ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

G. Mari #1, P. Muneeswaran *2

#1 *2

M.Phil. Scholars, School of Economics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-21, Tamil Nadu, India (south).
special.economist@gmail.com muneeswaran.p.one@gmail.com

Abstract Environmental strategy is protecting and enhancing our natural resources. Development is not a product but it is a process. Environment deals with the inter relationship between environment and economic development. This paper intends to explain interrelationship between environment and economic development, challenges of natural system and development, conservation of natural resources and its method, role of sustainable development , role of NGOs, environmental protection strategies and economic development in India, and policy recommendation for development. The paper concludes that Effective Environment Management (EEM) and people self interest are the solution for environment problem and the sustainable development. Keywords Sustainable Development, Environmental Protection Strategies (EPS), Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs), Effective Environment Management (EEM)

economic, social, political and physical structure as well as the value system and way of life of people. A. Indicators of Economic Development and

Economic Growth
Increase in literacy level, low growth of population, decrease in inequality of income and increase in number of service sector are the major indicators of economic development. On the other hand, Economic growth indicators comprise national income, percapita income and percapita consumption. B.

Interrelationship between Environment and Economic Development

Environmental Economics has been defined as that part of Economics which deals with the interrelationship between environment and development. Over-population, over-production and overconsumption are the three factors responsible for the depletion of natural resources and increase of wastes. Human development and welfare are impossible without protection of natural resource and natural environment. Hence, while protecting environment is a must, without development it will be unsustainable.

I. INTRODUCTION Environmental strategy is about protecting and enhancing our natural resources. Indias natural resource is composed of many elements, like air, climate, water, land, soil and minerals, and plant and animal. These elements support the social, economic, and cultural well- being action. The environmental strategy is based on the premise of sustainable development, which is meeting the needs of present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their needs. In short, sustainable development consists of economic, environmental and social development. The intention of the environment strategy is to recognize the inter-relationships and provide a holistic approach to the management of Indias natural resource. Development is not a product but it is a process. Porter (1985) defined Development as a complex of three important criteria: a) Economically, sharp and sustained increase in national product. b) Socially, redistribution of national income on an egalitarian basis and incorporation of marginal masses into the money- economy. c) Culturally, emergence of a new social image. Development is fundamentally a process transformation that involves the whole society. Its of

II. CHALLENGES OF NATURAL SYSTEM AND DEVELOPMENT The most Environmental problems arise due to conversion of raw materials into finished product to be used in the modern life. The economist coined the concept of natural system and development has some short comings listed below. 1. Adverse demographic pressures (Mass population) 2. Poverty and under development 3. Lack of opportunities for gainful employment 4. Biological impoverishment 5. Invasive animal and plant pests 6. Tragedy of common resource 7. Environment degradation 8. Climate changes 9. Potential regional water shortages. 10. Potentially harmful trade wastes

Problem of managing the pollution High cost of the enhancement of environmental quality. The net result of the exertion of pressure on the environmental quality as a good has become scarce. The free goods like clean air and pure drinking water have become scarce.
11. 12.

Increased partnership within the region, to share information and collaborative solutions. Data collection and monitoring to improve understanding of health of the natural environment. A meaningful shift in judging progress as sustainable development (measured by the Genuine Progress Indicator GPI) rather than only economic expansion.

III. METHODS OF CONSERVATION The term conservation is the process by which the life of resources is prolonged either by preserving it or by reusing it or by recycling In our discussion, by conservation of natural resources, we mean production of resources, proper development of natural resources and also optimal allocation of resources. By covering them the resources become useful for a longer period of time and larger number of people. The resources protection is done by the following methods. 1. Material Substitution 2. Product Life Extension 3. Recycling 4. Waste Reduction 1. Material Substitution The use of a material resource can be restricted by finding an alternative resource. For instance, copper sheets can be substituted by led aluminium, which at the same time would reduce demand for soldering agents made from tin and lead. 2. Product Life Extension This is a method by which the durability of the product is extended by deliberate design, so that the need for replacement would be postponed. By extending the life of the product, the requirement of resource materials can be appreciably brought down. 3. Recycling This is a process by which the life of resource is extended by means of recycling it or reusing it as an input or output. The recycle product is more profitable only when the cost of recycling is lower than use of Virgin resource material. 4. Waste Reduction Waste reduction can be achieved by currently redesigning industrial process, so that there will be technological efficiency in utilizing the resource and avoidance of waste to the minimum. Moreover, the waste of one industry can be used as the raw material of another industry. For example, the bagatelle of the sugarcane is the main raw material for manufacture of papers. C. Pre-Strategy Requirements of Environment Production. The successful environment protection requires the following.

D. Sustainable Development Framework. Frame work of sustainable Development guides all strategies, (environmental, economic, social, culture, etc.)
Sustainable Development Framework. Fig. 1

S.W. M E.P E.S W.C

B.D. P

C.S

Where, E.S - Environmental strategy. S.W.M - Solid Liquid Waste Management. W.C- Waste Conservation. C.S Capital Spaces B.D.P Bio Diversity Plan E.P Energy Plan The main strategies are stated below. Bio diversity and ecosystem Open space Water supply Solid and liquids waste management Energy and climate. In short, sustainable development consists of economic, environmental and social development. E. Role of Sustainable Development Sustainable development can play positive role as stated below. Maximizing the net benefits of economic development subject to maintaining the stock of environment and natural resource assets. To provide the quality of life to all people Raising the standard of life Enhancing the economic development To protecting the world resources.

F. Role of Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs) Development without people participation (NGOs) is like that of a wheel without spokes. NGOs are supposed to facilitate the people to carry out their Journey of Development. NGOs need to take up hard tasks like attitudinal and behaviour changes. NGOs need to perform empowering role i.e., empowerment is about power and about changing the balance of power. NGOs providing information environmental surveillance and monitoring, transmitting development in science and appropriate technology to people at large. The true success of NGOs is not the receipt of national awards or getting international rewards but only the victory or glory to the people over their poverty and injustices. NGOs must clearly understand that people predominantly require motivation than money, awareness than materials, information than inputs supply education than dotes, empathy than sympathy, guidance than gifts, facilitation than contribution, and opportunities than charities. IV. ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION STRATEGIES AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA The Indian Constitution has laid a new important trail in the section on Directive Principles of State Policy. Article 48A State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safe guard the forests and wildlife in the country. Article 51A (g) To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes and rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for the living creatures. Actions Taken: In recognition of the felt need for environmental protection, various regulatory and promotional measures have been taken in our country over the past twenty years. These include the following. 1. Legal 2. Institutions 3. Prevention and control of pollution 4. Conservation of forest and wild life 5. Environmental impact assessment 6. Other activities. V. PRIORITIES AND STRATEGIES FOR ACTION IN INDIA. The government of India has adopted many strategies towards environment protection over the past two decades. These include the following. 1) Population control, 2) Conservation of natural resources. i.e., Land and Water, Atmosphere, Bio diversity, Biomass.

VI. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS Following policy recommendation may be suggested for the Sustainable development in India. Strengthening of institutions and legislation Natural resource accounting Training and orientation programmes Promoting environmental awareness. Promoting an appropriate environmental technologies Rehabilitation of project ousters Role of Non Government Organization Removing subsidies Promoting high tax on polluted industries. Save forest land and eliminate the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizer in agriculture. VII. CONCLUSION The Effective Environment Management (EEM) is the solution for environment problem and the economic development. Some EEM agencies such as a) National environmental Agency (NEA); b) Implementing Agency (IA); c) Monitoring & Enforcing Agency (M&EA); and d) Technology and legislations. are involved in solving the environmental problems. All sensible people value the quality of the natural environmental and would like to maintain and improve the quality. It would be clear that cheapest way to reduce pollution is by taking advantage of self interest. Acknowledgment ACKNOWLEDGMENT Special thanks are due to Dr. K.Sada sivam, and Dr. A. Kannan, Asst. Profs. School of Economics, M.K.U. Madurai-21, for their help at all stages of writing and editing this paper. REFERENCES
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