CHAPTER ONE Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study. Nepal is one of the unique and well known country for its natural beauty, snow-capped Himalaya, diverse culture & cheerful face of people. These qualities made Nepal a very beautiful place giving high potentialities for the growth of tourism industry. Nature defined as spectacular Himalayas, the youngest mountain chain on earth, forested hills fast flowing rivers arising from the Himalayas, broad green valleys, deep gorges an array of flora & fauna, its rich cultural heritage & traditions, art &architecture has made Nepal one of the foremost tourist destinations of the world Tourism is the largest industry in Nepal the largest source of foreign exchange & revenue. Nepal has become the centre of attraction as a tourist destination due to its natural beauty, more than 700 species of birds, jumping rivers, wild forest, calm & quite lakes, healthy & peaceful climate & lots of friendly smiles. Nepal is a hotspot destination for mountaineers, rock climbers and people seeking adventure. Youngest mountain chain on earth, forested hills, broad green valleys, greater range of flora fauna & its rich cultural heritage & its cold weather has been major source of attraction which has let to an increasing number of tourists from all over the world. Hindu people from India come for pilgrimage especially to the sacred sites of Pashupati Nath, Muktinath & Barahachhetra. Buddhist especially from China & Tibet come to visit the birth place of Lord Sakyamuni Gautam Buddha as pilgrimate. People often term Nepal as a place where there are more temples than houses. Similarly because of gods & Goddesses we term
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it as a place where the number of gods & goddess is more than the population of people. In this context, present study delights the Tourism in Nepal residing in Myagdi District.

1.2

About Nepal Nepal is a landlocked country in South Asia and is the worlds youngest republic. It is bordered to the north by the peoples Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India lying 8015' east longitude and 2620'3010' North longitude. Nepal is a small Himalayan Kingdom situated between two big countries India and China, a yam between big stones in the words of Prithivi Narayan Shah, which is a small wooing country in the size of 147181 sq. Km. Though the country is small in size, due to its great richness in cultural diversity, this is the most wooing living paradise in the world. The total population of this country according to the census record 2002, it is 2,31,51,423 where there are 1,15,87,502 male and 1,15,63,921 female. (CBS 2002) This unique geographical setting embarrasses three different geographical regions within itself. They are the Mountainous region, the Hilly region and the Terai region, the bread basket of the nation. In the words of the late King Prithivi Narayan Shah, the garden contains the 4 castes and 36 sub-castes where various Indo-Aryan and Mongolian people speaking Indo-Aryan and Tibeto-Burman Language are found. Similarly, they do have the faith in Hinduism, Buddhism and other religions. There is secularism. The food gathering, fishing, wood crafts and herbs collection is their daily routine. Nepal is the worlds 93rd largest country by land mass and the 41 st most populous country. Kathmandu is the capital of the country and it is the largest metropolitan city.
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1.3 Identification of the study Area The selected site to study is Myagdi District. The Myagdi lies in Dhaulagiri zone under the western development region and surrounded by Mustang (north),Dolpa (north-west),Rukum (west), Baglung (south) , Parbat and Kaski (east) district. Famous the Dhaulagiri Himalayan range is situated in northen part of the district. More than half dozens peaks including the world 7th tallest summit the Dhaulagiri -1st (8167m)are existed in the range, which are famous destination for mountaineering expedition and adventure trekking tour. It attracts thousands of tourists in a year .The Dhaulagiri mountain range is a neighboring range of the Annapurna mountain range to western side. Two VDC of Myagdi district are included in Annapurna conservation area (ACAP). Some group of trekkers visits both regions at a same plan .The world deepest George Andha Galchhi, charming falls: the Rupse, Hot spring pond, Himalayan originated rivers Myagdi khola, KaliGandaki, Raghhuganga and Mirasti khola are major natural resource to attract tourists. Some parts of Royal Dhorpatan hunting reservation enters in the western side of the district, which is only one hunting reservation area in the country. Myagdi is not attractive only Natural and geographical point of view, there are valuable cultural, Historical, Religious important heritages. Pulahshram, GaleswerDham, Khayar Barah are reputed religious places from ancient time. Beni Bazar, Dholthana and Takumkot are historically important places; they are related to Parbat state before the unification of Nepal. The district lies on the trekking rout to Annapurna region, Mustang, Dhaulagiri circuits. Therefore,

Myagdi is very important in tourism point of view in various aspects. Myagdi being destination and routs both thousands tourists inflow every year. It seems immense potential area in tourism point of view. In this reason, the researcher hopes that the study will be fruitful to tourism development in the district as well as to country.

1.4 Statement of the problem. Tourism is output of modern civilization of human society. It is raised as significant part of economy and need of civilized human. Nepal is a reputed destination of international tourism and it has taken important place in national economy. It is a major source of foreign exchange earning in the country. Tourists visit the country for various reasons such as holiday pleasures, trekking and mountaineering, business, pilgrimage etc. The popular destinations for tourism in Nepal are Kathmandu, Pokhara, Chitawan, Annapurna region, Khumbu region, Helambu Langtang valley are main destination for trekkers in Nepal. Among them Annapurna region is most famous destination for that. More than 50 percent trekkers out of total trekkers in the country visit this region.

The first famous trekking area Annapurna region is recognized as conservation area title of ACAP area (Annapurna Conversation Area Project). It covers some parts of Kaski, Manang, Lamjung, Mustang and Myagdi. Two VDCs of Myagdi Narchyang and Sikha are
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included in the ACAP area. Therefore, Myagdi lies on the way of Annapurna circuit trade. It is on the road to Mustang, Dhorpatan and Dolpa trek.

Dhaulagiri Mountain a major range in Nepal, which lies in Myagdi, is the major attraction for mountaineering expedition in the country.This range constitutes dozen of mountains. Of them, Dhaulagiri first (8167m.) is seventh tallest summit in the world. Four groups of mountain expedition had come in 2002. Dhaulagiri round trekking route is embodied in Annapurna circuit trekking routes. Some trekkers visit both areas. Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, the only one hunting reserve in the country also covers some parts of the district. It means this district is very important from tourism point of view. It is close to ACAP area and near Pokhara surrounded by major tourist attractive trekking destination Dolpa, Manang, Mustang and Kaski district and host of Dhaulagiri mountain range, the world's deepest gorge 'Andha Galchhi also lies in the district. Myagdi has also important cultural, religious and historical cites . There are plenty of eco-tourism resources. About fifty thousand tourists entered in Myagdi in 1999.

Myagdi has plenty of tourism attractive destinations and significant numbers of tourists are visiting but these destinations are not properly recognized at national as well as international level agency despite the route of ACAP area. Dhaulagiri trekking circuit is

recognized as difficult routes so it may causes hesitation to visit that areas. Though attractions of Myagdi are not highlighted, most of tourists came for trekking and mountaineering purpose. There is a lack of diversity in tourism in this region. About half percent tourists come in Nepal for holiday pleasure purpose. Despite a highly prospects in tourism, there are so many obstacles in terms of infrastructure and service management . There is not any special plan and policy for tourism promotion activities in this area by national level and local level either government sector or private sector.

For the economic development and prosperity, tourism is an important sector. Nepal has limitless potentiality of tourism. However, the development of this sector is not satisfactorily. There are more efforts to do by the central as well as local level, by the government sector as well as private sector too. For the promotion of tourism in the country to the local level must be concerned. There are need to identify more new and various tourism products and resources to all over the country and, develop required infrastructures. There are need of improvement and maintenance of available means and place and expanse scope for that. There must be recognized current conditions problems and prospective for adopt new efforts to prepare plan and policy, to add new kind of infrastructure. It has needed more research and scientific study, not only on central level but to grass root level and rural area as well. Therefore, the researcher has objected of a rural area, one of the remote areas from capital and

tried to contribute by highlighting additional attractive source of tourism and suggest developing the area.

Myagdi is tourism potential region. There is bright future in tourism in the district. However, that requires special efforts to do for that. Therefore there should be deep study and evaluate the present condition of tourism in the district. Problems should be identified and potentiality of tourism attractions should be highlighted, that would be helpful for perceiving clear plan and policy of the district and destinations. 1.5 Objectives of the study. Tourism is an emerging sector of the Nepalese economy and has revealed tremendous potential for its expansion. Major steps should be taken for the reform, development, promotion and protection of tourism enterprise including infrastructure development tourism service expansion, manpower development and environmental protection of tourist sites. The objectives of the study are mainly to evaluate current trends of tourist's inflow relatively to national level and highlighting the potentiality of tourism of Myagdi. The specific objectives are to: 1. To evaluate Nepalese tourism trends. 2. Evaluate the infrastructure and service management of tourism. 3. Observe current trends and nature of tourist's inflow in Myagdi district. 4. To examine the effectiveness of the present marketing and promotional plans. 5. To review the present scenario of tourism development in Myagdi District.

6. Evaluate the infrastructure and service management of tourism. 7. Recommend suggestions on policies and plans for the development of tourism in Myagdi district. 8. Highlight the potentiality of tourism. 1.6 Significance of the study Today tourism has a strong impact on global economy. For inducting foreign exchange, generating employment, economic benefit & maintenance of heritage tourism industry plays a major role to support to a number of local industries &service creating employment opportunities directly & indirectly with a relatively low level of investment. It uplifts various economic activities by contributing foreign exchange earnings. Tourism plays a crucial role in the balance of payment of the country. There is a need of a proper marketing plan in order to increase number of tourists as well as the spending time of the tourists. Tourism has played a major role in improving international understanding and goodwill besides generating economic activity. It helps to preserve the local tradition, when tourists visit the local community & appreciate their custom, festivals, life style etc. then the local community also realize the importance of their own culture & try to preserve them. The tourist may also help to eliminate local superstitions by educating the local people, introducing the new ideas. Modern tourism is an instrument of human education it also widens the knowledge of ones own county &its historic tradition & cultural values. The money earned from tourism will help to maintain & preserve the regional assets such as temples, city etc. tourism is the best source of income for the local authority to preserve the manmade environment. The problem of unemployment & underemployment are more acute in the developing countries. The tourist industry is a highly labor intensive service industry & is a valuable source of
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employment. It employs a large number of people & provides a wide range of jobs, which extend from the unskilled to the highly specialized. Taking into account this fact HMG/N has adopted policy of expanding and promotional activities related to tourism in the district. The fact that tourism industry occupies important place in Nepal and that HMG/N putting efforts to level based development of this sector is exhibited by HMG/N declared 2011 as 'Nepal Tourism Year'. Expansion and explanation of more tourism destination and resources will help to attract more number of tourists. This sector will be benefited by tourism promotional activities adopted by central level and local level. This case study of Myagdi district will help to think and do about tourism promotion program and plan for government and other stakeholders. Whole Myagdi district may develop as famous tourism region and if it initiates efforts like ACAP area. There are very similarities with ACAP area. Dhaulagiri Mountain range is attractive no less than Annapurna mountain range. Dhaulagiri mountain range is close to Annapurna. Both ranges can be viewed from many places. This region now is easily accessible from Pokhara by motor road. Transport facilities are going to extend. There are more than one dozen peaks for mountaineering expedition. That region is connected with Dolpa region. If Dhaulagiri region develops like ACAP area and Khumbu region, more tourists will come in the country. From the tourism intervention, it is expected that economic condition of the district can be improved. Tourism sector is only the viable industry in the district. Now, district is dependant on the remittance a cash income source coming from foreign employment. Tourism is potential and suitable for the district. Government, private sector at both local level and central level should give priority to this sector. This study may helpful to draw the concern of stakeholders, policy makers and planners of the district. It may provide tourism development guideline to set strategies for economic development of the district.
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Chapter: Two 2. Review of Literature

2.1 Conceptual Framework. The term tourism was derived from French language tourisme which means the practice of touring or traveling. Tourism, the quest of human beings, to see, experience, enjoy new place or to relive the experiences of destinations by revisiting them, has turned out to be a major global business, with far reaching prospects in future, it is an involvement of pleasure giving activity motivating one to spend money earned in ones domicile by traveling to other places & enjoying them. The travel destinations are usually preconceived. The world tourism organization defines tourists as people who travel to & say in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business & other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited The department of tourism defines tourists as citizens of all foreign countries visiting Nepal & staying far at least 24 hour & at most six month for carious purpose like recreations, conference & mountaineering excluding the permanently stationed representatives or staff or foreign organization in Nepal. One of the earliest definitions of tourism was provided by the Austrian economist in 1910, who defined it as, bob total of operators, mainly of an economic nature, which directly relate to the entry, stay and movement of foreigners inside and outside a certain country, city or a region.

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The United Nations classified three forms of tourism in 1994 in its recommendations on Tourism Statistics: Domestic Tourism, which involves residents of the given country traveling in the given country; and outbound tourism, involving residents traveling in another country. The UN also derived different categories of tourism by combining the 3 basic forms of tourism: Internal tourism, which comprises domestic tourism and inbound tourism; National tourism, which comprises domestic domestic tourism and outbound tourism, and international tourism, which consists of inbound tourism and outbound tourism. Intrabound tourism is a term coined by the Korean Tourism Organization and widely accepted in Korea. Intrabound tourism differs from domestic tourism in that the former encompasses policy-making and implementation of national tourism policies. Recently, the tourism industry has shifted from the promotion of inbound tourism to the promotion of intrabound tourism because many countries are experiencing tough competition for inbound tourists. Some national policymakers have shifted their priority to the promotion of intrabound tourism to contribute to the local economy. Government of Nepal in consultation with Nepalese travel trade sector and concerned organizations/experts decided on October 25, 2008 to launch a national tourism campaign Nepal tourism Year 2011. This announcement reflects the governments anticipation to bring into Nepal at least one million international tourists by the year 2011 and tourism industrys exigency to organize a tourism promotion campaign for wider impact. 2.1.1 Types of Tourism: People travel for different purpose and different factors create desire to travel and make them tourists and travel from place to place. There are various types of tourism, which includes:

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1) Adventure Tourism 2) Eco-Tourism 3) Geo-Tourism 4) Rural Tourism 5) Space Tourism 6) Sex Tourism 7) Medical Tourism 2.2 Evolution of Tourism in Nepal: Nepal offers so many things to the outer world like the famous Mt. Everest, rich cultural heritage, fascinating temples, the birthplace of Lord Buddha-Lumbini, Pashupatinath for hindu devotees, the rare flora and fauna and religious cultural diversity since the ancient times. To describe the historical outlook, we can go through the history of the country tourism. The ancient history of Nepal is not quite clear with only legends giving some light such as Manjushree from China cut an opening of the rock hill of Chovar and drained the lake water to make Kathmandu fit for the human habitat. In the period of Lichhavies in 400 AD, Chinese visitors like Huen Tsang, Li-Y-piao, and Wang Hiuenise, passed through Nepal and wrote many historical accounts about it. In the period when there was British East India Company, in 1815 after the Sugauli treaty, a British resident was appointed in Kathmandu. Dr. Wallich visited Nepal in 1817 and carried on his botanical research for a year. In the rule of Ranas, in 1856 Sir Brian Dodgson and Sir Joseph Hooker traveled the country for botanical surveys and collection of Nepals flora and fauna, King George V came for his famous shooting in the Terai area of Nepal for the purpose of hunting. The princess of Wales visited Nepal in 1922 on the invitation of Rana Prime minister for the hunting purpose. After the end of Rana rule the gates of Nepal was open to all the foreigners. In 1952, the great numbers of tourists were recorded to have visited Nepal. After getting the membership to the UNO, Nepal became famous in the outside world. In 1956, the pioneer body of Sir Thomas Cook and sons arrived at Kathmandu
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in the autumn season. Gradually the government of Nepal felt that the dependable source of the foreign exchange earning would be possible from the tourism industry. Keeping the fact in conscience, Tourism Development Board in Nepal was established in 1957 and tourist information centre was established in 1959. Nepal further succeeded in getting the membership of different international.

CHAPTER THREE 3. Research Methodology

3.1 Introduction: Research Methodology is the main body of the study. It is the way to solve about research problem systematically. It is the research method on techniques to use through the entire study, the methodology which has been used in this study consists of research design, nature and sources of data, data collection procedures and data analysis. 3.2 Research Design: Research Design is the framework of controlling the collection of data for scientific conduction of the research project. The study is based on 2 parts, desk research and field research. Desk research is used to find out the information, review and analysis the secondary information, existing studies on tourism and relevant tourism statistic. Field research is used to collect data and information form tourism market and to collect data and information from this method. Questionnaire technique, personal contact, observation method, interview and discussion with different people are used to study. In order to fulfill the objective of this study descriptive and analytical research design is followed.
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3.3 Population and Sample: Among existing service industry in Nepal, tourism industry is taken as a population for study. So tourism industry, local people and tourist in Myagdi is used as a sample. The convenience sampling is used for selection of respondents. 3.4 Nature and sources of data: The two types of data are used in this research, primary data and secondary data. Primary data collected from the field work using questionnaires, interview and discussion method and secondary data collected from already published books, articles, news and information recorded by tourism board, visiting different libraries including the library the Tribhuvan University and Nepal Commerce Campus library, Nepal Tourism Board, ACAP Office Pokhara, related documents from Ministry of Tourism, Department of tourism, Ministry of finance, National planning Commission, Nepal Rastra Bank for required information and data. Various bulletins and booklets on tourism and media source like news paper, Radio, internet were also consulted .District profile of DDC Myagdi ,Profiles of VDCs are used to collect the related information and data and surfing many websites. 3.5 Data presentation and analysis: Collected data for the study are presented in the various tables, diagrams and charts with supporting interpretation. Data are tabulated according to the nature of data. Percentage analysis method is used to analyze data. 3.6 Limitation of the study.

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The researcher does not have sufficient time and resources for the very deep investigations. So the study is limited by varies aspects. The study is focused on Myagdi district only. The analysis depends on available data and information from local tourist hotel and concern agencies. The study is limited by following ways 1) This study focuses on tourism of Myagdi district. 2) The study is depended on available data and information from Tourism Board, ACAP office Pokhara, DDC Myagdi, field survey and related newspaper, Magazine, books and booklets. 3) For the field survey, has visited all four-tourist hotel of Beni Bazaar and Galeshwer. 4) For primary data, responding, Indian and Domestic visitors are excluded. 5) Period of primary data collection was October and November of 2004. Secondary data are used of until 2003. 6) This study focuses on afore mentioned objectives.

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1. BIBLIOGRAPHY Ghimire, Ananda 2008, Travel and Tourism: A Practical Approach, (publisher: Ekata Books Distributor Pvt. Ltd) Ghimire, Ananda 2008, Travel and Tourism: An introduction, reprinted edition (publisher: Ekata Books Distributor Pvt. Ltd) Riedel Kareen 2007, Trekking-Tourisms in Nepal

Pam Godde, Pamela M. Godde, Martin F: Tourism and

development in mountain regions

Adikari, Khagendra 2009, A Study of Tourism Industry in Nepal Kuwar, Ramesh Raj 2006, Tourist and Tourism (Science and Industry Interface) Ministry of Tourism Culture and Civil Aviation (Department of Tourism Nepal) Nepal Tourism Board; Nepal Guide Book, 2010 Nepal Tourism Board; Tourism marketing Plan 2010 Nepal Tourism Board; Annual Progress Report (Fiscal Year 2066/67)

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