A

Abdominoplasty - or "tummy tuck" is a cosmetic surgery procedure used to make the abdomen more firm. Acromioplasty - is a arthroscopic surgical procedure of the acromion. Adenoidectomy - is the surgical removal of the adenoids. Adrenalectomy - is the surgical removal of one or both (bilateral adrenalectomy) adrenal glands. Amniotomy - an artificial rupture of membranes (AROM) Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma or surgery. Amygdalohippocampectomy is a surgical procedure for the treatment of epilepsy. Anal sphincterotomy - is a surgical procedure that involves treating mucosal fissures from the anal canal/sphincter. Angioplasty surgical repair or recanalization of a blood vessel. Anterior temporal lobectomy - is the complete removal of the anterior portion of the temporal lobe of the brain. Antrectomy is the excision of an antrum. Antrostomy the operation of an opening antrum. Antrotomy is the incision of an antrum. Appendectomy - is the surgical removal of the vermiform appendix.

B
Arthroplasty - is an operative procedure of orthopedic surgery performed, in which the arthritic or dysfunctional joint surface is replaced with something better or by remodeling or realigning the joint by osteotomy or some other procedure. Arthrotomy - is a process involving creating an opening in a joint. Arytenoidectomy - is the surgical excision of arytenoids cartilage. Auriculectomy - is the surgical removal of the ear due to disease or trauma, generally followed by rehabilitation involving Ear Prosthesis. Axotomy - is the cutting or otherwise severing an axon. Biopsy - is a medical test involving the removal of cells or tissues for examination. Blepharaptosis repair is the correction of drooping upper eyelid. Blepharoplasty is the excision of a protusion of intraorbital fat and resection of excessive rebundant of skin eyelids. Brain biopsy is the removal of a small piece of brain tissue for the diagnosis of abnormalities of the brain. Breast Biopsy is the removal of tissue to determine the nature of a breast lesion. Breast implant - is a prosthesis used to alter the size, form, and feel of a woman s breasts in post mastectomy breast reconstruction; for correcting chest wall congenital deformities; for breast augmentation (aesthetic enhancement); and as a procedural aspect of male-to-female gender transition surgery. 6

C
Breast reconstruction - is the rebuilding of a breast, usually in women. Bronchoplasty a surgical defect of a bronchial defect. Bronchoscopy - is a technique of visualizing the inside of the airways for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Bronchotomy - a surgical incision into the throat. Brostrm operation - is a repair of damaged ligaments on the outer ("lateral") side of the ankle. It is designed to address ankle instability. Bunionectomy is the excision of a soft tissue and/or bony mass at the medial aspect of the first metastarsal head. Bursectomy - removal of the bursa of Fabricius. Cardiotomy - is a procedure where an incision is made in the heart. Cauterization is a medical practice or technique of burning of part of a body to remove or close off a part of it. Cervicectomy - is a surgical removal of the uterine cervix. Cholecystectomy - is the surgical removal of the gallbladder. Cholecystostomy - is a procedure where a stoma is created in the gallbladder, which can facilitate placement of a tube for drainage. Circumcision - is the surgical removal of some or all of the foreskin (prepuce) from the penis.

Clitoridectomy - is the surgical removal of the clitoris. It is rarely needed as a therapeutic medical procedure, such as when cancer has developed in or spread to the clitoris. Most removals of the clitoris occur as female genital cutting, defined by the World Health Organisation as "all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs whether for cultural, religious or other non-therapeutic reasons.". Clitoroplasty - is a term for the surgical creation of a clitoris, or restoration, in the case of procedures reversing the damage caused by female genital mutilation. Coccygectomy - is surgery to remove the coccyx. Colectomy excision of a portion or the entire colon. Colostomy surgical formation of an artificial anus by connecting the colon to an opening in the abdominal wall.

Colporrhaphy - is a surgical procedure in humans that repairs a defect in the wall of the vagina. Commissurotomy - is a surgical incision of a commissure in the body, as one made in the heart at the edges of the commissure formed by cardiac valves, or one made in the brain to treat certain psychiatric disorders. Cordectomy is the surgical removal of one or more vocal cords. Cordotomy - is a surgical division of a tract of the spinal cord for relief of severe intractable pain. Corneal transplantation - also known as corneal grafting, is a surgical procedure where a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced by donated corneal tissue (the graft) in its entirety (penetrating keratoplasty) or in part (lamellar keratoplasty). Craniotomy - is a surgical operation in which a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to access the brain. 10

Cricothyroidotomy - tracheotomy by incision through the skin and cricothyroid membrane especially as an emergency procedure for relief of an obstruction airway Cricothyrotomy - is an incision made through the skin and cricothyroid membrane to establish a patent airway during certain life-threatening situations. Cystectomy is a medical term for surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder.

Decompressive craniectomy - is a neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to allow a swelling brain room to expand without being squeezed. It is performed on victims of traumatic brain injury and stroke. Discectomy - is the surgical removal of herniated disc material that presses on a nerve root or the spinal cord. Diverticulectomy the surgical removal of the diverticulum. Duodenocholedochotomy choledoctomy performed by approach through the duodenum by incision. Duodenojejunostomy a surgical operation the joins part of the duodenum and the jejunum with creation of an artificial opening between them. Duodenotomy is the incision of the duodenum.

D
Dacryocystorhinostomy is the reestablishment of a passageway between lacrimal duct and the nasal cavity.

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E
Embolectomy - is the emergency surgical removal of emboli which are blocking blood circulation. Endarterectomy - is a surgical removal of the inner layer of the artery when thickened and atheromatous or concluded. Endometrial Biopsy - This is a procedure to remove a tissue sample from the lining of the uterus (womb). Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) - is a surgical procedure where certain portions of the sympathetic nerve trunk are destroyed. ETS is used to treat hyperhidrosis, facial blushing, Raynaud's disease and reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Epiphysiodesis - is a Pediatric surgical procedure in which the epiphyseal (growth) plate of a bone is either removed, or a cube containing part of it rotated 90 and reinserted. Episiorrhaphy is the surgical repair of injury to vulva by suturing. Episiotomy - also known as perineotomy, is a surgically planned incision on the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall during second stage of labour. Episiotomy is the surgical enlargement of the vulval orifice for obstetrical purposes during parturition. Escharotomy - is a surgical procedure used to treat full thickness (third-degree) circumferential burns. Esophagectomy -is the surgical removal of all or part of the esophagus .

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F
Facetectomy is a surgical procedure which involves decompression of a spinal nerve root. Fasciotomy - is a surgical procedure where the fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure. Femoropopliteal Bypass the interposition of a graft from the common femoral artery to the poplital artery in order to bypass an occluded segment of the superficial femoral artery. Fibroid Tumor Removal - This surgery involves removing fibroids from the wall of the uterus (womb). Fibroids are noncancerous tumors in the muscle of the uterus. Fistulotomy - is the surgical opening of a fistulous tract.

Foraminotomy - is a medical operation used to relieve pressure on nerves that are being compressed by the intervertebral foramina, the passages through the bones of the vertebrae of the spine that pass nerve bundles to the body from the spinal cord. Frenectomy - is the removal of a frenulum, a small fold of tissue that prevents an organ in the body from moving too far. Frenuloplasty - is the surgical alteration of a frenulum when its presence restricts range of motion between interconnected tissues.

G
Ganglionectomy - also called a gangliectomy, is the surgical removal of a ganglion. The removal of a ganglion cyst usually requires a ganglionectomy. Gastrectomy - is a partial or full surgical removal of the stomach.

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H
Gastroduodenostomy -is a surgical procedure where the doctor creates a new connection between the stomach and the duodenum. Gastroenterostomy - is the surgical creation of a connection between the stomach and the jejunum. Gastrostomy - refers to a surgical opening into the stomach. Gingivectomy -is a periodontal surgical procedure which includes the removal of gingival tissue in order to achieve a more aesthetic appearance and/or functional contour. Glaucoma - surgery is surgery to lower pressure inside the eye. Glossectomy - is the surgical removal of all or part of the tongue. Gonadectomy a surgical removal of an ovary or testis. 17 Heart transplant - (or a cardiac transplantation) is a surgical transplant procedure performed on patients with end-stage heart failure or severe coronary artery disease. Hemicorporectomy (also named translumbar amputation and "halfectomy") - is a radical surgery in which the body below the waist is amputated, transecting the lumbar spine. Hemipelvectomy - is a high level pelvic amputation. Hemispherectomy is a very rare surgical procedure where one cerebral hemisphere (half of the brain) is removed or disabled. Hepatectomy - consists on the surgical resection of the liver. Hepatoportoenterostomy (or Kasai portoenterostomy ) is a surgical treatment performed on infants with biliary atresia to allow for bile drainage. 18

Hepatoportoenterostomy - is a surgical treatment performed on infants with biliary atresia to allow for bile drainage. Herniorrhaphy - (Hernia repair) refers to a surgical operation for the correction of a hernia. Hip Replacement - A total hip replacement is a surgery to replace a diseased or injured hip joint. Hymenorrhaphy or hymen reconstruction surgery is the surgical restoration of the hymen. Hymenotomy - is a minor medical procedure involving the surgical removal or opening of the hymen. Hypnosurgery is the term given to an operation where the patient is sedated using hypnotherapy rather than traditional anaesthetics. Hypophysectomy - is the surgical removal of the hypophysis (pituitary gland).

Hysterectomy - is the surgical removal of the uterus. Hysterotomy - is an incision in the uterus.

I
Ileostomy - is a surgical opening constructed by bringing the end or loop of small intestine (the ileum) out onto the surface of the skin. Ingrown Toenail Removal - This is surgery to remove a toenail that has curled and grown into the skin, causing pain. Iridectomy - is the surgical removal of part of the iris.

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J
Jejunoileal bypass a surgical bypass operation performed esp. to reduce absorption in the small intestine that involves joining the first part of the jejunum with more distal segment of the ileum. Jejunoileostomy the formation of an anastomosis between the jejunum and the ileum. Jejunostomy - refers to an artificial opening into the jejunum. Khyphoplasty - is a type of surgery to repair compression fracture to vertebra, often from osteoporosis. Kidney Biopsy - is the removal of a small piece of kidney tissue or cells. Kidney transplant - is a surgery to replace a diseased or damaged kidney with a donor kidney. Knee arthroplasty - this surgery involves removing a diseased or injured knee joint and replacing it with an artificial one. Kyphoplasty is a medical spinal procedure where bone cement is injected through a small hole in the skin (percutaneously) into a fractured vertebra with the goal of relieving the pain of osteoporotic compression fractures.

K
Keratectomy is a surgical excision of part of the cornea. Keratoplasty - this is a surgical procedure used to replace a portion of a diseased or damaged cornea with a healthy one.

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L
Labiaplasty - is plastic surgery of either the labia majora or the labia minora or both the external folds of skin surrounding the structures of the vulva in order to reduce the size of elongated labia. Laminectomy - is a spine operation to remove the portion of the vertebral bone called the lamina. Laminotomy - is a neurosurgical procedure that removes part of a lamina of the vertebral arch in order to decompress the corresponding spinal cord and/or spinal nerve root. Laparoscopy - is an operation performed in the abdomen or pelvis through small incisions with the aid of a camera. Laparotomy - is a surgical procedure involving a large incision through the abdominal wall to gain access into the abdominal cavity. Laryngectomy - is the removal of the larynx and separation of the airway from the mouth, nose and esophagus. Laryngoscopy - is the visual exam of the voice box (larynx) and the vocal cords. Lateral internal sphincterotomy - is an operation performed on the internal anal sphincter muscle for the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Liposuction - is an elective surgical procedure. It reshapes the body through the removal of excess body fat. Lithotripsy - refers to the physical destruction of gallstones or kidney stones. Liver Biopsy - This is a procedure to obtain a sample of your liver tissue

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M
Lobectomy - surgical removal of a lobe of an organ or gland. Lobotomy surgical severance of nerve fibers connecting the frontal lobes to the thalamus for the relief of some mental disorders. Lumpectomy - is a surgical procedure designed to remove a discrete lump, usually a benign tumor or breast cancer, from an affected man or woman's breast. Lung transplantation - (or pulmonary transplantation) is a surgical procedure in which a patient's diseased lungs are partially or totally replaced by lungs which come from a donor. Lymph node biopsy - is a test in which a lymph node or a piece of a lymph node is removed for examination under a microscope. Lymphadenectomy consists of the surgical removal of one or more groups of lymph nodes. Mastectomy - is the medical term for the surgical removal of one or both breasts, partially or completely. Mastiodectomy a surgical removal of the mastoid cells or of the mastoid process of the temporal bone. Mastopexy - is the mammoplasty procedure for correcting the size, contour, and pectoral elevation of ptotic breasts. Mastotomy is the incision of the breast. Meniscectomy - Excision of a meniscus, usually from the knee joint. Mentoplasty - is a term that refers to plastic surgery procedures for the chin. Muscle biopsy - is a procedure in which a piece of muscle tissue is removed from an organism and examined microscopically.

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Myomectomy - sometimes also fibroidectomy, refers to the surgical removal of uterine leiomyomas, also known as fibroids. Myotomy describes a surgical procedure in which muscle is cut. Myringotomy - is a surgical procedure in which a tiny incision is created in the eardrum, so as to relieve pressure caused by the excessive build-up of fluid, or to drain pus.

Nephrorrhaphy the fixation of a floating kidney by suturing it to the posterior abdominal wall. Nephrostomy - is an artificial opening created between the kidney and the skin which allows for the drainage of urine directly from the upper part of the urinary system (renal pelvis). Nephrostomy the surgical formation of an opening between a renal pelvis and the outside of the body. Nephrotomy describes a surgical procedure in which the kidney is cut. Neurectomy is the surgical removal of a nerve or a section of a nerve. Neurorrhaphy the surgical suturing of divided nerve. 28

N
Nephrectomy is the surgical removal of a kidney. Nephrolithotomy the surgical operation of removing a calculus from the kidney. Nephropexy a surgical fixation of a floating kidney.

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Neurosurgery (or neurological surgery) - is the medical specialty concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of disorders which affect any portion of the nervous system including the brain, spinal column, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and extra-cranial cerebrovascular system. Neurotomy the dissection or cutting of nerves. Nissen fundoplication - is a surgical procedure to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and hiatus hernia.

Orchidectomy - is a surgical procedure to remove a testicle and the full spermatic cord through an incision in the abdomen. Orchiectomy is one form of castration. Ostectomy - is a procedure involving the removal of bone. Osteotomy - is a surgical operation whereby a bone is cut to shorten, lengthen, or change its alignment. Otoplasty - denotes the surgical and non-surgical procedures for correcting the deformities and defects of the external ear (pinna); and for reconstructing a missing ear. Ovarian Cyst Removal - This is surgery to remove a cyst on an ovary.

O
Omentopexy - is a surgical procedure whereby the greater omentum is sutured to a nearby organ. Oophorectomy - is the surgical removal of an ovary or ovaries.

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P
Penectomy is the practice of surgical removal of the penis for medical or personal reasons. Palatoplasty - is a surgical procedure used to correct or reconstruct the palate in a person with a cleft palate. Pallidotomy - is a procedure where a tiny electrical probe is placed in the globus pallidus (one of the basal ganglia of the brain), which is then heated to 80 degrees celsius for 60 s, to destroy a small area of brain cells. Pancreatectomy - is the surgical removal of all or part of the pancreas. Pancreaticoduodenectomy also called Pancreatoduodenectomy, Whipple procedure, or Kausch-Whipple procedure, is a major surgical operation involving the pancreas, duodenum, and other organs. Parathyroidectomy - is the surgical removal of one or more parathyroid glands. 31 Pericardial Window - is a cardiac surgical procedure to create a fistula - or "window" - from the pericardial space to the peritoneal cavity. Pericardiectomy is the surgical removal of part or most of the pericardium. Phalloplasty refers to the construction (or reconstruction) of a penis or, sometimes, artificial modification of the penis by surgery, often for cosmetic purposes. Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) - is a laser eye surgery procedures intended to correct a person's vision, reducing dependency on glasses or contact lenses. Pinealectomy is a surgical procedure in which the pineal gland is removed.

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Pleurodesis is a medical procedure in which the pleural space is artificially obliterated. Pneumonectomy - (or pneumectomy) is a surgical procedure to remove a lung. Proctocolectomy is the surgical removal of the rectum and all or part of the colon. Prostate biopsy - is a procedure in which small samples are removed from a man's prostate gland to be tested for the presence of cancer. Prostatectomy - is the surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland. Psychosurgery - also called neurosurgery for mental disorder (NMD), is the neurosurgical treatment of mental disorder. Punctoplasty - is a surgical procedure to restore the proper drainage of tears when the Lacrimal punctum(puncta lacrimalia) gets blocked in one or both the eyes. 33

Pyeloplasty - is the surgical reconstruction or revision of the renal pelvis to drain and decompress the kidney. Most commonly it is performed to treat an uretero-pelvic junction obstruction if residual renal function is adequate. Pyloromyotomy - is a surgical procedure in which an incision is made in the longitudinal and circular muscles of the pylorus. Pyloroplasty - is a surgery to correct a narrowing of the pyloric sphincter.

R
Radial keratotomy (RK) - is a refractive surgical procedure to correct myopia. Radiosurgery - is a medical procedure that allows non-invasive treatment of benign and malignant tumors.

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Renal Biopsy - is a procedure in which a sample of kidney (also called renal) tissue is obtained. Rhinectomy - is the surgical removal of a nose. If only part of the nose is removed it is called a partial rhinectomy, while entire nose removal is called a total rhinectomy. Rhinoplasty - is a plastic surgery procedure for correcting and reconstructing the form, restoring the functions, and aesthetically enhancing the nose. Rhizotomy - is a term chiefly referring to a neurosurgical procedure that selectively severs problematic nerve roots in the spinal cord. Rotationplasty - is type of autograft wherein a portion of a limb is removed, while the remaining limb below the involved portion is rotated and reattached. 35

S
Salpingectomy refers to the surgical removal of a Fallopian tube. Salpingoophorectomy - is the removal of an ovary and its uterine tube. Scrotoplasty - also known as Oscheoplasty, is reparative or plastic surgery of the scrotum. Septoplasty - is a corrective surgical procedure done to straighten the nasal septum, the partition between the two nasal cavities. Sinusotomy - is a surgical operation in which an incision is made in a sinus. Spleen transplantation - is the transfer of spleen or spleen fragments from one individual to another. Splenectomy - is a surgical procedure that partially or completely removes the spleen. 36

T
Tendon transfer - is a surgical process in which the insertion of a tendon is moved, but the origin remains in the same location. Tenotomy - is a surgical act which involves the division of a tendon. Thalamotomy a surgical operation involving electrocoagulation of areas of the thalamus to interrupt pathways of nervous transmission through the thalamus for relief of certain mental and psychomotor disorders. Thoracotomy - is an incision into the pleural space of the chest. Thymectomy - is an operation to remove the thymus. Thymus transplantation - is a form of organ transplantation where the thymus is moved from one body to another. 38

Splenorrhaphy - The process of surgically fixing an ectopic or floating spleen. Stapedectomy - is a surgical procedure of the middle ear performed to improve hearing. Sympathectomy - is a procedure where a sensory ganglion or autonomic ganglion is removed. Symphysiotomy - is a surgical procedure in which the cartilage of the pubic symphysis is divided to widen the pelvis allowing childbirth when there is a mechanical problem. Synovectomy - is the surgical removal of a part of the synovial membrane of a synovial joint.

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Thyroidectomy - is an operation that involves the surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland. Thyrotomy - (also called thyroidotomy, median laryngotomy, laryngofissure or thyrofissure) is an incision of the larynx through the thyroid cartilage. Tonsillectomy - is a surgical procedure in which the tonsils are removed from either side of the throat. Trabeculectomy - is a surgical procedure used in the treatment of glaucoma to relieve intraocular pressure by removing part of the eye's trabecular meshwork and adjacent structures. Trabeculoplasty - is a treatment for glaucoma plastic surgery performed on the trabecula. Tracheotomy - consists of making an incision on the anterior aspect of the neck and opening a direct airway through an incision in the trachea. 39

Tubal ligation - or tubectomy (also known as having one's "tubes tied" (ligation)) is a surgical procedure for sterilization in which a woman's fallopian tubes are clamped and blocked, or severed and sealed, either method of which prevents eggs from reaching the uterus for fertilization. Tubal reversal - also called tubal sterilization reversal or tubal ligation reversal, is a surgical procedure that attempts to restore fertility to women after a tubal ligation.

U
Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) reconstruction is a surgical procedure in which a ligament in the medial elbow is replaced with a tendon from elsewhere in the body (often from the forearm, hamstring, knee, or foot of the patient).

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V
Ureterosigmoidostomy - is a surgical procedure where the ureters which carry urine from the kidneys, are diverted into the sigmoid colon. Ureterostomy - is the creation of a stoma (a new, artificial outlet) for a ureter or kidney. Urethropexy is a surgical procedure where support is provided to the urethra. Urethroplasty - is an operation for the repair of an injury or a defect in the walls of the urethra. Urostomy - is a stoma (artificial opening) for the urinary system. Uvulopalatoplasty - is a surgical procedure performed with the aim of reducing or eliminating snoring. Uvulotomy - is any cutting operation performed on the uvula. 41

Vaginectomy - is a medical procedure to remove all or part of the vagina. Vaginoplasty - is a reconstructive plastic surgery procedure for correcting the defects and deformities of the vaginal canal and its mucous membrane, and of vulvo-vaginal structures that might be absent or damaged. Vagotomy - is a surgical procedure that involves resection of the vagus nerve. Vasectomy is a surgical procedure for male sterilization and/or permanent birth control. Vasoepididymostomy (or epididymovasostomy) is a surgery by which vasectomies are reversed. 42

Ventriculostomy - is a neurosurgical procedure that involves creating a hole ("ostomy") within a cerebral ventricle for drainage. Vertebrectomy is the surgical excision of a vertebra. Vitrectomy is a surgery to remove some or all of the vitreous humor from the eye. Vulvectomy - refers to a gynecological procedure in which the vulva is partly or completely removed. Vasovasostomy - (literally connection of the vas to the vas) is a surgery by which vasectomies are partially reversed.

W
Weight Loss Surgery (or Bariatric surgery) - is achieved by reducing the size of the stomach with an implanted medical device or through removal of a portion of the stomach or by resecting and re-routing the small intestines to a small stomach pouch.

X
X-rays - use a small dose of radiation to create pictures of the inside of the body.

Z
Z-plasty - is a plastic surgery technique that is used to improve the functional and cosmetic appearance of scars.

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Hand Held Instruments

y Hemostatic Forceps (A)Mosquite. (B) Kelly. (C) Kocher (D) Carmalt. (E) Schnidt Tonsil.

y Soft Tissue Forceps A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. Backhaus Towel Allis Intestinal Babcock Intestinal Lahey Goiter Mixter Gall Duct Doyen Intestinal Forrester Sponge Kantorwitz Right Angle NonperforatingTowel Clamp. 46

SURGICAL TERMINOLOGIES

y Thumb Forceps A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Adson Brown-Adson Thumb w/teeth Bonnie Russian Cushing DeBakey Dressing 47

Jeanne Camille B. Tura BSN III

Prefixes
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

Suffixes
y y y y y y y y y y

angio- : related to blood vessels arthr- : related to a joint bi- : two colpo- : related to the vagina encephal- : related to the brain hepat- : related to the liver hyster- : related to the uterus lapar- : related to the abdominal cavity lobo- : related to a lobe (of the brain or lungs) mammo- and masto-: related to the breast myo- : related to muscle tissue nephro- : related to the kidney oophor- : related to the ovary orchid- : related to the testicle vas- : related to a duct, usually the vas deferens lamino- : related to vertebrae intervertebral disc gastro- : related to stomach colono- : related to large intestine colon cysto- : related to the bladder

-centesis : surgical puncture -desis : fusion of two parts into one, stabilization -ectomy : surgical removal. The term 'resection' is also used, especially when referring to a tumor. -opsy : looking at -oscopy : viewing of, normally with a scope -ostomy or -stomy : surgically creating a hole (a new "mouth" or "stoma") -otomy or -tomy : surgical incision. -pexy : to fix or secure -plasty : to modify or reshape (sometimes entails replacement with a prosthesis) -rrhapy : to strengthen, usually with suture