDown(DownArrow)ormovethevolume slidertotheleft. Toadjustthesoundvolume,youcanalsousethevolumebuttoninthepanelorkeyboard. Pressthevolumebuttonandchoosethevolumelevelwiththeslider.

14.2.8 MakeWindowAlwaysOnTop
To make the Totem Movie Player window always on top of other application windows, chooseView>AlwaysonTop

14.2.9 RepeatMode
Toenableordisablerepeatmode,chooseEdit>RepeatMode.

14.2.10 ShuffleMode
Toenableordisableshufflemode,chooseEdit>ShuffleMode

14.2.11 PlayList
Toshowplaylist,chooseView>Sidebar,orclicktheSidebarbutton,andchoosePlaylist onthetopofthesidebar.ThePlaylistdialogisdisplayed. TohidePlaylist,chooseView>SidebarorclickontheSidebarbuttonagain. YoucanusethePlaylistdialogtodothefollowing: AddingatrackormovieToaddatrackormovietotheplaylist,clickontheAdd...button. TheSelectfilesdialogisdisplayed.Selectthefilethatyouwanttoaddtoplaylist,thenclick OK. 180

RemovingatrackormovieToremovetrackormoviefromtheplaylist,selectthefilenames fromthefilenamelistbox,thenclickontheRemovebutton. SavingplaylisttofileTosaveplaylisttofile,clickontheSavebutton.TheSaveplaylist dialogisdisplayed,specifythefilenamethatyouwanttosavetheplaylist. Movingtrackormovieuptheplaylist Tomovetrackormovieuptheplaylist,selectthe filenamesfromthefilenamelistbox,thenclickontheUpbutton. MovingtrackormoviedowntheplaylistTomovetrackormoviedowntheplaylist,select thefilenamesfromthefilenamelistbox,thenclickontheDownbutton.

14.3 SoundRecorder
TheSoundRecorderapplicationenablesyoutorecordandplay.flac,.ogg,and.wavsound files. TostartSoundRecorderchooseApplications>Sound&Video>SoundRecorderortype gnomesoundrecorderinterminalandpressEnter. WhenSoundRecorderisstartedthefollowingwindowappears

14.3.1 Recording
Tostartanewrecordingsession,performthefollowingsteps: 1.ChooseFile>New.

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2.UsetheRecordasdropdownlisttoselectoneofthefollowingrecordingoptions: CDQuality,Lossless CDQuality,Lossy Voice 1.Tostartrecording,chooseControl>Record. 2.Tostoprecording,chooseControl>Stop. 3.Toplaybacktherecording,chooseControl>Play. 4.Tosavetherecording,chooseFile>SaveAs,thentypeanameforthesoundfile.

14.3.2 PlayingaSoundFile
Toplayasoundfile,chooseFile>Open.SelectasoundfileintheOpenaFiledialog,then clickOK.SoundRecorderdisplaysthedurationofthefileinminutesandsecondsbelowthe progressbar.Toplaythefile,chooseControl>Play.Theprogressindicatormovesalongthe progressbarasthesoundfileisplaying.

14.4 RestrictedFormats
BOSSGNU/Linuxstrivestomakeeverypieceofsoftwareavailableunderthelicensingterms laidoutintheBOSSGNU/LinuxLicensePolicy.Patentandcopyrightrestrictionscomplicate theabilityofafreeoperatingsystemtodistributesoftwarethatwillsupportproprietaryor nonfreeformats. BOSSGNU/Linux'scommitmenttoonlyincludecompletelyfreesoftwarebydefaultmeans thatproprietarymediaformatsarenotconfigured'outofthebox'.Thispagewillshowyou howtoenablesupportforthemostpopularnonfreemediaformats. ThesearenonFreeformatsandtools,wellknownfromtheWin32world.Themostimportant onesareJava,WindowsMedia,RealMedia,RealPlayer,DVDvideo,MacromediaFlash,AAC andiTunesMusicStoreandsomeotherVideoandAudioCodecs.Allofthemarenotincluded withintheBOSSstandardinstallation.Youhavetoinstallthemmanually. HowtoplayrestrictedformatswithBOSSGNU/Linux(mediacodecs) Youcaninstallthemultimediacodecswiththefollowingsteps 1)Updateyoursources.listwithBOSSrepo,soopentheterminalandexecutethefollowing command #vi/etc/apt/sources.list 182

2)Addthefollowinglineinthatfile debhttp://packages.bosslinux.in/bossBOSSmaincontribnonfree 3)Savethefileandquit,Esc+:+wq 4)Opentheterminalandexecutethefollowingcommands #sudoaptgetupdate #sudoaptgetinstallgstreamer0.10pluginsbad #sudoaptgetinstalllibarts1mpeglib #sudoaptgetinstalllibarts1xine

14.5 AudioCDExtractor
SoundJuicerisasimpleandcleanCDrippingtool.Itallowsyoutoextracttheaudio fromaudiocompactdiscsandconvertthemintoaudiofiles. To start Sound Recorder choose Applications > Sound & Video > Audio CD ExtractorortypesoundjuicerinterminalandpressEnter. WhenyoustartSoundJuicer,itwillexaminetheCDinthedriveandtrytolocate informationabouttheaudiotracks WhenSoundRecorderisstartedthefollowingwindowappears

14.5.1 EnteringTrackData

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WheninsertanaudioCD,SoundJuicerwillautomaticallyretrievethetrackdata. Thetopofthewindowcontainstextboxesforthetitle,artist,year,andgenreoftheCD.Below thatisalistoftheaudiotracksontheCD.Tosetthetracktitleandartistforeachtracksimple enterthetitleandartist. Toeditthetitleofatrack,firstselectthetrack,thenclickonthetitle.Whenyouhavefinished enteringthetitle,presstheEnterkeyonyourkeyboard,orclickoutsidethetitle.

14.5.2 ExtractingandPlaying
WheninsertingtheAudioCDautomaticallyextractallofthetracksontheCDtoaudiofiles. AlsouseEditSelectAllandEditDeselectAllmenuitemstoselectallornoneofthetracks tobeextract. TostoptheExtractprocessclickstopbutton. AfterenteringallinformationpressCtrl+EntertosavethefilesintoMusicfolder. Forplayingthesoundtracksfollowingoptionsavailable. TobeginplayingtheCD,simplyclickthePlaybutton,orpressCtrl+P. Toplayaparticulartrack,selectthattrackandclickPlay,orsimpledoubleclickthetrack. 184

Topausethetrackpresspausebutton.

14.6 CheeseWebcamBooth
CheeseuseswebcameraconnectedwiththePCtotakephotosandvideos,appliesfancy specialeffectsandletsyousharethefunwithothers. TostartSoundRecorderchooseApplications>Sound&Video>CheeseWebcamBooth ortypecheeseinterminalandpressEnter. ThemainscreenofCheesesupportstwodifferentlayoutsatthemoment.Thedefaultlooks likethescreenshotbelow,ithasthepreviewimagecenteredandthethumbnailslideshow below.

14.6.1Usage EspeciallyforCheeseuserswithsmalldisplays,liketheonesinnetbooks,we
havedesignedanotherview.Itismorehorizontallyaligned,inordertofitbetteronsmall widescreendisplays.Thewideviewisshowninthescreenshotbelow.

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Toapplyeffectstotheinputofyourwebcam,clickthebuttonlabelledEffects.Whenyouthen gototheeffectswindow,youwillseeawindowsimilartotheimagebelow.

Cheese Phototochangetophotomode.Photomodewilltakeasinglephotoeverytimethe buttonlabelledTakeaphotoortheSpacebarkeyispressed,andwillsavetodisk. Cheese Videotochangetovideomode.Videomodewillstartrecordingavideoeverytime thebuttonlabelledStartRecordingortheSpacebarispressed.Thevideowillstoprecording andsavetodiskwhenthebuttonlabelledStopRecordingortheSpacebarispressed. TotakemorepicturesinarowCheeseBursttochangetoburstmode.

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Burstmodewillstarttotakeaseriesofpictureswithanintervalofsomesecondsinbetween photoswhenthebuttonlabelledTakeMultiplePhotosortheSpacebarkeyispressed.

14.6.2SettingPreferences
Thepreferencesdialogallowsyoutosetupsomewebcamspecificparametersandparameters specifictotheburstmode.

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It'spossibletodefinewhereCheesestoresthecapturedmedia(photosandvideos).These settingsarestoredinGConf.Youcanchangethesettingswiththegconfeditor,application. Thereyouhavetoselect/apps/cheeseinthetreeontheleft.Thenyoucansetthevideo_path andphoto_pathtothelocationyouprefer.

14.7 VideoStreaming

StepstosetupVideoStreamingClientusingVLCPlayer

StepI:OpenyourVLCPlayer

StepII:ClicktheMediaTabandClickonStreamingOption

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StepIII:ClickonNetworkTab

StepIV:SelecttheprotocolasHTTP

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StepV:Writethehttpaddressinaddresstab

StepVI:ClickthePlayoption

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StepVII:Playingthevideo

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15. BOSSSecurity
TheaddedsecurityfeatureensuresthattheBOSSSystemenforcedthesecurityandhardened thesystemeffectively.Byenablingthesecurity,youhavetoopentheApplicationBOSS SecurityFeatureunderthemenuSystem>Administration. ThefollowinglistaretheaddedsecurityfeaturesavailableintheBOSS4.0Desktop 1. Grubpassword TheGRUBmenudoesnotallowtoboottheselectedpartition(bootupscreen)without givingtheusernameandthepassword. Thefollowingscreenshotshowsthatthegrubapplicationaskfortheusernameand password.

2. Passwordandloginsecurity Thefollowingstepsareenabled. a) Thisfeatureenablesto set the password with minimum charecterlength as8 and maximumas40. b) Enabled passwordqc module for password/passphrase strength checking and enforcement. c) Implementedtheoldencryptedpasswordhistorywhichremembersupto7passwords. 192

d) ImplementedthefaildelayofpasswordAuthenticationfortheloginprogram. 3. Restrictingsystemrebootsthroughtheconsole Whenthethreefingersalute(a.k.a.ctrl+alt+del)isgiventheprogramwillcheckifany oftheuserslistedinthefile/etc/passwdareloggedin.Ifnoneofthemis,shutdown willnotrebootthesystem. 4. Restrictinguser'saccesstothissystem Theuserswhoareallrestrictedinthefile/etc/security/access.confwillnotbeableto accessthesystem. 5. EnableSelinux SELinuxisaMandatoryAccessControl(MAC)systemwhichisbydefaultenabledinthe kernel toconfineprogramstoalimitedsetofresources. SELinuxallowsmorefinegrainedaccesscontrolsthantraditionalUnixpermissions offer. 6. EnableAudit

Itprovidestoolsthathelptheadministrativeuserextractspecifictypesofauditevents, auditeventsforspecificusers,auditeventsrelatedtospecificfilesystemobjectsor auditeventswithinaspecifictimeframe. It'sresponsibleforwritingauditrecordstothedisk.Linuxauditfilestoseewhomade changesbasedonprogram,databasefilesandsystemcalls. 7. AdmingroupforthesuProgram Theadministratorhastochangethegroupownershiptoadmingroup.Thentheadmin groupmembersonlyabletoaccessthesuprogram.Therestoftheuserscannotrunthe suprogram. 8. DisableCD/DVD Foryoursecurityreasons,youmaydisabletheCD/DVD. 9. DisableUSB Foryoursecurityreasons,youmaydisabletheUSB. 10. DisableServiceliketelnetimapftphttp Disabletheservicesliketelnet,rshimapandhttpthroughiptables. 193

11. EnableExtendedAttributes Extendedattributesarearbitraryname/valuepairswhichareassociatedwithfilesor directories.Theycanbeusedtostoresystemobjectslikecapabilitiesofexecutablesand accesscontrollists,aswellasuserobjects. 12. EnableACL Thefilemodecontainsninebitsthatdetermineaccesspermissionsofafile,plusthree specialbits.Thismechanismallowstodefineaccesspermissionsforthreeclassesof users:thefileowner,thefilegroup,andothers.Thismechanismisverysimple.Witha coupleofbits,manypermissionscenarioscanbemodeled. 13. Secureshellconfiguration SecureShellorSSHisanetworkprotocolthatallowsdatatobeexchangedusinga securechannelbetweentwonetworkeddevices.TheencryptionusedbySSHis intendedtoprovideconfidentialityandintegrityofdataoveraninsecurenetwork,such astheInternet. 14. AllowHosts Itwillallowthelistofhostspecifiedinthefile/etc/hosts.allow 15. DenyHosts Itwilldenythelistofhostspecifiedinthefile/etc/hosts.allow 16. CloselistofOpenedApplicationsinthesystem Themoreservicesthatarerunning,themoreportsthatwillbeleftopentointruders. Sotoprotectyoursystem,itsbesttoturnoffanyunnecessaryservices. 17. CloselistofEstablishedconnections Theusercanidentifytheestablishedconnectionsinthesystem.Andtheyareallowedto closetheunwantedestablishedconnections. 18. SecuringNetworkAccess Thefollowingsettingscanimprovethenetworksecurityofthehostandpreventagainstsome networkattacks a.TurnedontheSourceAddressVerificationinallinterfacestopreventsomespoofing attacksbythefollowingoptioninthekernel. net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1

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b.EnabledtheTCP/IPSYNcookiesbythefollowingoptioninthekernel. net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1 c.DonotacceptICMPredirects(preventMITMattacks) net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects=0 net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects=0 d.AcceptICMPredirectsonlyforgatewayslistedinourdefaultgatewaylist(enabledby default) net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects=1 e.DonotsendICMPredirects(Dontmakethesystemasrouter) net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0 f.DonotacceptIPsourceroutepackets(Dontmakethesystemasrouter) net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route=0 net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route=0 g.LogMartianPackets net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians=1 Youareallowedtochangetheaboveoptionsinthefile/etc/sysctl.confanditwillbeeffected byrunningthefollowingcommand. sysctlp

15.1 EnablingSecurityFeatures
OpentheApplication System>Administration>BOSSSecurity Feature. Now clickthe OptionEnableAllSecurityFeatures

SelecttheOptionEnableAllSecurityFeatures.Afterclickingokbutton,itaskforgrub password. 195

Grubpassword

Afterenteringthepasswordclickokitshowsfollowingalertwindow.Thatis,whilebootingyou havetousethefollowingusernameasbossandthepasswordasyouentredgrubpassword.

Passwordandloginsecurity
Afterenablingthefeatures,itconfirmsthefollowingmessage

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Restrictingsystemrebootsthroughtheconsole
Afterenablingthefeatures,itconfirmsthefollowingmessage

Restrictinguser'saccesstothissystem

Entertheuserswithcommatowhomyouwanttorestrictthesystem.Iftheentereduserisnot inthesystem,itwillaskonceagain.Heretheusersuser1,user2anduser3isnotinthesystem.

AfterclickingokItsshows

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Nousersavailableinthesystemandsoitwillasktoenterusernames.

Nowtheusercdacavailableinthesystemandsoheisgoingtoberestrictedinthissystem.

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EnableSelinux
SELinuxisaMandatoryAccessControl(MAC)systemwhichisakernel(LSM) enhancementtoconfineprogramstoalimitedsetofresources. SELinuxallowsmorefinegrainedaccesscontrolsthantraditionalUnixpermissions offer.

EnableAudit
Itprovidestoolsthathelptheadministrativeuserextractspecifictypesofauditevents,audit eventsforspecificusers,auditeventsrelatedtospecificfilesystemobjectsorauditevents withinaspecifictimeframe. It'sresponsibleforwritingauditrecordstothedisk.Linuxauditfilestoseewhomade changesbasedonprogram,databasefilesandsystemcalls.

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AdmingroupforthesuProgram
The administrator has to change the group ownership to admin group. Then the admin

groupmembersonlyabletoaccessthesuprogram.Therestoftheuserscannotrunthesu program.

EnablingDisableCD/DVD
ThisfeaturesisselectedthentheCDDriveorDVDDrivewillbedisabled. 200

EnablingDisableUSB

ThisfeatureisdisablealltheUSBPortsavailableinthecomputer.

DisableServicestelnetimapftphttp

Disabletheservicesliketelnet,rshimapandhttpthroughiptables.

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EnableExtendedAttributes

Extended attributes are arbitrary name/value pairs which are associated with files or directories.Theycanbeusedtostoresystemobjectslikecapabilitiesofexecutablesandaccess controllists,aswellasuserobjects.

EnableAccessControlLists
Thefilemodecontainsninebitsthatdetermineaccesspermissionsofafile,plusthreespecial

bits.Thismechanismallowstodefineaccesspermissionsforthreeclassesofusers:thefile owner,thefilegroup,andothers.Thismechanismisverysimple.Withacoupleofbits,many permissionscenarioscanbemodeled.

SecureShellconfiguration
SecureShellorSSHisanetworkprotocolthatallowsdatatobeexchangedusinga securechannelbetweentwonetworkeddevices.[1]TheencryptionusedbySSHisintendedto provideconfidentialityandintegrityofdataoveraninsecurenetwork,suchastheInternet. 202

AllowHostsandDenyHosts

Todetermineifaclientmachineisallowedtoconnecttoaservice,TCPwrappers referencethefollowingtwofiles,whicharecommonlyreferredtoashostsaccessfiles: /etc/hosts.allow /etc/hosts.deny WhenaclientrequestisreceivedbyaTCPwrappedservice,ittakesthefollowingbasicsteps: 1.Theservicereferences/etc/hosts.allow.TheTCPwrappedservicesequentiallyparses the/etc/hosts.allowfileandappliesthe first rule specified for that service. If it finds a matchingrule,itallowstheconnection.Ifnot,itmovesontostep2.

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2.Theservicereferences/etc/hosts.deny.TheTCPwrappedservicesequentiallyparsesthe /etc/hosts.denyfile.Ifitfindsamatchingruleisdeniestheconnection.Ifnot,accesstothe serviceisgranted.

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CloselistofOpenedApplicationsinthesystem
Themoreservicesthatarerunning,themoreportsthatwillbeleftopentointruders.Soto protectyoursystem,itsbesttoturnoffanyunnecessaryservices.

Selecttheapplicationsyouwanttoclose.

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CloselistofEstablishedconnections
Themoreservicesthatarerunning,themoreportsthatwillbeleftopentointruders.Soto protectyoursystem,itsbesttoturnoffanyunnecessaryservices.

Selecttheapplicationsyouwanttoclosetheestablishedconnectionswithother.

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SecuringNetworkAccess
Enabledthespoofprotection,TCP/IPSYNcookies,notacceptingICMPredirects,notaccepting IPsourceroutepacketsandLogMartianPackets. Nowthebelowwizardshowstheenabledsecurityfeaturesinthesystem.

Click'OK'torestartthesystemtoapplyingsecurityfeatures.

IfClick'Yes'itshowsclosealltheapplicationscurrentlyrunningonthesystem. 207

ThenClickOKtorestartthesystem

15.2 DisablingSecurityFeatures
ToDisableallthesecurityfeaturesselecttheoptioncalledDisableallSecurityFeatures.

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ClickOKtoproceedthedisablingthesecurityfeatures.FirstDisablethegrubpassword.

NextPasswordandLoginSecurityfeatureisDisabled.

NextRestrictingsystemrebootsthroughconsolefeatureisdisabled.

NextRestrictingUser'sAccesstothesystemfeatureisDisabled.

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NextEnableSelinuxfeatureisDisabled.

NextEnableAuditfeatureisDisabled.

NextAdminGroupforthesuprogramfeatureisDisabled.

NextDisableCD/DVDfeatureisDisabled.

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NextDisableUSBfeatureisDisabled.

NextDisableServicershtelnetimaphttpfeatureisDisabled.

NextEnableExtendedAttributesfeatureisDisabled.

NextEnableACLfeatureisDisabled.

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NextSecureShellConfigurationfeatureisDisabled.

NextAllowHostsfeatureisDisabled.

NextDenyHostsfeatureisDisabled.

NextCloseListofOpenedApplicationsinthesystemfeatureisDisabled. 212

NextCloseListofEstablishedConnectionsfeatureisDisabled.

Afterallthesecurityfeaturesaredisableditshowsfollowing

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15.3 CustomizedSecurityFeatures
ToSelectthesecurityfeaturesthattheuserwant,selecttheoptioncalledSelectfromthelist ofSecurityOptionsFeatures.

ClickOKitshowsfollowing

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Selectthesecurityfeaturesyouwanttoenableintthesystem. Userselectedtwosecurityfeatures, 1.grubpassword 2.passwordandloginsecurity thenclickOKitshowsthefollowingwizardtosetthegrubpassword

AfterclickOKitshowsupdatinggrubstatus.

After updating the grup password alert window opened to show the grub is updated successfully.

Thenalertwindowopenedsaysgrubpasswordfeatureisenabled.

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PasswordandLoginSecurity Analertwindowinstructtheuser,thepasswordlengthshuldbeminimum8charactersand maximum40characters.

ThenclickOKthatwillshowssecurityfeaturesisenabled.

Foreachunselectedsecurityfeatureanalertwindowopenedandsayscorrespondingfeatures aredisabledstatuswilldisplayedinthatwindow.

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16. BurningCDsandDVDs
BraseroDiscBurnerisaCDandDVDburningapplicationforLinuxsystemsoptimizedfor GNOME.ItprovidesacomfortableuserinterfacetoperformmostCD/DVDburningtaskslike creatinganAudioCDfromasetofaudiofilesorcopyingaCD. Tostarttheapplication,select Applications > Sound&Video > BraseroDiscBurner or typebraserointerminalandpressEnter.

16.1 CreatingaDataCDorDVD
TocreateaDataCDchooseDataCDfromtheCompilationBrowser.TocreateaDataDVD chooseDataDVDfromtheCompilationBrowser.Thendragthefilesyouwanttoburnonthe CDorDVDfromtheFilesystemBrowsertotheCompilationBrowser.

ThenpressBurninthelowerrightcorner.Afterclickingit,youwillseethefollowingdialog:

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UsetheWriterdropdownmenutoselectyourwriter. SelectthespeedthatyouwanttoburntheCD. SelecttheEjectdiskoptionsoBraserowouldejectthediscafterfinishingthewriting.

16.2 CreatinganAudioCD
TocreateanAudioCDchooseAudioCDfromtheCompilationBrowser.Thendragthemusic filesyouwanttoburnontheCDfromtheFilesystemBrowsertotheCompilationBrowser.

Then press the Burn button in the lower right corner. After clicking it, you will see the followingdialog:

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SelectthemaxmiumspeedthatyouwanttoburntheCD. SelectLeavethediscopentoaddmorefilesformultisessionenableddiscwriting. Selectburnprooftoreducepossibilityofdiscsfailure. SelecttheEjectdiskoptionsoBraserowouldejectthediscafterfinishingthewriting.

16.3 CopyingaDataorAudioCDorDVD
Tocopy,chooseFile>NewProject>CopyDiscdependinguponyourmedia.Theapplication willshowthefollowingdialog:

selectthedisctocopysourcediskcontainsdatahavetowritetotheblankdisc. SelectadisctowritetoisdestinationdischavewriteableCDorDVD ClickpropertiestochangethespeedofwriteableCDorDVD

16.4 BlankaCDRW
ToeraseaCDRW,chooseTools>Blank.Theapplicationwillshowthefollowingdialog:

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fromthedropdownlistselectadisctoerase. SelectthespeedthatyouwanttoburntheCD. SelecttheFastblankoptiontoactivatethismethodofblanking. Progressbarshowstheperentagecompletedblankingprocessing.

16.5 BurnanISOImage
ToburnanISOimage,chooseTools>BurnCDImage.Navigatethroughthedirectoriesand afterselectingtheISOfilewhichyouwanttoburn,pressOK.

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17. PartitionEditor
Partition Editor is the Gnome Partition Editor application. Partition Editor is an industrial strengthpackageforcreating,destroying,resizing,moving,checkingandcopyingpartitions, andthefilesystemsonthem.Thisisusefulforcreatingspacefornewoperatingsystems, reorganizingdiskusage,copyingdataresidingonharddisksandmirroringonepartitionwith another(diskimaging). Toworkwithpartitiontable,click, System>Administration>PartitionEditor or type gpartedinterminalandpressEnter. IfyouclicktheGpartedmenu(atthetopleft),apopdownmenuispresented.Youcanselect RefreshDevicestorefreshthedisplayofthedrivesonyoursystem.Aswell,akeyboard shortcut(Ctrl+R)canalsobeusedtorefreshthescreeninformation.Withthesecondchoice, youcanchoosetheharddrivewhosepartitionsyouwanttomodify.Thisisusefulifyouhave morethanoneharddrive.ThethirdoptionunderGpartedmenuisusedtoobtainmore information.Itopensanewwindowfromwhichyoucanseethesupportedfiletypesandsome partitioneditingoptions. TheEdit menushowstwogreyedoutfunctionswhicharequiteuseful:Undoand Apply. Theseoptionsmayalsobeseeninthetoolbar.Toactivatethem,youmustchooseapartition youwishtomodify. TheViewmenuallowsyoutoaccess/viewotherareas: DeviceInformation:Thedeviceinformationpaneldisplaysdetailsabouttheharddisk,such as Model, Size etc. This panel is most useful in a multi hard disk system, where the informationisusedtoconfirmthattheharddiskbeingexaminedistheonethatiswanted. PendingOperations:Atthefootingwindowisalistofpendingoperations.Theinformationis usefulasitprovidesanindicationofthenumberofpendingoperations. DevicemenuallowsyoutosetaDiskLabel.... Ifthecurrentdisklabelisinappropriate,youmaychangeitusingDevice>SetDisklabel... option. ThePartitionmenuismostimport.Itallowsyoutodomanyoperations,wecancreateanew partition,someofwhicharedangerous.SelectDeleteifyouwanttodeleteapartition.To performthedelete,youmustfirstselectthepartition. Resize/Moveisausefulfunction.wecanresizeormoveapartitionusingthisoption. Youmayalsoformatanypartitiontoafilesystemwhichissupportedinthemenu. Thelastchoicegivesinformationabouttheselectedpartition. Note: Before doing any of the following operations, make sure that the partitions are unmounted. 221

Fewoperations: Creatinganewpartition: SelectanunallocatedareaandclicktheNewbuttoninthetoolbartocreateanewpartition. Anewwindowappearsandletsyouchosethesize,filesystem,typeofpartitionetc.5, Deletingapartition: Thesecondicononthetoolbarisfordeletingtheselectedpartition.Ifyouwanttodeletea partition,selectthatpartitionandclicktheDeleteiconandthenclickApply. Resizingapartition: Atthetoprightendofthescreenthereisadropdownboxwhereyoucanchoosethehard diskyouwanttoworkon,ifyouhaveseveralharddrivesonthePC/machine.Rememberthat thiswillonlybecomeoperationalafterthescaniscompleted. ClickthepartitionthatistoberesizedandthenselectResize/Movefromthe Partition menuorclickResize/Moveiconfromthetoolbar. Nowyoucanincreaseordecreasethesizeofthepartition.Ifyouhavefreespaceinthat partition,thenonlyyoucandecreasethesizeofthepartition.Ifyouhavefreespaceinthe harddiskthenonlyyoucanincreasethesizeofthepartition. Onceyouhavedoneyourjob,clickonApply.Nooperationsaregiventotheharddiskuntil youclickApply. Copyingapartition:Youmustfirstselectthepartitionyouwanttocopy.Rightclickonthe partitionandclickCopy.Aftercopyingthepartition,youmustchooseanunallocatedarea toactivatePastebutton.Youmaywishtoresizethepartitionyouwanttopaste:samesizeor bigger?(Asmallerpartitionisimpossible!).Afteryouhavepasted,youcanclick"Apply".

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18. ChangingthenameofApplicationsin BOSS

Ifyouliketochangethenameoftheapplications,BOSSgivesyouanoptiontochangethose names. ChooseSystem>Preferences>MainMenu Awindowappearsasshowninthefigure.

18.1 Changingthenameofmainmenu
Followthesestepstochangethenameofmainmenu: 1. Doubleclicktheapplicationnametochangethenameofthatapplication.Foreg:to changethenameofSound&Videotoanyothername(eg:Multimedia)inItemsdouble clickonSound&Video.Awindowappearsasshowninthefigure.

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2. ChangethenameSound&VideotoMultimedia.

3. ClickClose.AlsointhewindowtitledMainMenuclicktheClosebutton. 4. ClickApplications.YoucanseethatthenameSounds&Videohasbeenchangedto Multimedia.

18.2 Changingthenameofsubmenu
Followthesestepstochangethenameofsubmenu: 1. For eg: to change the name of OpenOffice.org 3.2 Impress to another name(eg:Presentation)clickOfficeinMenus.

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2. From Items doubleclick OpenOffice.org 3.2 Impress. A window titled Launch Propertiesappears.

ChangethenameOpenOffice.org3.2ImpresstoPresentation. 3. ClickClose.AlsointhewindowtitledMainMenuclicktheClosebutton. 4. Click Applications > Office. The name OpenOffice.org 3.1 Impress has been changedtoPresentation.

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19. HowtoinstallANYTHINGinBOSS!!
ThinkingabouthowtoinstallanythinginBOSSGNU/Linux..EXEfilesnotworking?Thinking how to runthe.EXE? Don't worry,installing softwares,packages,themes,skins and other things are pretty easy in BOSS GNU/Linux. BOSS GNU/Linux provides you the Synaptic Manager which allows you to install anything in easy steps with good and easy understandableGUI.Initiallyhavealookatthescreenshotsinthisdocument,whichwill directyouinusingsynapticinyoursystem.

19.1 SynapticPackageManager
Synapticisagraphicalpackagemanagementprogramforapt.Itprovidesthesamefeaturesas theaptgetcommandlineutilitywithaGUIfrontendbasedonGTK+.

Features
Install,remove,upgradeanddowngradesingleandmultiplepackages. Upgradeyourwholesystem. Managepackagerepositories(sources.list). Findpackagesbyname,descriptionandseveralotherattributes. Selectpackagesbystatus,section,nameoracustomfilter. Sortpackagesbyname,status,sizeorversion. Browseallavailableonlinedocumentationrelatedtoapackage. Downloadthelatestchangelogofapackage. Lockpackagestothecurrentversion. Forcetheinstallationofaspecificpackageversion. Undo/Redoofselections. Builtinterminalemulatorforthepackagemanager. Configurepackagesthroughthedebconfsystem.

Thesynaptic,referstothe/etc/apt/sources.listfilefortherepositorylinksandinstallsthe softwaresfromthoserepositories.So,beforeinstallinganythingcheckwhetheryouhavethe correctentryinthesources.listfileornot(bydefaulttheseentriesarepresentinthefile).The BOSSrepositorylinksare: debhttp://packages.bosslinux.in/bossBOSSmaincontribnonfree debsrchttp://packages.bosslinux.in/bossBOSSmaincontribnonfree[todownloadsource] Youcaneditthissources.listfilemanuallyandthenopensynapticelse,afteryouopenthe synaptic,youcanentertheabovepathsthroughSettings>Repositories. TolaunchsynapticPackagemanager,gotoSystem>Administration>SynapticPackage ManagerortypesynapticinterminalandpressEnter. 226

ItopenstheSynapticWindow:

Bythistimeyoumighthavealreadydecidedwhichpackageorsoftwaretoinstall. PressCtrl+fwhichopensthefindwindow,whereyoucantypethepackagenamethat youwanttoinstall. Or Clickonanyofthepackageinthewindowandstarttypingthepackagename,which willletyouseethepackageswiththatnameonline(whiletyping).Thisopensthefind windowinthebottomrightcorner.

Afteryoufindyourpackageinthesynaptic,rightclickonthepackagename,andselectMark forInstallation.Thiswillmarkthepackageforinstallation,ingreencolor.Ifthereareany 227

dependenciestoinstall,itwillshowthedependentpackageslistinanotherwindowandtheir statuslike,whetheritissafetoinstallornot,whetherthedependentpackageremovesany otherpackageorinstallsanyotherpackages,whetherallthedependenciesareavailableinthe repositoryornot,etc.So,proceedfurtherbycheckingthedependenciesproperly. After you mark thepackage for installation, click on the Apply button in the top of the synapticwindow.Thisstartstheinstallationprocedure.

Now your package is installed successfully. To uninstall any installed package, the same 228

procedurebutinsteadofselectingtheMarkforInstallationselectMarkforRemoval.This willopenanewwindowwhichwillshowyouthelistofpackages(dependent)toberemoved. Makesurethatitsnotremovinganybasepackagesorneededpackages.

Note:IfyourarehavingaDHCPconnectionthennoneedtobother.ButifyouareusingthestaticIP ,then youneedtoenterthedetailsaboutyourproxyserverinSettings>Preferences>Network.

19.2 WhereismyBinaryFile?
BOSSGNU/LinuxusesDebianPackageManagementsystem.Youmighthavebeenclearabout this now. Sofor any new applicationyou need to search for the debian binaries are.deb packages.YoucaninitiallycheckintheBOSSrepositoryforthepackage. 1) UseSynapticPackageManagertoinstallthepackageintheabovementionedmethod. 2) Manuallyinstallfromthecommandpromptifyouknowtheexactpackagename. 3) So,ifthepackageisinthebossrepository,thendownloadthepackagemanuallyinto your system and use dpkg i <package.deb>. This works fine only if there are no dependenciestothatfile.Ifyoufindanydependenciesthenyouhavetodownloadall thefilesandinstallmanually. [BetteroptionistouseSynapticPackageManagertoinstallanysoftwareorpackage]

InstallpackagesfromTerminal
OpentheterminalApplications>Accessories>Terminal.Execute #vi/etc/apt/sources.list Addthefollowingiftheyarenotaddedpreviously http://packages.bosslinux.in/boss BOSS maincontribnonfree SavethefilebytypingEsc+:+wq Nowinterminaltypethefollowingcommands #aptgetupdate #aptgetinstall<packagename> If you are not finding the package in the repository then inform us at bosslinux@cdac.in.

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20. AboutBOSSLive
TheBOSSGNU/LinuxLiveprojectaimstocreateBOSSGNU/LinuxLiveCDs,DVDs,andUSBs fortheallthereleasesofBOSSGNU/Linux(andnewer). BOSSGNU/LinuxLiveisbasedonDebianGNU/Linux ThischapterisaboutBOSSGNU/Linux,aFreeandOpenSourceLiveLinuxDVD.BOSSisa GNU/LinuxdistributionthatbootsandrunscompletelyfromDVD.ItincludesrecentLinux softwareanddesktopenvironments,withprogramssuchasOpenOffice.org,Abiword,Gimp, Mozilla,Pidgin,XChat,Totem,andhundredsofotherqualityopensourceprograms.Italso includesdocumentconverter,Presentationtool,bluetoothdevicessupportandInputmethod forsomanyIndianLanguages. HowtouseBOSSGNU/LinuxLiveDVD BootwithBOSSGNU/LinuxDVDandselectStartBOSSLiveandpressEnter. BOSSGNU/LinuxLiveDVDbootsandloginwithdefaultuser"boss". Inordertoaccessadminprivilegesuse"sudo"beforeeverycommand.
Forexample::sudomkdirtemp

UsersandPasswords:
usersPasswords bossboss rootroot

Use external storage device(Pen/USB devices) or mounted hard disk partitions for savingdata. RemainingconfigurationsandusagewillbesameasBOSSGNU/LinuxInstallsection.

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21. AboutUtility
ItisaBOSSGNU/LinuxAddontoinstallextrasoftwareovertheBOSSGNU/Linux.Itcontains some of the workstation related packages which gives a brief focus on future releases. It contains Apachewebserver PHPscriptinglanguage Mysqldatabase Postgresql eGroupwarecollaborationtool TamilandHindiOTFonts. OpenofficeLanguagespackages Subversion Educationtools

HowtoUse 1. ChooseSystem>Administration> BOSSUtilities terminalandpressEnter. or type bossutilities in

NowyoucanseeaWelcomewindowonyourdesktoplikethis.

2. Next you will get a warning message about synaptic package manager. If synaptic managerisopenthentheinstallationwon'tcontinue.Socloseitbeforeproceeding.

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3. Itwillpopupwithinstallationwizard,thereyoucanselectpackagesyouwanttoinstall.

YoucangothroughREADMEfileanddocfolderontheUtilityDiskforfurtherassistance.

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22. TroubleshootingBOSSGNU/Linux
IfyoufaceanykindofproblemswithBOSSGNU/Linux,pleaseinformussothatwewillhelp youinsolvingit.Buttherearesomebasicissuesthatthelayuserscanalsotroubleshoottheir systemsontheirown.Thissectiongivesyoubriefintroductionofsomeoftheproblemsand thestepstosolvethoseissues.

22.1 ForgottenUserPassword
PasswordsarestoredinencryptedfilesonyourBOSSGNU/Linuxsystem:userscannotread thefileandseetheirownorotherpasswords.Ifyouforgetyouruserpassword,youmust createanewone. Ifyourealizethatyouhaveforgottenyourpasswordwhileloggedin,youcancreateanewone foryourself.Openashellpromptandenterthecommandpasswd.Thepasswdcommandasks forthenewpassword,whichyouwillhavetoentertwice.Thenexttimeyoulogin,usethe newpassword. Ifyouarenotloggedinwhenyourealizeyouhaveforgottenyourpassword,loginastheroot user. Open a shell prompt and enter the command $passwd <username> where <username>isyournormalusername.Thepasswdcommandrequiresyoutoenterthenew passwordtwice.Logoutofyoursystem.Youcannowlogbackinwithyournormalusername andyournewpassword.

22.2 ErrorMessagesduringinstallationofdeb

packages
Whileinstallingadebpackageforanynewapplication,youneedtoupdatetherepository pathsappropriatelyinthe/etc/apt/sources.listfileasexplainedinthepreviouschapter.When youexecutethe$aptgetupdatecommandatyourshellprompt,ifyouseethattherepositories arenotconnected,thentheremaybeaproblemofproxysettings.IfyouareusingtheDHCP connectionthenitmaynotcreateproblemunlessyouareabletoaccessinternetwell.Butif you are using the internet through proxy server then you need to export the http_proxy parametertoyourproxyserveripandportnumber.Ifyoudon'thaveanyideaaboutyour proxyserverthencontactyournetworkadministrator. Example:$exporthttp_proxy=http://192.168.31.100:3128 Nowyouwillseethatanupdateonyourrepositorieswillworkwell. Installingcertainpackages: 233

For installing a particular package, you need to know the exact package name of the application.Use aptgetinstall<packagename> toinstallapackageifyouknowtheexact packagename.Ifyouarenotsurewiththefullnameofthepackagethenyoucansearchthe relatedpackagesintherepositorybyusingthecommandaptcachesearch<packagename> wherethe<packagename>isyourassumedpackagename,andthisnamecanalsohavethe metacharactersincludedforeasysearch,likephp*givesalltheversionsofphplikephp imap,php4imap,php5imapetc.Onceyoufindtheexactpackagename,installitusingthe commandaptgetinstall<packagename>.

22.3 FontInstallation
DuetothechangeingnomevfsintheGNOMEdesktopenvironment.,fonts:///folderisremovedin
latestGNOME. StepstoinstallfontsinnewGNOMEDesktopenvironment 1. Openthefolderwhichcontainsthefontfiles. 2. Rightclickonthefontyouwanttoinstall,selecttheoptionfontviewer 3. ClickInstallfontoptiontoinstallthefont.Thiswillcreatea.fontsfolderunderthat particularuser. 4. Ifthefonttobeputsystemwide,thenmanuallycopyitto/usr/share/fonts/true type/<myfonts>

22.4 GrubRecovery
Weareusinggrub2thelatestversionofgrubinsteadofgrublegacyandinthistherecovery modesisalsochanged. Foragrubrecovery,bootthroughLivesession.openterminalandrun "grubinstall/dev/hd0" thiswillinstallgrubinMBR.forfurtherrefrenceongrub2recovery

IfitisthefirstBIOSdrive,thisisthesameaswell:
#grubinstall'(hd0)'

Oryoucanomittheparentheses:
#grubinstallhd0

ButalltheaboveassumethatGRUBshoulduseimagesundertherootdirectory.Ifyouwant GRUBtouseimagesunderadirectoryotherthantherootdirectory,youneedtospecifythe option rootdirectory. The typical usage is that you create a GRUB boot floppy with a filesystem. 234

#mke2fs/dev/fd0 #mounttext2/dev/fd0/mnt #grubinstallrootdirectory=/mntfd0 #umount/mnt

whenyouhaveaseparatebootpartitionwhichismountedat /boot.SinceGRUBisa bootloader,itdoesn'tknowanythingaboutmountpointsatall.Thus,youneedtorungrub installlikethis:

#grubinstallrootdirectory=/boot/dev/hda

Similarlytheconfigurationfilesarealsochangedandputupwithmoresecurity.Insteadofa singlemenu.lstnowtheconfigurationfilesaredividedandmaintainedseparately. Nowgrub.cfgwillreplacemenu.lst. Differencebetweengrub2togrublegacy grub.cfg is typically automatically generated by grub-mkconfig. Partition numbers in GRUB device names now start at 1, not 0. The configuration file is now written in something closer to a full scripting language: variables, conditionals, and loops are available. A small amount of persistent storage is available across reboots, using the save_env and load_env commands in GRUB and the grub-editenv utility. GRUB 2 has more reliable ways to find its own files and those of target kernels on multipledisk systems, and has commands to find devices using file system labels or Universally Unique Identifiers (UUIDs). GRUB 2 is available for several other types of system in addition to the PC BIOS systems supported by GRUB Legacy: PC EFI, PC coreboot, PowerPC, SPARC, and MIPS Lemote Yeeloong are all supported. Many more file systems are supported, including but not limited to ext4, HFS+, and NTFS. GRUB 2 can read files directly from LVM and RAID devices. A graphical terminal and a graphical menu system are available. GRUB 2's interface can be translated, including menu entry names. The image files that make up GRUB have been reorganized; Stage 1, Stage 1.5, and Stage 2 are no more. GRUB 2 puts many facilities in dynamically loaded modules, allowing the core image to be smaller, and allowing the core image to be built in more flexible ways.

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23. Conclusion
TheBOSSGNU/LinuxprojecthasgivenrisetoanIndiandistributionofGNU/Linuxtargeted attheprimaryandsecondaryschoolstudents.Inspiteoftheconstraintsonhumanresources, theteamwasabletobuildthisLinuxdistributioninarelativelyshorttime. Theprojectisongoingandthenextreleaseofthesoftwareiscurrentlybeingworked on. FurthertherepositoryforBOSSGNU/Linuxwillmakeiteasiertobuildcustomizeddistros basedonitaswellasbyapplicationdevelopers.

ChoiceofFOSS
Majorityofgovernmentcomputerusersrequiresoftwarefordoinganumberofcommontasks likeofficeapplications(Wordprocessor,spreadsheet),accessingtheInternetandmultimedia inasecuredenvironment.However,tobringitoneverydeskthesoftwareshouldbelowcost and preferably no licensing fees at all. FOSS and GNU/Linux in particular meet all these requirementsasitisfreeforuseandcanbefreelycopied,modifiedanddistributed.Itcanalso beeasilylocalizedtomeetlocalneedsandlanguage.GNU/Linuxisalsorelativelyimmuneto commoncomputerviruses,wormsandspyware.

23.1 AboutCDAC
Established in March 1988, asaScientific Society of theMinistry of Communicationsand InformationTechnology,GovernmentofIndia,CDACisprimarilyanR&Dinstitutioninvolved in the design, development and deployment of electronics and advanced Information Technology(IT)productsandsolutions. CDAChasestablisheditselfaspremierR&DinstitutionofNationalandInternationalrepute working in advanced areas of Electronics and Information Technology, developing and deployingITproductsandsolutionsfordiversesectorsoftheeconomy.

23.2 AboutNRCFOSS
NRCFOSS has been promoted by the Department of Information Technology, MCIT, GovernmentofIndiatoaddresstheissuesrelatedtoFOSSintheIndiancontextandtoexplore how FOSS can play the twin roles of helping to bridge the digital divide as well as strengtheningtheIndiansoftwareindustry. One of the main objective of NRCFOSS is to come up with a local Indian GNU/Linux distributionviz.BOSS(BharatOperatingSystemsSolutions).Itwasdecidedbyacommitteeof expertstohaveanIndiandistributionof Linuxsothatthelanguage used forthedesktop environmentandsomeoftheapplicationscanbeintheIndianlanguagewhichwillenable nonEnglishliterateusersinthecountrytobeexposedtoICTandtousethecomputermore 236

effectively.Inthelongterm,theBOSSGNU/Linuxprojectwillattempttobethestandard GNU/LinuxdistributionfordesktopcomputersinIndia.

23.3 ContactUs
Toknowmoreaboutus,youcanvisittheNRCFOSSportalathttp://nrcfoss.org.in/andfurther information about BOSS GNU/Linux and recent updates can be found at http://www.bosslinux.inAlsoyoucantalktotheBOSSTeamMembersonlinethroughtheirc . channel#BOSSnrcfossatFreenode. CentreforDevelopmentofAdvancedComputing(CDAC), 8thFloor,DSouth&North, TidelParkLtd., No.4,RajivGandhiSalai, Taramani, Chennai600113 Ph:914422542226/27 TollFreeNo:18004250455 Website:http://www.bosslinux.in Email:bosslinux@cdac.in

23.4 BOSSSupportCentres
AddressesofBOSSSupportCentresinIndia
BOSSSupportCentre CentreforDevelopmentofAdvancedComputing, PlotE2/1,BlockGP ,SectorV , Bindhanagar,SaltLake, Kolkata700091 Ph:03323573950 BOSSSupportCentre CentreforDevelopmentofAdvancedComputing, 68,ElectronicsCity,

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Bangalore560100 PH:08028523300 Email:bosslinux@ncb.ernet.in,bosslinux@cdacbangalore.in BOSSSupportCentre CentreforDevelopmentofAdvancedComputing, A34,Phase8,IndustrialArea, Mohali,Chandigarh160071 Punjab Ph:01722237054 BOSSLab,CDAC 6CGOComplex ElectronicsNiketan LodhiRoad NewDelhi110003 Ph:01124301313 Email:bosshelp@mit.gov.in BOSSSupportCentre CentreforDevelopmentofAdvancedComputing, AnusandhanBhawan,C56/1, Sector62, Noida201307 UttarPradesh PH:01203063344 BOSSSupportCentre CentreforDevelopmentofAdvancedComputing, Vellayambalam, 238

Thirunananthapuram695033 2Ph:04712314412 BOSSSupportCentre CentreforDevelopmentofAdvancedComputing, CampusofPuneUniversity Pune411007 Ph:0202564093 BOSSSupportCentre CentreforDevelopmentofAdvancedComputing, 2ndFloor,DeltaChambers, Ameerpeth,Hyderabad500016 Ph:040231050115 BOSSSupportCentre CentreforDevelopmentofAdvancedComputing, GulmoharCrossRoadNo9 Juhu,Mumbai400049 Ph:02226201488 Email:bosslinux.support@cdacmumbai.in BOSSSupportCentre CentreforDevelopmentofAdvancedComputing(CDAC), 8thFloor,DSouth&North, TidelParkLtd., No.4,RajivGandhiSalai, Taramani, Chennai600113 Ph:914422542226/27TollFreeNo:18004250455 Email:bosslinux@cdac.in 239