COMPUTER TECHNIQUES IN POWER SYSTEMS SYLLABUS Sub Code: 06EE71 Hrs/Week: 04 Total Lecture Hrs: 52 PART - A UNIT - 1 NETWORK

TOPOLOGY: Introduction, Elementary graph theory oriented graph, tree, cotree, basic cut-sets, basic loops; Incidence matrices Element-node, Bus incidence, Tree-branch path, Basic cut-set, Augmented cut-set, Basic loop and Augmented loop; Primitive network impedance form and admittance form. 6 Hours UNIT - 2 NETWORK MATRICES: Introduction, Formation of YBUS by method of inspection (including transformer off-nominal tap setting), by method of singular transformation (YBUS = ATyA); Formation of Bus Impedance Matrix by step by step building algorithm (without mutual coupling elements). 6 Hours UNIT - 3 & 4 LOAD FLOW STUDIES: Introduction, Power flow equations, Classification of buses, Operating constraints, Data for load flow; Gauss-Seidal Method Algorithm and flow chart for PQ and PV buses (numerical problem for one iteration only), Acceleration of convergence; Newton Raphson Method Algorithm and flow chart for NR method in polar coordinates (numerical problem for one iteration only); Algorithm for Fast Decoupled load flow method; Comparison of Load Flow Methods. 14 Hours PART - B UNIT - 5 & 6 ECONOMIC OPERATION OF POWER SYSTEM: Introduction, Performance curves, Economic generation scheduling neglecting losses and generator limits, Economic generation scheduling including generator limits and neglecting losses; Iterative techniques; Economic Dispatch including transmission losses approximate penalty factor, iterative technique for solution of economic dispatch with losses; Derivation of transmission loss formula; Optimal scheduling for Hydrothermal plants problem formulation, solution procedure and algorithm. 12 Hours IA Marks: 25 Exam Hrs: 03 Exam Marks: 100

UNIT - 7 & 8 TRANSIENT STABILITY STUDIES: Numerical solution of Swing Equation Point-by-point method, Modified Eulers method, Runge-Kutta method, Milnes predictor corrector method. Representation of power system for transient stability studies, load representation, network performance equations, Solution techniques with flow charts. 14 Hours

LESSON PLAN
Sub Code: 06EE71 Staff : Suma Umesh
Week Date Part Unit Portions Covered

Hrs/Week: 04 Total hours: 52

Teaching Hours %Comple tion

1,2

2/8 to 10/8

NETWORK TOPOLOGY: Introduction, Elementary graph theory oriented graph, tree, co-tree, basic cut-sets, basic loops; Incidence matrices Element-node, Bus incidence, Tree-branch path, Basic cut-set, Augmented cut-set, Basic loop and Augmented loop; Primitive network impedance form and admittance form, numericals NETWORK MATRICES: Introduction, Formation of YBUS by method of inspection (including transformer off-nominal tap setting), by method of singular transformation (YBUS = ATyA); Formation of Bus Impedance Matrix by step by step building algorithm (without mutual coupling elements), Numericals ECONOMIC OPERATION OF POWER SYSTEM: Introduction, Performance curves, Economic generation scheduling neglecting losses and generator limits, Economic generation scheduling including generator limits and neglecting losses; Iterative techniques; Economic Dispatch including transmission losses approximate penalty factor, iterative technique for solution of economic dispatch with losses; Derivation of transmission loss formula; Optimal scheduling for Hydrothermal plants problem formulation, solution procedure and algorithm, numericals

11.5

2,3

11/8 to 21/8

23

4,5,6,7

23/8 to 18/9

5&6

12

46

8,9,10, 11

20/9/ to 15/10

3&4

LOAD FLOW STUDIES: Introduction, Power flow equations, Classification of buses, Operating constraints, Data for load flow; Gauss-Seidal Method Algorithm and flow chart for PQ and PV buses (numerical problem for one iteration only), Acceleration of convergence; Newton Raphson Method Algorithm and flow chart for NR method in polar coordinates (numerical problem for one iteration only); Algorithm for Fast Decoupled load flow method; Comparison of Load Flow Methods, Numericals TRANSIENT STABILITY STUDIES: Numerical solution of Swing Equation Point-by-point method, Modified Eulers method, Runge-Kutta method, Milnes predictor corrector method. Representation of power system for transient stability studies load representation, network performance equations. Solution techniques with flow charts, numericals -Revision-

14

73

12,13, 14,15

18/10 to 10/11

7&8

14

100

16

QUESTION BANK UNIT I

1.

NETWORK TOPOLOGY

2. 3. 4.

Define the fallowing terms with an illustrative example: oriented graph, Tree, Co-tree, basic loops and basic cut sets For a oriented graph of a network given* obtain i) fundamental loop matrix ii) fundamental cut set matrix. Take a tree with lines 5, 6, 7, 8. What is primitive network? Explain with circuit and equations, the significance of primitive network in both impedance and admittance form. For a given bus-incidence matrix,* construct the oriented graph.

** Various bus-incidence matrix and network graph patterns will be given during the class hours. UNIT 2 NETWORK MATRICES: Derive an expression for obtaining Ybus using singular transformation. Explain the formation of Zbus using Zbus- building algorithm. Explain the modification in Zbus when i) a branch is removed from the n/w , ii) a branch impedance is reduced, iii) a branch impedance is increased 4. Formulate Ybus using singular transformation for the system given.* 5. Formulate Ybus using inspection method with and without the element between the bus 1 & 2 for the system given.* 6. Formulate Zbus using Z-bus building algorithm for the system given.*
1. 2. 3.

*** Various system patterns will be given during the class hours. UNIT 3 & 4 LOAD FLOW STUDIES

1. Define load flow analysis. Discuss the necessity of LFA and explain how buses are classified in carrying out LFA. 2. Explain with flow chart and equations how LFA is conducted using Gauss-Seidal method. 3. Explain with flow chart and equations how LFA is conducted using Newton-Raphson Method. 4. Explain fast decoupled load flow analysis with algorithm and equations. List all the advantages as compared to NR method. 5. List all the Data required for conducting LFA. 6. For the given system,* determine bus voltages at the end of first iteration using Gaussseidal method. Assume flat voltage start. 7. For the network given,* obtain complex bus voltage at bus 2 and 3 at the end of Ist iteration using GS method. Bus 1 is slack bus with V1 = 1+j0, P2+jQ2 = -5.96+ j 1.46, P3+jQ3 = 4.8-j2 and [V3] =1.02. 8. For the given system,* use FDLF method for one iteration and find bus voltages. *** Various system patterns will be given during class hours.

UNIT 5 & 6

ECONOMIC OPERATION OF POWER SYSTEM

1. Derive the condition for optimal operation among different generating units in a power plant neglecting transmission losses. 2. Derive the expression for transmission loss and the loss-coefficients when 2 generating units are supplying power on a plant. 3. Derive the algorithm and flowchart for economic generating scheduling of plants including transmission losses. 4. Write short notes on the fallowing: Input-Output curve, Penalty factor, IFC , ITL. 5. The fuel cost of two units of a plant are given by C1 = 0.1P12+40 P1+120 and C2 = 0.125P22+30 P2+100 Rs/hr for a load demand of 220MW. Find the a) optimal allocation of load to the 2 units, b) find the corresponding , c) Savings in Rs/hr made as compared to equal load sharing. 6. Calculate the B-coefficients in Pu and in MW -1 if the base is 50MVA. The reference bus voltage is 1+j0 pu . given : Ia = 1.2-j0.4 pu, Ib = 0.4-j0.2 pu, Ic = 0.8-j0.1 pu, Id = 0.8-j0.2 pu , Ie = 1.2-j0.3 pu and Za = 0.02+ j 0.08 pu, Zb = 0.08+ j 0.32 pu, Zc = 0.02+ j 0.08 pu, Zd =Ze = 0.03+ j 0.12 pu 7. The transmission loss coefficients Bmn are given below on a base of 100MVA.Tthe three plants supply 100Mw, 200Mw and 300Mw respectively into the network. Calculate transmission loss in Pu and in MW, b) ITL wrt plants 1, 2, 3 respectively. UNIT 7 & 8 TRANSIENT STABILITY STUDIES