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Click arrows to page adverts Home Beams Index Notes Using Strain Energy Methods for solving beam problems Castigliano's Method Introduction When external forces are applied to an beam or structure the structure distorts. The external forces perform work and the energy is stored in the structure in the form stress and elastic deformation. In conformance with the law of conservation of energy the work done in the small movements of the external forces (W) must be equal to the potential energy U stored in the structure.
i is the displacement of the point of application of the force F i in the direction of F i..
For angular displacement (rotational) This equation can be expressed as follows
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8/8/2011
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1. 2. 3.
Obtain an expression for the total strain energy including the the loads F,M,T,V and a fictitious force if required required. Obtain the linear deflection y f from the relationship y f = U / F f If the force is fictitious set F f = 0 and solve the resulting equation
a) To determine an angular deflection f in the direction of a real or fictitious moment M f 1. 2. 3. Obtain an expression for the total strain energy including the the loads F,M,T,V and a fictitious moment if required. Obtain the angular deflection from the relationship f = U /M i If the moment is fictitious set M f = 0 and solve the resulting equation
Examples Some examples of the use of Castigliano's theorem are provided to illustrate the principles.. Example 1 Consider a simply supported beam with a central load F. The deflection at the central load point is to be determined. l= 2m, b=0,1m, h= 0,05m, F=10 000N, E=206 GPa, G = 78,610, I = 4,17.10-6m4
For this example it is assumed that the beam is a rectangle width b and depth h. The strain energy for bending and for traverse shear is included in the consideration. Because the beam is symmetrical the deflection at the central point is obtained by doubling the solution from 0 to l/2. x = the distance from the left hand support. Moment M = (F/2).x and Tranverse Force V = F/2 With reference to the webpage on strain energy 1) The expression for the total strain energy = Strain Energy
y f = U / F f
As can be seen from the above example the deflection resulting from the traverse shear is about 0,8% that of resulting from bending and is therefore generally ignored... Example 2 Consider the cantilever beam with a load F at a distance b from the free end. The deflection at the free end is required and so a fictitious load Ff has been added. The strain energy due to traverse shear loading can be neglected.
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y f = U / F f
Example 3 Consider the frame as shown below with one leg free to move horizontally and the other leg pivotted. A horizontal force F is applied to the free leg and the deflection of the free leg is required. The strain energy due to traverse shear loading can be neglected.
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8/8/2011
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= U / F f
Links to Spring Design 1. 2. Strain Energy Methods ...A powerpoint presentation of the appication of strain energy methods Elasticity Theory ...Very detailed notes including reference to strain energy
Beam Calculation Beam Equation Steel Beam Sizes Beam Design Bending Beam
http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Beams/Beam_energy_methods.html
8/8/2011