Seminar Report on

MICROWAVE LIFE-DETECTION SYSTEM

Submitted by,

Anwin Pauly

Focus on Excellence Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (FISAT) Angamaly-683577, Ernakulam
Affiliated to

MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

Kottayam-686560 Nov 2011

Seminar report on

MICROWAVE LIFE-DETECTION SYSTEM

Submitted by

Anwin Pauly
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology in Electronics & Communication Engineering

Focus on Excellence Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (FISAT) Angamaly-683577, Ernakulam
Affiliated to

MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

Kottayam-686560 Nov 2011

FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (FISAT) Mookkannoor(P.O), Angamaly-683577

FOCUS ON EXCELLENCE

CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the seminar report titled MICROWAVE LIFE

DETECTION SYSTEM submitted by Anwin Pauly (68677), towards partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering is a record of bonafide work carried out by him during the academic year 2011 2012.

Staff in charge

Head of the Department

Place: Mookkanoor Date:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our heart full gratitude to all those who have helped to bring our project to a successful completion. This seminar is the sum total of the imprint of many persons who have contributed their valuable time and energy. I take this occasion to express our sincere gratitude to all those who have helped us in this endeavor especially Dr. K.V Sundaresan, respected Principal of FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (FISAT), Mrs. Mini P.R. (Head of Department, ECE), Mrs. Shamseena M A (Lecturer, ECE Department) & Ms. Shameem S (Lecturer ECE Department) whose guidance has helped me to make this seminar a success. Above all we thank God, for this mercy and blessings which helped us for the successful completion of this seminar. Last, but not the least we wish to express our heartfelt thanks to all of our friends for their goodwill and constructive ideas.

ABSTRACT

A new sensitive microwave life-detection system which can be used to locate human subjects buried under earthquake rubble or hidden behind various barriers has been constructed. This system operating at 1150 MHz or 450 MHz can detect the breathing and heartbeat signals of human subjects through an earthquake rubble or a construction barrier of about 10-ft thickness. The basic physical principle for the operation of a microwave life-detection system is rather simple. When a microwave beam of appropriate frequency (L or S band) is aimed at a pile of earth- quake rubble covering a human subject or illuminated through a barrier obstructing a human subject, the microwave beam can penetrate the rubble or the barrier to reach the human subject. When the human subject is illuminated by a microwave beam, the reflected wave from the human subject will be modulated by the subjects body movements, which include the breathing and the heartbeat. If the clutter consisting of the reflected wave from sta- tionary background can be completely eliminated and the reflected wave from the human subjects body is properly modulated, the breathing and heartbeat signals of the subject can be extracted. Thus, a human subject buried under earthquake rubble or hidden behind barriers can be located. This system has been tested extensively in a simulated earth- quake rubble in the laboratory and also in a field test using realistic earthquake rubble conducted by a Federal Emergency Manage- ment Agency (FEMA) Task Force

CONTENTS
Page No

Chapter 1 Chapter 2
2.1

INTRODUCTION TODAYS CHALLENGES

ELECTRON V/S PHOTONS

1 2 2 4 6 7 8 8 8 9 9 11 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5

5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.2 5.3

LIGHT PEAK TECHNOLOGY: FEATURES LIGHT PEAK V/S USB 3.0 COMPONENTS REVIEW
FIBER OPTICS OPTICAL FIBER LIGHT SOURCE LIGHT DETECTORS OPTICAL MODULE & VCSEL CONTROLLER CHIP

Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 REFERENCE

LIGHT PEAK ARCHITECTURE SAMPLE PC SYSTEM DIAGRAM BANDWIDTH COMPARISON GRAPH BRINGING OPTICAL TO MAINSTREAM ADVANTAGES DEVELOPMENT STATUS CONCLUSION

1. Introduction

2. Todays Challenges

3. Light Peak Technology: Features

4. Light Peak V/S USB 3.0

5. Components Review

6. Light Peak Architecture

7. Sample PC System Diagram

8. Bandwidth Comparison Graph

9. Bringing Optical to Mainstream

10. Advantages

12. Conclusion

11. Development Status

Reference