n lhs ssue o DWS, we conlnue lhe dscusson o urban

a~endas, and lhe lopcs ran~e broady ron sheds" o lhe

perceved ~rowlh o L./. lo hnls" o des~ned denealons
represenled by Ma Lehrer and Jua Czernak; ron Mchae
Malzan's crealve dsruplons lo Mchae Woo's polca poelry;
and Maro Candesonas' urban represenlalons wlh bolh a
sense o ulure as we as hslory Pau Crolh). Ths revanped
nleresl n cles nay or nay nol concde wlh lhe /'s revsl o
Marcos ovak's lhess 7|onsm||n /|c||ec:|e o over a decade
a~o, bul l s dennley nanesled n a ourcly, lransoceanc
dao~ue belween London, Shan~ha, Mexco Cly, and L./.
n lhe era o lhe ~oba cly, s l possbe lo |mo|ne cles?
so, whal are lhe new loos and new palorns? These are lhe
queslons posed al lhe Schoo and nvesl~aled n a seres
o ~raduale sludos, as we as n an ener~n~ eorl lo orn
research abs across pro~rans and dscpnes or exanpe,
al lhe `'an Horlculura Expo n Chna, nol lo nenlon wlh
vared allenpls lo allracl nalona research unds.
Wlh lhe rsky assunplon lhal new d~la lechnoo~es, dala
syslens, and lhe orna lradlons o conpulalona des~n
a~endas w elher de on lher own swords or nnd e n an urban
a~enda, dao~ues and debale are conslanl anon~ Ca Eorden,
Davd Cerber, Poand Snooks, and lhe nany des~n nleecls"
brou~hl n by e Leach lo revew lhe on~ overdue paranelrc
urbansn. Whal s so poweru aboul paranelrc urbansn s
lhal archlecls can now hope lo parlcpale n urbansn as lrue
nasler panners: wlh ornspace vsuazalon, socopolca
anblon, and ecoo~ca and econonc nana~enenl. Eul lhe
b~ acl s lhal we nay nol have lo bud onv||n or lhe cles
Ths s reay b~. Feasl? 0r ear?
0n~yun Ma
Dean
Dea & Harry MacDonad Dean's Char
SC Schoo o /rchleclure
: USC 1004091 1
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DE/ EWS ? D/L0CE SPPC ?0
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|ce ||cm v|cc| !cnes. 7|e o|cne |ne|v|e. oeon .|| o s|c|
mcmen c| s||ence .|||e |eo|e|. ||c|oe|s oe|scno| oss|son.
|ons|e||ec |e co||. |n |o mcmen c| s||ence. |c:|s ooc:
o|c||ecs s|:|es .|| |e :nce|o|n|es |es:||n ||cm
|e ne. eccncmv .e|e c||c:|o|n |n mv m|nc. 5: |e ne.s
ocs|ns cn |e ||c|oe| |o|zon /|c||ec:|e (||/: .eos|e
s:es |o |e c|||ce |s oeo|n |e cccs. /|o |s c|s|nc|ve
ooc: ||/s oc||c||c |s |e |mo||ec c|c|ccmv oe.een ces|n
o|cecs |o se|ve |e coec|ves c| .eo||v oc.e| o|ove|s onc
|e c|v|c ces|n enceovc|s |c| :nce|se|vec c||zens |o |ove
oeen. o|| cc c|en. c: c| o|c||ec:|es so|e|e c| |n||:ence.
7|en. o ve|v c|o|m|n onc co|m vc|ce so|c. |e||c. v|cc|. 7||s
|s ||c|oe|.`
\J: /ou are besl known or a handu o h~hproe pro|ecls
lhal ncude lhe Her~oll Shepard Pesdence, lhe recenly
conpeled Pllnan Dowe Pesdence, M0M/ 0ueens, and lhe
new budn~ or lhe Fresno /rl Museun. 0n lhe olher hand,
MM/ recenly conpeled a seres o socaydrven pro|ecls
such as lhe nner Cly /rls Canpus and lhe ew Carver
/parlnenls. Woud you lak aboul how you nav~ale and
|u~~e pro|ecls wlh very derenl a~endas?
MM: Whe lhere are specc ssues lhal separale one
pro|ecl ron anolher, whelher sle, bud~el, polcs, or
soca condlons, we have aways approached pro|ecls n a
very snar way, cerlany n lerns o how lhey are lhou~hl
aboul. /ou can see, when laken as a whoe, connon lhreads
and deas runnn~ lhrou~h lhen. Many o our pro|ecls dea
speccay wlh lhe arls. The reasons we have becone so
nvoved wlh lhe arls are lhe sane reasons why we have
been workn~ on nore socay nolvaled pro|ecls. Lookn~
al archleclure's on~on~ roe realve lo pubc space and
lhe pubc rean s a undanenla a~enda o lhe sludo's
and nne. Frsl, 'n lakn~ aboul lhe nsllulona pro|ecls,
ke nuseuns and ~aery pro|ecls. Much s evovn~ n lhe
way lhe pubc rean o arl nsllulons s chaen~ed by lhe
conlenporary ~aery scene's en~a~enenl wlh lhe pubc as
a whoe. Wlh lhe resdenla pro|ecls, lhere are aways very
specc cenls and lhe houses have a s~hly derenl sel o
concerns dean~ wlh doneslcly. However, lhnk because
nosl o our pro|ecls nvove cenls who have serous arl
coeclons or who are arlsl lhenseves, lhose cenls' ves
nlersecl very lan~by wlh lhs ar~er dea o lhe soca and
pubc conneclon.
\J: We've dscovered how ra~nenled /nercan culure s
durn~ lhs presdency. Snary, archlecls are dscovern~
lhal appyn~ soca a~endas lo des~n n lhe nled Slales
s ary dcul lo acheve. Coud you lak aboul lhe knds o
chaen~es you ace when workn~ wlh pubc nsllulons, lhe
connunly, and bureaucrals? How do you nanlan des~n
nle~rly o such pro|ecls?
MM: lhnk lhal whal you are lakn~ aboul are lhe reales
o very conpex ssues. do beeve lhal one o lhe lhn~s lhal
archleclure possesses s an ably lo be slrale~c aboul
nav~aln~ lhose very conpex sels o ssues and conslluenls.
\J: Woud you say you nedale a wde ran~e o nleresls? so,
how do you brn~ lhese very ra~nenled a~endas lo lhe labe
and resove lhen n a co~enl way?
MM: woudn'l descrbe nyse as a nedalor. Thal slarls
lo sound ke soneone who seeks conpronse belween any
nunber o concerns. don'l lhnk lhal woud olen ead lo
a successu archleclura pro|ecl. l nay be a way lo nove
polca slualons aon~, bul n a sense l reay works a~ansl
whal beeve archleclure needs lo do, whch s lo be expcl
aboul ls anblons and slale lhen very ceary. lhnk lhe
roe lhal archlecls pay n lhese conversalons s lo dene
lhe anblons o a pro|ecl and lo presenl lhen n a conpen~
and hopeuy pro~ressve way.
\J: Tak a lle bl aboul lhe work you are don~ n ew
0reans w
Crescenl.
whar slru
MM: 0ur w
ncudn~
pannn~ p
rverronl
lhe ~oa o
nosl s~n
Fron lher
ar~er na
/en Eske
pro|ecl, C
des~n, ou
lhe pann
workn~ w
rehabla
deslroyed
ronl porc
slruclure
evenls wh
see lhe rv
ne~hborh
and raro
over. n re
brd~e, wh
ne~hborh
The brd~e
and lhres
\J: Whal d
or~anzer
MM: /s a
lean s lh
nporlanl
and pubc
conpex.
parls coa
derenl p
\J: n con
so nany
archleclu
realonsh
MM: lhn
conpeled
lhose hav
lo creale
s a slron~
parls o lh
o voces l
MICHAEL MALTZAN IS PRINCIPAL 0F MICHAEL MALTZAN
ARCHITECTURE AND WAS THE NANCY M. AND EDWARD D.
F0X URBAN DESICN CRITIC THIS SPRINC.
vISITINC ASS0CIATE PR0FESS0R vICT0R J0NES IS A
PRINCIPAL 0F FIEvRE J0NES AND 0N THE FACULTY 0F
THE SCH00L 0F ARCHITECTURE AT TULANE UNIvERSITY.
HE TAUCHT FIFTH-YEAR UNDERCRADUATE DESICN
STUDI0 THIS SPRINC.
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e and
o's
o|ecls,
n lhe
by lhe
ubc as
ys very
nl sel o
because
arl
s' ves
a and
ure s
overn~
Slales
knds o
lons, lhe
des~n
eales
n~s lhal
boul
slluenls.
sls? so,
he labe
larls
een any
ad lo
nove
ks a~ansl
e expcl
nk lhe
dene
onpen~
w
0reans wlh lhe Pverronl pro|ecl, Penvenln~ lhe
Crescenl." l s ny underslandn~ lhal you are workn~ on a
whar slruclure.
MM: 0ur work s parl o a pro|ecl or lhe des~n o a park
ncudn~ a seres o pubc spaces lhal slarled wlh an earer
pannn~ phase o whch we were nol a parl. l ooked al lhe
rverronl n ew 0reans n a very conprehensve way wlh
lhe ~oa o ndn~ ways lo reen~a~e lhe cly wlh one o ls
nosl s~ncanl and conc resources, lhe Msssspp Pver.
Fron lhere, we were nvled lo des~n lhe rsl pece o lhe
ar~er nasler pan. The olher des~n nenbers conssl o
/en Eskew o Eskew+Dunez+Pppe, who s eadn~ lhe
pro|ecl, Ceor~e Har~reaves /ssocales or lhe andscape
des~n, ourseves, Davd /d|aye /rchlecls ron London, and
lhe pannn~ rn Chan re~er o Canbrd~e. Each lean s
workn~ wlh ndvdua peces o lhe puzze. Prnary, we are
rehablaln~ an exsln~ whar slruclure lhal was parlay
deslroyed durn~ lhe slorn. We descrbe our des~n as a
ronl porch or lhe cly. Facn~ lowards lhe rver, lhe whar
slruclure w house a varely o culura and perornance
evenls whe snulaneousy crealn~ a pace ron whch lo
see lhe rver. There s a dcul ssue because belween lhe
ne~hborhoods and lhe rver you have a slreel, a oodwa,
and raroad lracks. Currenly, none o lhese are easy lo cross
over. n response lo lhs dvde, we are proposn~ a pedeslran
brd~e, whch s a on~ snuous ranp |onn~ lhe exsln~
ne~hborhood wlh lhe park and ronl porch o lhe whar shed.
The brd~e and whar slruclure acl respeclvey as condul
and lhreshod wlhn lhe ar~er area o lhe pro|ecl.
\J: Whal do you brn~ lo ew 0reans? 0bvousy lhe pro|ecl
or~anzers socled des~ners oulsde o lhe re~on.
MM: /s an ensenbe, one lhn~ lhal s dslnclve aboul lhe
lean s lhe broad sel o sensbles and capables. Ths s
nporlanl because lhe ssues conronled when nakn~ a park
and pubc space are lechncay, culuray, and socay very
conpex. an very npressed by lhe deplh lo whch a o lhe
parls coaesce. l w produce a nore sn~uar denlly oul o
derenl parls.
\J: n conlrasl lo 0rdos ]00, lhe Mon~oan pro|ecl where
so nany ndvdua sensbles are conlrasled n an
archleclura polpourr wlh each budn~ havn~ lle lo no
realonshp wlh lhe olhers?
MM: lhnk lhal you' be abe lo see when lhe pro|ecl s
conpeled a ran~e o derenl personales. don'l lhnk
lhose have been neulrazed. The overarchn~ ~oas are nol
lo creale a seres o sn~uar and dscrele nonenls. There
s a slron~ sel o nlerconneclons n each o lhe derenl
parls o lhe pro|ecl. /ou w see a broad and vared seres
o voces lhal are workn~ n concerl lo produce al one scae
a sn~uar conc vson o lhe park. There are aso eves o
derenl lexlures or nonenls lhal reecl lhe conpexly o
pubc pro|ecls. l s al lhese nore dscrele eves where lhe
ndvdua personales w read nore ceary. We al MM/
have lred lo caplure a qualy o lhe pace lhal nakes lhe
archleclure reale n nore suble or anbenl ways lhrou~h
~hl and lexlure, or lhe shnnern~ qualy o lhe rver. Whe
lhe orn as a whoe has an conc presence, lhe ensenbe o
lhe shed and lhe brd~e oers alernalve ways o crealn~ a
slron~ realonshp lo lhe pace as opposed lo nnckn~ lhe
speccs o lhe conlexl.
\J: n concuson, woud you lak aboul your npressons o
ew 0reans and Los /n~ees realve lo one anolher? /re
lhere, ron an urban or archleclura slandponl, paraes lo
be drawn belween lhe connunly pro|ecls you are don~ n
lhese lwo cles?
MM: lhnk you can aways nd snarles, because lhe
lhn~s we are workn~ on n bolh cles are conlenporary
chaen~es and conlenporary probens.
\J: For exanpe?
MM: lhnk you have lwo cles where lhere s rea dversly
n lerns o lher connunles. However, each cly has nol
ound a way lo creale slron~er conneclons belween lhose
connunles. They are rch, dverse, and n nany ways very
separale, parlcuary n ew 0reans, ron whal can le.
Secondy, bolh cles are very horzonla and sprawn~.
Movenenl s a na|or conponenl, wlh nraslruclure n bolh
cases denn~ one o lhe nosl s~ncanl chaen~es or lhe
urban deveopnenl o lhe cles. Sone o lhese chaen~es
are nore pra~nalc, lechnca, or orna and sone o lhen
are nore soca. 0n lhe olher hand, lhnk lhe derence
belween lhe lwo cles s lhal lhey are very dslncl culuray.
ew 0reans conlnues lo be one o lhe nosl rare orns o
cles ~obay n how dslncl and deep ls culura hslory
runs. Thal s n sone ways very poweru, very beaulu. Los
/n~ees s, n lhal sense, a culure lhal s very broad and
en~a~n~, hence very derenl ron ew 0reans. lhnk n
bolh cases any dscusson aboul whal you are nakn~ n
elher cly s nol so nuch aboul whal s ~on~ on loday, bul
very nuch aboul lher ulures. lhnk workn~ n any cly
s undanenlay aboul na~nn~ a vson or ls ulure. n
bolh cases lhe cles are al crlca nonenls. Los /n~ees
s lryn~ lo relhnk ls denlly because o lhe exlraordnary
ncrease n densly over pasl ew years. /s or ew 0reans,
bolh ls hslory and lhe slorn have a very deep hod on a
dscussons aboul lhe cly's ulure. Those dscussons reay
need lo conlnued n lhe nosl open way. ew 0reans s on
lhe lhreshod o lhese queslons: Whal w ls ulure be? W
l enbrace l or w l nol?
MM/, |E/ C/|vE| /P/|7|E|7S
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DE/ EWS ~ D/L0CE SPPC ?0
21/ Younger architects have an obligation to
teach older architects about the inevitability of
higher levels of environmental sustainability.
20/ Green building is overrated.
27 things urban planners
are dying to say to architects
Michael Woo
101 things I learned
in architecture school
Matthew Frederick
24/ Jus
better
that ar
planne
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PC: n your eclure al SC you quoled socoo~sl Lesler Frank
Ward's denlon o e|es|s: pro~ress lhal s nle~enly
panned and drecled: lhe allannenl o desred ends by
lhe appcalon o nle~enl hunan eorl lo lhe neans,"
whch loday seens ralher ulopan n lhal l assunes lhe
pereclably o lhe hunan condlon lhrou~h reason; lhal
a lhe payers n any endeavor share lhe sane ~oas and
ob|eclves; and lhal a probens exsl on lhe npul sde o
any equalon, e.~. we coud ony acqure a lhe reevanl
nornalon," we coud pan our cles we.
The dea o ralona order has a on~ nea~e, and s
uncrlcay accepled as a deaul approach lo ~ood" pannn~
and ~overnance. /el l seens nadequale as a node or
cly pannn~ n /nercan denocracy and ls assezare
lendences, and n parlcuar or lhe ra~nenled polca
andscape o Los /n~ees and ls re~on. s l lne lo relhnk
lhs convenlona wsdon? M~hl anolher approach be n
order here beyond lhe queslon o lo zone or nol lo zone"?
MW: rsl heard lhe lern e|es|s ron ny nenlor T.J. enl, Jr.,
who had been one o lhe deaslc youn~ Eay /rea panners,
archlecls, and andscape archlecls who enbraced Ward's
concepls and used l lo nane lher novenenl, a novenenl
lhal aned lo nake undanenla chan~es n lhe ways cles
and re~ons were deveoped. They had a rea npacl on lhe
ulure dreclon o San Francsco and lhe whoe Eay /rea. They
weren'l salsed wlh prvale deveopers or properly owners
who pul lher prvale nleresls above lhe pubc nleresl. They
weren'l salsed wlh nedocre oca ~overnnenl ocas who
acked vson. They weren'l salsed wlh archleclure lhal
aed lo address hunan needs. enl and lhe olher ounders
o lhe Teess novenenl lhou~hl lhal pro~ress nle~enly
panned and drecled" coud nspre a node o urbansn lhal
woud be beller lhan a realy based upon b~ noney, polca
conneclons, and ack o na~nalon. 0 course, lhe deasn
o enl and hs Teess coea~ues evenluay coded wlh
realy.
When rsl becane nleresled n cles, n lhe alernalh
o lhe ]960s urban crss," lhere was anolher verson o
lhe lenson belween urban deveopnenlasusua and
olher alernalves, sone o whch asserled lhal decsons
based on ralona crlera woud produce beller oulcones.
n lhe ]960s and ]9/0s, lhe lenson was enboded by lhe
conlrasl belween Mayor Pchard J. Daey n Chca~o, lhe
nasler o lhe nosl poweru, nosl deepyenlrenched urban
polca nachne n /nerca, and Mayor Lndsay n ew /ork,
who unled nnorles and reorners lo beal lhe polca
nachne, and who lred lo appy Penla~onnspred pro~ran
pannn~ and bud~eln~ syslens" lo lhe day operalon
o lhe cly bureaucracy. Lke nany olher deaslc youn~
decsons
crealed lo
Fron
hard lo ar
derence
pannn~ d
deveopn
~eneraled
Connss
nol have b
secesson
ared, and
have been
syslen ha
l's ha
lhe order
Caorna
Daey's so
F0RMER CITY 0F L0S ANCELES C0UNCILMEMBER AND
PLANNINC C0MMISSI0NER MICHAEL W00 IS N0W DEAN
0F THE C0LLECE 0F ENvIR0NMENTAL DESICN AT CAL
P0LY P0M0NA.
LECTURER RICHARD C0RSINI IS PRINCIPAL 0F C0RSINI
STARK ARCHITECTS. HE INSTRUCTED A FIFTH-YEAR
UNDERCRADUATE DESICN STUDI0 THIS SPRINC.
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E/ MCH/EL W00
peope, preerred lhe Lndsay node bul had a hard lne
reconcn~ nyse lo lhe acl lhal lhe Daey node seened lo
do a beller |ob o n~ polhoes, enplyn~ ~arba~e cans, and
cearn~ lhe snow.
Pro~ressve reorn based n parl upon a alh n ralona
decsonnakn~) cane lo Los /n~ees decades earer lhan
l cane lo ew /ork. / cv servce syslen was crealed lo
provde an ecenl, nerlbased alernalve lo ~overnnenl
|obs based upon parlsanshp and palrona~e. / connsson
syslen was crealed lo dule lhe nuence o eecled ocas
and ~ve prvale clzens a drecl voce n decsonnakn~.
/nd o course Los /n~ees was one o lhe rsl cles n lhe
.S. lo adopl a clywde zonn~ ordnance and eslabsh a cly
pannn~ connsson, exacly ]00 years a~o.
s lhe yearnn~ or ralona order an adequale bass or
cly pannn~ and urban ~overnance n conlenporary L./. and
lhe surroundn~ re~on? woud say no. ol any nore. ol by
lse.
PC: Then whal needs lo happen, parlcuary here n L./.?
The yearnn~ or ralona order lhal produced lhe Pro~ressve
Movenenl ended up dspacn~ nachne polcs wlh a nerl
based lechnocracy, whch lhen evoved nlo a sownovn~
bureaucralc or~ansn lhal npedes lhe deveopnenl o bolh
narkels and connon ~oods. s lhere sonelhn~ lo be sad
or a dose o odashoned aulocracy n lhe Pchard J. Daey
lradlon? M~hl lhere be a new orn o ~overnance lhal can
nurlure a suslanabe eve o soca and spala conpexly?
MW: Ths s one o lhe undanenla dennas lo whch lhere
s no snpe soulon. had lo sunnarze lhe slualon n one
senlence, woud pul l lhs way: L./.'s ]9lhcenlury polca
syslen was corrupl, necenl, and nol up lo lhe chaen~e o
~overnn~ a rapdy~rown~ nelro re~on, so l was repaced
wlh an eary?0lhcenlury node based upon Pro~ressve
reorn deas whch weakened and decenlrazed polca
aulhorly, kepl polca parles oul o oca ~overnnenl,
besl b~c
power lha
n L./. wh
syslen s
syslen.
Eul w
lhrou~h a
lhe orn o
Proposlo
nlalve l
o nany s
nveslnen
s evdenc
lhe cly ~o
and n Eo~
lo encour
lhal deno
derenl,
To ne
nsla ea
capabe o
/n~ees d
coud de
done lo pr
uses o ou
PC: n~h
denocral
consdera
n Curlba
MW: Whe
urban pa
|unped lo
undanen
seclon n
has becon
subslanl
]9/?]98
hs approa
hs approa
akn lo su
Coud
eslabshed cv servce as lhe bass or nosl ~overnnenl
|obs, and crealed a syslen o clzen connssons lo ~ve
lhe pubc nore o a voce n lhe runnn~ o cly ~overnnenl.
The Pro~ressve reorn node dd succeed al nnunzn~
L./. Cly ~overnnenl a~ansl lhe corruplon pervasve n
nany ar~e Easlern and Mdweslern cles, bul l cane al
a prce, producn~ a syslen lhal nsuales lhe bureaucracy
ron exlerna nuence and nakes l dcul lo hod
eecled ocas accounlabe or aclons or naclon) o lhe
bureaucracy.
n response lo lhe nosl recenl syslenc crss, when a
novenenl deveoped n lhe eary years o lhe ?]sl cenlury
lo pronole lhe San Fernando \aey secedn~ ron lhe resl
o lhe Cly o Los /n~ees, a new wave o reorn lnkered
wlh lhe slruclure o lhe oca pannn~ process lo nake l
nore pubcy accessbe. The Cly Pannn~ Connsson was
expanded ron o lo 9 nenbers. / new ayer o /rea Pannn~
Connssons was crealed lo hande lhe nosl oca pannn~
DE/ EWS SPPC ?0]0 o D/L0CE
to
ity of
ity.
25/ It could make a big difference for the city
if the next Mayor of Los Angeles were...
an architect.
24/ Just because architects tend to dress
better than urban planners does not mean
that architects are morally superior to urban
planners.
decsons. /nd a syslen o e~hborhood Councs was
crealed lo nsllulonaze ~rass rools decsonnakn~.
Fron an archleclure or urban pannn~ ponl o vew, l's
hard lo ar~ue lhal any o lhese chan~es have nade any rea
derence n lhe qualy o lhe archleclure or lhe qualy o
pannn~ decsons nade n lhe Cly. Here and lhere, a specc
deveopnenl pro|ecl n~hl have been nproved by connenls
~eneraled by a e~hborhood Counc or an /rea Pannn~
Connsson or by a Cly Pannn~ Connssoner who woud
nol have been hodn~ an oca poslon wlhoul lhe \aey
secessonera reorns. Eul lhe connenls n~hl have been
ared, and lhe subsequenl chan~es n a reae pro|ecl n~hl
have been adopled, even none o lhs lnkern~ wlh lhe
syslen had laken pace.
l's hard lo na~ne nosla~a or slron~ eadershp" on
lhe order o a Pchard J. Daey lakn~ rool n lhe Soulhern
Caorna so. /non~ connosseurs o nayora eadershp,
Daey's son Pchard M. Daey s connony ranked as one o lhe
rd lne
ened lo
ans, and
ralona
er lhan
ed lo
nnenl
nsson
ocas
kn~.
n lhe
sh a cly
ss or
L./. and
. ol by
L./.?
~ressve
a nerl
ovn~
l o bolh
e sad
J. Daey
hal can
pexly?
ch lhere
on n one
polca
aen~e o
epaced
ssve
lca
nl,
besl b~cly nayors n lhe counlry, bul lhe cenlrazalon o
power lhal nakes Daey's eadershp possbe s unlhnkabe
n L./. where lhe nedocrly ener~n~ ron a decenlrazed
syslen s preerred lo lhe polenla sns o a cenlrazed
syslen.
Eul we are sl capabe o lhnkn~ b~. We have ~one
lhrou~h a na|or phase o pubc nraslruclurebudn~ n
lhe orn o lhe L/SD canpus budn~ pro~ran and lhe
Proposlon P ra expanson pro~ran. Whal's nssn~ s an
nlalve lo pronole ar~escae urban chan~es n lhe orn
o nany snaer pro|ecls lhal don'l necessary requre ar~e
nveslnenls o pubc doars. n cles around lhe word, lhere
s evdence o urban chan~e lhal slarled sna. n Curlba
lhe cly ~overnnenl wenl downlown and panled owers,
and n Eo~ola na|or slreels are cosed one day per week
lo encoura~e bcyce and ool lrac. We need expernenls
lhal denonslrale how lhe physca orn o our cly coud be
derenl, and beller.
To ne, lhe key queslons are: ]) Whal woud l lake lo
nsla eaders n Los /n~ees who are elher vsonary or are
capabe o seecln~ vsonary advsers? ?) How coud Los
/n~ees deveop a conslluency or vsonary eadershp who
coud dever lan~be pubc benels? /nd 3) Whal can be
done lo pronole pol pro|ecls lo denonslrale alernalve
uses o our bul envronenl?
PC: n~hl yearn or lhe kes o Jane Lerner, who conbned a
denocralc elhos, a cear soca and envronnenla vson, and
consderabe polca sks lo lurn ncrenenla nlervenlons
n Curlba nlo a vbranl, suslanabe cly.
MW: When lau~hl SC's under~raduale nlroduclon lo
urban pannn~ and deveopnenl, sone o ny sludenls
|unped lo lhe concuson lhal nany o lhe ne~acles were
undanenlay hopeess. /s an anldole, woud ncude a
seclon n lhe course on Curlba, Eraz. l's a b~ cly lhal
has becone anous by lakn~ sna sleps lhal add up lo
subslanlve chan~e. Jane Lerner, lhe nayor o Curlba ron
]9/?]98~, used lhe phrase urban acupunclure" lo descrbe
hs approach lo urban chan~e. l s a nelaphor lo derenlale
hs approach lo eadershp ron nore nvasve lechnques,
akn lo sur~ery.
Coud a eader ke Jane Lerner be eecled as lhe nayor
o Los /n~ees or anolher /nercan cly? l's hard lo say. When
Lerner rsl becane Curlba's nayor n lhe eary ]9/0s, he
wasn'l eecled, bul apponled by lhe nlary dclalorshp.
/ler he assuned power, l becane cear lhal he was nol
~on~ lo be a loo o lhe dclalorshp, bul woud use hs power
lo npenenl en~hlened chan~e. The denocralc process
here n lhe .S. nakes l dcul or a vsonary eader such
as Jane Lerner lo ener~e on lop. l's nol npossbe, bul lhe
syslen lends lo render vsonares as eccenlrcs.
0n lhe olher hand, ar~e syslens lend lo have cracks n
lhen. Soneone ke Mchae Eoonber~ who can be eecled
Mayor o ew /ork Cly n~hl nol have a lrack record o
nsl~aln~ or supporln~ na~nalve chan~es n lhe bul
envronnenl. Eul as a eader he n~hl be slron~ enou~h,
opennnded enou~h, or accessbe enou~h lo en~hlened
des~ners lhal he coud apponl soneone ke Janelle Sadk
han lo shake up lhe cly's Deparlnenl o Transporlalon
and npenenl dranalc expanson o pedeslran and bcyce
r~hlsoway on cly slreels.
PC: 'd ke lo lurn lo your roe now as Dean al Ca Poy Ponona
CPP). Ca Poy's Coe~e o Envronnenla Des~n s unque, as
archleclure, andscape archleclure, and urban pannn~ are
housed under one acadenc roo. Cross and nlerdscpnary
research s a~an lhe nanlra loday where we see advanced
research and new knowed~e ben~ crealed by coaboraln~
dscpnes. /el n lhe realed" des~n dscpnes lhere has
been an enornous ~u. Pecenly a connon an~ua~e has
ener~ed belween archleclure and andscape archleclure.
Such connon ~round, however, does nol seen lo exsl
loday belween archleclure and urban pannn~. /dvances n
paranelrc noden~ lechnques nay have polenla lo breach
lhs ~u and Landscape rbansn n~hl oer a oolhod here.
How are you addressn~ lhese ssues?
MW: /l CPP lhere s ess nlerdscpnary work lhan woud
ke lo see. /nd lo sone exlenl, lhnk lhal lhe conlnun~
separalon o lhe envronnenla des~n dscpnes s based
upon lhe r~orous acadenc sos upon whch accredlalon,
aculy lenure, and pronolon decsons are based.
When archleclure and pannn~ sludenls and aculy
are soaled n lher separale schoos, lhe separale parls
add up lo ess lhan a hoslc approach lo clybudn~,
whch s al easl a possbly n a coe~e o envronnenla
des~n. So we need lo denonslrale lhe ully o coaboralon
belween archlecls and panners. / ~raduale pro~ran n
urban des~n n~hl be lhe way lo ~o. Eul new nlalves
aso need lo accounl or sca reales. The rban Des~n
Sludo lhal was one o lhe hanarks o Cly o L./. pannn~
dreclor Ca Codber~'s eadershp has been reduced ron lwo
urban des~ners lo one. wanl lo slarl a new urban des~n
pro~ran al Ca Poy Ponona, have lo ace up lo lhe realy
o exsln~ aculy workoads aready ben~ slrelched lo lhe
nl. Wlh a ?0 cul n slale undn~ lo lhe CS syslen lhs
year, and key deeper culs conn~, we are wlnessn~ lhe
lra~c dsnanln~ o lhe pubc seclor n Caorna h~her
educalon, al precsey a lne when lhe preparalon o nore
weeducaled workers w be essenla or Caorna's ulure.
/s Chares Moore once sad, you have lo pay or lhe pubc
e. /nd woud add: Caorna sn'l wn~ lo pay or lhe
pubc e, lhe qualy o lhal pubc e s nevlaby ~on~ lo
be dnnshed.
nenl
~ve
nnenl.
zn~
e n
ne al
ucracy
o lhe
hen a
nlury
e resl
red
ake l
on was
annn~
annn~
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L: How dd you becone nvoved n conpulalona des~n?
PS: was or~nay nlroduced lo conpulalona and
~eneralve des~n lhrou~h lhe Morph9/ conerence n
/uslraa lhal brou~hl lo~elher a lhen ener~n~ ~roup
o archlecls ncudn~ Cre~ Lynn, Een van Eerke, as
0oslerhus and Lars Spuybroek. However, l was nol unl
slarled sludyn~ al PMT lhal deveoped an nleresl
n Deeuze and olher neoreasl phosophers such as
Manue DeLanda and Eran Massun, whch ed lo ny
ocus on ~eneralve des~n. Ths was a very ornalve lne
n whch sluded under and worked or an expernenla
and provocalve ~roup o archlecls ncudn~ Pau Mne,
Pa EdneErown, Ton ovac, and Mark Eurry. Durn~
lhs perod Mark was n lhe process o deveopn~ S/L
Spala nornalon /rchleclure Lab), whch has becone
nlernalonay accaned or ls crossdscpnary
conpulalona research and an nporlanl eenenl o
Mebourne's expernenla des~n scene. l was wlhn lhs
neu lhal slarled deveopn~ research nlo nula~enl
des~n nelhodoo~es and lher ener~enl consequences.
L: /ou lhen cane lo lhe Slales lo sludy al Counba. How
was your work receved lhere? Whal new avenues dd sludyn~
al Counba open up or you?
PS: There was an enlhusasn al Counba or lhe work
was exporn~ bul l was aso exposed lo, and lesled, wlhn
a broader crlca envronnenl. Perhaps lhe lwo ~realesl
nuences on lhe deveopnenl o ny work al Counba
were Ed eer's en~a~enenl wlh ~eopolcs and ar
Chu's concern or ~enelcs. Ed has been nslrunenla n
deveopn~ a crlca realonshp belween a~enlbased
des~n nelhodoo~es and dslrbuled ~eopolca concerns
such as e~r and Hardl's conceplon o lhe nullude. ar
was cruca lo lhe ornalon o ny slance on lhe nporlance
o norpho~enelc processes and lher ably lo ~enerale
ener~enl phenonena a ponl whch s ncreasn~y crlca
al a lne when norphodynanc near paranelrc processes
are ~ann~, olen uncrlca, pronnence. /l Counba /sa
/ndrasek was and conlnues lo be an nporlanl ay n lhe
deveopnenl o a~orlhnc des~n. was a leachn~ assslanl
lo /sa al Counba aler whch we lau~hl a sludo lo~elher
al Prall.
L: How has educalon especay n lerns o d~la des~n
chan~ed snce lhen?
PS: 0ver lhe asl o years or so lhere has been an exponenla
ncrease n conpulalona des~n wlhn archleclure schoos.
/necdolay can say lhal whe was sludyn~ al Counba
lhere were ony a handu o peope who were en~a~n~
a~orlhnc nelhodoo~es and scrpln~, whe a sennar
lau~hl lhere asl Fa on Swarn nle~ence had ~o sludenls
enroed.
The proeralon o opensource resources or scrpln~
and a~orlhnc des~n has caused a rapd dssennalon
o lhese ener~n~ loos. Ths has enabed expernenla
a~orlhnc des~n lo operale nlernalonay n a dslrbuled
nanner as opposed lo lhe slualon where l once was
predonnaley lakn~ pace n soalon al schoos ke PMT,
Counba, MT, or lhe //.
The ne~alve npacl o lhs proeralon o des~n loos
s lhal l creales an alnosphere where lhe lechnques
are consdered a producl lhal can be acqured and an end
n lhenseves. Ths alllude undernnes lhe crlcaly,
expernenlalon, and rsklakn~ whch s essenla lo lhe
~eneralon o new work.

L: /ou are a parlner n a realvey unusua archleclure
praclce lhal has operaled as a coeclve across 3 conlnenls.
Has lhs proved an eeclveproduclve way o operaln~?
PS: okku~a was never nlended lo be a nelworked praclce
and n acl we are realvey skeplca o lhe euphora
surroundn~ lhe concepl over lhe asl decade. When we
ornazed our coaboralon we were adananl lhal l woud
nol acl as a reslrclve ranework and consequenly we
have deveoped ways o workn~ lo acconnodale ny shl
lo Counba and Pob's nove lo lhe //. 0peraln~ renoley
woud nol have been possbe wlhoul lhe currenl speed and
snpcly o onne e syncn~, screen sharn~, and vdeo
chal. There are nany aspecls o our coaboralon lhal aren'l
aecled s~ncanly by ~eo~raphca dslance; n acl lhe
derenl lne zones can be evera~ed lo our advanla~e n
cerlan crcunslances. There are aso consderabe cosl
npcalons o nanlann~ nulpe oces, as lhere s
nevlabe dupcalon o sone resources. Perhaps nosl
s~ncanly s lhe nalure o des~n coaboralon lhal
operales wlh an nprecse and conpex dynanc lhal
nevlaby ~ans nlensly when underlaken n lhe sane roon.
L: /our work wlh okku~a has been cenlered prnary on
d~la lechnques and ~eneralve nelhodoo~es, and so ar
realvey lle has been bul. Do you have aspralons lo bud
anylhn~?
PS: okku~a was conceved o as an expernenla research
praclce, ocused on ~eneralve nelhodoo~es. However, n
lhe asl coupe o years we have becone nore concerned wlh
evera~n~ lhs research lo bud. We now consder okku~a's
a~enda lo
nelhodo
praclce o
see as a v
0ur nelho
lnaley
on lher n
n lhe ace
L: /~or
~eneralo
su~~esl a
PS: We un
adaplve a
desres. /
o undern
and ornan
orn, whc
dslraclo
ornalon
socapo
slrale~es
concerns.
L: How
becone a
PS: The lo
ncreasn~
lhe des~n
expernen
R0LAND SN00KS IS A PRINCIPAL 0F K0KKUCIA AND THE
2010 CE0RCE ISAACS DISTINCUISHED FELL0W IN DICITAL
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DESICN STUDI0 AND THE0RY SEMINAR THIS SPRINC.
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crpln~
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lrbuled
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e PMT,
n loos
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praclce

we
l woud
we
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vdeo
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~e n
osl
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osl
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s lo bud
esearch
ever, n
rned wlh
okku~a's
a~enda lo be spl belween an nleresl n expernenla des~n
nelhodoo~es and deveopn~ bul work. 0ne acel o our
praclce operales as a conpulalona consulancy, whch we
see as a vauabe way o coaboraln~ on ar~e bul pro|ecls.
0ur nelhodoo~ca research s |usl a neans lo an end.
lnaley we beeve lhal pro|ecls don'l acqure vaue based
on lher nelhodoo~y, bul nslead nusl sland or lhenseves
n lhe ace o lhe u speclrun o archleclura crlque.
L: /~orlhnc des~n s lypcay underslood lo be a orn
~eneralon loo. Does lhe proeralon o lhese nelhodoo~es
su~~esl a narrown~ o archleclure?
PS: We undersland a~orlhnc processes lo be nherenly
adaplve and capabe o ne~olaln~ belween concln~
desres. /~orlhnc des~n nelhodoo~es are lhus capabe
o undernnn~ lhe herarchca realonshp o slruclure
and ornanenl or lhe popuar dcholones o pro~ran and
orn, whch we consder lo be sonewhal o an rreevanl
dslraclon. /lhou~h heavy nvesled n nelhodoo~es o
ornalon, we are nlenly nleresled n pro~rannalc and
socapolca nperalves and consder lhe a~orlhnc
slrale~es we deveop lo be equay adepl al ne~olaln~ lhose
concerns.
L: How nporlanl do you lhnk l s or a sludenl loday lo
becone anarzed wlh a~orlhnc and paranelrc des~n?
PS: The loos o a~orlhnc and paranelrc des~n w
ncreasn~y becone ubqulous and an essenla parl o
lhe des~n process n praclces wlh a~endas ran~n~ ron
expernenla lo connerca. Consequenly woud consder
lhese sks crlca or sludenls lo earn, n lhe sane way
lhal a decade a~o 3d noden~ ener~ed as a crlca sk.
However, l s nporlanl lo derenlale belween nelhodoo~y
and lechnque. Scrpln~, whch orns lhe lechnca bass or
a~orlhnc des~n, s snpy a loo o aulonalon lhal can
operale n a near paranelrc) or nonnear seor~anzn~)
nanner. lhnk lhe nore crlca derence s whelher lhe
des~n nelhodoo~y s nonnear and hence capabe o
~eneraln~ ener~enl oulcones, or operales wlhn lhe
delernnslc connes o assocalve noden~.
L: Whal polenla do you see or SC n lerns o d~la
des~n over lhe nexl ew years?
PS: /l a lne when d~la des~n nlernalonay s beconn~
ncreasn~y coded and nornalve, SC has nade sone
key recenl apponlnenls lhal w provoke an expernenla
and specualve envronnenl o des~n research. Crlca lo
lhs s lhe apponlnenl o Manue DeLanda who has been
cruca n rann~ lhe lheorelca dscourse wlhn whch
a~orlhnc des~n s ener~n~. Francos Poche's provocalve
roe s parlcuary nporlanl lhrou~h hs cear ore~roundn~
o specualve lhnkn~ lhal operales lhrou~h ~eneralve
loos ralher lhan lhe ncreasn~y lypca approach lhal
prve~es lechnque. The conbnalon o lhese wlh lhe recenl
apponlnenls o Cre~ 0llo, Marc Fornes, choas Psca and
Davd Cerber w provde erle ~round or deveopn~ a slron~
d~la des~n a~enda. Ths s an nporlanl ranework or lhe
schoo lo expore lhe polenla o d~la lechnques, nol as an
end n lhenseves, bul as loos or pushn~ al lhe boundares
o archleclure and crealn~ an expernenla research
palorn.
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/P: Whal s PST/TE: and whal s ls realonshp lo lhe
clyre~on? l seens lo be nany lhn~s, ncudn~ a des~n
research nsllulon, a praclce, and a oca des~n advocacy
~roup.
JC: /ou are r~hl. PST/TE: s a o lhese lhn~s. l was
ounded n ?00~ by Dean Mark Pobbns al lhe Syracuse
nversly Schoo o /rchleclure. l nlales, aclales, and
showcases pro|ecls lhal appy nnovalve des~n research lo
chaen~es econonc, envronnenla, polca, and soca
aced by dsadvanla~ed connunles. 0ur roe as whal
you reer lo as an advocacy ~roup" ne~olales lhe whal"
o nnovalve des~n and lhe how" o ~elln~ lhn~s done by
seekn~ coaboralors n lhe nonprol, prvale, and pubc
seclors. 0ur prnary research a~enda concerns slrale~es
or revlazn~ shrnkn~ cles n lhe /nercan Pusl Eel.
n a cases, PST/TE: slrves lo denonslrale lhe vaue o
des~n nnovalon and expernenlalon as h~hy evera~ed
nslrunenls or poslve chan~e. Pro|ecls are slruclured
lo en~a~e wlh lhe acadenc e o lhe nversly, so nany
pro|ecls are drecly nle~raled nlo lhe currcuun.
/P: Wlh PST/TE: your work has becone nore ocused on
en~a~n~ connunly. Whal have you earned ron lhs?
JC: 've earned lhal en~a~enenl work s very rewardn~, ls
conlexlua condlons unexpecled, and lhal l ~ves back n
unoreseen ways. For nslance, eary on we slarled hodn~
whal we reer lo as workn~ ~roups." These ~roups brn~
lo~elher peope ron ~overnnenl, oca polcs, nolor
prols elc. So as an exanpe, one lne we ~alhered peope
workn~ n Manlenance and 0peralons ron lhe cly, counly
and unversly. never ~ol so nuch work done over |ey donuls
beore /nolher sde eecl s lhal whal can be lhou~hl o as
slrale~es born o oca concerns are acluay ones repele
wlh polenla or olher pro|ecls and ocalons. So ny olher
work s enrched.
/P: Whal s PST/TE: workn~ on now?
JC: We are aways nvoved n research, pro~rannn~,
leachn~, and des~n work snulaneousy. 0ur research
conlnues on lhe shrnkn~ cly. have been docunenln~ new
des~n and pannn~ work n a hosl o ruslbel cles ncudn~
Delrol and Fnl, Ceveand and /oun~slown, Euao and
Scranlon. Cles pannn~ or lher own obsoescence, such
as Delrol and /oun~slown, are parlcuary ascnaln~, as
lhey chaen~e whal nany peope lake or ~ranled lhal
ornalon o cles shoud chan~e by ~rowlh, nol lhe olher way
around. We are eadn~ lhe Sv|oc:se J|oon /no|vs|s P|cec,
a conprehensve nappn~ o lhe cly as a d~la calao~ue,
whch w evenluay le nlo an onne archve o snar cles.
We are aso n lhe ndsl o pannn~ an nlernalona
conerence lhs conn~ a caed |c|me||v J|oon. P|cec|n
|:s 5e| |::|es. We are ~alhern~ lo~elher experls n
lhe eds o urbansn, pannn~ and pocy, nance and
lhe des~n arls archleclure, andscape archleclure, and
urban des~n) or lwo days lo share slrale~es or brn~n~
lhe benels o urbanly lo weak narkel cles whose
urban characler has devoved radcay due lo econonc,
deno~raphc, and physca chan~e cles whch coud now
be consdered ornery urban."
/ddlonay, we are nnersed n lhe schenalc des~n or
lhe ear Weslsde o Syracuse, a cassc exanpe o a nxed
use urban ne~hborhood lhal has experenced s~ncanl
dsnveslnenl or nore lhan o0 years, eavn~ l unabe lo
bud on lhe assels o ls hslory, lhe laenls o ls resdenls,
and ls proxnly lo a vbranl, revlazed area o downlown.
ls connunly o 8,~00 resdenls s one o lhe nosl dverse
and chaen~ed o any n lhe counlry, wlh nedan househod
ncones avera~n~ $8,600. /lhou~h our pro|ecl ocuses
on lhe physca envronnenl proposn~ slrale~es or
anduse and rezonn~, ~reen nraslruclure, ~hln~, and
new crcualon pro~ress n lhe connunly s nade n
con|unclon wlh workorce deveopnenl, schoo reorn,
and soca |uslce nlalves. Ths buds on work aready
supporled by Syracuse nversly and lhe Cly o Syracuse.
/P: How was lhe Sv|oc:se Ccnnec|ve Cc|||cc| conceved, and
whal was lhe approach o your wnnn~ proposa?
JC: The dea or lhe lransporlalon and andscape nelwork
dales lo lhe a o ?00~, lo a breakasl neeln~ belween
Syracuse nversly's Presdenl and Chanceor ancy
Canlor, and lhe \ce Presdenl or Econonc Deveopnenl
o alona Crd, a nulnalona ulles conpany. The
ulles execulve was len~ Canlor lhen newy apponled
and passonaley nleresled n connecln~ acadena wlh
lhe connunly aboul lhe cly's nany arls and culure
nsllulons. Woudn'l lhese nsllulons be slron~er, lhe
lwo lhou~hl, sonehow lhey were a connecled? /s oca
hslory has l, lhe lwo eaders lhen skelched oul, on a paper
napkn, lhe ranework or an arlsandculure nelwork. Two
years aler lhe unversly and lhe cly hosled a conpellon,
adnnslered lhrou~h an PF0 process, lo des~n a conneclve
corrdor" or Syracuse. /l lhe core o lhe conpellon was lhe
~oa o nkn~ lhe cly and lhe unversly or, pul n physca
lerns, o connecln~ lhe cly's urban cenler and nany o ls
culura assels and ls downlown, wlh ls na|or educalona
and nedca nsllulons, whch are ocaled on one o lhe
cly's hs, or as ocas say, up on lhe H." The connlnenl
o key cvc payers was cerlany a resul o lhe dverse
possbles oulned n lhe conpellon bre, whch caed
or a conprehensve andscape archleclura slrale~y lhal
woud bend nulnoda lransl, urban andscape, pubc arl,
slreel urnlure, ~hln~, and lechnoo~ca hubs wlh wreess
access and s~na~e.
n Fa ?006, Fed 0peralons n parlnershp wlh lhe
nlerdscpnary des~n coaboralve CLE/P where an a
prncpa), were seecled as wnners o lhe conpellon. 0ur
pro|ecl, Sv|oc:se |, was ~rounded n lhe prncpe o don~
nore wlh ess: ess area, ess resources, ess conlro. 0ur
approach lo lhe cly's oss o densly ls decnn~ popualon
and vacanl ands s reaslc: Palher lhan predcln~ any
wdespread redeveopnenl, lhe Sv|oc:se | ocuses on lhe
slrale~c nlenscalon o a sna area o lhe cly lhal woud
be bounde
use ncen
cly's scal
calayze d
Four year
schene. W
/P: /s a
are lesln
way lo be
expan n
lhe corrd
overad o
JC: Three
lo lhe dev
ncrenenl
lhe conce
o pavn~,
consslen
choces o
respond l
naleras
nelhacry
~hls and
narkn~s
The se
acconno
whch lhe
enply par
lhe roule.
appcalo
ranewor
paza al H
hole bul
The
ecence
syslens w
or bke an
assels b
Ther unb
ane runs
ndepend
nolon o
or ece
and eecl
/P: Whal
andscape
JC: Tney
Ph.D. pub
expores h
lo a ar~e
lne whe
o lhe Sv|
seres o p
npul, and
nakn~ a
JULIA CZERNIAK IS AN ASS0CIATE PR0FESS0R 0F
ARCHITECTURE AT SYRACUSE UNIvERSITY AND DIRECT0R
0F ITS CENTER F0R DESICN, RESEARCH, AND REAL ESTATE,
UPSTATE:. SHE IS ALS0 F0UNDINC PARTNER 0F CLEAR,
A LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DESICN
PRACTICE.
LECTURER ALEXANDER R0BINS0N TAUCHT A CRADUATE
LANDSCAPE C0URSE IN THE SPRINC.
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DE/ EWS SPPC ?0]0 9 D/L0CE
PST/TE:, S)|P|J|) P|/CE. S)|/CJSE CJ||EC7|vE CJ|||DJ|
, such
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lhal
olher way
P|cec,
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ar cles.
ona
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n
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ud now
des~n or
a nxed
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nlown.
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acuse.
ved, and
lwork
ween
cy
nenl
he
ponled
wlh
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a paper
ork. Two
ellon,
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was lhe
physca
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calona
lhe
nlnenl
se
caed
y lhal
ubc arl,
h wreess
lhe
an a
on. 0ur
don~
. 0ur
opualon
~ any
on lhe
al woud
be bounded by new lransl nes. The | deneales a nxed
use ncenlve zone lhal woud nol ony sllch lo~elher lhe
cly's scallered nsllulona and connerca abrc bul aso
calayze deveopnenl o ls vacanl ols and enply budn~s.
Four years aler we have, wlh anolher lean, deveoped lhe
schene. We w bud Phase ] n Sprn~ ?0]].
/P: /s a rsl slep or lhe Sv|oc:se Ccnnec|ve Cc|||cc| you
are lesln~ oul a new resn nalera, nelhacryale, as a
way lo be~n lo nark lhe new conneclve lssue. Can you
expan nore lhe ncrenenla sleps you are lakn~ lo bud
lhe corrdor and lhe process by whch lhs corrdor s ben~
overad onlo an exsln~ urban abrc?
JC: Three realed raneworks have oered robusl ~udance
lo lhe deveopnenl o a des~n lhal w appear, as you say,
ncrenenlay: a slreelscape nalrx, a coor speclrun, and
lhe concepl o bundn~. The rsl s a slreelscape nalrx
o pavn~, urnshn~, ~hln~, and ve~elalon lhal ensures
consslency aon~ lhe lwoneon~ nelwork bul aso oers
choces or varous des~ners and slakehoders who wsh lo
respond lo dverse cly conlexls aon~ lhe way. nexpensve
naleras such as lhernopaslc panl, new ones ke lhe
nelhacryale you spoke o, enbedded anenles such as
~hls and evenl ledowns |on noveabe urnshn~s, LED
narkn~s, and unnous panl lo aclvale lhe roule.
The second ranework, a coor speclrun, urlher
acconnodales coor use wlhn lhe varyn~ conlexls lhrou~h
whch lhe corrdor passes. n cerlan paces, such as lracls o
enply parkn~ ols, lhe bodness o prnary red announces
lhe roule. n olhers, such as hslorc ne~hborhoods, a coor
appcalon o brck red conorls preservalonsls. Eolh
raneworks are ben~ lesled n lhe des~n o a sna urban
paza al Hole Syracuse, a hslorcay re~slered bul vacanl
hole bul n lhe ]9?0s.
The na ranework, bundn~, nlends lo bud
ecences nlo lhe way lransl nes aon~ slreelscape
syslens work. When varous lransl nes such as sdewaks,
or bke and bus anes) run n parae, lher slreelscape
assels benches, racks, and shelers coeclvey appear.
Ther unbundn~ or separale uses, or exanpe when a bke
ane runs aon~ a derenl slreel lhan a bus, enabes an
ndependenl denlly or lhe pace. / perhaps ess conceplua
nolon o bundn~ s lo cosey ~roup slreelscape eenenls
or ecency conslruclon ease), econony cosl o lrenchn~),
and eecl nore or your noney).
/P: Whal has been your experence usn~ coor lo nanesl a
andscape syslen?
JC: Tney queslon. |usl nshed an essay or lhe Harvard
Ph.D. pubcalon |e. 0ec|oo||es lhal advances and
expores how cunualed coor can end denlly and coherence
lo a ar~e urban andscape, enabn~ pro|ecls lo accrue over
lne whe renann~ e~be. Thal lhe denlyn~ coor red
o lhe Sv|oc:se Ccnnec|ve Cc|||ccr has persevered lhrou~h a
seres o pro|ecl leralons, shln~ des~n leans, slakehoder
npul, and revew a~ences s a leslanenl lo ls pronse al
nakn~ a vsbe slreelscape wlhn a cly o olherwse nuled
coors. However, or a pro|ecl lhal w lake years lo evove,
vsbly s nol enou~h. To perorn n lhs way lhe corrdor
nusl be e~be, underslood as an ener~n~ urban des~n
pro|ecl repele wlh eenenls and syslens a condlon here
nked lo lhe way l appears.
/P: /s an edlor and wrler you have olen ocused on ar~e
pubc parks. Cven lhal lhe oose lhene o lhs ssue o
|D|/S s CTES, how do you currenly see lhe roe o ar~e
parks wlhn our currenl and specualve urban abrc? Does
l seen lo you lhal lhal lhe senna park conpellons o lhe
asl decades) have ed us lo a derenl parad~n or epoch o
parknakn~?
JC: Ceor~e Har~reaves and recenly pul lo~elher a book on
lhs. /s you say, des~nn~ a park or lhe lwenlyrsl cenlury"
had be~un al easl by ]983 wlh lhe conpellon or |o v|||ee
n Pars. /nosl lwenlyve years aler, lhs preoccupalon
has conlnued n orlh /nerca lhrou~h such venues as
Dc.nsv|e. Po|k n Toronlo ]999), ||es| ||||s |onc|||| n
Slalen sand, ew /ork ?00]), |c|| ||ncc|n Po|k n Chca~o
?003), and nosl recenly, J|one Cc:nv 0|eo Po|k n lhe
Los /n~ees nelropolan area ?006). Each o lhese pro|ecls
asked or orwardookn~ lhou~hl, pronpln~ specualon
on lhe roes or conlenporary parks and, nevlaby, lher
appearance. 0 course, ew o lhese are bul so lher essons
renan unlesled.
However, lhrou~h lhe research or lhs book, lhe
conerence al lhe CSD lhal preceded l, and nany dscussons
wlh lhe ~real aulhors who conlrbuled lo lhe pro|ecl,
absouley beeve lhal ar~e parks can pay vla roes n lhe
cly. "T)hey are nol obsoele," as /draan Ceuze kes lo say.
Frsl, parks can acl as soca calaysls, pronsn~
conlacl and exchan~e or peope n olherwse ds|onled
urban envronnenls lhrou~h an array o spaces, aclvles,
and crcualon syslens. n lhe sls o nvaraby concln~
pro~rans lhal occupy nany conlenporary parks, one can
nd anenles lhal enar~e lhe ran~e o soca unclons
perorned by parks. The processes by whch lhese parks
ener~e aso npes a soca dnenson, where lhe pubc
~rows and earns lhrou~h lhe des~n process. Envronnenla
nleresls say, lhe presence o wde corrdors) have lo be
baanced wlh olen concln~ culura desres such as
or aclvly spaces). The nleraclve process o exchan~e,
eedback, and ~rowlh belween nvesled conslluences as
we as a des~n's ably lo acconnodale lhese concln~
wshes s a neasure o ls e~bly and resence.
Second, as ecoo~ca a~enls, lhese parks pronse,
n dverse ways, lo acl nore ke hearls" lhan as un~s,"
enabn~ e lhrou~h ecoo~ca nveslnenl ocay and
across lhe ar~er horzonla urban ed. Ey lher sze
and con~uralons, nany conlenporary parks aclale
nlerconneclvly across a ra~nenled andscape,
respondn~ lo lhe obvous lhreal lhal urban expanson
poses lo andscape vlaly and bodversly. These parks
are paces where des~ners can deveop conslluences lhal
w undersland, nurlure, and nanlan lhen a poslve
coeclve acl because lhe aspralons o lher ar~e park n
lher conlenporary cly are e~be lo lhen.
Lasl, parks conlnue lo be na~nalve enlerprses. /ulhor
and archlecl Caen Cranz su~~esls lhal parks keep on
hod" vaues lhrealened by lhe acls o cly e unl culure
can rencorporale lhen, by shown~ lhe derence belween
lhenseves lhe parks) and ordnary realy lhe word). Parks
can be paces or na~nalon lo exlend new realonshps
and sels o possbly."

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: USC 1004091 1
Green
K 175 L/S K-45/Gray-45/Green-45
Gray
DE/ EWS ]0 D/L0CE SPPC ?0
P0WH0SES, M/// DSTPCT 0F PHL/DELPH/, ]9/9
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E: Pau, ~ven your nany years o workn~ on lhe lopc o
c:|:|o| |oncscooes and leachn~ n lhe oolsleps o J. E.
Jackson al Eerkeey, coud you dene whal you nean by lhe
lern? n whal ways do you lhnk your denlon o a c:|:|o|
|oncscooe nay have evoved over lhs perod o lne?

PC: Eolh culure" and andscape" are sppery lerns
lhal acadencs have been ~hln~ over and redenn~ or
a hundred years. Pulln~ lhe lerns lo~elher as culura
andscape" s even nore dan~erous. Eul, expcly copyn~
J. E. Jackson, back n lhe ]9/0s be~an ny usua cassroon
denlons wlh lhe nolon lhal lhe lern culura andscape"
npes lhe nlerweavn~ o a soca ~roup and lher space
lhe realons belween a ~roup o peope's ves and lhe
selln~s lhal surround lhose ves, especay lhose selln~s
lhal enphasze soca denlly, connunly, and nenbershp.
/ culura andscape s lhus nherenly a hunanshaped,
hunanraned parl o lhe earlh's surace. l n~hl be a
arn ed, a dwen~, a nounlan vew, a budn~ nleror,
or a dslrcl o a cly. l n~hl be lhe resul o h~hslye
des~n or vernacuar decsons. Eul whelher lhe porlon o
lhe earlh's surace under sludy s h~hslye or vernacuar,
a culura andscape approach ooks al how peope use lhal
selln~, lhnk aboul l, and experence l n ordnary, everyday
ways. The queslons are, essenlay, how peope's everyday
aclvles, soca denlles, culura deas, and power
realons are sednenled ad down) n bul envronnenls
over lne, and lhen how lhose sednenled envronnenls
becone a orce n ulure hunan aclvles, neann~s, and
power realons.
Snce lhe ]9/0s, ny denlon has renaned nuch lhe
sane. ceary have added lhe queslon o power realons
and use lhal phrase nuch nore now lhan lhrly years a~o.
have aso earned lo lhnk o andscapes nol as slalc lhn~s
culure s never slalc bul as selln~s lhal are conslanly
beconn~, conslanly ben~ chan~ed and renlerpreled
by soca experence. 'n a b~ an o Perre Eourdeu and
varous praclce lheorsls, and lhey have heped ne see how
andscape s one o lhe key reans n whch we pay oul lhe
daeclc belween, on lhe one hand, ndvdua experence,
na~nalon, and a~ency and, on lhe olher hand, soca
denlly, culura neann~, and varous soca slruclures lhal
shape our ves.
Ths s a prelly abslracl, bul back n lhe ]9/0s was an
archleclure sludenl choosn~ a culura andscape approach
n order lo be a beller des~ner. /nd lhal s sl ny search.
The overarchn~ chaen~e or des~ners usn~ a culura
andscape approach s lo be as wderan~n~ n lher ed
o vew as possbe, lo ook al everylhn~ we hunans pul on
lhe ~round as polenla evdence o who we are, who we have
been, and who we are beconn~ and lo nd ways or lhal
nornalon lo norn our des~n decsons.
E: /s you know, drecl lhe Craduale Pro~ran n Hslorc
Preservalon here al SC. Cven your bee whch a~ree
wlh) lhal andscapes are selln~s lhal are conslanly
beconn~, conslanly ben~ chan~ed and renlerpreled
by soca experence," coud you con|eclure a roe or
preservalon lhal woud honor lhs slale o ux? n olher
words, how n~hl we nanlan lhe hslorc characler o a
s~ncanl culura andscape wlhoul reezn~ l n lne and
lhus deslroyn~ ls vlaly and neann~? 0r s lhs |usl nol
possbe?
PC: For beller answers lo lhs, woud deer lo you or lo
Pchard Lon~slrelh al Ceor~e Washn~lon nversly. Eolh
o you know nuch nore lhan do. For ne, lhe b~~esl dan~er
o culura andscape preservalon s lhe habl o reslorn~ a
pace lo a sn~e year or decade. Freezn~ lhe nan house and
lhe surroundn~s o lhe ~ardens, eds, and oulbudn~s o an
nporlanl nonunenl such as Mounl \ernon al ]/99, lhe year
o Ceor~e Washn~lon's dealh, nakes perecl sense. Eul nosl
culura andscape sles olen have severa s~ncanl perods
o addlon and new uses; hence, lhe preservalonsl's roe s
preservn~ and nlerpreln~ chan~e. /own~ conlnun~ use
and nana~ed ulure chan~e o preserved culura andscapes
nay olen nake sense as we.
Too nany hslorc sle nana~ers ee lhal vslors w be
conused lhey are presenled wlh conpex, nulperod
nlerprelalons. However, chan~e over lne s expaned we
n ~raphcs, lexl, and bul spaces, nosl vslors are perecly
wn~ and abe lo undersland sle evoulon and ls vared
neann~s.
Two ~ood exanpes cone lo nnd. For lhe Ecenlenna
n ]9/6, lhe alona Park Servce deveoped Frankn Courl,
lhe very urban sle o Een|ann Frankn's shop, renled slores,
and house n cenlercly Phadepha. The shop ronls aon~
Markel Sl
lhe Frank
house s |
rane sho
oundalo
ke devce
hnse de
descenda
ended up
ear
Socely ha
o Forl To
Sprl Lak
and s lhe
orl ron l
lwo, sone
lhe ]8/0s
Cusler n
]890s lo l
Eoardn~
/nercan
varous pr
lred no
l works, a
lhe .S. h
E: Those
week al
or paces
we as lh
nporlanc
nany o lh
andscape
lhese pac
lhen lo se
have any l
acconps

PC: /ner
lhe hslor
o ndvdu
acheven
connon
experenc
popualo
whoe env
PAUL CR0TH IS PR0FESS0R 0F CE0CRAPHY AND
ARCHITECTURE AT UC, BERKELEY.

ASS0CIATE PR0FESS0R 0F THE PRACTICE 0F
ARCHITECTURE KENNETH BREISCH DIRECTS THE
CRADUATE PR0CRAMS IN HIST0RIC PRESERvATI0N. HE
TAUCHT HIST0RIC PRESERvATI0N THESIS PREPARATI0N
AND THESIS THIS SPRINC.
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C0P0'S F00D M/PET, P0PTL/D, 0PEC0, ]9// CP/ ELE\/
DE/ EWS SPPC ?0]0 ]] D/L0CE
ELPH/, ]9/9
ed
pul on
we have
or lhal
slorc
a~ree
y
ed
lher
o a
ne and
sl nol
r lo
. Eolh
l dan~er
lorn~ a
ouse and
n~s o an
, lhe year
Eul nosl
nl perods
s roe s
n~ use
ndscapes
s w be
erod
aned we
perecly
vared
enna
n Courl,
ed slores,
ls aon~
Markel Slreel were reconslrucled, ncudn~ a repca o
lhe Frankn Prnl Shop. Eul n lhe nleror o lhe bock, lhe
house s |usl su~~esled by Poberl \enlur's des~n o a nela
rane shown~ lhe house's ~enera sze, whe archaeoo~ca
oundalons and d~ sles are vsbe lhrou~h ar~e perscope
ke devces. Wedes~ned ~raphcs show how Frankn
hnse deveoped lhe area durn~ hs elne, and how hs
descendanls conlnued lo chan~e lhe sle, whch evenluay
ended up as sun lenenenls.
ear Dev's Lake, lhe orlh Dakola Slale Hslorca
Socely has done a owcosl bul sophslcaled nlerprelalon
o Forl Tollen Slale Hslorc Sle on lhe reservalon o lhe
Sprl Lake alon. The orl was bul belween ]868 and ]8/3
and s lhe nosl conpeleypreserved exanpe o a cavary
orl ron lhe ndan Wars perod. Each budn~ has al easl
lwo, sonelnes lhree abes and sels o pholo~raphs shown~
lhe ]8/0s, when lroops el ron lhs orl lo |on Cenera
Cusler n hs dsaslrous canpa~n a~ansl lhe Soux; ron lhe
]890s lo lhe ]9o0s, when lhe orl was reused as an ndan
Eoardn~ Schoo essenlay a concenlralon canp or alve
/nercan youlh); and ron lhe ]9o0s lo lhe presenl, when
varous preservalon and adaplve reuse schenes have been
lred nosly unsuccessuy. l's owlech nlerprelalon, bul
l works, and l aso nav~ales lrcky polca ssues aboul how
lhe .S. has lrealed alve /nercans.
E: Those are lwo very ~ood exanpes. n your eclure asl
week al SC, you aso cled nany nore connon" andscapes
or paces ron lhe recenl and even very recenl pasl, as
we as lhose wlh lransenl hslores lhal you ee are o
nporlance. l woud, o course, be npraclca lo su~~esl lhal
nany o lhese coud be preserved. Eul as a sludenl o lhese
andscapes, do you ee we shoud be don~ nore lo record
lhese paces al a eve o conpexly, whch woud aow
lhen lo serve as records or ulure ~eneralons? so, do you
have any lhou~hls on whal lechnques n~hl be enpoyed lo
acconpsh lhs?

PC: /nercans shoud absouley be don~ nore lo preserve
lhe hslores o ordnary, everyday envronnenls. Monunenls
o ndvdua heroes, polca h~h ponls, and rare arlslc
achevenenls are o course nporlanl; bul so loo are lhe
connon andscapes lhal, al any one lne, docunenl lhe
experences and expressons o lhe vasl na|orly o lhe
popualon. /s you nole, l woud be npossbe lo reeze lhe
whoe envronnenl.
The chaen~e s lo nd sone syslenalc way lo
docunenl and nlerprel lhe chan~e over lne o lhousands
o qurky, nlensey oca, and olen shorlved paces lhal,
or nslance: a) shne wlh connerca or soca exuberance
~anl dou~hnuls, phenonena ronl yard ok arl dspays,
archelypca vernacuar houses); b) le us aboul lhe ves
and slru~~es o nnorles or underdocunenled ~roups
~ral lhal oulnes ~an~ lurs; shrnes, nuras, or slreels
u o delas lhal record lhe hslores o elhnc or raca
nnorles); and c) hep expan lhe conneclons and hslores
o vernacuar ocaes dales and roules o roadway use, key
soca han~ouls).
Pholo~raphs deay nked lo ~ood nlervews or
lo ora hslores are o~ca rsl sleps lo preserve lhe
everyday. Schoars and hslorans are |usl ~urn~ oul how lo
nne Coo~e Maps Slreel \ews and Coo~e Earlh.
For sheer nspralon, lype nvncbe Cles" nlo a
browser lo reach lhe FordFoundalon unded websle o lhe
consunnale urban socoo~sl and pholo~rapher Cano
\er~ara, who has been syslenalcay recordn~ chan~e
over lne n /nercan owncone ne~hborhoods. nvncbe
Cles now expores lhree ocalons: Haren, n ew /ork;
Canden, ew Jersey; and Pchnond, Caorna. The nlr~un~
websle des~n was done by oks al lhe Craduale Schoo
o /rchleclure, Pannn~, and Preservalon al Counba
nversly.
/nd lhe nlernel s roulney nakn~ avaabe lerrc
new pholo coeclons. n an dea /nerca, lhere n~hl be
a nuseun or sludy cenler why nol sonewhere al SC?)
weendowed wlh enou~h server capacly and ucky enou~h
lo have an enlrepreneura archvsl who coud coecl, n a
quasoca way, d~la copes o lhe hu~e persona pholo
coeclons aready pul lo~elher by lhe nalon's rsl lwo
~eneralons o vernacuar bulenvronnenl walchers and
hslorans. For nslance, lhe John Caw Meen /rchves o
Soulhweslern /rchleclure al lhe nversly o ew Mexco
has |usl acqured 3,000 John Ernckerho Jackson sdes lhal
or ?0 years had been nodern~ away n ny oce. Jackson
was lhe ounder o Landscape and a orenosl culura
andscape schoar who lau~hl al Eerkeey and Harvard. Wlhn
a ew years, lhe coeclon w be d~lzed and calao~ued,
and avaabe or wde pubc use. Pro|ecls ke lhs and lhe
conlnun~ crealvly lhal /nercans nvesl n lher ordnary
envronnenls everywhere, every year brn~ vernacuar
envronnenl ans conlnued hope, nspralon, and de~hl.
CP/ ELE\/T0PS, P0PTL/D, 0PTH D/0T/
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PE: Crown~ up n E Savador, whal was l lhal nlay drew
you lo andscape archleclure?
ML: was born n San Savador n E Savador. E Savador
s a pace lhal woud descrbe as beaulu, where lhere s
a lrenendous anounl o wealh n lerns o nalure, bul a
lrenendous anounl o poverly and dsparly wlh respecl
lo nonelary wealh and educalon. My alher was n lhe
conslruclon naleras nanuaclurn~ busness, so ~rew
up around ppes, slee, and nolors, and spenl a ol o lne
on conslruclon sles. These experences aowed ne lo
undersland and apprecale lhe undanenlas o des~n and
conslruclon and how lhey le lo~elher.
PE: Where dd you sludy or under~raduale and ~raduale
schoo and how do you lhnk lhe assocaled peda~o~es and
envronnenla conlexls shaped you as a andscape archlecl?
ML: /ler novn~ lo lhe nled Slales, sluded
envronnenla pannn~ bul nolced lhal a ol o lhe sludes
lhal panners perorned ~alhered dusl on lhe sheves.
/ler seen~ an exhbl o Frederck Law 0nsled's pannn~
o varous parks lhrou~houl /nerca, ncudn~ ew /ork
Cly's Cenlra Park, reazed lhal andscape was lhe canvas
on whch wanled lo work. earned ny nasler's de~ree n
andscape archleclure ron Harvard nversly and 've been
workn~ or nore lhan ?o years snce lhen. We are lraned as
nuldscpnarans n en~neern~, soca scence, ecoo~y,
pannn~, arl, and des~n.
PE: /ou drecl a ?operson oce. Whal do you nd lo be lhe
b~~esl chaen~es o runnn~ your oce?
ML: an orlunale lo have sone very laenled, crealve,
and dedcaled peope on ny sla. They are a seslarlers
and very conpelenl proessonas. The b~~esl chaen~e
s lryn~ lo nd lhe lne lo nleracl wlh each o lhen whe
overseen~ pro|ecls, workn~ wlh cenls, allracln~ new
cenls, and dean~ wlh lhe dayloday busness nallers
lhal are necessary lo operale our rn. reay en|oy speakn~
al nduslry conerences and parlcpaln~ n workshops. an
aso very nvoved n lhe connunly n bolh proessona and
soca aclvles.
PE: How do envronnenla concerns npacl your work?
MIA LEHRER, FASLA IS PRINCIPAL 0F MIA LEHRER +
ASS0CIATES DESICN STUDI0.
ASSISTANT PR0FESS0R RACHEL BERNEY, PH.D.
INSTRUCTED A LANDSCAPE DESICN STUDI0 IN THE
SPRINC.
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ML: beeve lhal andscape archleclure pays one o lhe
nosl crlca roes n revlazn~ and recabraln~ cles and
lher pubc spaces. n npenenln~ na|or chan~es lo a cly,
lhe andscape provdes a physca oundalon ron whch lhe
connunly ~rows and nraslruclure lakes on new orn. l s
lhe nraslruclure lhal can reay nake lhe nosl s~ncanl
derence. Ths s cerlany lhe case n cles such as Los
/n~ees lhal are ~on~ lhrou~h na|or redeveopnenl. /s
urbanzalon conlnues lo chan~e lhe course and characler
o deveopnenl occurrn~ n lhe na|or cly cenlers o our
counlry, lradlona lhnkn~ aboul suslanably, parks, and
open space s aso chan~n~. Today, we lake a lolay derenl
approach lo urban pannn~ and deveopnenl, as opposed
lo snpy accepln~ lhe nevlably o ranpanl ~rowlh.
Landscape archlecls are n a slrale~c poslon lo eslabsh
lhe ways n whch cles shoud be panned and deveoped.
PE: Whch o your currenl pro|ecls s your avorle, and why?
ML: |c||v.ccc Po|k 7cmc||c. s lhe pannn~ and
redeveopnenl o lhe venerabe Hoywood Pacelrack and
Casno. We are workn~ on lhs ?38acre connunly wlh
a ~real lean. The shared vson o lurnn~ lhe racelrack
properly nlo a ?]sl cenlury urban va~e w sel a
new slandard or connunly pannn~ and rea eslale
deveopnenl.
PE: Whal are lhe nosl nporlanl eenenls lo creale a ~real
and asln~ des~n?
ML: Landscape sels lhe sla~e or pannn~. n nany ways, l
s lhe andscape lhal enbraces and arlcuales lhe e~acy
o lhe and." nderslandn~ lhe econonc, ecoo~ca,
and culura dynancs o lhe area s crlca al lhe eary
sla~es o lhe pannn~ process lo have a u and conpele
apprecalon o lhe expeclalons o lhe peope who w be
usn~ lhe spaces enconpassed by lhe pannn~ area. n
lhe quesl lo undersland how peope w ulnaley use lhe
space, we conducl as nuch or~na research as possbe,
whch ncudes vsln~ and slayn~ n conlacl wlh oca
resdenls and olher slakehoders, as we as ~overnnenl
ocas and a~ences lhal w be nvoved n lhe pannn~
and des~n process. Ths s especay crlca wlh ar~e
scae pro|ecls lhal have nany pubc aspecls. Los /n~ees s
renvenln~ lse nlo a ?]sl cenlury cly. We are rebudn~
our nraslruclure and n lhe process we can hep educale lhe
connunly so lhey can nake norned decsons and lher
aspralons w nprove our des~n lhs s lhe besl way lo
creale a ~real and asln~ des~n.
PE: /s lhe prncpa o a on~slandn~ Los /n~ees des~n
rn, whal do you lhnk s nosl nporlanl or andscape
archleclura educalon lo cover loday? Whal sks do you
wanl youn~ des~ners conn~ nlo your oce lo have?
ML: 0ur educalon syslens nusl conlnue lo slrve
lo undersland whal l lakes lo address ar~er scae
envronnenla ssues and pannn~ eorls. Takn~ persona
responsbly or our envronnenl by beconn~ eaders n
crealn~ andscapes lhal are pro~rannalcay, scenlcay,
and lechnoo~cay advanced s crlca. Een~ polcay
aclve and underslandn~ lhe dynancs o decsonnakn~ s
nporlanl. /s ar as youn~ des~ners conn~ nlo ny oce
woud ke lo see exlensve experence n lhe ed. How can
you pan a ~arden you don'l know how lo panl one? Wrln~
sks and o course drawn~ sks are aso vauabe.
PE: /our rn works n a wde varely o seclors, ron
resdenla des~n, lo pubc works, lo urban n, lo
nsllulona, and connerca. Do you have a avorle lype o
pro|ecl or cenl?
ML: We ar
des~ns, w
and rvers
ron a s
hearl o lh
presenl lh
PE: Many
as lhe |/
and lhe /
lhese pro|
pro|ecls s
ML: Pub
l's crlca
wanls and
whalever
derenl
are sone
lo ensure
olher no
nore no
lhe slarl,
or lhe pe
bolh pub
everyone
nore np
execuled
lo a succe
PE: /our
you le us
aso lhe p
Pe~on?
ML: We,
one parl o
archleclu
connunl
connunl
whch lhe
requred.
~roups, a
ML+/, /||E|5E|0 CJ||J||7) 5E/C| |JJSE
ML+/, |JS /|
DE/ EWS SPPC ?0]0 ]3 D/L0CE
lhe
es and
lo a cly,
whch lhe
orn. l s
ncanl
Los
. /s
aracler
our
rks, and
derenl
posed
lh.
slabsh
oped.
nd why?
k and
wlh
ack
e
a ~real
ways, l
e~acy
,
ry
npele
w be
. n
se lhe
sbe,
ca
nenl
nnn~
r~e
n~ees s
budn~
ucale lhe
d lher
way lo
es~n
ape
o you
e?
ersona
ers n
nlcay,
cay
nakn~ s
oce
ow can
? Wrln~
lype o
ML: We are we reco~nzed or our pro~ressve andscape
des~ns, workn~ wlh such nalura andnarks as parks, akes,
and rvers. We work on a lypes, scaes and szes o pro|ecls
ron a sna ~arden al a cuslon resdence lo a paza n lhe
hearl o lhe cly lo lhe revlazalon o a ar~e rver. They a
presenl lher own unque chaen~es and rewards.
PE: Many o your pro|ecls have an expcly pubc ocus such
as lhe |/ ||ve| |ose|o|on, 7|e S||ve||oke |ese|vc|| 7|o||,
and lhe /nnenoe| 5eoc| |c:se n Sanla Monca. Whal do
lhese pro|ecls have n connon wlh one anolher? /re pubc
pro|ecls speca or you?
ML: Pubc pro|ecls are denley speca or ne. beeve
l's crlca lo have a u and conpele apprecalon o lhe
wanls and needs o lhe peope who w be usn~ lhe spaces,
whalever lhe spaces are. Whe lhe process nay vary or
derenl pro|ecls n varous connunles and areas, lhere
are sone connon eenenls lhal beeve are necessary
lo ensure success. aready laked aboul lhe research and
olher nornalon lhal ~oes nlo lhe vsonn~ process. The
nore nornalon lhal s lhrown nlo lhe vsonn~ hopper al
lhe slarl, lhe nore reevanl lhe na connunly pan w be
or lhe peope who w ve n l. The process enlas ~ann~
bolh pubc and polca supporl. l s nporlanl lo hep
everyone undersland lhe benels, ssues, chaen~es and
nore nporlanly, lhe soulons lo lhese chaen~es. When
execuled propery, lhs s lhe crlca pannn~ palh lhal eads
lo a successu pan and l s cerlany ~ralyn~.
PE: /our rn s responsbe or lhe |/ ||ve| |ose|o|on. Can
you le us a lle aboul lhe process o crealn~ lhal pan and
aso lhe polenla or lhe pro|ecl novn~ orward or lhe L/
Pe~on?
ML: We, lhs s cerlany a lean eorl and we are |usl
one parl o lhe lean. n acl, lhere were lhree andscape
archleclure rns nvoved, pus en~neern~, econonc, and
connunly oulreach specasls. We are very connlled lo
connunly budn~ and coaboraln~ across dscpnes
whch lhe |/ ||ve| |ev|o||zo|cn |ose| P|on eorl cerlany
requred. There were 60 connunly neeln~s, nulpe ocus
~roups, and nonlhy neeln~s wlh cly a~ences. We aso
worked cosey wlh lhe Eureau o En~neern~, lhe /rny
Corps o En~neers, and Los /n~ees Counly Food Conlro.
Ths parlcuar pro|ecl presenled severa chaen~es, wlh
soulons ocusn~ on ood conlro, open space, hablal
resloralon, suslanably, pubc access lo lhe rver, waler
qualy, and econonc deveopnenl. Wlh undn~ conn~
ron lhe Los /n~ees Deparlnenl o Waler and Power, lhs
pro|ecl w lransorn our cly and l s denley novn~
orward. The |ose| P|on has aready been adopled by
lhe Los /n~ees Cly Counc and snce lhen, lhe Eureau o
En~neern~ has eslabshed a Pver 0ce lo nana~e a hosl
o aclvles ron properly acquslon lo ~ranl procurenenl.
The Pannn~ Deparlnenl has crealed a Pver nl whch has,
anon~ olher lhn~s, deveoped specc Des~n Cudenes.
The Pver Corporalon was eslabshed by lhe Mayor asl year
and l s o lo a ~real slarl. Pubcprvale parlnershps w be
key n brn~n~ lhe pro|ecls lo rulon.
PE: Whal are you yourse readn~ lhese days?
ML: 'n acluay readn~ Hol, Fal and Crowded by Thonas
Frednan. en|oyed hs rsl book The Word s Fal and
Crowded so nuch lhal had lo read lhe oowup. n lhs
verson, he descrbes lhe ur~ency behnd a ~reen revoulon
and how l woud be nore anblous lhan anylhn~ we've done
so ar n lhs counlry. l's a chance lo creale a new econony.
Peversn~ lhe eecls o ~oba warnn~ woud have a hu~e
npacl on nany nduslres, nol |usl andscape archleclure,
bul lransporlalon, ulles, elc.
PE: /ou have provded a ol o supporl or lhe SC Schoo o
/rchleclure's new Landscape /rchleclure Pro~ran and you
vsled lhe Schoo o /rchleclure on /pr ]~lh as parl o lhe
nau~ura pro~ran o Dsln~ushed \slors n Landscape
/rchleclure. you were leachn~ a cass al SC, whal lopcs
woud you wanl lo cover?
ML: ook orward lo workn~ wlh sludenls on nleresln~
des~n sludo probens. Conronln~ lhe chaen~es and
reales o nraslruclure n a ne~aopos, such as Los
/n~ees, poses unque opporlunles and crlca des~n
soulons. Ths s whal woud ocus on.
ML+/, |JS /|0E|ES ||vE| /D!/CE|7 |EDEvE|JP|E|7
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/: How do you undersland lhe nporlance o hslorca
and lypoo~ca sludy as l reales lo conlenporary orn and
naleras n your work?
CE: Typoo~y s sonelhn~ lhal has aways nleresled ne.
l s a way o underslandn~ hslory lhrou~h reerence, nol
necessary n a lera way, lo repeal l, bul lo sland on ls
shouders lo arrve al lhe nexl slance. My nosl recenl book,
Malera Precedenl: The Typoo~y o Modern Tecloncs,
exannes sx naleras wlh e~hl case sludes ron each n
order lo show how nalera npacls orn, space, pro~ran,
and dela lhrou~h a knd o evoulonary lhnkn~. l s lhe
resul o ny desre lo cassy lhe exslenl, bul aso lo lweak
l and rerane l. Fron sludes n vernacuar archleclure,
ron an underslandn~ o sle, lo culura hslory and even
h~h /rchleclura Hslory, an nleresled n ndn~ orn
lhal operales bolh culuray and physcay. ke orn,
bul an nol orndrven. For ne, nalera s a vehce or
nakn~ lhe nnalera. n olher words, see l as a way lo
produce an experence o archleclure lhrou~h space, ~hl
and alnosphere. For exanpe, L~hl Franes," lhe pro|ecl
des~ned or Maleras and /ppcalons lhal w open n nd
0clober ?0]0, seens ornay new, bul l s n acl based on
an open done lranslonn~ nlo a benl barre vaul lype and
cunnaln~ n an apse, a orn produced lhrou~h very snpe
descrplve ~eonelres. The use o vacuun orned paslc
and chan nk very L/ naleras bur lhs lype wlh lhe
vsua and spala eecl l produces. So lhe pro|ecl seeks lo
ner~e hslorca orn wlh a conlenporary and oca nalera
leclonc n order lo dene a new experence.
/: /ou pace enphass on experence. Woud l be ar
lo say lhal your nleresl n denn~ experence lhrou~h
lecloncs and nalera slens ron lhe npacl o nnnasn
on archleclure? an speccay nleresled n your vew o
Donad Judd and your cose encounler wlh hs work durn~ a
resdency al lhe Chnal Foundalon n Mara.
CE: /bsouley, Judd has been hu~ey nuenla on ne and
lhe Chnal resdency deepy aecled ny work. wenl lhere
r~hl beore our rsl chd was born. So lhal nonenl n ny
e and lhe conceplua andscape lhal was ben~ dened n
Mara are lolay nlerlwned. Judd's work exlends beyond lhe
ob|ecls: l s a lola eslye lhal was dened by lhe obsessve
qualy o hs ben~. l s evdenl n every des~ned eenenl,
nol ony n lhe scuplure, bul aso n hs perecly preserved
klchen and hs relrolled Land Pover n whch everylhn~ s
conparlnenlazed n slaness slee. l s ke an ce crean
lruck lurned nsde oul bul subler, snper, nore nnna.
He haled lhe lern nnna," bul don'l have a proben wlh
l. Judd was very nuch aboul lhe nnna, bul nosly as l
perlans lo experence.
/: Cven lhal lhe klchen, lhe car, elc. were conpeley
ornazed, we n~hl say lhal Judd was obsessed wlh lhe
rluas o everyday e. The connonpace breakasl, work
and seep pallerns, n olher words lhe day lo day rluas o
e, our habls. na~ne lhal lhs n~hl have had sonelhn~
lo do wlh lhe nslaalon lhal you conslrucled n Mara,
Spaceranes: 8 Doneslc Fra~nenls." Coud you descrbe
how you see lhe roe o rlua n archleclure as l perlans lo
lhe doneslc nleror?
CE: The nslaalon was conposed o an nward word based
on e~hl derenl doneslc rluas nundane lhn~s lhal we
a do on an everyday bass, bul an nol sure lhal we are ever
aware o. For ne, so nuch o archleclure s aboul rann~
lhe evenls and choreo~raphn~ aclvles lhal slruclure
e. lhnk budn~s shoud becone quel parlcpanls
lhal are conslanly presenl bul never donnanl. /nd so
our conversalon cones back lo orn. have a ovehale
realonshp wlh orn. 0n lhe one hand, orn can aclale
experence, bul on lhe olher, l can aso overwhen l, lurnn~
archleclure nlo an aulononous ob|ecl.
/: /our nleresl n lhe househod exlends nlo a ar~er scae
n ?0 Proposlons or Suburban Dwen~." Ths seres o
houses seens lo bud upon Sleven Ho's Panphel ron
]98?, Pura and rban House Types. Ho's pro|ecl dened
a hslorca, anar, lypoo~ca calao~ o /nercan houses,
yours seens lo pro|ecl new prololypca nodes or lhe ulure.
Do you see lhe ?0 dwen~s updaln~ lhe lypoo~y pro|ecl or
currenl econonc reales and rea eslale condlons?
CE: Exacly, and ke Ho's coeclon o lypes lhal denes
lhe Do~lrol or lhe Shol~un, have ny own nanes or lhen
a. They are neanl lo be a seres o budn~s des~ned
drecly oul o lhe nraslruclura conslranls o lhe /nercan
econonc andscape. We were dean~ wlh lhe slandards
dened by lhe conslruclon nduslry, zonn~, and olher codes.
We were nol lryn~ lo chan~e any o lhe rues. nslead, we
worked wlhn ~ven paranelers. Everylhn~ s o lhe she
and coud be bou~hl al Hone Depol, and everylhn~ s based
on a our ool nodue. There s no culln~; lhere s no wasle.
/ o lhese houses coud be conslrucled or under $]o0,000,
ncudn~ lhe and. /nd lhe ~oa was, lhrou~h leralon, lo
show lhe dversly lhal can be acheved wlhn lhe conslranls.
The Courlyard House crealed a raw andscape as opposed lo
a awn and choreo~raphed zones o pubc and prvale, ndoor
and ouldoor spaces. The Pro~ran House was based on lhe
dea o phasn~ over lne so lhal as lhe any ~rows, you can
leray |usl add on lo l. The Tube House was des~ned al ha
lhe wdlh o an avera~e pol o and so you coud bud doube
lhe densly by snpy ~on~ upward. So lhal was lhe dea,
lo des~n your avera~e /nercan hone prololype or lhe ?0
derenl scenaros.
ASSISTANT PR0FESS0R CAIL PETER B0RDEN IS
A PRINCIPAL 0F B0RDEN PARTNERSHIP LLP. HE
C00RDINATED THE SEC0ND-YEAR UNDERCRADUATE
DESICN STUDI0 CURRICULUM IN THE SPRINC.
LECTURER ANNA NEIMARK INSTRUCTED A SEC0ND-
YEAR UNDERCRADUATE DESICN STUDI0 IN THE SPRINC.
2 P|JPJS|7|J|S
|J| SJ5J|5/| ||v||0
LED0` ETP
/: The o
by parlcu
nol surpr
de a Erel
Ledoux, w
unclon o
you conn
oo||one,
nalera,
CE: /ou k
any ndvd
an o|c||e
lhe moe|
lhal Ledo
nalera b
l loday. n
house n l
counns l
Ths was a
nol ony d
perecl sq
conceplua
Ledoux a
producn~
lo have a v
slone url
lhese slon
over lne,
separale l
nalera s
sal n slo
n lhe lox
a rchness
o nduslr
archleclu
sal lo bec
reason o
nalera e
w be pu
/: So lhe
s a reacl
CE: /es,
oul o ny
as we as
doppe~a
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DE/ EWS SPPC ?0]0 ]o D/L0CE
ley
lh lhe
work
as o
nelhn~
ara,
scrbe
lans lo
d based
lhal we
are ever
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LED0` ETP/ CP0TT0
/: The orn o each o lhese houses seens lo be dened
by parlcuar condlons a knd o occupanl." Perhaps l s
nol surprsn~ lhen lhal your recenl resdency al lhe Chleau
de a Erelesche ed lo hslorca research on Caudecoas
Ledoux, whose archleclure dened orn by nakn~ lhe
unclon o each budn~ vsbe ron lhe oulsde. Coud
you connenl on how Ledoux's concepl o lhs o|c||ec:|e
oo||one, a speakn~ archleclure, reales lo our dscusson on
nalera, orn, and experence?
CE: /ou know, read Ledoux on an even snaer scae lhan
any ndvdua budn~. For ne, hs work s nol snpy aboul
an o|c||ec:|e oo||one, bul perhaps nore nporlanly aboul
lhe moe||e| oo||one, or a nalera lhal speaks. woud ar~ue
lhal Ledoux's work denes lhe end o a cassca lheory o
nalera by lrealn~ nalera n lhe way lhal we undersland
l loday. n parlcuar, ooked nore cosey al lhe Dreclor's
house n lhe Poya Salworks and ls porlco, nade up o
counns lhal alernale n pan belween a crce and a square.
Ths was a new archleclura order des~ned by Ledoux. Eul
nol ony does l use lhe pure ~eonelry o perecl crce and
perecl square, l aso reveas lhe process by whch l was
concepluay nade. n alernaln~ lhe square and lhe crce,
Ledoux alernaled a bock o slone wlh a chseed ~ure,
producn~ a weavn~ o or~na and new, aown~ lhe nalera
lo have a voce. The spn~ sal orns lhal are chseed oul o
slone urlher anpy lhe nporlance o nalera. roncay,
lhese slone sal ounlans were neanl lo ook ralher ud, bul
over lne, lhe loxc sal ar ron lhe slean nachnes used lo
separale lhe sal ron lhe waler leray ale and dssoved lhe
nalera snoolhness o lhe surace. So lhe represenlalon o
sal n slone was even urlher noved by lhe process o a~n~
n lhe loxc envronnenl o lhe Salworks. n Ledoux ound
a rchness n lhe nedn~ o ronanlc deasn, an enbrace
o nduslrazalon, and lhe pay on nalera orn. Hs
archleclure s a aboul lhe slu l s nade oul o, eevaln~
sal lo becone an nsl~alor, a reason or lhe budn~, a
reason or lhe archleclure, and lhen a ceebralon o l as a
nalera experence. For ne, l was lhe or~n o lhe work we
w be pursun~ n Sver Lake.
/: So lhe Maleras and /ppcalons L~hl Franes" pro|ecl
s a reaclon lo Ledoux?
CE: /es, know, l nay nol be nnedaley evdenl. l cane
oul o ny nleresl n ulzn~ lhe nalera as lhe conlenl
as we as lhe orn naker. There w be lwo vauls, lwo
doppe~an~ers, lwo ~ures n conversalon wlh one anolher.
0ne ob|ecl becones a orn, bul lwo ob|ecls creale a
realonshp. Whe one drops a shadow, lhe olher pro|ecls
~hl; one s based on lran~uar ~eonelry, lhe olher s based
on oursded ~eonelry; one you ~o under, lhe olher you can
acluay enler; one s accessbe, lhe olher unoblanabe.
0bvousy, l s nol a lera lransalon o Ledoux, bul l cones
ron lhal dea o lhe nalera len~ a slory lhrou~h lhe
ronanlcsn o lhe eecl.
/: l sounds ke you are allrbuln~ personales lo lhese
slruclures lhrou~h lher naleras, lhal you are aown~
lhen lo conslrucl a dao~ue, a space belween, a space o
derence. /ou can ae~ance lo Ledoux, bul lhs daeclc
or dance o lwo slruclures ralher rennds ne o John
He|duk's work. Has he been nuenla?
CE: /re you kddn~? He|duk s hu~e. denlvey respond lo
He|duk's work. slarled sludyn~ hn ron Day 0ne. He was
lhe ony one o lhe ew /ork Fve a ~roup lhal aso ncuded
Peler Esennan, Mchae Craves, Chares Cwalhney, and
Pchard Meer who was lhe nonpraclloner, lhe acadenc
archlecl. He|duk reay deal wlh nelhodbased nakn~.
l was nol an nleeclua ranework, ke Esennan's, or
a orna ranework ke Craves' or Meer's, bul a poslon
lhal slradded a lhn ne belween sprlualy, ornasn,
naleras, and educalon. For hn, l was a archleclure.
/: /s an acadenc yourse, how do you lransale your
research on naleras nlo peda~o~y?
CE: My peda~o~y s ounded n a slron~ bee lhal archlecls
lhnk lhrou~h nakn~, and n sludo lhs process nanesls
lse n prololypn~ and node budn~. l s necessary lo
earn lhal lhe process o nakn~ sonelhn~ can becone your
coaboralor as opposed lo your conbalanl. Even we do
nol nake budn~s ourseves, we sl nake represenlalona
ob|ecls d~la, physca, and nanua lo represenl deas
lhrou~h cral and lecloncs lhal dene how lhe budn~ s
~on~ lo be pul lo~elher, as we as how l w be conslrucled.
So enphaszn~ lhe acl o nakn~ and pronoln~ lhe dea o
represenlalon n nakn~ have becone cenlra lhenes n ny
sludos and sennars. Conn~ back lo experence, conn~
back lo eecl, conn~ back lo lhe dea o lhe physca creales
a dao~ue wlh lhe sprlua, boo~ca, physoo~ca se.
/: /re you npyn~ lhal lhere s a cerlan oss o conlro n
lhe process o nakn~?
CE: lhnk an. /ou earn your lechnque, you earn your
own hslory, bul lhen you have lo slep back and or~el l al
sone ponl. When you are budn~ a node you ~el oulsde
o your own head. /ou do nol abandon nlenlon, bul produce
a parlcuar orn o aulonalc concenlralon. lhnk lhere s
sonelhn~ nlerna aboul lhe process o nakn~ lhal aows
you lo creale a brd~e belween a conlroed ralona orna
des~n slrale~y and lhe experenla unanlcpaled sprlua
eecl.
M/TEP/L PPECEDET C0\EP
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EH: /ou've been nvoved or sone lne n deveopn~
paranelrc urbansn. Whal dsln~ushes lhs concepl ron
olher praclces o urbansn, bolh n process and n oulcone?
DC: Eack n ?000 was workn~ or Zaha Hadd, and ke
everybody we were workn~ hard, chasn~ conpellons,
workn~ on lhe ew pro|ecls under conslruclon. / conpellon
cane lhrou~h lhe door Jne |c|| S|nooc|e |ose| P|on),
whch was ass~ned lo ook nlo. We ended up wnnn~ l, and
parl o our subnsson was lo deveop a solware pro~ran
lhal s essenlay lhe precursor lo paranelrc urbansn.
l shoud be acknowed~ed lhal lhe shorlconn~s o
paranelrc urbansn) are due n parl lo a ack o consslenl
nonencalure around lhe dscusson o paranelrc anylhn~,
and n parl lo our use o loos lhal perorn very dslncly
realve lo olher nduslres. To ~el a paranelrc node lo be
ener~enl or ~eneralve lakes sone serous sk. ~el nlo
debales aboul whelher or nol l's ~eneralve al a, because
l's nol a~enlbased. woud ar~ue lhal n nany ways l s, bul
so nuch conpexly s requred) lo ~el lo lhal ponl.
Do lhnk lhal lhe producl s beller by vrlue o usn~ lhese
d~la lechnques and loos? denley do, and one reason
s lhe snpe vrlue o ben~ abe lo lerale nore qucky, so
you can vsuaze whal your realonshps are ~eneraln~ nore
qucky.
EH: How do you see lhs nleresl n paranelrcs, whelher l
be urbanbased or budn~based, conver~n~ or dver~n~ n
your proessona e versus your acadenc e?
DC: Whal nd supernporlanl aboul leachn~ paranelrc
des~n s lhal l requres a co~nlve shl n lhe des~n
process. l cones back lo lhs nolon o des~n leralon
and des~n exporalon. For ne lhere's bolh a conver~ence
and a dver~ence. The conver~ence s lhal we're leachn~
paranelrc lhnkn~ nore lhan we're leachn~ a lechnoo~y.
n olher words, can we abslracl des~n probens nlo sels
o realonshps, as opposed lo leachn~ lhrou~h an expcl
nelhod? 0nce a sludenl can harness lhe abslraclon process,
lhey can nore produclvey vary, and nore produclvey lune,
a des~n al any scae: urban, budn~, producl. Thal's lhe core
sk sel 'n nleresled n leachn~.
0ne o lhe conpexles o leachn~ lhs slu s lhal lhs
nolon o abslraclon s very dcul lo ~el across when we're
des~nn~ a pro|ecl wlh specc pro~rans and bres. So how
do you expore lhal soulon space? 0r how do you creale an
abslracl node lhal denes a broad soulon space, where
a lhe possbles are npcly an equa answer lo lhe
proben?
Whal we're lakn~ aboul s d~la nle~ence. /l lhe
nonenl conpulers are acluay qule snpe nachnes,
and lhey work based on lhe nolon o abslraclon. lhere's
anylhn~ ee 've done we over lhe asl sx years o leachn~,
l's lo brn~ aboul sone undanenla underslandn~ o whal
conpulalon s, how l reales lo des~n we, and how l
reales lo des~n poory, snce des~n s by denlon per
Herberl Snon an dened process. l requres hunan
synlhelc decsonnakn~; l requres opnon.
EH: was ~on~ lo ask you are you ulnaley leachn~
vaues? shoud say vaue ralher lhan vaues: 'n nol
su~~esln~ vaues as noraly, bul n lerns o |ud~nenl: how
one woud |ud~e any ~ven des~n proben.
DC: The answer s nosl denley yes. have a slron~ benl
lowards vaun~ pro|ecls where lhere s nped o~c, where
lhose o~cs are lransaled nlo abslracl nodes, and lhose
nodes are lesled and luned and evaualed based on lher
own denlon o whal's r~hl.
~uess 'n nol proscrplve n lerns o ~eonelrc
ornasn, bul an proscrplve n lerns o abslracl
ornasn, n lhal beeve lhal lhe archlecl's core
conpelency s n nakn~ |ud~nenls aboul assocalvles and
realonshps. Ey des~nn~ lhose realonshps, we can derve
orns and ~eonelres and lecloncs lhal are approprale or
lhose soulons.
EH: Eudn~ nornalon Moden~ EM) praclces n lher
ornalve node seek conpele preresoulon and seaness
nle~ralon o syslens. W lhs lechnoo~ca nlensly
conlnue lo aecl lhe dscourse o archleclure?
DC: lhnk lhe dscusson aboul EM s prevaenl loday
because l's nol qule our de aclo slandard nelhod o
descrbn~, or snualn~, our des~ns. Eul very qucky l w
be, or l shoud be. /nd l won'l be sonelhn~ lhal's poenca
anynore.
EH: n lhe way lhal, say, ~reen lechnoo~y shoudn'l
necessary be poenca?
DC: More nleresln~ probens ke pallerns and ~eonelry
and lecloncs w aways be poenca n our proesson. For
ne lhe EM dscusson s nporlanl nol ron lhe lechnoo~ca
ponl o vew, bul ron lhe dala ponl o vew. /nd whal EM
has brou~hl aboul s lhe ably lo snuale, as opposed lo
represenl, des~ns. Thal's lhe core derence.
The benels o coordnalon and nle~ralon are lhere,
and lhey w conlnue lo nprove. The benels o nle~raled
Pro|ecl Devery PD), anolher one o lhese dry lopcs, w
conlnue lo ncrease. Eul al lhe core o whal we're seen~ s an
assocalve paranelrc des~n en~ne whch s enabn~ a EM,
and lhal EM now s paranelrc ~eonelry wlh a senanlc
node overad, allached, and conver~ed. Ey havn~ ~eonelry
and senanlcs, we have rcher dala lo expore, and wlh whch
lo nana~e conpexly and lne. Whal EM w do s he~hlen
our dalacenlrc workows.
Conn~ back lo lhe queslon, lhe conversalon or ne
s ~on~ lo nove away ron EM per se, and lowards des~n
and conpulalon and lhe ably lo des~n wlh dala n nnd,
and lo harness lhe vaue o dala or cenls, coaboralors,
en~neers, conlraclors, lhe cly, and ourseves.
/ou can ook al olher rns lhal have been dalacenlrc
a nunber o Dulch rns bul aso even Zaha Hadd's oce,
whch ~eneraled des~ns wlh a ol o dala da~rannn~ n
lhe back~round. l's nol aways ore~rounded bul l's lhere
ASSISTANT PR0FESS0R DAvID CERBER TAUCHT A SEC0ND-
YEAR UNDERCRADUATE DESICN STUDI0 THIS SPRINC.
LECTURER ERIC HAAS IS A PRINCIPAL 0F DSH. HE TAUCHT
A SEC0ND-YEAR UNDERCRADUATE DESICN STUDI0 THIS
SPRINC.
Z/H/ H/DD, J|E |J|7| S||0/PJ|E |/S7E| P|/|
n lerns o
lhal enab
eslnalo
EH: s lhe
/l sone p
s lhere a
beneca
DC: Thal's
proesso
There
EM has c
appropra
n lhe dev
conpulal
Thal, un
lhe sane
a proess
descrplo
need lo de
lera na
So lhe
|usl a n
a~an, y
coud slar
lo one's o
archleclu
EH: How h
ls solwa
Eecause l
dean~ w
who reay
DC: My ln
The peop
EM lechn
lhan lhe l
how lo n
chan~e n
lhnk
represenl
we acce
o lhe ans
dalacenl
lhe dala.
Whch
s nlalo
lhnkn~ o
research
and push
process lo
nore dala
/nd lhal e
Thal's our
EH: Lel's l
a shorl
qule con
nleresled
~eonelre
a d~la s
cerlan wa
loerance

DC: Ths s
poweru
vaues, yo
oneloon
aspecls a
:
W
l
_
Z

=
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concrele lo pasnacul slee.
Thal's lhe praclca answer n lerns o lhe conversalon
on ~eonelry and d~la lechnques. n lerns o lhe nore
conceplua or lheorelca dscusson o lhe exacllude o
lhe conpuler versus lhe loerancn~ ssue n anao~ space,
woud aways push or nvesln~ n lhe r~or o a descrplon. n
lhe pro|ecls 've been nvoved n, lhe probens aways arse n
lhe ack o descrplon, nol n overdescrplon.
However, lhere's sl ~on~ lo be a nlalon when l
cones lo archleclure, as opposed lo olher proessons. /
crlca exanpe s noden~ carbonber based conponenls,
and underslandn~ whal's happenn~ nlernay lo lhe nalrx
o lhe nalera. l's done n nduslra des~n and producl
des~n, and we woud ove lo do l n archleclure, and l s
possbe. l lakes an exorblanl anounl o experlse, bul r~hl
lhere you can slarl lo see a conver~ence o lhe anao~ wlh
lhese d~la snualons. /nd lhal's where we' be ary soon,
lhnk.
EH: wanled lo ask you aboul lradlona ~eonelry, dean~
wlh lhn~s ke shape and proporlon, and a knd o ~eonelry
lhal has ~one nlerna, n a skeela sense, where shape
lends lo ener~e ron lhal knd o ~eonelry, and whelher lhal
dslnclon s o nleresl lo you.
DC: lhnk you're hlln~ on sonelhn~ exlreney nleresln~,
as we as chaen~n~: how we leach and how we praclce
des~n ron a lopdown versus a bollonup nelhodoo~y.
we ~o back lo lhe Jne |c|| S|nooc|e |ose| P|on, lhere
was a ol o leralon o lhe na|or nraslruclure and pallern
as lhe cly was ~eneraled, bul l was npcly lopdown. /nd
we a know lhe probens o urbansn, n lhal lhere has lo be
a ol o buln exbly lo enpower bollonup, ener~enl
condlons.
Ern~n~ lhal back lo ~eonelry, one o lhe lhn~s lhnk s
lhe nosl pronsn~ aspecl o lhe d~la revoulon s lhal we
don'l have lo be reduclve n lhe way we abslracly deveop
~eonelry. We are now abe lo recursvey creale very conpex
pallerns, and al lhe sane lne nana~e lhen or descrplon
and devery and conslruclon. lhnk lhal's acluay one o lhe
nore excln~ lhn~s happenn~ n conlenporary archleclure:
lhe ably lo creale ar~e paels o unque and luned
pallerns. Thal's ony doabe by havn~ conlro over ~eonelry's
rsl prncpes, how you lransale lhen nlo lhe conpuler,
and how you sel lhose paranelers up.
EH: /nylhn~ you wanl lo say lo lhe readers?
DC: Fundanenlay 'n very nuch aboul coaboraln~ wlh lhe
crazesl dscpnes can nd, because lhnk lhe archlecl
s reay lhe conduclor, lhe synlhelc proessona. Des~n
needs lo be nore vaued and 'n happy lo see l slarln~ lo be
when l cones lo b~ scenlc ~ranls. lhnk l's nore vaued
because we had ~real educalors lo leach us lo lhnk bolh n
lerns o r~orous research and o~cs, as we as lo be super
crlca, lo enabe nnovalon. /nd lhal's al lhe core o whal
'n nleresled n: nnovaln~ wlh respecl lo archleclura
lechnoo~es and nelhods, ornasns and ~eonelres, and
nleraclve archleclures.
benl
, where
lhose
n lher
vles and
an derve
rale or
lher
eaness
ly
ay
o
y l w
oenca
nelry
on. For
hnoo~ca
al EM
sed lo
lhere,
e~raled
s, w
en~ s an
n~ a EM,
anlc
~eonelry
lh whch
he~hlen
r ne
des~n
n nnd,
alors,
cenlrc
s oce,
nn~ n
lhere
D. CEPEEP, SC||P7||0
n lerns o conceplua lhnkn~, and l's lhe d~la loos
lhal enabe us lo do lhal slu, as opposed lo don~ ~ross
eslnalon and ~uesswork.
EH: s lhere any sorl o conceplua nl lo lhe snualon?
/l sone ponl lhere coud be ]00 snualon, you w.
s lhere a lhreshod pasl whch lhe relurns becone ess
beneca?
DC: Thal's a reay nporlanl queslon, bul pul lhal nlo lhe
proessona rean nore lhan pul l nlo lhe acadenc one.
There have been ols o sludes n lhe asl ve years, as
EM has cone onne, lhal have lred lo le peope whal lhe
approprale eve o dela woud be al whal parlcuar sla~e
n lhe deveopnenl o a pro|ecl. lhnk lhe nlalon sn'l a
conpulalona lhn~; lhe nlalon reay s a praclca lhn~.
Thal, unke des~nn~ a |el or a car or an Phone, we have
lhe sane duly o care, nol a nore onerous duly o care as
a proessona, bul we don'l have lhe sane duly n lerns o
descrplon. We don'l need lo ~el down lo lhe lera na. We
need lo descrbe lhe nan~ pallern, bul nol necessary lhe
lera na n our EMs.
So lhere's a nl bul l's nol based on lechnoo~y, lhere's
|usl a nl based on lhe praclcales o lhe proesson. Eul
a~an, you were lo have a o lhal dala n lhe node, you
coud slarl lo do nuch nore nle~enl lhn~s bolh nlerna
lo one's own praclce, as we as lo lhe overa suppy chan n
archleclure, en~neern~, and conslruclon.
EH: How has your assocalon wlh Cehry Technoo~es and
ls solware deveopnenl nuenced your own research?
Eecause lhal's a very proessonazed conlexl where you're
dean~ wlh lera nuls and bols, and suppers, and peope
who reay need lo lreal lhese concepls very nslrunenlay.
DC: My lne al Cehry Technoo~es has been super nuenla.
The peope lhere are lhe beedn~ ed~e o lhe deveopnenl o
EM lechnoo~y bul aso, and naybe even nore nporlanly
lhan lhe lechnoo~y lse, lhe processes and lhnkn~ behnd
how lo npenenl lhe lechnoo~y as we as how lo npenenl
chan~e nana~enenl n lerns o pro|ecl devery.
lhnk lhe nleresln~ queslons are: Whal does CT
represenl as a new praclce lype, and whal w lhe ulure be
we accepl lhal EM w be a de aclo slandard? /nd a ol
o lhe answer es n lhe queslon o des~n nle~ence and
dalacenlrc workow and harnessn~ lhe conpexly oul o
lhe dala.
Whch ~oes back lo lhe earer queslon o whelher lhere
s nlalon n lhe snualon. don'l lhnk we shoud be
lhnkn~ o nlalons r~hl now; lhnk we shoud be lhnkn~,
researchn~, and deveopn~ nore evera~e oul o our nodes,
and pushn~ or everybody lhal's nvoved n lhe coaboralve
process lo slarl lo vaue lhe node nore, lo nuse l wlh
nore dala, lo share nore dala, so lhal everybody benels.
/nd lhal everybody does prnary end up ben~ lhe owner.
Thal's our |ob.
EH: Lel's lak aboul ~eonelry, where nolons o exacllude
a shorl when conslrucled, ke a budn~ an~e never
qule conn~ lo a ponl due lo ben~ nade o naller. /re you
nleresled n probn~ such nls, or perhaps nexacl or uzzy
~eonelres? /nd here 'n ~elln~ al lhe dslnclon belween
a d~la sense o ~eonelry, lhe nloerance, el's say, o
cerlan ways o lhnkn~ o ~eonelry, and lhe by necessly
loerance o aclua nalerazalon.

DC: Ths s where nd assocalve paranelrc des~n so
poweru noden~ sonelhn~ where, as opposed lo expcl
vaues, you use varabes. /ou can ~el nuch coser lo lhal
oneloone d~la nockup, and undersland lhe loerancn~
aspecls and lhe leclonc aspecls o everylhn~ ron poured
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JD: /our recenl work proposes lhal we need lo relhnk lhe dea
o nraslruclure, lhal |o|c |n||os|:c:|e s ben~ repaced by
sc| |n||os|:c:|e? Whal s lhe derence?
MC: ca |o|c lhe nraslruclure deveoped n lhe ale ]9lh
cenlury and eary ?0lh cenlury, on lhe bass o lhe lechnca
advances o lhe nduslra Pevoulon. The ale ?0lh cenlury
and eary ?]sl cenlury's soler lechnoo~es o eeclronc
nornalon processn~ and o neda and connuncalon
syslens are ~eneraln~ new possbles o nleraclon
and conlacl or lhe produclon, receplon, and dslrbulon
o nornalon. However, lhey do nol consllule yel a sc|
nraslruclure equvaenl lo lhe hard nraslruclure o lrans,
cars, and arpanes.
JD: Whal s lhe conneclon belween nodernsl urbansn and
hard nraslruclure?
MC: Modernsl urbansn was based pra~nalcay and
synbocay on lhe nachne, whch becane a node or
archleclure and or lhe cly. There s a seclon o a ew
/ork slreel n Le Corbuser's book The Cly o lhe Fulure lhal
descrbes lhe derenl under~round nraslruclura ayers
o lhe nodernsl cly ncudn~ waler nana~enenl, sewa~e,
eeclrcly, and healn~. Wlh respecl lo nobly nraslruclure,
lhe nodernsl cly crealed a condlon o lola udly or lhe car
by kn~" lhe slreel produced by lhe hslorca cly o abrc
and repacn~ l wlh cly o ob|ecls on a ed.
JD: How s lhs ener~enl sol nraslruclure repacn~,
subverln~, or chaen~n~ our syslens o hard nraslruclure?
MC: an nol proposn~ lhal lhs sol nraslruclure w
|usl repace lhe exsln~ hard nraslruclure bul lhal lher
nleraclon w nody, dspace, and n sone nslances render
obsoele lhe ?0lh cenlury hard nraslruclure.
n acl, an nol nleresled n lhose nraslruclures per se
bul n lhe coupn~s" lhal are orned belween hard and sol
For exanpe, one can nole n lhe sxles lhe coupn~ belween
lhe house and lhe leevson or lhe coupn~ belween lhe car
and lhe rado.
JD: Do lhese coupn~s" undernne lradlona nolons o
urban and suburban experence? The advenl o sol
nraslruclures, say lhe rado, aowed us lo exlend our nolon
o lhe hard nraslruclure, n lhs case lhe house, nlo culura
reans whch weren'l nherenly parl o lhe doneslc. /el n
lhs case lhe lwo parls o lhe coupn~ were sl very nuch
dslncl and culuray e~be. Has lhe nalure o lhese solhard
nraslruclura coupn~s chan~ed wlh lechnoo~es beyond lhe
T\ and rado?
MC: The opposlon belween urban and suburban has been
undernned n lhe asl 30 years by lhe deveopnenl o lhe
exurban cly, and now lhe nonoculure o lhe car s ben~
chaen~ed by ls nconpalbly wlh lhe new neda. /oun~
peope are nol buyn~ cars anynore n Europe and n Japan.
Teena~ers are nol ~elln~ drvn~ pernls n lhe S; ralher, lhey
~el lher parenls lo drve lhen so lhey can keep lexln~.
JD: Whal roe does lradlona" neda and ls lernnas rado,
MARI0 CANDELS0NAS IS A PRINCIPAL 0F ACREST AND
CANDELS0NAS ARCHITECTS, BASED IN NEW Y0RK CITY.
HE IS A PR0FESS0R 0F ARCHITECTURE AND DIRECT0R
0F THE CENTER F0R ARCHITECTURE, URBANISM AND
INFRASTRUCTURE AT PRINCET0N UNIvERSITY.
LECTURER J0HN DUTT0N IS PRINCIPAL 0F DUTT0N
ARCHITECTS. HE TAUCHT THIRD-YEAR UNDERCRADUATE
DESICN STUDI0 THIS SPRINC.
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leevson) pay n urban orn?
MC: n acl we shoud use lhe pasl lense lo reer lo lhe urban
roe" o lhe rado and lhe leevson because lhese lwo neda
have lransorned, nulpyn~ oplons and arlcualn~ new
conbnalons wlh lhe nlernel salele rado, nlernel rado,
nlernel lv, elc. n lhe sxles and sevenles, lhe equalon house
lvcarrado provded an apparenly slabe opposlon belween
lhe cenler cly and lhe suburbs. Wlh lhe arrva o lhe nlernel
we have lo lak aboul a ud neda envronnenl lhal arlcuales
nulpe possbles o conbnn~ radolvnlernel. The eecl
s an ncreasn~ denand or wreess pubc lransporlalon
envronnenls and an ncreasn~ denand or ndoorouldoor
pubc envronnenls or body lernnas."
JD: So lhe lernnas o lhe nodernsl cly were slalc, as
exenped by lransporl nodes such as lran slalons, porls, and
lhe prvale ~ara~e, do lhe lernnas o sol nraslruclure beon~
nherenly lo our bodes?
MC: /es. n conlrasl lo lhe ?0lh cenlury lernnas as xed nodes
n urban space, we carry lhe new devces wlh us and perhaps
n lhe near ulure wlhn us; we each and every one o us are
now lhe ponl o deparlure and arrva o nornalon. reer lo
body lernnas" lo descrbe lhs condlon.
JD: Has our nolon o nobly lhereore chan~ed? /re lhe ~oas
o speed and ecency sl reevanl n lhe cly?
MC: Mobly s nol anynore nked lo access lhe way l used lo
be, because lhe new leenedalzalon devces nake conlacl
possbe wlhoul physca nobly. The cephone and lhe
nlernel have nulped lhe possbles o conlacl and one
resul s ncreased nobly lo provde lhe physca conlacl lhal
conpenenls lhe d~la conlacl provded by lhe new neda.
Speed and ecency are lerns lhal descrbe ony sone o lhe
possbles and lhey coexsl wlh lhe desre lo n~er," lo sow
down, lo han~ oul," and wlh lhe need or urban spaces where
lhese desres can be ued.
JD: s leenedalzalon" producn~ a sedenlary e, as sone
crlcs predcled?
MC: ol al a. The research ~roup al Pew nlernel s
conslanly pon~, descrbn~, and anayzn~ lhe eecls o
leenedalzalon and has been arrvn~ al concusons lhal
conlradcl lhe connon assunplons aboul lhen. Conlrary lo
ears lhal ena woud reduce olher orns o conlacl, lhere
s neda nulpexly": lhe nore conlacl by ena, lhe nore
nperson and phone conlacl. /s a resul, /nercans are
probaby nore n conlacl wlh nenbers o lher connunles
and soca nelworks lhan beore lhe advenl o lhe nlernel.
nperson conlacl npes dspacenenl and lrave. The new
connecledness s ncreasn~ bolh lhe nlernel lrac and lhe rea
lrac, n parlcuar because lhe new soca nelworks ncude
peope who do nol ve nearby and lhereore lrave lo connecl.
JD: So can l be ar~ued lhal leenedalzalon and lhe
ener~ence o ndvdua body lernnas" are crealn~ new
denands or pubc space? so, whal knds o pubc space, and
how do lhey der ron lhal o lhe nodernsl nachnecly?"
MC: We are seen~ a nulpcly o pubc spaces lhal resul
ron au~nenled" orns o pubc space, where lhe new sol
nraslruclure s overad on lhe od nraslruclure. 0ne nslance
s pubc lransporlalon doubn~ as workspace or enlerlannenl
space. For lhe lne ben~, lhere s no physca chan~e, or
ony ns~ncanl chan~es. However, lhese au~nenled
spaces represenl a polenla aboralory or lhe exporalon
o new con~uralons lhal resul ron lhe npacl o lhe sol
nraslruclure on our des~n loos and abrcalon processes.
For sone
packa~es
loos, d~
archleclu
and par
cles?
The n
Proessor
0n~yun M
hoshnev
eadn~ ex
lheory, an
Manue D
Erallon, E
Thonsen,
The c
Man spea
Fornes, Ca
Palrk Sch
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ve on lhe
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rdden or
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DeLanda
o lhe pol
He was |o
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and Een|a
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presenlal
Snooks, M
dscusso
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whal cou
The q
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perornan
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SPPC ?0]0 ]9 DE/ EWS EWS
e urban
o neda
~ new
nel rado,
on house
belween
e nlernel
arlcuales
The eecl
alon
uldoor
c, as
, porls, and
lure beon~
xed nodes
perhaps
o us are
reer lo
lhe ~oas
l used lo
conlacl
lhe
nd one
nlacl lhal
neda.
ne o lhe
r," lo sow
es where
as sone
cls o
s lhal
nlrary lo
lhere
e nore
are
nunles
ernel.
he new
and lhe rea
ncude
connecl.
e
~ new
space, and
ecly?"
resul
ew sol
e nslance
erlannenl
, or
d
alon
he sol
cesses.
For sone lne now, ron lhe use o slandard draln~
packa~es lo lhe nore expernenla use o ~eneralve des~n
loos, d~la lechnoo~es have had a subslanla npacl on
archleclura des~n. Eul how n~hl lhese d~la lechnoo~es
and paranelrc des~n loos n parlcuar hep us lo des~n
cles?
The nlensve Feds conerence brou~hl lo~elher SC
Proessors Francos Poche, Marc Fornes, Poand Snooks,
0n~yun Ma, e Leach, Cre~ 0llo, EuSun~ /, Eerok
hoshnevs, Scoll Fsher, and /nne Easano aon~sde olher
eadn~ experls ron lhe word o d~la lechnoo~es, culura
lheory, and urban des~n, ncudn~ Palrk Schunacher,
Manue DeLanda, Ton ovac, Marcos ovak, Een|ann
Erallon, Eena Manerdn, Casey Peas, Peler Zener, Melle
Thonsen, Lev Manovch, and `u WeCuo.
The conerence was or~anzed around a seres o oruns.
Man speakers Manue DeLanda, Poand Snooks, Marc
Fornes, Casey Peas, Francos Poche, and keynole speaker
Palrk Schunacher presenled lher papers, and lhen were
|oned n debale by a ran~e o olher experls. l was slreaned
ve on lhe nlernel. /non~ lhose walchn~ was Poand
WahroosPller, one o lhe or~anzers, who was sady bed
rdden or lhe evenl.
Foown~ Dean Ma's nlroduclory connenls, Manue
DeLanda kcked o lhe conerence wlh a hepu overvew
o lhe polenla o d~la loos lo operale al an urban eve.
He was |oned n lhe roundlabe dscusson lhal oowed
by /nn Easano, EuSun~ /, Lev Manovch, e Leach,
and Een|ann Erallon. The nexl sesson provded sone
ns~hls nlo lhe des~n npcalons o lhese new loos, wlh
presenlalons o sone lruy nspralona work by Poand
Snooks, Marc Fornes, and Casey Peas. The roundlabe
dscusson lhal oowed ncuded Marcos ovak, Ton ovac,
and ck Psca. /s ck Psca observed, lhe work presenled
n acl spanned lhe ran~e ron whal s slrcly paranelrc lo
whal coud nore propery be descrbed as a~orlhnc.
The queslon o whal consllules lhe paranelrc
was deveoped urlher n lhe nexl presenlalon by Palrk
Schunacher, lhe keynole speaker, who devered an
npassoned pea or oo|ome||c|sm as lhe alesl ~oba
slye" wlhn archleclure and urbansn. Hs was a vrluoso
perornance, and he presenled sone exqusle work lhal
reveaed how s~ncanl lhe oulpul o Zaha Hadd /rchlecls
has becone, bul hs presenlalon aso provoked sone
resslance anon~ lhe roundlabe respondenls `u WeCuo,
Peler Zener, Cre~ 0llo, and Sleano de Marlno. Whe `u
WeCuo expressed hs u supporl or Palrk's pro|ecl, Peler
Zener quesloned whelher lhere shoudn'l be lhe s~hlesl
~nner o doubl n Palrk's nnd aboul hs poslon. The
dscusson lhal oowed was very vey, and l seened lhal
lhe nla decson lo sel up lhe conerence as a orun or
debale ralher lhan as a seres o ndvdua presenlalons was
vndcaled.
The na speaker was Francos Poche, lhe enanl
lerrbe o lhe French archleclura scene. He presenled a
characlerslcay provocalve and enlerlann~ overvew
o hs own work. /lerwards he was |oned n dscusson by
respondenls Eerok hoshnevs, Eena Manerdn, Eranko
oraevc, n~a WahroosPller, and Een Cheveney. The
earer debales had been so vey lhal by now lhe schedue
had spped sonewhal, and Melle Thonsen and Scoll Fsher,
or~nay sled anon~ lhe respondenls, were nol abe lo slay
on or lhe evenlua roundlabe dscussons.
The conerence served as a orun n lhe lrue sense
o lhe word lo debale new deas. Whal be~an lo ener~e
s lhal Soulhern Caorna as a whoe, and L/ n parlcuar,
has eslabshed lse as one o lhe eadn~ spaces n
deveopnenls n d~la des~n. ol ony does l boasl sone
o lhe eadn~ ~odalhers" o lhe ed such as Cre~ Lynn
and Marcos ovak, aon~sde Cehry Technoo~es, a word
eader n lerns o lhe appcalon o d~la loos wlhn lhe
proesson, bul l aso hosls sone o lhe nosl pro~ressve and
d~lay nnovalve schoos o archleclure n lhe word as we
as sone o lhe eadn~ ener~n~ praclloners workn~ and
leachn~ anywhere, such as Eena Manerdn, Poand Snooks,
and Marc Fornes, and d~la arlsls such as Casey Peas.
/lerwards, 0n~yun Ma, lhe Dean o SC Schoo
o /rchleclure, hosled a receplon al hs hone up n
Pasadena lhal proved a sulabe selln~ lo round up
proceedn~s. Hs newy renovaled house whch aways
rennds ne o a Janes Eond sla~esel has an aslronaul
slalue al lhe end o lhe ~arden, and s now ben~ exlended
wlh a spacea~e addlon. 0ne coudn'l hep lhnkn~ lhal
whal we had a wlnessed durn~ lhe day a conerence
ncudn~ sone o lhe veesl and nosl pro~ressve d~la
des~ners on lhe panel was sonehow a presa~e o lhn~s
lo cone.
\STC PP0FESS0P
EL LE/CH, WTH
P0L/D W/HLP00S
PTTEP, C0CP/TED
||7E|S|vE ||E|DS
L/ST DECEMEEP.
INTENSIvE FIELDS: NEW PARAMETRIC
TECHNI0UES F0R URBANISM -
A SUMMATI0N BY NEIL LEACH
: USC 1004091 1
Green
K 175 L/S K-45/Gray-45/Green-45
Gray
DE/ EWS ?0 SPPC ?0 EWS
L0D0
L0S /CELES
ME`C0 CT/
SH/CH/
C|JSS
J|5/|
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A vISI0NS AND v0ICES EvENT
FEBRUARY 24, 2010
B0vARD AUDIT0RIUM, USC
0RCANIZED BY THE USC
SCH00L 0F ARCHITECTURE
Descriplio
`'an, lhe
~ranled lh
Exposlon
Horlculu
.. on Se
Exposlon
exposlon
has nore
horlculu
Throu
arran~ed
n Chna
exposlon
reco~nlo
as lhe rec
culure, a
a rare opp
culura e
The a
square n
o and n
olher o~
nled lo
archleclu
~ardens
lhe expos
lhe des~n
C|
|/
SKY GAR
WANC R
/s lhe word noves lowards a ~oba urbansn and ocuses
upon chaen~es wrou~hl by ssues o suslanably and lhe
need or ~realer nlernalona coaboralon, cles w nol be
panned, bul repanned and reborn. Scoll Lash, Dreclor
o lhe Cenlre or Culura Sludes al Codsnlhs, nversly
o London, noderaled a conversalon wlh cly panners and
adnnslralors ron Los /n~ees, Mexco Cly, Shan~ha, and
London aboul lhe presenl and ulure o urban pannn~ and
lhe shapn~ o conc, vabe cles. The evenl ealured Ca
Codber~, Dreclor o Pannn~ or lhe Cly o Los /n~ees;
Fepe Lea, Secrelary o rban Deveopnenl and Housn~ o
lhe Federa Dslrcl o Mexco Cly; Jan~ Wu, orner Depuly
Dreclor Cenera o lhe Shan~ha Muncpa rban Pannn~
/dnnslralon Eureau; and Pchard Cohen, head o Pannn~
and Slrale~y al lhe London Deveopnenl /~ency.
(Ec|c||o| nce. /|||e |e |coec|c| |esscns |eo|nec` c|o|c:e
oe.een |e |eoce|s c| |e |c:| c||es onc |e o:c|ence
c|c nc moe||o||ze c:||n |e o||cco||e| even|n sess|cn.
s:cc|nc onc oneccco| :|oon ||sc||es os .e|| os o|cvcco|ve
||moses |nc eoc| c|vs |::|e :|oon |n||o|ves .e|e
|n|c|mo|ve onc ene|o|n|n. |:c| |ccc |c| |c:|.:
SPRING 2010 21 NewS
Description
Xian, the ancient capital of China for 13 dynasties, was
granted the right to host the 2011 world Horticultural
exposition by the Association of International Producers of
Horticulture (AIPH) at its 59th Congress, held in Brighton,
U.K. on September 4, 2007. The International Horticultural
exposition is the highest-ranking professional horticultural
exposition in the world. It is a global organization that
has more than 25 member organizations of commercial
horticultural producers from five continents.
Through the generosity of the Xian Government, and
arranged through SPAMAPS and the USC American Academy
in China (USC AAC), funds and space were allocated in the
exposition for academic engagement and exhibition. In
recognition of the inexorable forces of globalization, as well
as the recognition of China as a critical contributor to world
culture, academic participation in the exposition offered
a rare opportunity for scholastic collaboration and cross-
cultural education.
The academic program consisted of the design of 8,000
square meters of permanent gardens on three large parcels
of land in the Creative Garden (). Due to scheduling
and other logistical concerns, the academic engagement was
limited to 9 international graduate programs in landscape
architecture, students of which would jointly design the
gardens for implementation by Spring 2011. with the title of
the exposition being (Creative Nature),
the design objective was to explore the multiple strands of
definition that characterize Creative Nature within the
dichotomy between nature and artifice. Design criteria for
the collective engagement were to be found in the natural, the
cultural, and the performative.
with the above criteria to define the collective endeavour,
the workshop was a cross-cultural design engagement.
Values of individuality, specificity, language, and idiosyncrasy
were reevaluated in light of processes that require trans-
cultural and trans-subjective operativity. The scholarship in
the collective engagement could be found in the collaborative
design process and resulted in interpretive definitions as
domains of design research, rather than in language, image,
character, or subjectivity characterized by the romantic,
expressionistic, picturesque, or vernacular. The intent of
the exercise was not to produce a singular point of view or a
preconceived position. Instead, it solicited different views and
positions to engender new paradigms.
Participating Institutions
Architectural Association School of Architecture
Columbia University
Feng Chia University, Taiwan
Hong Kong University
Peking University
Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Argentina
University of California, Berkeley
University of Southern California
University of Toronto
CreatIve Nature: 2011 XIaN INterNatIoNal
HortICultural eXPosItIoN WorksHoP
XIaN, CHINa
DeCember 1, 2009 to February 10, 2010
CoorDINator: Paul taNg, usC
INstruCtor / aCaDemIC CommIttee member:
aleXaNDer robINsoN
CREATIVE
NATURE
Sky Garden: ViSionS of The Sky
WaNg ruI aND Xu boHua, usC
DE/ EWS ?? SPPC ?0 ESS//S
TechhoChrohology
May ?0?~, ]99~. ~CyberCon: /l lhe Ean Cenlre For lhe /rls n /berla,
Canada, under lhe auspces o lhe /rl and \rlua Envronnenls Pro|ecl, lhe
asl vrlua chanber crealed or Donc|n /|| 7|e v||:o| De|v|s|. /c||cs |n
P|c|ess aords vewers lhe word's rsl nnersve experence o phenonena
nvovn~ a ourlh spala dnenson.
February 3~, ]99o. The |ons7e||o|||mo pro|ecl s aunched. Two Scon
Craphcs 0nyxPealyEn~ne? ~raphcs superconpulers, one al lhe nversly
o Texas al /usln and lhe olher al lhe Eeclronc Cae n Sanla Monca,
connecled lo one anolher va elhernel, ~ve audences lhe opporlunly lo
nav~ale lhrou~h and nleracl wlhn shared vrlua archleclure. Even lhou~h
lhe lwo sles can connuncale va ve audo and vdeo SD conneclons,
peope preer nleracln~ n lhe vrlua words lo snpy seen~ and speakn~ lo
one anolher drecly.
/pr 3, ]99o. Webspace", a lhree dnensona browser or lhe wordwde web
WWW), s announced by Scon Craphcs and Tenpale Craphcs Solware.
Eul around lhe v||| vrlua realy noden~ an~ua~e) and Joen|nvenc|
~raphcs ornals, des~ned lo work on a lhe na|or conpuler palorns,
and nle~raled nlo lhe unclonn~ o elscape, lhe nosl wdey used
WWW browser, Webspace creales lhe rsl wdespread opporlunly or lhe
lransnsson and exchan~e o vrlua envronnenls.
May ?0?8, ]99o. /l lhe Tdsva~ o v?.0Tnewave Zero) arl and lechnoo~y
exhblon n Colhebor~, Sweden, lhe |ons7e||o|||mo pro|ecl conlnues. /
seres o words are conslrucled lhal can be lransnlled over lhe web and
vsled by anyone wlh nlernel access and a v||| browser. PL: hllp:www.
ar.ulexas.educenlru~ell.hln
Juy ]99o: |eo||v|oo, lhe Laboralory or nnersve \rlua Envrnonenls s
eslabshed wlhn lhe Schoo o /rchleclure al lhe nversly o Texas al
/usln. l s lhe rsl acly devoled lo lhe sludy o vrlua space as aulononous
archleclura space.
Zero: Trahsmillihg Archileclure
The hslory o nvenlon alernales belween advances o
lransporl and advances o connuncalon, lhal s lo say
ron lransnlln~ lhe sub|ecl lo lransnlln~ lhe s~n and
presence o lhe sub|ecl, eslabshn~ a synboss o vehces
and neda lhal eads ron anlquly a lhe way lo lhe
presenl. Mode aler node o expresson or perceplon have
yeded lo ben~ casl across ~realer and ~realer dslances as
a~enls o w and power. S~na, na~e, eller, sound, novn~
na~e, ve sound, ve na~e, sense and aclon, nlersense
and nleraclon, presence, nlerpresence, leepresence,
a express our awareness o olher and esewhere, and
underscore our w lo nleracl wlh lhe sun o whal we know
lo exsl snulaneousy wlh us, realvly's conpexles
nolwlhslandn~.
|c cn|v |ove .e c|eoec |e ccnc||cns |c| v||:o| ccmm:n|v
.|||n o ncn|cco| e|ec|cn|c o:o||c |eo|m. o: .e o|e nc. oo|e
c ee|c|se |e mcs |oc|co| es:|e. c|s||o:|n sooce onc
o|oce. |onsm||n o|c||ec:|e
n lhs eorl lo exlend our ran~e and presence lo nonoca
reales, archleclure has been a byslander, al nosl housn~
lhe equpnenl lhal enabe us lo exlend our presence. The
lechnoo~es lhal woud aow lhe dslrbulon or lransnsson
o space and pace have been unna~nabe, unl now. Thou~h
we earn aboul nuch o lhe word ron lhe neda, especay
cnena and leevson, whal lhey provde s ony a passve
na~e o pace, ackn~ lhe nherenl reedon o aclon lhal
characlerzes realy, and nposn~ a sn~e narralve lhread
upon whal s nornay an open ed o spala opporlunly.
However, now lhal lhe cnenalc na~e has becone hablabe
and nleraclve, lhal boundary has been crossed rrevocaby.
ol ony have we crealed lhe condlons or vrlua connunly
wlhn a nonoca eeclronc pubc rean, bul we are now abe
lo exercse lhe nosl radca ~eslure: dslrbuln~ space and
pace, lransnlln~ archleclure.
The lransnsson o archleclure and pubc space alers
a lhe anar ssues o archleclure and urbansn. / al
once, lheory, praclce, and educalon are conronled wlh
queslons lhal have no precedenl o consderalon wlhn lhe
dscpne, necesslaln~ lhal we lurn esewhere or ~udance.
Learnn~ ron solware supersedes earnn~ ron Las
\e~as, lhe Eauhaus, or \lruvus: lhe dscpne o repacn~
a conslanls wlh varabes, necessary or ~ood solware
en~neern~, eads drecly lo lhe dea o qud archleclure.
Lqud archleclure, n lurn, eads lo lhe reprobenalzalon
o lne as an aclve eenenl o archleclure al lhe scae o
lhe co~nlve and nusca, nol |usl lhe hslorc, polca, or
econonc evenl. The an~ua~e and nelaphors o nelworked,
dslrbuled conpuln~ appy even ~realer lorque lo lhe
slrann~ convenlona denlons o archleclure: nol ony
s rea lne now an aclve concern o lhe archlecl, bul lhe
o~slcs o suslanabe, lransnssbe uson becone as
rea as lhe nosl physca nalera conslranls. Forn oows
clon, bul an econony o bls repaces lhe econony o slcks
and slones.
To be eeclve wlhn lhese new condlons, lhe poelc,
phosophc, and lechnoo~ca slrale~es we enpoy lo
~enerale archleclure nusl reecl our currenl underslandn~
o physcs and cosnoo~y, nusl ulze our nosl currenl
concepls and nelhods o known~ lhe word, and conronl
uy lhe npcalons, conslranls, and opporlunles lhal
arse ron concevn~ o a lransnssbe archleclure.
1/4: Implicil Time
Ces Deeuze has connenled lhal n eary cnena lhe
lrealnenl o lne was bodyknaeslhelc, enbodyn~ whal
he cas lhe 'novenenlna~e, whe whal characlerzes
cnena now s lhe 'lnena~e.'
The 'novenenlna~e' uses lne as l s ready perceved
n expecled sensorynolor aclon or pol. l s near lne,
proper sequence, slra~horward causaly. The 'lnena~e',
on lhe olher hand, rees o nechansns o assocalon,
nenory, na~nalon, uson, haucnalon. /n ob|ecl oul o
pace, oul o lne, or oul o pol, ralonay ncon~ruous, coors
a scene wlh ls probabe hslores or possbe ulures.
Eudn~ on Eer~son, Deeuze sees n each ob|ecl, n each
rane o a n, a rhzone n lne, aown~ haecceles lo
connuncale 'nolon wlhoul aclon'.
|c cn|v |s |eo| |me nc. on oc|ve ccnce|n c| |e o|c||ec. o:
|e |c|s|cs c| s:so|noo|e. |onsm|ss|o|e |||:s|cn oeccme os
|eo| os |e mcs o|vs|co| moe||o| ccns|o|ns
/n ob|ecl s lhus enveoped by an aura o ls own
lra|eclory lhrou~h lne lhal s nnensey derenl ron lhe
sequence o na~es lhal woud descrbe ls nolon lhrou~h
space. The 'novenenlna~e' records poslons n space
whe lhe 'lnena~e' records slales n lne. The cnena o
lhe lne
ob|ecls, e
an~ua~e
/clons lh
novenen
Tne
nosl case
Even whe
evocalve
lhrou~h n
slalc, res
and accd
lhe an~u
way, usn~
or al easl
arran~en
be expore
arcral ca
o Eedou
ar, lhe
conlnenl
0nce
concerns
The archl
lhe nolo
aso acco
unencun
nay lse
choreo~ra
o respon
ony lo 'n
Far n
whch lhe
aso lo bre
ke a slon
nechans
or every a
lhal lne
whch arc
2/4: Impli
When spa
lhe arl o
nusc wa
belween s
parae re
dea lhal
us lo conc
whe we c
no way lo
edces o
ncroscop
dnenson
sna ols
drecly. E
phenone
nolhn~ lo
know lhro
7|e |onso
Sensc|s o
eve|v.|e|
.oe|
nl
knowed~
hslorca
ways o co
by repeal
Eucdean
enbrace w
Eucdean
The e
PR0FESS0R MARC0S N0vAK DIRECTS THE TRANSLAB AT
THE MEDIA ARTS AND TECHN0L0CY PR0CRAM AT UCSB.
A PI0NEER 0F THE EXPL0RATI0N 0F THE vIRTUAL AND
CENERATIvE IN ARCHITECTURE, HE PUBLISHED A SEMINAL
ESSAY, TRANSMITTING ARCHITECTURE: THE TRANSPHYSICAL
CITY, IN 1995. 0N THE 0CCASI0N 0F THE XXIII UIA W0RLD
C0NCRESS, 2008, F0R WHICH TRANSMITTING ARCHITECTURE
WAS THE SELECTED THEME, HE WR0TE TRANSMITTING
ARCHITECTURE REVISITED, UPDATINC AND EXTENDINC
THE 0RICINAL TEXT T0 INCLUDE RECENT AND ANTICIPATED
DEvEL0PMENTS. B0TH ESSAYS ARE REPRINTED HERE.
|e|e onc |e|e. s|ck |omo||| ||c:| .|ncc. |oss
o:| :s c c|s|:s |e cece||:| mo|emo|cs c| c:|
oe||s||n eves`.
|. 7. |o||ne|. |::||s |on||esc. 99

/no|cv |s nc||n mc|e |on |e ceeo |cve |o ||nks
c|son. seem|n|v c|ve|se onc |cs||e ||ns`.
|. 7. |o||ne|. |::||s |on||esc. 9
7|onsm||n /|c||ec:|e.
7|e 7|onso|vs|co| C|v
]99o Marcos ovak
E
S
S
/
/
S
C
W
h
Y
e
i

D
e
l
W
a
DE/ EWS SPPC ?0]0 ?3 ESS//S
mm:n|v
nc. oo|e
e onc
o nonoca
housn~
e. The
nsnsson
w. Thou~h
pecay
ssve
n lhal
e lhread
unly.
hablabe
vocaby.
onnunly
now abe
ce and
ce alers
/ al
wlh
lhn lhe
~udance.
s
pacn~
ware
eclure.
zalon
ae o
ca, or
worked,
he
l ony
ul lhe
ne as
oows
o slcks
poelc,
lo
slandn~
enl
nronl
lhal
.
he
n~ whal
zes
perceved
lne,
ena~e',
on,
cl oul o
us, coors
s.
l, n each
es lo
||ec. o:
cme os
n
ron lhe
hrou~h
pace
ena o
lhe lnena~e adds lo lhs lhe conbnalon o dsparale
ob|ecls, each wlh ls own, nped aura, and conslrucls a
an~ua~e o nuances n pace o lhe an~ua~e o aclons.
/clons lhenseves can be led ron lhe snpcly o lhe
novenenlna~e and paced wlhn lhe lnena~e.
Tne perneales every archleclura ~eslure, bul n
nosl cases, archleclure's concern wlh lne s passve.
Even where lhe dea o lhe lnena~e s enpoyed n lhe
evocalve arran~enenl o eenenls nlended lo speak
lhrou~h npcalon, lhe eenenls and lhe arran~enenl are
slalc, respondn~ ony lo lhe sow accunualon o palna
and accdenl. nl now, archleclure, even when speakn~ n
lhe an~ua~e o lhe lnena~e, has spoken n an nannale
way, usn~ nannale eenenls. The possbly o an annale,
or al easl annaled, archleclure, conlann~ varyn~
arran~enenls o annale or annaled eenenls, has yel lo
be expored. Whal exanpes do exsl are elher vehcuar,
arcral carrers and skyhooks, nonadc, ke lhe ornale lenls
o Eedoun prnces, or ~realy exlended n lne or space: so
ar, lhe e o archleclure has ony nanesled lse across
conlnenls and cenlures.
0nce we casl archleclure nlo cyberspace, lhese
concerns lake on bolh lheorelca and praclca ur~ency.
The archlecl nusl now lake nlo aclve nleresl nol ony
lhe nolon o lhe user lhrou~h lhe envronnenl, bul
aso accounl or lhe acl lhal lhe envronnenl lse,
unencunbered by ~ravly and olher connon conslranls,
nay lse chan~e poslon, alllude, or allrbule. Ths new
choreo~raphc consderalon s aready a proound exlenson
o responsbles and opporlunles, bul l sl corresponds
ony lo 'novenenlna~e'.
Far nore nleresln~ and dcul s lhe nexl slep, n
whch lhe envronnenl s underslood nol ony lo nove, bul
aso lo brealhe and lransorn, lo be casl nlo lhe wnd nol
ke a slone bul ke a brd. Whal lhs requres s lhe des~n o
nechansns and a~orlhns o annalon and nleraclvly
or every acl o archleclure. Malhenalcay, lhs neans
lhal lne nusl now be added lo lhe on~ sl o paranelers o
whch archleclure s a unclon.
2/4: Implicil Space
When space exsled as a separale cale~ory, archleclure was
lhe arl o space; when lne exsled as a separale cale~ory,
nusc was lhe arl o lne. The reazalon o lhe deep realon
belween space and lne as spacelne, and lhe correspondn~
parae realon belween nass and ener~y, chaen~es lhe
dea lhal archleclure and nusc are separale, and pronpls
us lo conceve o a new arl o spacelne: archMusc. Eul
whe we can surey na~ne such an arlorn, we have had
no way lo acluay conslrucl and nhabl lhe spalolenpora
edces o lhal na~nalon. Whe our scence exannes
ncroscopc and nacroscopc re~ons o curved, h~her
dnensona spacelne, we bud wlhn lhe connes o lhe
sna ols o whal our nled sensorun can conprehend
drecly. Even lhou~h we depend on devces lhal rey on
phenonena al lhese olher scaes, our archleclure does
nolhn~ lo hep us orn an nlulon o lhe ar~er word we
know lhrou~h our lheores and nslrunenls.
7|e |onso|vs|co| c|v .||| oe oe s:||:sec .|| |ne|||ence.
Sensc|s onc e||ecc|s .||| oe :o|c:|c:s onc .||| oe ||nkec
eve|v.|e|e .|| |n|c|mo|cn :||||es os ccmmcn os |:nn|n
.oe|
nl realvey recenl lnes, archleclure kepl pace wlh
knowed~e. Ey lhe ndde o lhe]8lh cenlury, however, lhe
hslorca con~ruence belween ways o known~ lhe word and
ways o concevn~ and execuln~ archleclure was dsrupled
by repealed, and evenluay successu, chaen~es lo
Eucdean ~eonelry. p lo lhal ponl archleclure coud sl
enbrace weslern spala conceplons: even lhe heavens were
Eucdean, l seened.
The eorls o Lobachevsky and Penann, lhe
descrplons o eeclrona~nelc eds by Maxwe, and lhe
word vew lhal was sowy assenbed va realvly, quanlun
nechancs, and lhal ed lo loday's lheores o hyperspace and
slochaslc unverses, crealed a condlon lhal archleclure,
burdened by ls naleraly, coud no on~er oow. Whe
a handu o exceplona archlecls ~rapped wlh lhe new
probens, or lhe nosl parl, lhe nodernsn lhal was wdey
enbraced was lhe nosl conservalve avaabe. /rchleclure,
or lhe nosl parl, ceased lo enbody lhe eadn~ ed~e o our
wordvew, and lurned lo narrower and narrower probens,
unl l becane ndsln~ushabe ron nere ullaran
budn~.
The spala na~nalon o nalhenalcans and
physcsls has been ar boder lhan lhal o archlecls. Causs's
curvalure, Lobachevksy's hyperboc or 'na~nary ~eonelry',
Penann's eplc ~eonelry, lhe adder ron scaar lo veclor
lo lensor lo spnor lo lwslor, are yel und~esled conceplons
o space lhal nusl be consdered by a new a~orlhnc and
conpulalona crlca dscourse and poelcs. Whe lhe
scae al whch lhese conceplons appy s oulsde lhe ran~e
o everyday experence as we knew l, lhal ran~e has lse
chan~ed. /s \ro has noled, our horzon has shled ron
lhe ed~e o whal s vsbe lo our naked eyes lo lhal whch s
vsbe eeclroncay al lhe speed o ~hl, lhal s lo say, al lhe
scaes o nonEucdean ~eonelres. /cluay, everylhn~ we
see, we see al lhe speed o ~hl: whal we have overcone are
alnospherc and perspeclva nose, lhe conslranl o seen~
n a slra~hl ne, and conslranl o seen~ ron |usl one ponl
or n |usl one dreclon. 0plcod~la orlho~raphcs: ossess
carly, curved onnscence, panlopca onnpresence.
The archleclure o cyberspace oers lhe opporlunly lo
nend lhe ruplure belween how we know lhe word and how
we conceve and execule archleclure. l aows a ar ~realer
allude o expernenlalon lhan any prevous archleclonc
opporlunly. l s once a~an possbe lo seek lo know whal s
known and lo conceve a correspondn~ archleclure, wlhoul
aways an~ back upon lhe sacred ~eonelres o a~es pasl.
Ths en~a~enenl ony nakes archleclure nore reevanl
lo lhe word, nore n keepn~ wlh whal s sensed as a new
condlon. n acl, archleclure's roe n arlcualn~ spalay
lhe oulook o an a~e s slron~y reasserled.
J:| |c||zcn |os s|||ec ||cm |e ece c| .|o |s v|s|o|e c c:|
nokec eves c |o .||c| |s v|s|o|e e|ec|cn|co||v o |e soeec
c| |||
3/4: Samplihg
We cannol know lhe rea n ls enlrely. /s nuch sheds as
brd~es, our senses soale us ron lhe oulsde word, even
as lhe co~nlve nechansns lhal lransale raw npul nlo
neann~u pallern soale us ron wlhn. n elher case, whal
we do know s known lhrou~h sanpn~: conlnuous realy,
ndeed l s conlnuous, s se~nenled and reconslluled lo l
our underslandn~.
Sanpn~ npes lhe exslence o a ed lo be sanped,
a sanpn~ rale or requency, and a sanpn~ resoulon or
senslvly. Fron subalonc parlces lo scannn~ lunnen~
ncroscopes lo conpacl dsks lo vdeo, n, neleoroo~ca
and cosnoo~ca nornalon, whal we know enprcay
we know lhrou~h lhs very parlcuar orn o observalon.
Whal we know synlhelcay or by snualon does nol escape
lhs elher: whelher we ~alher or produce dala, we do so al
ncrenenls and nlervas lhal reduce lhe nnle, or nerey
vasl, lo lhe nana~eabe.
0ur own senses operale by sanpn~: lhe nle ~rds o
rods and cones lhal orn our relnas eed a nle nunber
o nerve endn~s al nle nlervas: whalever conlnuly we
perceve n lhe word s an uson we conslrucl.
nderslandn~ lhe word as ed s very derenl ron
underslandn~ lhe word as daeclc o sod and vod. The
word o ob|ecls and enplnesses s enunerabe, a word
o oca bnary decsons: ssnol. n a word o eds, lhe
: USC 1004091 1
Green
K 175 L/S K-45/Gray-45/Green-45
Gray
DE/ EWS ?~ SPPC ?0 ESS//S
dslnclon belween whal s and whal s nol s one o de~ree.
There can be as nany sanpn~ ponls where sonelhn~ s
nol as lhere are where sonelhn~ s. Sanpn~ nvoves an
nlernedale sense o realy, sonelhn~ belween rea and
nle~er nunbers, a racla nolon o quaed lrulh, lrulh
loaponl. /n ob|ecl's boundary s snpy lhe reconslrucled
conlour o an arblrary chosen vaue. Havn~ caplured a
lhree dnensona array o pressure ponls around a lornado,
we can reconslrucl lhe pressure conlour o lhe cenler o
lhe slorn |usl as surey as we can lhe eadn~ ed~e. /l one
densly selln~ lhe dala ron a na~nelc resonance scan ~ve
lhe shape o one's sku, al anolher lhe shape o one's bran,
paradoxcay repacn~ lhe dsconlnuly o sanpn~ wlh a
new conlnuly across nanes and cale~ores.
The dala upon whch lhese loos are apped can
cone ron any o severa sources: drecl sensn~ o lhe
envronnenl, conpulalon o unclons lhal occupy space,
clon and ancy, l does nol naller whch. n McLuhan's
sense, lhe advenl o lhe loo aready chan~es our realy
by shln~ lhe baance o a our praclces and oulooks. n
order lo conlend wlh lhe enornous anounl o nornalon
provded by arrays o nslrunenls drecled al a aspecls
o lhe word, scenlsls have deveoped a panopy o loos
or scenlc vsuazalon. The donnanl nelaphor behnd
lhe operalon o lhese loos s lhal o lhe ed or allce.
\oune vsuazalon, sosurace conslruclon, adveclon, and
nunerous olher lechnques exsl lhal aow us lo peer nlo
a bock o nunbers and exlracl lhe shape o an answer lo a
queslon.
/|||e eve|v||n |s |c.|n eocnen|o||v. | seems |o |e
soeec c| ccmo:e|s onc |e n:moe| c| :se|s c| |e |ne|ne
o|e eoonc|n o o mc|e |oo|c |oe |on |e ovo||oo|||v c|
|e |o. co||v|n coooc|v |ec:||ec c c|eoe s|o|ec v||:o|
env||cnmens
/rchleclura heurelcs and poelcs, even when
enpoyn~ lhe conpuler's boundary represenlalons and
sod noden~, sl enphasze a Eucdean underslandn~
o orn and space, an deoo~y o presence and absence.
Descrplvey, anaylcay, synlhelcay, n every way,
lhe r~dly o lhe canonca, orlho~raphc descrplons o
archleclure a lo caplure whal s saenl lo space as we
currenly conceve l. Pan, seclon, eevalon, perspeclve,
axononelrc, lraces o p~nenl hed by lhe loolh o veun,
ruer and conpass, were perhaps approprale lo lhe cyces
and epcyces o a Ploenac, Coperncan, and Caean
unverse, or even lhe epses o a eperan unverse, bul
are conpeley npolenl n arresln~ lhe lra|eclores o
subalonc parlces, or lhe shapes o lhe ~ravly waves o
codn~ back hoes. 0nce lhs s observed, l can be ready
seen lhal lhe pan s dead because ls wordvew s obsoele.
/n alernalve archleclura poelcs woud ook pasl lhe
slalc depclon o ob|ecls and suraces lo lhe descrplon
o alenl nornalon eds. The ar we nove lhrou~h s
pernealed by nlersecln~ enanalons o nornalon
ron every ob|ecl: eeclrona~nelc ux, nlensles o ~hl,
pressure, and body heal orn conpex dancn~ ~eonelres
around us al every nslanl. We aready nhabl an nvsbe
word o shapes, an archleclure o alenl nornalon lhal
s nodualed by our every brealh and lransnsson. The
shapes are denle, and wlh lhe r~hl loos o sanpn~
and vsuazalon, can be seen, caplured, and, so desred,
nanuaclured. l s nperalve lhal archlecls enbrace lhese
loos crlcay and crealvey, and sel asde lhe loos lhal
/berl used as beaulu, bul nay nosla~c, vesl~es o
anolher era.
4/4: Trahsmissioh
The unprecedenled polenla lo casl space nlo lhe eeclronc
nel surroundn~ lhe panel s nol wlhoul reslrclons o
ls own. The aslonshn~ capacly o oplca ber lo carry
nornalon s |usl ben~ ~rasped. n lhe nlern, belween
aslonshnenl and procency, we nusl conlend wlh lhe
presenl nls o bandwdlh. Whe everylhn~ s ~rown~
exponenlay, l seens lhal lhe speed o conpulers and lhe
nunber o users o lhe nlernel are expandn~ al a nore rapd
rale lhan lhe avaably o lhe raw carryn~ capacly requred
lo creale shared vrlua envronnenls.
We w soon have very nany peope wlh very asl
conpulers vyn~ or nled bandwdlh. l s unkey, and, n
any case, a~ansl lhe undanenla ns~hls o dslrbuled
conpuln~, lo have a cenlra conpuler nanuaclure one
realy or nany parlcpanls. The parad~n lhal s ener~n~
s qule lhe opposle: each parlcpanl receves a conpressed,
concse descrplon o lhe word and nornalon aboul
lhe slale and aclons o a lhe olher parlcpanls. Each
parlcpanl's oca nachne lhen synlheszes a verson o
lhe shared realy lhal s snar lo, bul nol necessary
denlca wlh, a lhe olhers, dependn~ on oca aclors and
preerences.
n a Lebnzan way, each ocalon unclons as a nonad.
Each ocalon s ndependenl o lhe olhers, and yel, by lhe
acl o lher realve a~reenenl, a ar~er realy s conslrucled.
0bvousy, whal s requred here s a lransnssbe orn
o realy n condensed orn ralher lhan n xed descrplon.
Snpe conpresson does nol suce, snce l nposes lhe
sane nl on resoulon or a parlcpanls, re~ardess o
lher connuncalona and conpulalona resources. n lhe
on~ run, whal nusl be lransnlled s nol lhe ob|ecl lse bul
ls cypher, lhe ~enelc code or lhe re~eneralon o lhe ob|ecl
al each new sle, accordn~ lo each sle's avaabe resources.
/|c||ecs oso|||n c o|oce |e|| ccns|:cs .|||n |e
ncnsooce c| cvoe|sooce .||| |ove c |eo|n c ||nk |n e|ms c|
ene|c en|nes c| o||||c|o| |||e
Cyberspace as a whoe, and nelworked vrlua
envronnenls n parlcuar, aow us lo nol ony lheorze
aboul polenla archleclures norned by lhe besl o currenl
lhou~hl, bul lo acluay conslrucl such spaces or hunan
nhablalon n a conpeley new knd o pubc rean. Ths
does nol npy a ack o conslranl, bul ralher a subsllulon
o one knd r~or or anolher.
When brcks becone pxes, lhe lecloncs o archleclure
becone nornalona. Cly pannn~ becones dala slruclure
des~n, conslruclon cosls becone conpulalona cosls,
accessbly becones lransnssbly, proxnly s neasured
n nunbers o requred nks and avaabe bandwdlh.
Everylhn~ chan~es, bul archleclure renans.
Cehelic Poelics
Sowy, ron lhe consderalons above, we can arlcuale
sone expeclalons aboul whal a cyberspace archleclure
n~hl nvove. l woud be an archleclure des~ned as nuch
n lne as n space, chan~n~ nleraclvey as a unclon o
duralon, use, and exlerna nuence; l woud be descrbed n
a conpacl, coded nolalon, aown~ ecenl lransnsson;
l woud be anenabe lo derenl rendlons under derenl
undanenla ~eonelres; and l woud be des~ned wlh lhe
nosl advanced concepls, loos, and processes avaabe.
Enphalcay nonnear and nonoca, ls preerred
nodes o narralon woud nherenly nvove dslrbuledness,
nulpcly, ener~ence, and openendedness.
Jusl as chaos and conpexly have swlched poarles
ron ne~alve lo poslve vaue, so loo are a lhe expressons
o ds|unclon and dsconlnuly ben~ revsled as orns
o a h~her order. nke lhe ds|unclon o coa~e lhal has
characlerzed nuch o lhs cenlury, lhe new ds|unclon s
one o norphn~. Where coa~e nerey superposes naleras
ron derenl conlexls, norphn~ operales lhrou~h lhen,
bendn~ lhen. True lo lhe lechnoo~es o lher respeclve
lnes, coa~e s nechanca whereas norphn~ s achenca.
Sphnx and werewo, ~ar~oye and ~rn are lhe nascols o
lhs lne. The characler o norphn~ s ~enelc, nol sur~ca,
nore ke ~enelc crossbreedn~ lhan lranspanln~. Where
coa~e en
anar, l
ways lhal
arra
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lhe norph
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and lenp
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neasured
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ale
clure
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erenl
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abe.
ed
ledness,
arles
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al has
on s
naleras
lhen,
eclve
chenca.
scols o
ur~ca,
Where
coa~e enphaszed derences by reconlexluazn~ lhe
anar, lhe norphn~ operalon bends lhe unanar n
ways lhal unnale unsuspecled snarles and beconn~s.
arralve slruclures are snary aecled. Cnenalcay,
lhe cul yeds lo lhe crossade and lhe crossade yeds lo
lhe norphed bend, unl whal woud be consequenl scenes
ner~e nlo a nodualed, varyn~ conposle o snulaneous
exslences. The eenenls o neann~ becone alnospherc
and lenperanenla, and narralve sequence proceeds ron
epss lo epss, n a slochaslc perpelua nolon nachne.
Thou~h lhe queslon o archleclonc nerl adnls no
ace answer, l nusl sl be asked. Jusl as snpe en~nes
exchan~e dspacenenl or orce, so loo do lhe loos o
cyberspace exchan~e conpulalona cyces or lhe produclon
o usabe nornalon. l s ar lo nqure nol ony how nuch
power an en~ne can produce, bul lo whal purpose lhal power
s drecled. 0 a lhe cpucyces expended n lhe des~n and
conslruclon o a work o archleclure, how nany are apped
lo nprovn~ ls archleclonc qualy? /re lhey apped loward
~oas lhal ncrease archleclonc nerl, or are lhey apped
lo perphera ssues, such as lhe nore rapd produclon o
nedocrly?
/|en o||cks oeccme o|e|s. |e eccn|cs c| o|c||ec:|e
oeccme |n|c|mo|cno|. C|v o|onn|n oeccmes coo s|:c:|e
ces|n. ccns|:c|cn ccss oeccme ccmo:o|cno| ccss.
occess|o|||v oeccmes |onsm|ss|o|||v. o|c|m|v |s meos:|ec
|n n:moe|s c| |ec:||ec ||nks onc ovo||oo|e oonc.|c|.
Everylhn~ chan~es, bul archleclure renans
0ne o lhe undanenla scenlc ns~hls o lhs cenlury
has been lhe reazalon lhal snualon can unclon as a
knd o reverse enprcsn, lhe enprcsn o lhe possbe.
Learnn~ ron lhe dscpnes lhal allend lo ener~ence and
norpho~eness, archlecls nusl creale ~eneralve nodes or
possbe archleclures.
/rchlecls asprn~ lo pace lher conslrucls wlhn lhe
nonspace o cyberspace w have lo earn lo lhnk n lerns o
~enelc en~nes o arlca e. Sone o lhe producls o lhese
en~nes w ony be lenabe n cyberspace, bul nany olhers
nay prove lo be vad conlrbulons lo lhe physca word.
0he: lrahsTerraFirma: Tidsvag Noll v2.0
|ons7e||o|||mo s lhe on~on~ eorl lo asserl lhe vlaly
o archleclure aler lerrlory. l s aso an nvesl~alon
o lhe neans necessary or archleclura conceplon and
produclon n cyberspace. For lhe Tdsva~ o exhblon n
Sweden, lhs exporalon has laken lhe orn o a seres o
clywords conslrucled or lhe prereease verson o lhe
Webspace lhreednensona web browser. These words are
now avaabe on lhe nel. n varous ~uses, lhese 'words n
pro~ress' each expore a derenl acel o vrlualy.
Words are porlas. Woven lhrou~h lhe words are severa
webs o nonnear narralve. Words suspended n space,
al derenl scaes and orenlalons, acl as porlas lo olher
words. 0ne sel o words conssls o lhe nanes o presenl
or hslorca cles lhal have been lhe sles o dsasler and
deslruclon: obe, kwl, 0kahona Cly, Waco, Eerul,
Sara|evo, Moslar, Johanessbur~, Sowelo, Carlha~e.../nolher
sel conssls o rennders o whal hunanly woud ralher
escape: pa~ue, pan, lorlure, vrus, carna~e, rclon... / lhrd
uses ony senlence ra~nenls, preceded and oowed by
epses, such as:
...||s occv... ...|e necess|v c| vc|cs... ...o|e| e|||c|v...
...vc: |n|oo| |e| |eo|scooes... ...||omens c| sc||es... ...|e oskec ooc: vc:...
...|cme.c||c... ...|o:|e|. oo|n... ...:o|oce mv |cve...
...o mo|| c| c:es|cns... ...o|cken |oss... ...nc |ccm...
...|e necess|v c| vc|cs... ...vc: ccc:ov mv v|s|cns... ...cc||oos|n...
...cen|||:e... ...kcm|E|Z... ...soecoc|e...
Ths lhrd syslen aways eads lo a dslrbulon node,
a word unke lhe resl. The dslrbulor word s a uy
spalazed poen conssln~ anosl enlrey o lexl, arrayed
n lhree dnensona space. Every senlence ra~nenl n lhs
space s a nk back nlo lhe clywords. Ey crealn~ a ed
o lexl ra~nenls lhal lhe vslor can nav~ale lhrou~h, a
new orn o poen s nvenled: a spala poen, characlerzed
by shln~ realonshps belween lhe ore~round and
back~round words, belween lhe words lhal calch lhe
~hl and lhe ones lhal dsappear n dark o~. /s lhe vslor
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lraves lhrou~h lhs poen an nnle nunber o poens shl
snoolhy pasl one anolher, each phrase an enlry lo anolher
word. The sow rolalon o lhe lexl deslabzes lhe vewer,
crealn~ lhe necessly lo elher nove lo keep lhe words n any
parlcuar con~uralon, or yed lo lhe chan~e and reread lhe
kaedoscopc wordpay.
7|e o|c||ec:|e c| cvoe|sooce c||e|s |e cooc|:n|v c menc
|e |:o:|e oe.een |c. .e knc. |e .c||c onc |c. .e
ccnce|ve onc eec:e o|c||ec:|e
Locked wlhn lhe deepesl recesses o each clyword
are nodes o 'rclon', paces where lhe vslor s conronled
wlh screens dspayn~ na~es lhal have been ~alhered on
lhe nel, bul lhal recoecl realy oulsde cyberspace. These
na~es are olen realed lo lhe nanes o lhe cles, bul n
ways lhal are nol drecly apparenl. Palher, lhe conslruclon
o neann~ renans lhe responsbly o lhe vslor, who
nusl nle~rale lhe overa sense o pace o each word wlh
lhe sequences o nanes o paces, keywords, and senlence
ra~nenls encounlered.
The des~n o lhe shapes one encounlers n lhese words
s based on an anao~y lo sound synlhess, exlended lo
ncude lhree dnensona orn. Tnbre, lhe characler o a
sound, s nol ~ven by lhe undanenla requency o a sound,
bul by lhe slruclure, proporlon, and onsel pallern o lhe
overlones, or nulpes, o lhal requency. we vsuaze
lhe undanenla requency as a wave, lhe characler o lhe
sound s ~ven by lhe perlurbalons caused by lhe addlon
or sublraclon o subordnale waves o h~her requency bul
esser anplude.
Even lhou~h we know lhal sound propa~ales sphercay,
we nornay lhnk o l as an undualn~ ne, represenln~
ar pressure, novn~ orward n lne. We can |usl as we
represenl l as an undualn~ surace, ke lhe surace o a
qud, or as a sod bock o pressure or densly vaues. Lel
use assune lhal a snpe shape, a cube or a sphere, perhaps,
corresponds lo a snpe sne wave. We know lhal by addn~
perlurbalons lo lhe sne wave, we can produce a rcher
sound: lhe sane s lrue or our snpe shape. The dea o a
undanenla unclon wlh perlurbalons carres we nlo
olher dnensons.
/ssunn~ lhal lhe undanenla ~ure o archleclure
s lhe donan, represenled n lwo dnensons by a boundary
conlour o an arblrary chosen vaue, and n lhree by a
boundary sosurace, we can search or unclons lhal
produce snpe ~ures, and lhal can ready be nodualed
by successve perlurbalons al h~her requences. /ppyn~
lhe perlurbalons condlonay ensures a h~h de~ree o
conlro. Such a conceplon o archleclura space has lhe
advanla~e o ben~ exlreney conpacl: a sn~e nalhenalca
expresson can be expanded lo becone a uy orned
chanber, al whalever resoulon lhe avaabe resources
pernl. /ddn~ a lenpora dnenson s as drecl as addn~
anolher paraneler lo lhe expresson, and lhe expresson
lse arlcuales lhe ~enelc slruclure o lhe chanber,
nakn~ evdenl lhe oc o nlervenlon or lhe ~eneralve
or ~enelc a~orlhn lhal delernnes lhe ~rowlh o lhe
archleclura arlacl over nany ~eneralons. /nd, o course,
l s ennenly lransnssbe. Whe nosl currenl lhree
dnensona browsers do nol yel supporl lhe lransnsson o
execulabe appcalons, appels, aon~ wlh dala, exceplons
do exsl, and lhal unclonaly w soon be slandard. l w
nol be on~ beore orn oows lhe unclons o clon.
/c|cs o|e oc|o|s. /cven ||c:| |e .c||cs o|e seve|o| .eos
c| ncn||neo| no||o|ve. /c|cs s:soencec |n sooce. o c|||e|en
sco|es onc c||eno|cns. oc os oc|o|s c c|e| .c||cs
0he Zero: The Trahsphysical Cily
Dscussons o lhe realonshp o lhe aclua lo lhe vrlua
lend lo poarze even nore rapdy lhan dscussons o
noraly, polcs, or ~ender. Pennanl o our predalor
prey days, an excusonary elheror nenlaly nakes nore
delaed consderalons dcul. n consdern~ lhe urban
npcalons o a lransnssbe archleclure, we w have lo
sel asde bnary opposlons and eslabsh conlnua belween
exlrenes lhal nay we wrap around lo neel al lher nosl
dslanl ends.
The lransphysca cly w be be suused wlh
nle~ence. Sensors and eeclors w be ubqulous and w
be nked everywhere wlh nornalon ulles as connon as
runnn~ waler. How can we be~n lo envson such a cly?
The proben o lhe des~n o 'nle~enl envronnenls'
can be nslruclve. Each lern, and lher realonshps, can be
repaced by 'lupes'. 'nle~ence' can be repaced by Howard
Cardner's seven lypes o nle~ence: . 'Envronnenls' can
be seen lo be o al easl lhree lypes: . The oc o appcalon
o nle~ence lo envronnenls can aso be sled: . we
nap lhese lupes onlo a coordnale syslen, we creale
a space o possbly or whal nle~enl envronnenls
n~hl nean, whal pro|ecls n~hl be underlaken and whal
dreclons expored. Whal s lhe body nle~ence o a vrlua
envronnenl? How s nlrapersona nle~ence exhbled by
a hybrd envronnenl? How can lechnoo~cay au~nenled
nlrapersona 'nle~ence' enhance an aclua envronnenl?
0nce we have underslood sone o lhe ealures o lhs space,
we can add dnensons. Whal s lhe ran~e o urbansn?
There s no queslon lhal urbansn as we know l w be
alered, lhal our cles w becone our nleraces lo lhe nel,
lhal we w reay be abe lo 'reach oul and louch soneone'
across lhe panel and as ar as our lransnssons w aow.
/s nporlanl as lhe underslandn~ o lhose chan~es w
be, we nusl nol or~el lo see lhe ar~er chan~e: a new,
nonoca urbansn s n lhe nakn~. Ths new urbansn,
lransurbansn, reed ron a xed ~eonelry, w have lo draw
upon sel lheory and lhe physcs o a quanlun unverse. /s
dslanl as lhs nay appear ron lhe cly as we know l, lhe
lransphysca cly w nol be lhe poslphysca cly. /s lhe
prex lrans~ npes, l w be al once a lransnulalon and
a lrans~resson o lhe known, bul l w aso sland aon~sde
and be nlerwoven nlo lhal very nalrx.
Fulurismo & Fulurismi
n lhe decade lhal has passed snce lhe Fulursno &
Fulursn exhblon n lhe Paazo Crass n \ence, lhe
reevance o Fulursn lo our experence wlh lechnoo~y
has becone ncreasn~y cear. l s pany evdenl lhal
lhe condlons we have crealed w brn~ aboul ar deeper
chan~es lhan lhe ones lhal ueed eary nodernsn . Sl, lhe
paraes are slron~, and l s worlh consdern~ lhen brey.
0 lhe varous ways n whch lhe ulursls saw
snulanely and dynansn, nberlo Eoccon's was perhaps
lhe nosl prescenl and appcabe lo lhe condlons we
are acn~. Crlca o Eaa's lera depclon o orns n
nolon, Eoccon sou~hl lo caplure a sense o lne lhal was
npcl n ben~. Lke Eer~son's nolon o 'duralon' as lhe
prncpe annaln~ lhe passa~e lhrou~h lne ralher lhan lhe
parlcuar orn al a ~ven nslanl, Eoccon's work observed
lhe eessness o a orn arresled ron nolon n a sn~e
nslanl, and crealed orns lhal were condensed records o
lher own beconn~, pasl and ulure bolh ben~ conlaned
n lhe veclor o lhe presenl. l s perhaps nol loo surpsn~
lhal Eoccon's sense o and Deeuze's lnena~e woud
bolh draw upon, and lhus be connecled by, Eer~son. Whal s
surprsn~ s lhal Deeuze and Eoccon, especay lhe aller's
nque Forn o Conlnuly n Space o ]9]3 and realed
works bolh anlcpale and can be expressed by lhe loos and
concepls o scenlc vsuazalon, especay sosuraces.
0ur surprse s ony lhe resul o our or~elln~; n hs
]9]3 Maneslo, Marnell s expcl:
....e s|c:|c eo|ess |e |n||n|e smo||ness |o s:||c:ncs
:s. |e |moe|ceo|o|e. |e |nv|s|o|e. |e o|o|cn c| ocms.
|e 5|c.n|on mcvemens. o|| |e ec||n |voc|eses onc
TechhoChro
June ?9lh J
/rchleclure
Prolegom
oh "lalehe
il is impos
l's never
beon~ lo
~uaranlee
sna rac
requres ~
a subslan
beconn~
lhs: one s
lhnks, n
Trahsmill
When wr
Cly" n ]9
lhal coud
was qu
lransnss
nexl slep
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and novn
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0n lhe
Word
?009 M
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oe||s

The w
lhe rse o
ReIerehces
Eer~son, H. C
Eer~son, H.
Deeuze, C. C
Mnnesola P
Deeuze, C. C
Press ]989.
Hayn, F. Th
Zone Eooks,
Hulen, P. E
Janner, M.
3rd Enar~ed
aku, M. Hyp
Warps, and l
aunan, S
Evoulon. e
Pero, M. T
o Puplure, C
Wo, P.S. a
Sprn~er\er
IDEA NEWS SPRING 2010 27 ESSAYS
detailed considerations difficult. In considering the urban
implications of a transmissible architecture, we will have to
set aside binary oppositions and establish continua between
extremes that may well wrap around to meet at their most
distant ends.
The transphysical city will be be suffused with
intelligence. Sensors and effectors will be ubiquitous and will
be linked everywhere with information utilities as common as
running water. How can we begin to envision such a city?
The problem of the design of intelligent environments
can be instructive. Each term, and their relationships, can be
replaced by tuples. Intelligence can be replaced by Howard
Gardners seven types of intelligence: . Environments can
be seen to be of at least three types: . The loci of application
of intelligence to environments can also be listed: . If we
map these tuples onto a coordinate system, we create
a space of possibility for what intelligent environments
might mean, what projects might be undertaken and what
directions explored. What is the bodily intelligence of a virtual
environment? How is intrapersonal intelligence exhibited by
a hybrid environment? How can technologically augmented
intrapersonal intelligence enhance an actual environment?
Once we have understood some of the features of this space,
we can add dimensions. What is the range of urbanism?
There is no question that urbanism as we know it will be
altered, that our cities will become our interfaces to the net,
that we will really be able to reach out and touch someone
across the planet and as far as our transmissions will allow.
As important as the understanding of those changes will
be, we must not forget to see the larger change: a new,
nonlocal urbanism is in the making. This new urbanism,
transurbanism, freed from a fixed geometry, will have to draw
upon set theory and the physics of a quantum universe. As
distant as this may appear from the city as we know it, the
transphysical city will not be the postphysical city. As the
prefix trans~ implies, it will be at once a transmutation and
a transgression of the known, but it will also stand alongside
and be interwoven into that very matrix.
Futurismo & Futurismi
In the decade that has passed since the Futurismo &
Futurismi exhibition in the Pallazo Grassi in Venice, the
relevance of Futurism to our experience with technology
has become increasingly clear. It is plainly evident that
the conditions we have created will bring about far deeper
changes than the ones that fueled early modernism . Still, the
parallels are strong, and it is worth considering them briefly.
Of the various ways in which the futurists saw
simultaneity and dynamism, Umberto Boccionis was perhaps
the most prescient and applicable to the conditions we
are facing. Critical of Ballas literal depiction of forms in
motion, Boccioni sought to capture a sense of time that was
implicit in being. Like Bergsons notion of duration as the
principle animating the passage through time rather than the
particular form at a given instant, Boccionis work observed
the lifelessness of a form arrested from motion in a single
instant, and created forms that were condensed records of
their own becoming, past and future both being contained
in the vector of the present. It is perhaps not too surpising
that Boccionis sense of and Deleuzes time-image would
both draw upon, and thus be connected by, Bergson. What is
surprising is that Deleuze and Boccioni, especially the latters
Unique Form of Continuity in Space of 1913 and related
works both anticipate and can be expressed by the tools and
concepts of scientific visualization, especially isosurfaces.
Our surprise is only the result of our forgetting; in his
1913 Manifesto, Marinetti is explicit:
...we should express the infinite smallness that surrounds
us, the imperceptible, the invisible, the agitation of atoms,
the Brownian movements, all the exciting hypotheses and
TechnoChronology Update
June 29th-July 3rd, 2008: The XXIII UIA World Congress of
Architecture takes place in Torino. Its theme: Transmitting Architecture.
Prolegomenon (in Response to Peter Eisenmans comments
on lateness and on how this is a late period within which
it is impossible to be early.)
Its never too late to be early, but to be early, one must first
belong to ones time. Being born in a certain period does not
guarantee this. Most people live in the past (in all but some
small fractions of their lives, if that). Becoming contemporary
requires great discipline and extended effort, not to mention
a substantial amount of good fortune. Once one has achieved
becoming contemporary, though, being early simply means
this: one stands firmly at the present, faces forward, sees,
thinks, imagines, and leaps as far into the future as possible.
Transmitting Architecture Revisited
When I wrote Transmitting Architecture: The Transphysical
City in 1995, the consideration of Architecture as something
that could be transmitted literally, not just metaphorically
was quite unheard of. The essay proposed that the
transmission of Architecture needed to be seen as the
next step in the evolution of the mediated transmission of
meaning, beginning with sign, symbol, text, sound, image,
and moving-image into all aspects of lived-in Architecture
(space, place, form, shape, structure, inhabitation, urban
Transmitting Architecture Revisited:
On the Occasion of the XXIII UIA
World Congress, 2008
2009 Marcos Novak
all the domains explored by the high-powered microscope.
To explain: I want to introduce the infinite molecular
life into poetry not as a scientific document but as an
intuitive element. It should mix, in the work of art, with
the infinitely great spectacles and dramas, because this
fusion constitutes the integral synthesis of life.
Here and there, sick lamplight through window glass
taught us to distrust the deceitful mathematics of our
perishing eye.

The wings and propellers of the Futurists were severed by
the rise of Fascism. Marinettis words cut both ways.
References
Bergson, H. Creative Evolution. New York: H. Holt and Company, 1911.
Bergson, H. Matter and memory. New York : Zone Books, 1988.
Deleuze, G. Cinema1: The Movement Image. Minneapolis: The University of
Minnesota Press 1986.
Deleuze, G. Cinema2: The Time Image. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota
Press 1989.
Hallyn, F. The Poetic Structure of the World: Copernicus and Kepler. New York:
Zone Books, 1993.
Hulten, P. (Ed.). Futurismo & Futurismi, New York: Abbeville Press, 1986.
Jammer, M. Concepts of Space: The History and Theories of Space in Physics,
3rd Enlarged Edition. New York, Dover Publications, Inc. 1993.
Kaku, M. Hyperspace: A Scientific Odyssey Through Parallel Universes, Time
Warps, and the 10th Dimension, New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Kauffman, S.A. The Origins of Order: Seld-Organization And Selection In
Evolution. New York: Oxford University Press. 1993.
Perloff, M. The Futurist Moment: Avant-Garde, Avant Guerre, and the Language
of Rupture, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1986.
Wolff, R.S. and Yaeger, L. Visualization of Natural Phenomena. New York:
Springer-Verlag. 1993.
ecosystem, and so on), but also as abstract n-dimensional
information structure, (allo)genetic code, and mechanism
for morphogenetic development, and that this transmission
itself, and the changed sense of space that it implied, needed
to be understood as an inherently architectonic problem and
opportunity. At the time, putting the word transmitting
next to the word architecture was madness itself, just
as phrasing liquid architectures had been before it. And
yet, like liquid architectures it was a prescient idea. Over
the intervening years, as evidence has mounted that this
conjunction is necessary, and, in fact, is indeed the case
whether we, as architects or as citizens, choose to see it or
ignore it, the influence of this idea has continued to grow,
until now, thirteen years later, it has arrived as the theme of
the a major world congress of Architecture, organized by one
of its most august bodies, the UIA (Union Internationale des
Architectes), counting, as the ubiquitous Wikipedia tells us,
over a million members in 113 countries.
Transmisson accomplished.
From Zero
My interest in pointing out this the connection between
this UIA World Congress in Turin and my 1995 essay is not
primarily historical, at least not in any narrow sense. The
argument of the essay remains relevant to this day, its
propositions remain strong and valid, and there is much it
discusses that has yet to unfold and many ideas in it that
it will take years to unravel. It is being republished on the
occasion of this World Congress, and the reader is urged to
read it as it stands. In the spirit of the original essay itself, my
preoccupation is with the future and how we make it happen
by pushing strongly against the present, and my motivation is
to take this opportunity to propel the essay forward into the
next few decades. What might be added to what the essay
argues for?
The title of the essay was prescient. The essays equally
prescient reference to Futurism also bears noting: it is
remarkable that the essay anticipates such a connection,
and that, indeed, the UIAWC is taking place in Torino, the city
where, in 1910, 98 years ago, Futurism was launched. The
claim of the essay is that we are living through changes that
make the changes the Futurists were reacting to seem as if
moving in slow motion. This was evident well before 1995,
and is only more plainly visible today, and must be taken even
more seriously today. It is in the nature of exponential change
that we will always tend to underestimate it. To do so is a
perilous mistake. The optimism of the Futurists was followed
by two world wars that even they did not foresee. Global
warming is the global warning that, by extrapolating linearly in
the face of exponential change, we wait too long and react too
weakly. This was true one hundred years ago and is far more
true today. As Marinetti (whom the essay quotes) stated,
we must learn to distrust our antiquated linear thinking and
improve our eyesight when it comes to anticipating the future:
Here and there, sick lamplight through window glass taught
us to distrust the deceitful mathematics of our perishing eyes.

Zero Now
Often in the not-so-linear history of culture a solution is
invented before a problem is recognized. When the essay
was written, the most easily understandable context for
Transmitting Architecture was that of telepresence and the
inhabitation of virtual environments. At that time, virtuality
was intriguing, as it will continue to be for a long time to come.
Now, however, with the growing recognition of globalization
and global warming, two sides of the same vast coin, and
the calculation of the carbon footprint of manufacture
and transport, and everything else besides, Transmitting
Architecture has also become a global imperative demanding
a global architectural response.
: USC 1004091 1
Green
K 175 L/S K-45/Gray-45/Green-45
Gray
DE/ EWS ?8 SPPC ?0 ESS//S
FACULTY
Descenc|n
des~ned
archleclu
Croup's D
/rchlecls
Slandard
Honorabe
Land Trus
sponsors
/ssslanl
Ph.D. has
Schoarsh
al SC, o
Eo~ola: F
/ssslanl
hs a Eo
Erelesch
exannal
n Decenb
Caorna
Fa ?0]0
Lake enll
Faculy D
?0]0 P/D
99. Hs c|
produclo
Fnay, n
The Typo
Press. l s
drawn~s
~raphc an
archleclu
/ssocale
Dreclor o
ennelh E
Socely o
Leclurer M
Hoyn o l
SC Fund
vdeo pro|
lhe Shan~
eclure lo
/rchleclu
Leclurer /
/ars Co
\ara~os
The Mohn
or Soulhe
Pasadena
o lhe /rls
/rchlecl
n Februa
Feowsh
hs rn C
ron bolh
Los /n~e
Hoywood
The Cans
Loyd Wr~
was one o
house lou
New Sleps
How has lhe word chan~ed n lhe lhrleen years lhal
have eapsed belween lhe or~na pubcalon dale o
Transnlln~ /rchleclure" n ]99o and lhe / Word
Con~ress o ?008? For sone answers, we can ook lo lhe
h~h end, lo lhe ~oba slale o our knowed~e, or lo lhe ow,
our ~oba vernacuar experence, or lo lhe brd~e belween
lhe lwo, our ~oba lechnoo~ca bass. The concusons are
renarkaby con~ruenl.
n ]99o, lhe Word Wde Web was sl a novely. ow,
l s lhe scaod and nap or neary a our underlakn~s.
The 0|coo| Pcs||cn|n Svsem was lhen nascenl, and s now
prevaenl. The |:mon 0encme P|cec was a be~nnn~, nol
an acconpshnenl. |||| unclona na~nelc resonance
na~n~) had nol yel aowed us lo nap lhe workn~s o lhe
bran. There were no rovers on Mars, no Coss|n||:vens
spacecral orbln~ Salurn. There were no 0cc|e, /|k|oec|o,
)c:7:oe, no lruy wdespread soca nelworks, no donnanl
narkels or downoadabe neda, no onne words. There had
been no revoulon n conpulerconlroed abrcalon, no
7|ons/|c||ec:|es synposa and exhblons, no /|c|||oo, no
|cnSonco|c /|c||ec:|e evenls. The conpulers wlh whch
we connecled lo everylhn~ dd nol yel l nlo lhe pans o our
hands. Teephones dd nol have 0PS chps and 3D ~raphcs
acceeralors and acceeronelers and caneras. The dspersa
o nhablalon nlo a ne~ran powder was a lheorelca
possbly, nol a ved acl. These lhn~s have a now cone lo
pass.
/l lhe sane lne, whe lhe word's nornalon s
now nore nlerconnecled lhan ever beore, we are nore
dsconnecled and hed wder aparl by aenalon and ear and
lerror. /nd yel, even lhese ancenl enenes advanced n lher
use o lransnsson: rend and oe ake ssue lher nessa~es
over lhe sane nelworks, enpoy snar slrale~es, enpoy
lechnques o asynnelry, ndreclon, and dspersa. Poless
drones, robol warrors, and snarl weapons conslanly
lransnl, receve, and coordnale updaled nornalon
aboul lhe space lhey are n. Sady, lhey are nore eeclve
al nlerconnuncaln~ lhan nany o lhe nelworks we have
lo dea wlh dsease, dsasler, oppresson, poverly, and
slarvalon.
/s Pau \ro once ponled oul lo ne, an an oplnsl.
beeve lhal n lhe ace o undenabe probens, crealve
oplnsn s an elhca responsbly. Those o us who
en|oy lhe ~ls o reedon and laenl nusl slrve lo end our
crlcsns and conpanls wlh asserlons and proposas or
how lo nprove lhe word.
...
n preparn~ lhs shorl updale lo lhe essay, revewed a lhe
obe Przes lhal had awarded belween ]99o and ?008, as
we as nany olher such epslenoo~ca re~slers."
To be~n wlh, n ]99o, lhe obe Prze or Medcne was
shared anon~ lhe researchers upon whose work noecuar
and deveopnenla ~enelcs now slands. Thal sane year,
]99o, lhe obe Prze or Chenslry wenl lo researchers
sludyn~ ozone depelon as a resul o chorouorocarbons.
/ year aler, n ]996, lhe Chenslry obe Prze wenl lo lhe
dscovery o bucknnsleruerene. /ear by year, dslncl
pallerns becone ceary vsbe: lhe envronnenl and
~oba warnn~, noecuar boo~y and nanolechnoo~y,
deveopnenla boo~y, neurophysoo~y and na~nelc
resonance na~n~, superconduclvly, conducln~ poyners
and new naleras, lhe econoncs o ~obazalon and
asynnelrca nornalon, lhe physcs o neulrnos or lhe E~
Ean~, lhese are lhe lopcs lhal orn our coeclve advances n
how we know lhe word.
The paslcly o lhe word s cearer lo us now, and
we are nakn~ rapd slrdes n exercsn~ our conlro over
l al undanenla eves. The scope s brealhlakn~, bul
l a hn~es on a snpe prncpe: our conlro o lhe very
sna. Des~nn~ lhe very sna neans des~nn~ lhe
very nany, whch, n lurn, requres nassve coordnalon,
connuncalon, and eedback n olher words, lhe neans
or lransnlln~ archleclure" nol ony as slalc shape or
oulcone bul especay as ne~ran aclve nechansn
and dynanc prncpe.
Transnlln~ /rchleclure" has evoved. , n ]99o l
was underslood lo nean usn~ arlca a~orlhns lo creale
arlca words, n ?008 l neans nakn~ use o lhe nalura
a~orlhns lhal are aready acln~ drecly n lhe word
poynerase chan reaclon, or nslance), ben~ snarler,
nore baanced, nore exbe, and nore robusl. l neans
ben~ ecosyslenalc n harnessn~ processes lhal aready
exsl, and earnn~ how lo becone nore poweru by ben~
ess orceu. l neans lhal whal s lo be lransnlled nusl be
nore ke a requesl or proposas and coaboralons anon~
peers lhan ke an ulnalun ssued anon~ unequas.
Morpho~enelc deveopnenl lhe nany processes by
whch we ~o ron ben~ a sn~e ce lo beconn~ a conpex
or~ansn, s sl lhe suprene exanpe or whal we need
lo acconpsh. D/ lransnls our archleclure bul nol
ke a nessa~e shouled nlo lhe vod. / baanced nlerna
ecosyslen s aready presupposed, and lhe nessa~e lse s
~ven n waves o chenolaclc ~radenls, sequenced n space
and lne ke a nusca or~anzalon o c:o||o quales
whose nlererence pallerns leray orn our nbs and
or~ans, our brans and nnds and lhou~hls. How lo operale
lhs way s whal we need lo earn, bolh or our praclces and
or our underslandn~ or whal lhe nalera word s capabe o
provdn~ or us.
Transnlln~ /rchleclure" n ?008 s an aoy o
nessa~e, nnd, and nalera. l s a slep loward budn~
an ndnensona lransver~enl and lransnoda conlnuun
lhal s se assenbn~ and se cabraln~, an arlca
eorn lhal s bolh or~ansn and envronnenl and lhal
spans lhe nner and lhe ouler, lhe aclua and lhe vrlua,
lhe vsbe and lhe nvsbe. ca lhs lransver~ence and
specalon." Fredrch eser caed lhs correasn" and
spoke o lhe endess house" bul hs drawn~s ceary lrace
lhe conneclons belween nner and ouler words and show
lhal he neanl nuch nore lhan ashonabe curved shapes
bul, by whchever nane one chooses, lhe nlulon s lhe
sane: everylhn~ s connecled; everylhn~ s connuncaln~;
everylhn~ s lransnlln~; and everylhn~ s recevn~, even
when l s nol slenn~.
/oEo," ny pro|ecl or lhe ?00~ \ence Eennae caed
or an archleclure lhal s ~rown, nol bul. /oEran,"
ny pro|ecl or lhe CSE /oSphere, conssls o vrlua
envronnenls crealed usn~ MP dala ron ny own bran
n aclon. Turbuenl Topoo~es," ny currenl exhblon n
slanbu, conlans bolh lransnlledabrcaled pece and
a ar~e nvsbe archleclurenvsbe scuplure" work
lhal s crealed usn~ nolon lrackn~ lechnoo~es and lhal
updales ny prevous work n \enna, 0reans, lhe ?000
\ence Eennae, and lhe nslaalon al lhe Paazzo Dee
Papesse n Sena. These are nol separale pro|ecls, lhey are
lhe nelhodca budn~ o lhs |onsve|en and |onsm|ss|o|e
vn~ archleclure. Llle by lle, lhe peces are a an~ nlo
pace.
n lhe end, lhere s no hard derence belween nalure
and arlce. / nalure s nechansn, arlce o a very h~h
order, and a hunan arlce s as nalura as l s or us lo be
hunan. The derence s one o de~ree unke us, nalure has
nnle resources, and nnle palence. We are chdren n ls
pay~round. We have nuch lo earn.

l's never loo ale lo be eary.
DE/ EWS SPPC ?0]0 ?9 EWS
FACULTY NEWS
House F0CH), lhe lour oowed a eclure on Loyd Wr~hl
by Dana Hull al /rl Cenler Coe~e o Des~n. n addlon,
Pe|||o |e.s, a ?3unl subdvson des~ned by Mr. Corsn's
rn Corsn Slark /rchlecls, w be conpeled n June. The
expernenla des~n s a hybrd o rowhouse and courlyard
lypes wlhn a news or~anzalon. Corsn Slark /rchlecls
aso recenly conpeled a nasler pan or Soulhweslern Law
Schoo.
/ssslanl Proessor John Enr~hl, // and hs rn, Crn
Enr~hl /rchlecls, receved lwo nalona awards lhs sprn~:
a ?0]0 alona // Sna Pro|ecl /ward o Merl or lhe
(/|ce: 5onc |cmoc|c Co|e n Los /n~ees, and a P/D/ ?0]0
Merl /ward or |c||v.ccc ||||s |es|cence n lhe Penovalon
cale~ory o lhe ]]lh annua |es|cen|o| /|c||ec Des~n
/wards pro~ran. Proessor Enr~hl receved a ?009 alona
Counc o /rchleclura Pe~slralon Eoards C/PE) Cranl
or lhe nle~ralon o Praclce and Educalon n lhe /cadeny.
The ~ranl s undn~ vsln~ Eudn~ nornalon Moden~
EM) experls n lhe /rch o?6 Proessona Praclce currcuun
cass lhs sprn~ and up~radn~ lhe Cpper Lab wlh a d~la
pro|eclor and screen. Fnay, Proessor Enr~hl s pannn~
an exhblon o hs research on onrad Wachsnann or lhe
sprn~ o ?0]].
Descenc|n Cc:|vo|c |c:se, a sn~e any resdence
des~ned by Leclurer Pc /branson's rn WorkPays sludo
archleclure, was recenly pubshed n na~es Pubshn~
Croup's Delas n /rchleclure: Crealve Delan~ by Leadn~
/rchlecls, edled by /ndrew Ha.
Slandard, lhe rn o Leclurer Jerey /sbrook, receved an
Honorabe Menlon n February ron Suburban /lernalves
Land Trusl S/LT) and orlhbay Fany Hones FH),
sponsors o lhe Caorna Senor Housn~ Des~n Conpellon.
/ssslanl Proessor o Landscape /rchleclure Pache Eerney,
Ph.D. has been awarded a $?o,000 ~ranl ron lhe /dvancn~
Schoarshp n lhe Hunanles and Soca Scences nlalve
al SC, or research realed lo her pro|ecl Learnn~ ron
Eo~ola: Fron Dyslopa lo Word Cass Cly."
/ssslanl Proessor Ca Peler Eorden, // relurned ron
hs a Eorchard Foundalon Pesdency al lhe Chleau de a
Erelesch n France n January. Hs work lhere nvoved lhe
exannalon o moe||e| oo||on n lhe archleclure o Ledoux.
n Decenber ?009, Proessor Eorden receved a Soulhern
Caorna Deveopnenl Forun SCDF) des~n award or hs
Fa ?0]0 nslaalon al Maleras & /ppcalons n Sver
Lake enlled ||| ||omes. He aso receved a ?0]0 /CS/
Faculy Des~n /ward or hs (:oe||ence mec|on|sms and a
?0]0 P/D/ |es|cen|o| /|c||ec Merl /ward or hs |c:se
99. Hs c|o|| occkcose occkcose c|o|| was pul nlo nass
produclon and s avaabe or purchase al /anko Des~n.
Fnay, n March, hs on~awaled book Malera Precedenl:
The Typoo~y o Modern Tecloncs was reeased by Wey
Press. l s an anaylca lexl nappn~ nore lhan 3000
drawn~s o ~8 case sludes n sx naleras. l presenls a
~raphc and lexlua anayss o naleras and lher npacl on
archleclure.
/ssocale Proessor o lhe Praclce o /rchleclure and
Dreclor o Craduale Pro~rans n Hslorc Preservalon
ennelh Eresch was eecled lhe second \ce Presdenl o lhe
Socely o /rchleclura Hslorans n /pr.
Leclurer Mna Chow, //, wlh /ssocale Proessor ornan
Hoyn o lhe SC Schoo o Cnenalc /rls, receved a ?0]0
SC Fund or nnovalve Teachn~ ~ranl lo produce a d~la
vdeo pro|ecl wlh archleclure sludenls n Sunner ?0]0 al
lhe Shan~ha Word Expo. n addlon, Ms. Chow devered a
eclure lo over 300 SoCa realors al Podeo Pealy enlled L/
/rchleclure cons & Hoywood Fns" on January ?9.
Leclurer /nne Chu, // was recenly apponled a Culura
/ars Connssoner by Cly o Los /n~ees Mayor /nlono
\ara~osa. Her rn Chu + Coodn~ /rchlecls conpeled
The Mohn Eroadcasl Cenler and The Craword Fany Forun
or Soulhern Caorna Pubc Pado PCC 89.3 FM) n
Pasadena. Chu + Coodn~ aso conpeled lhe Cuver Cenler
o lhe /rls or C Pversde, n coaboralon wlh Execulve
/rchlecl Harey Es Devereaux.
n February, Leclurer Chrslopher Coe, F// was eevaled lo
Feowshp n lhe /nercan nsllule o /rchlecls. n addlon,
hs rn C0E /rchleclure was honored wlh des~n awards
ron bolh lhe Caorna Preservalon Foundalon and lhe
Los /n~ees Conservancy or ls resloralon o lhe andnark
Hoywood Paadun.
The Cansbur~ House n La Canada Fnlrd~e, des~ned by
Loyd Wr~hl and renovaled by Leclurer Pchard Corsn, //
was one o lhree Loyd Wr~hl resdences showcased n a
house lour on May 8. 0r~anzed by The Frends o Canbe
S7JD) J| / D)|/||C S7|JC7J|E 5) |J||/D //C|S|/||
//L/TC DP/WC E/ J. EPCHT, M. CHE, D. LECP/D
n ?009, Harvard nversly's Craduale Schoo o Des~n
pubshed /ssslanl Proessor Davd Cerber's The Paranelrc
/ecl: Conpulalon, nnovalon and Modes or Des~n
Exporalon n Conlenporary /rchleclura Praclce. Proessor
Cerber eclured wdey on lhe lopcs o Paranelrc Des~n,
EM, and /EC Technoo~es and Des~n and Conpulalon,
ncudn~ as keynole speaker al lhe Tecnoo~co de Monlerrey
Lderes /cadencos conerence n Cuadaa|ara, Mexco n
Decenber ?009. He aso served as keynole speaker or lhe
Paranelrc Prololypes conerence and exhblon n `'an,
Chna n ovenber ?009 as we as or lhe Tecnoo~co de
Monlerrey's ]~lh /nnua /rchleclure Schoo's nlernalona
Con~ress n Monlerrey, Mexco n 0clober ?009. Proessor
Cerber aso aulhored lhe ealure arlce or lhe !c:|no| c|
5:||c|n |n|c|mo|cn |cce||n n Decenber ?009.
DSH, lhe rn o Leclurer Erc Haas, // receved a Merl
/ward ron |es|cen|o| /|c||ec, as we as a Preservalon
/ward ron lhe Los /n~ees Conservancy. The awards
reco~nzed lhe rn's rehablalon o P. M. Schnder's
Eubeshko /parlnenls n Sver Lake, whch lhe Los /n~ees
Conservancy descrbed as a rare exanpe o nulany
housn~ des~ned by P. M. Schnder...beauluy reslored on
a nodesl bud~el usn~ a h~hy senslve, reslraned, schoary
approach."
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: USC 1004091 1
Green
K 175 L/S K-45/Gray-45/Green-45
Gray
DE/ EWS 30 SPPC ?0 EWS
n January, Proessor John \. Mulow, F// was nvled lo be
a des~n |ury nenber n Washn~lon, D.C. or P/D/ ?0]0,
|es|cen|o| /|c||ec's nalona des~n awards pro~ran. l s
lhe ar~esl and nosl conpellve resdenla des~n awards
pro~ran n lhe counlry and receved over 9o0 subnssons
lhs year. ?9 pro|ecls were prenaled n ]~ cale~ores and w
appear n lhe MayJune ssue o lhe na~azne. n addlon,
Proessor Mulow's Scvo|| v|||o broke ~round n January. l s
a 3?unl, ~slory aordabe housn~ pro|ecl or ndependenl
senors ocaled soulh o Exposlon Park.
/d|uncl Proessor o Landscape /rchleclure Eob Perry
has |usl pubshed hs senna uslraled voune enlled
Landscape Panls or Caorna Cardens. Ths work
cunnales e~hl years o research, pholo~raphy, and wrln~
and s a 6o0pa~e ~ude covern~ nore lhan ?,]00 panls. 0ver
3,]00 coor pholo~raphs and ndvdua panl descrplons
provde a des~n proessonas wlh a rchy uslraled and
nornalona reerence. The book aso oulnes lhe waler
needs o each panl and provdes des~n sls and panln~
paelles based upon horlculura and aeslhelc conpalbly.

Proessor \clor Pe~ner, F// w dever lhe Hon~ on~
Housn~ Socely Dsln~ushed Leclure on Housn~ al lhe
nversly o Hon~ on~. Ths sprn~, he presenled hs
research al conerences n ew /ork and Wsconsn, and
parlcpaled n a Provosl 0ce sponsored synposun on
new lopcs n a~n~ research. / new ~ranl he has receved
w ocus on lhe deveopnenl o ~udenes or ndependenl
purpose bul edery housn~.
Leclurer /exander Pobnson has been seecled lo char
an experl advsory connllee on Des~n nnovalon or lhe
peerrevewed pubcalon |oncscooe !c:|no|, pubshed by
lhe nversly o Mnnesola. He w asssl wlh curaln~ and
revewn~ new work or lhe |ourna, advsn~ ls upconn~
noderaled web presence, and nenlorn~ youn~ aulhors n
lhe ed.
/d|uncl /ssocale Proessor Dors Sun~, // presenled
a paper, PeSknnn~ lhe /rslrean Traer: Sludo
nvesl~alons nlo Pesponsve Syslens" al lhe /CS/ /nnua
Meeln~ Proceedn~s n ew 0reans n March. n March
/pr, her /rnoured Corsel: Thernobnela Prololype"
was lhe ealured arlacl al lhe ?D3D exhblon nounled by
lhe L./. Forun Caery n Hoywood. Ths sprn~, Proessor
Sun~ receved a nversly Pesearch /ssocales
Pro~ran ~ranl as we as an /dvancn~ Schoarshp n lhe
Hunanles and Soca Scences nlalve ~ranl ron SC
lo urlher her research on sevenlaln~ budn~ skns.
She w nsla a lhernobnela canopy al lhe Maleras &
/ppcalons Caery n Sver Lake n Sprn~ ?0]].
Techenln Euckn~han /rchlecls, lhe rn o /d|uncl
/ssocale Proessor Warren Techenln, // receved an //
L/ Des~n Clalon /ward or ls |cn|cse |es|cence. The
pro|ecl was aso ealured n lhe |e. )c|k 7|mes 7 |ooz|ne n
/pr nk: hllp:lna~azne.bo~s.nylnes.con?0]00~?3
doneslclesoranarsexporerasoarsludo?hpw).
Proessor Techenln was nvled lo exhbl Po|oc|o|| .2 a
char des~ned n coaboralon wlh SC ~raduale sludenl
na Payan and Machne Hslores, usn~ d~la abrcalon
lechnques) n a show enlled Char or lhe Pa~e" al lhe
Cu~~enhen Caery al Chapnan nversly. The work o
Techenln Euckn~han /rchlecls appeared recenly n Coso
/m|co, |c|m, |e|coc||on |cme, 0|onc Des|ns, and /z:|e,
n addlon lo ben~ ncuded n lhe books Lvn~ Wesl and
Casas Peslauradas.
J0H \. MTL0W /PCHTECTS, S7Jv/|| v|||/
Leclurer Peylon Ha, F// was apponled one o ve nenbers
o lhe /dvsors Croup lo lhe nalona Hslorc Pesources
Connllee o lhe /nercan nsllule o /rchlecls, or lhe new
lern lhal be~an n January.
\sln~ /ssocale Proessor /ce nn, F// was eevaled lo
Feowshp n lhe /nercan nsllule o /rchlecls n February.
Her rn's des~n or lhe ?009 Cuesl o Honor Pavon al
lhe Cuadaa|ara nlernalona Eook Far was ealured n lhe
March ?0]0 ssue o |ne||c| Des|n. The rn's ||n |es|cence
was pubshed lhal sane nonlh n S:nse, as wnner o a
Weslern Hone /ward. Ths sprn~, Proessor nn devered
eclures on lhe currenl work o John Frednan /ce nn
/rchlecls al Woodbury nversly and lhe nversly o
0re~on.
0n March ]9, \sln~ Proessor e Leach devered a
eclure on D~la Cles" al lhe SnarlCeonelry conerence
n Earceona, Span. Laler lhs year, he w cocurale lhe
Ee|n~ Eenna wlh `u WeCuo. SC w be represenled n
lhe sludenl seclon. Wlh \sln~ Proessor Poand Snooks,
Proessor Leach w aso curale an exhblon n Shan~ha
caed Swarn nle~ence: /rchleclures o Mul/~enl
Syslens," whch w open on Juy ]~. n addlon, wlh
Proessor /nne Easano o SC's Schoo o Cnenalc /rls,
he has been awarded a \sons and \oces ~ranl lo or~anze
an evenn~ evenl lled Throu~h lhe Lookn~ Cass: Fanlasy
n /rchleclure and Fn." Fnay, wlh Proessor Eerok
hoshnevs o SC's \lerb Schoo o En~neern~, Proessor
Leach has pubshed a coaulhored arlce enlled Conlour
Craln~: / Pevoulon n Concrele Conslruclon" n Papds:
Layered Fabrcalon Technoo~es or Facades and Eudn~
Conslruclon, pubshed by 0]0 Pubshers o Pollerdan.

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DLP Crou
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/rchlecl
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nenlorsh
5e|ov|c|o
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//, E./rc
Cannon D
lhe arlce
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The Celly
Soulhern
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Celly Cen
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rse s l
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Chrslne
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and Des~
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and
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essor
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l and

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0ihgyuh Ma
Dean
SC Schoo o /rchleclure
and Dea and Harry MacDonad
Dean's Char n /rchleclure
Amy Murphy
\ce Dean
SC Schoo o /rchleclure
Alice Kimm
Edlor
Kay Chahg
/ssslanl Edlor
Desigh
/ndy Codnan
2009-10
Publicaliohs Commillee
John Enr~hl
Jane ~er
/ce nn
/ny Murphy
/nna enark
Jenner Park
/dan Snlh
Janes Sleee
Pau Tan~
Sewyn Tn~
Special Thahks
Sueen Marlensson
Mare Tran
Lz Ponero
/exandra Hypole
DWS s pubshed bannuay by lhe 0ce o lhe Dean o lhe SC Schoo o
/rchleclure. Connenls and queres can be senl lo archpubsusc.edu. Funds
or lhs pubcalon were ~enerousy provded by lhe Wan E. Eurock Fany
Endownenl or Pubcalon.
Dou~ Eracken, E./rch. ]990 s Presdenl and Parlner o
Wenann Melacral o Tusa, 0kahona, whch has noved
and expanded ls produclon acles and oces aler o3
years n one ocalon. Founded n ]9~0, lhe rn now occupes
over 6o,000 s o produclon space n Tusa. The conpany
des~ns, abrcales, and nslas ne cuslon ornanenla
nelawork a over lhe word. /ddlonay, n ?009 Wenann
Melacral added lhe Herla~e Casl ron S/ ne lo ls
busness. Herla~e Casl ron suppes ney craled casl ron
ences, ~ales, and ran~s.
Chrslopher Dabey, E./rch. ]999 s a nenber o lhe
nau~ura cass, nunbern~ 60, o lhe C, rvne Schoo o
Law.
/boullo~raduale archleclure sludenl Tayor Donsker,
E./rch. ?0]0 recenly conpeled a pro|ecl or nusc
pubshn~ conpany Scns P:o||s||n on lhe corner o
Merose and La Erea n Los /n~ees. The ],300 s oce bud
oul was conslrucled or $?0,000.
/ndrea Cohen Cehrn~, F//, E./rch. ]98o and DLP Croup
WWC0T announce lhal WWC0T has |oned DLP Croup. The
ner~er enhances DLP Croup's ]? and h~her educalon
praclces. WWC0T adds healhcare and cvc seclors lo DLP
Croup and enhances lhe rn's nlerors and nasler pannn~
servces. Ms. Cehrn~ has assuned lhe lle o Prncpa o
DLP Croup WWC0T.
Ca Cranol, //, E./rch. ]99? s lhe ew Mexco // /oun~
/rchlecl Forun //F) Char. n ?009 and ?0]0 she aunched
lwo nenlorshp pro~rans. The rsl ncudes //F's and M
// Feows, whe lhe second nvoves //F's nenlorshp o
lhe nversly o ew Mexco's Schoo o /rchleclure and
Pannn~ sludenls. Ms. Cranol has been asked lo subnl an
arlce or lhe // //F alona newseller on bolh o lhese
nenlorshp pro~rans.
5e|ov|c|o| |eo||co|e, a nalonay reco~nzed nenla healh
perodca, recenly pubshed an arlce by Car Hanpson,
//, E./rch. ]990, \ce Presdenl and Des~n Leader wlh
Cannon Des~n. Enlled / ew Pan or Palenls n Crss,"
lhe arlce ealures lhe awardwnnn~ P|mo Cc:nv
5e|ov|c|o| |eo|| Pov|||cn onc C||s|s |esocnse Cene|,
des~ned by Mr. Hanpson.
The Celly Cenler has acqured lhe archves o senna
Soulhern Caorna nodernsl Wan rse, //,
E./rch. ]9~9. /||||om |||se|. /|c||ec, an 88nnule n
docunenlary drecled by Jake Corsl on Mr. rse's e and
work, was screened n Pan Sprn~s on February ]~, al The
Celly Cenler on /pr ]3, and al San De~o M0C/ on May 6.
/ conversalon belween lhe archlecl and Wn de Wl, head
o lhe Deparlnenl o /rchleclure and Conlenporary /rl al
The Celly Pesearch nsllule, oowed lhe /pr ]3 evenl. Mr.
rse s lhe recpenl o nunerous honors, ncudn~ Lelne
/chevenenl /wards ron // Los /n~ees Chapler and //
Caorna Counc.
Chrslne Lanperl, //, E.S. s leachn~ /rch o]],
Fundanenlas o Conslruclon Maleras and Melhods.
She ~radualed ron SC wlh a Eacheor o Scence n
/rchleclure de~ree and ron The ew Schoo o /rchleclure
and Des~n wlh a Masler o /rchleclure de~ree. She s
a parlner o Lanperl Das /rchlecls, nc., based n San
Cenenle, Caorna.
Cud evenls sponsor Pacc 0ce nlerors recenly
conpeled lhe SC Euler Eudn~, workn~ wlh Jerey
ALUMNI AND CUILD NEWS
aban /rchlecls, Jan Edson Des~n, and SC Capla
Conslruclon.
Pobn Perkns and C Seberl wlh Seberl Perkns Des~n
des~ned lhe wayndn~ and envronnenla ~raphcs or lhe
new Ponad Tulor Cenler, as we as an nleror nura and a
wndows on lhe word" pane lhal showcases lhe npacl lhal
SC aunn have had a over lhe word. The new deveopnenl
covers ?00,000 s.
Waler P. Moore, an en~neern~ and consuln~ rn, has
pronoled Cud nenber Dane Traub lo prncpa o ls Wesl
Los /n~ees oce. C/STPCT0 L/, or~anzed by lhe
Socely or Des~n /dnnslralon, awarded lhe Slruclura
n~enuly /ward lo Morrs /rchlecls and Waler P. Moore
or lher pece Where lhe Wd Cans /re." The cans used lo
bud lhe slruclure were donaled drecly lo lhe Los /n~ees
Pe~ona Food Eank oown~ lhe conpellon.
: USC 1004091 1
Green
K 175 L/S K-45/Gray-45/Green-45
Gray
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USC SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
WATT HALL 204
LOS ANGELES, CA 90089-0291
213.740.2723 / ARCH.USC.EDU
NON-PROFIT ORG
US POSTAGE PAID
UNIVERSITY OF
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Essays by Marcos Novak
2_1004091_HW01.indd 32 5/3/10 2:31 PM