Assignment - 1: Shree V.J. Modha College of Information Technology

Shree V.J. Modha College of Information Technology.
Assignment - 1
On C Programming HTML
Semester: 1st Date : 10th Aug 2011
Submitted By:
Name: Kuldeep Singh Roll: 09 Class: B.C.A. (B)
Submitted To:
Miss. Dhirti Lecturer
Prepared By. Kuldeep Singh
Guided By. Miss. Dhirti
Q.1
What is HTML? Illustrate the history of HTML.
Ans. No. 1. HTML is the "mother tongue" of your browser. To make a long story short, HTML was invented in 1990 by a scientist called Tim Berners-Lee. The purpose was to make it easier for scientists at different universities to gain access to each other's research documents. The project became a bigger success than Tim Berners-Lee had ever imagined. By inventing HTML he laid the foundation for the web as we know it today. HTML is a language, which makes it possible to present information (e.g. scientific research) on the Internet. What you see when you view a page on the Internet is your browser's interpretation of HTML. To see the HTML code of a page on the Internet, simply click "View" in the top menu of your browser and choose "Source". History of HTML First of all GML(General Markup Language) was found by IBM(Internal Business Machine) at that time it was first step for making webpage. After That SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) was developed by ISO(International Standardization Origination) in 1986 it was higher level markup language. Its describe or defines formatting & Hipertext links. SGML is not idle for transmission across the internet to different Computers & Browsers after that HTML was fount by Tim Berners-Lee & his team in 1989 in the European Laborites. It makes possible to create & digital web page that can be read entire population of Web. Mr. Tim BernersLee
Q.2
Explain the structure HTML.
Ans. No. 2. An HTML document has two* main parts:
1. head. The head element contains title and meta data of a web document. 2. body. The body element contains the information that you want to display on a web
page. * To make your web pages compatible with HTML 4, you need to add a document type declaration (DTD) before the HTML element. Many web authoring software add DTD and basic tags automatically when you create a new web page. In a web page, the first tag (specifically, <html>) indicates the markup language that is being used for the document. The <head> tag contains information about the web page. Lastly, the content appears in the <body> tag. The following illustration provides a summary.
Q.3
Explain the Comment Tag.
Ans. No. 3. The comment tag is used to insert a comment in the source code. A comment will be ignored by the browser. You can use comments to explain your code, which can help you when you edit the source code at a later date. You can also store program-specific information inside comments. In this case they will not be visible for the user, but they are still available to the program. A good practice is to comment the text inside scripts and style elements to prevent older browsers, that do not support scripting or styles, from showing it as plain text.  This is a paragraph.
Q.4
Explain Text Formatting Tags .
Ans. No. 4. A Page that contains endless text that all looks identical is a deterrent for most 'surfers'. Modifying text to suite its position is one way of ensuring the page is not and eye-sore. However too much variety in the text format can also look displeasing.
<H?></H?> - Header. This tag is a quick way of creating headings and sub-headings by using numbers varying from 1 (Being the largest) to about 6 (which would then have to be the smallest). You can adjust the size and the boldness of the text depending on the heading number you choose. - Bold. Use this tag to bold certain parts of the document. Any text in between the tags will be bolded the same as in a word processor. - Italic. Also working the same way as a word processor, italics displays the text at a slight angle. - Underline. Another way of making words stand out. Notice that ordinary links are already underlined and don't need the extra tag. (You may also notice that the links in my guide aren't underlined, and that they change colour when the mouse is moved over them. This is achieved using style sheets.) <CENTER></CENTER> - Centre. A very useful tag, as it says, it makes everything in between the tags, centred (in the middle of the page). <STRIKE></STRIKE> - Strikeout. Quite a dumb feature if you ask me, but there must be someone who uses it. Strikeout just puts a line right through the centre of the text, ie crossing it out. Note: Some Older browsers may require the tag<S></S> in order to perform a strikeout. - Subscript. Makes the text smaller and places it slightly below the usual line of text. - Superscript. The same as before but above the text. - Font Colour. If you require a few words to be a different colour to that of the standard text colour for the document, this is the tag to use. The same way you changed the colour of the background or links in theBackground and Colours section, you do the same here. There is a large variety of colours to choose from, Once again the 6 question marks represent the hex code. For a list of colours and their codes, see Colour Codes. - Font Size. Ranging from 1 to 7 you can change the size of the font (1 being the smallest and 7 the largest. - Change Font Size. For an immediate change of font size with respect to the font size preceding it, this tag increase or decreases the size of the font by the number you specify. Eg: Some Text - Change Font. To have a certain font other than that of the standard text, you have to use this tag. Be aware thought that having a fancy font on your page means that the person viewing that page must also have that font on their computer otherwise it will either look totally different or not show anything at all. To use it type the font name, eg "Arial" or "Courier New" etc. <TT></TT> - Typewriter. The text appears to have been typed by a typewriter.This text is written using the <TT></TT> tags.
<PRE></PRE> - Preformatted Text. By using these tags you are saying that anything between them is to be placed on the page as is. <BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE> - Block Quote. When writing several long paragraphs, this would be the best tag to use. Any text between the tags, including spaces, carriage returns and punctuation, will appear in the browser exactly as it is in the HTML editor. - Emphasis. This tag is used to emphasize whatever is between them. The text is usually displayed in italics but varies according to your browser. - Strong Emphasis. This tag is used to strongly emphasize whatever is between them. The text is usually displayed in bold but also varies depending on your browser. <CITE></CITE> - Citation. Used to cite the text between the tags. It is also usually displayed in italics. Explain Marquee Tags with all its attributes.
Q.5
Ans. No. 5. The Marquee tag allows you to have a scrolling text effect. Anything put between the opening and closing tags will scroll across the screen. A number of attributes that go with it and are useful include the following, which all use numbers. Scrollamount - the amount of pixels of each movement Scrolldelay - the amount of time in milliseconds between each jump. (1000 is 1 second). Determine the text or graphic that you want to scroll on your website. This should ideally be a small amount of text or a small graphic, as large amounts of scrolling text can be difficult for your website visitor to read. Marquees in HTML are ideal for news tickers, eye-catching headlines or important announcements. Use the "<marquee>" HTML tag to create any type of scrolling text or graphic. At its most simple, you can create a right to left scrolling piece of text by writing "<marquee> SCROLLING TEXT</marquee>" and replacing the text in all capital letters with the text you want to scroll. The text will scroll at a moderate rate of speed across the entire section of the website you put it in. You can also use other HTML text attributes, such as headings, font color, font style and size within the marquee tags. Always remember to close the HTML tag with "</marquee>" at the end, or your entire website will scroll. Adjust the width of the marquee tag in HTML by using a width attribute added to the marquee code. For example, "<marquee width="30%">" will scroll the text on only 30 percent of your website. Of course, you can also include the marquee HTML tag within a style sheet or table website layout. Height can be adjusted in the same way. This is useful for scrolling graphics. Change the direction the words or pictures move by using the marquee tag with the direction attribute. The default direction is right to left. You can switch the direction by typing "<marquee direction="right"> Text </marquee>" to make the word "Text" scroll from left to the right. Make the marquee text or graphics do more than just scroll across the screen. This HTML code also includes behavior attributes. Using the code "<marquee behavior="scroll">" will
create the default scrolling text; "<marquee behavior="slide">" will cause the text within the tags to scroll across the screen, but then stop and stay at the edge of the screen. To make the text bounce from one side of the screen to the other, use the "<marquee behavior="alternate">" command. Speed up or slow down your marquee text or graphic speed by using two different HTML attributes: scroll delay and scroll amount. Scroll delay is used to slow down marquee text, and scroll amount is used to speed it up. Therefore, typing "<marquee scrolldelay="500">" will result in text that goes at about half the normal speed, and using "<marquee scrollamount="50">" will make the text fly by on the screen. Use these for a special effect or to make the text or graphic easier to view.
Q.6
Explain the meaning of Networking explain its services.
Ans. No. 6. A computer network, often simply referred to as a network, is a collection of computers and devices interconnected by communications channels that facilitate communications and allows sharing of resources and information among interconnected devices.[1] Put more simply, a computer network is a collection of two or more computers linked together for the purposes of sharing information, resources, among other things. Computer networking or Data Communications (Datacom) is the engineering discipline concerned with computer networks. Computer networking is sometimes considered a sub-discipline of electrical engineering, telecommunications, computer science, information technology and/or computer engineering since it relies heavily upon the theoretical and practical application of these scientific and engineering disciplines. A communications protocol defines the formats and rules for exchanging information via a network. Well-known communications protocols are Ethernet, which is a family of protocols used in LANs, the Internet Protocol Suite, which is used not only in the eponymous Internet, but today nearly ubiquitously in any computer network.
1.
Basic connective Services :
The PCs in a networking must have special system software that enables them to function in a networking environment. Client and server machine requireds specified software compoents. A computer that is strictly a server often cannot provide ant client functionally. A computer is a peer to peer metworking function as both a client and server: thus, its required the client and server software.
Opreating systems such as Windows NT Workstation and Windows 95 both od which are peer to peer networking operating system, include of services and utilities that facilities metworking.
2.
File Services. Information is stored on the hard disk in the form of a file. File service provide the means to share the files and folders on a computers hard disk several network computers. Few services are listed below. File Transfer Services. File Storage File Archiving File update Synchronization Date Migration
Q.7
Explain type of Networking Toplogies.
Ans. No. 7. Network topology is the layout pattern of interconnections of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer or biological network. Network topologies may be physical or logical. Physical topology refers to the physical design of a network including the devices, location and cable installation. Logical topology refers to how data is actually transferred in a network as opposed to its physical design. In general physical topology relates to a core network whereas logical topology relates to basic network. Peer to Peer The simplest topology is a permanent link between two endpoints. Switched Peer to Peer topologies are the basic model of conventional telephony. The value of a permanent point-to-point network is unimpeded communications between the two endpoints. The value of an on-demand on is proportional to the number of potential pairs of subscribers, and has been expressed as Metcalfe's Law. Bus In local area networks where bus topology is used, each node is connected to a single cable. Each computer or server is connected to the single bus cable. A signal from the source travels in both directions to all machines connected on the bus cable until it finds the intended recipient. If the machine address does not match the intended address for the data, the machine ignores the data. Alternatively, if the data does match the machine address, the data is accepted. Since the bus topology
consists of only one wire, it is rather inexpensive to implement when compared to other topologies. However, the low cost of implementing the technology is offset by the high cost of managing the network. Additionally, since only one cable is utilized, it can be thesingle point of failure. If the network cable breaks, the entire network will be down.
Star In local area networks with a star topology, each network host is connected to a central hub with a point-to-point connection. All traffic that traverses the network passes through the central hub. The hub acts as a signal repeater. The star topology is considered the easiest topology to design and implement. An advantage of the star topology is the simplicity of adding additional nodes. The primary disadvantage of the star topology is that the hub represents a single point of failure.
Ring A network topology that is set up in a circular fashion in which data travels around the ring in one direction and each device on the right acts as a repeater to keep the signal strong as it travels. Each device incorporates a receiver for the incoming signal and a transmitter to send the data on to the next device in the ring. The network is dependent on the ability of the signal to travel around the ring. Mesh The value of fully meshed networks is proportional to the exponent of the number of subscribers, assuming that communicating groups of any two endpoints, up to and including all the endpoints, is approximated by Reed's Law.
Q.8
Explain type of Networking Toplogies.
Ans. No. 8. A computer network, often simply referred to as a network, is a collection of computers and devices interconnected by communications channels that facilitate communications and allows sharing of resources and information among interconnected devices. Put more simply, a computer network is a collection of two or more computers linked together for the purposes of sharing information, resources, among other things. Computer networking or Data Communications (Datacom) is the engineering discipline concerned with computer networks. Local Area Network A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as home, school, computer laboratory or office building. [1] The defining characteristics of LANs, in contrast to wide area networks (WANs), include their usually higher data-transfer rates, smaller geographic area, and lack of a need for leased telecommunication lines.
Wide Area Network A wide area network (WAN) is a telecommunication network that covers a broad area (i.e., any network that links across metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries). Business and government entities utilize WAN to relay data among employees, clients, buyers, and suppliers from various geographical locations. In essence this mode of telecommunication allows a business to effectively carry out its daily function regardless of location.
Metropolitan Area Network A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus. A MAN usually interconnects a number of local area networks (LANs) using a high-capacity backbone technology, such as fiber-optical links, and provides up-link services to wide area networks (or WAN) and the Internet.
Q.9
Explain type of Networking Topologies.
Ans. No. 9. The HTML element FONT is an inline element used to change font sizes, font colors and font styles of the text in your webpages, but it is deprecated in HTML 4.0 in favor of cascading style sheets. The reason for this is simple: CSS (cascading style sheets) give you much more flexibility and many more styling options than the FONT element. Font Sizes As you have seen in the previous lessons, the font used by default is the one which is set up as the default text font in your browser. Usually this is "Times New Roman", black color and size 3. To change the font size of the text on your webpages, you simply embed the text in the FONT element and add the SIZEattribute with a value between 1 (very small) and 7 (very big) to the opening font tag. See example below.
<h1>Different Font Sizes</h1> Text in standard font, usually "Times New Roman" - size: 3 - color: black. size="1"> size="2"> size="4"> size="5"> size="6"> size="7"> Font Font Font Font Font Font size size size size size size 1 2 4 5 6 7 
Font Colors To change the text color you need to add the attribute COLOR to the opening FONT tag and assign it a value for the color. The color value can be any of the following 16 color names: black, silver, white, gray, maroon, red, blue, green, yellow, purple, fuchsia, cyan, lime, olive, navy, teal, aqua. Instead of the color names, you can also use the hexadecimal numbers for the colors, which are specified according to the RGB value for each color. The hexadecimal numbers must be prefixed by the "#" sign. Examples: #000099 for dark blue or #FFFF99 for a faint yellow. <h1>Different Font Colors</h1> Text in standard font, usually "Times New Roman" - size: 2 - color: black. size="4" color="blue"> Font size 4, blue color size="5" color="green"> Font size 5, green color size="2" color="#FFFF00"> Font size 2, yellow color color="#FF0000"> Standard font size, red color
Different Fonts To change the font style from the default (Times New Roman) to a different style, simply add the attribute FACE to the opening FONT tag. As value for the FACE attribute you can use any specific font name such as "verdana", "arial", "georgia", "bookman old style", "comic sans ms" and many more. Alternatively you may use generic font styles such as "serif", "sans-serif", "cursive", "fantasy" and "monospace". The font face values are caseinsensitive, i.e. it doesnt matter whether you type "Arial" or "arial". Beware ! Not all users might have all the font styles installed on their computers, so especially when you are planning to use very specific fonts, you should specify at least one alternative font style (either a more common font name or a generic font). Simply add one
or two more comma-separated values to the FACE attribute, which is also shown in the example below. <h1>Different Font Faces, Colors and Sizes Combined</h1> Text in standard font, usually "Times New Roman" - size: 3 - color: black. font face Verdana font face: Mistral, size: 6, color: navy font face Comic Sans MS font face Courier, size 2 font face Helvetica, alternatively Arial, color: dark green <h2>generic font styles</h2> cursiv (f.ex. Comic Sans MS) monospace (f.ex. Courier New) fantasy (f.ex. Western) sans-serif (f.ex. Helvetica) serif (f.ex. Times) 
Q.10 Display the following Output. Ans. No. 10. <html> <body> Date : 13th October, 2007
Scientific :- H2O + O = H2O Maths :- (x + y )2 = x2 + 2xy + y2 </body> </html>
Q.11 Display the following Output. Well Come to my Website Ans. No. 11.
<html> <body> <marquee direction="right" bgcolor=yellow loop="1">
Welcome To My Website </marquee> </body> </html>

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Shree V.J. Modha College of Information Technology.

Semester: 1st Date : 10th Aug 2011

Prepared By. Kuldeep Singh

Guided By. Miss. Dhirti

What is HTML? Illustrate the history of HTML.

Prepared By. Kuldeep Singh

Guided By. Miss. Dhirti

Explain the structure HTML.

Ans. No. 2. An HTML document has two* main parts:

Prepared By. Kuldeep Singh

Guided By. Miss. Dhirti

Explain the Comment Tag.

Prepared By. Kuldeep Singh

Guided By. Miss. Dhirti

Explain Text Formatting Tags .

Prepared By. Kuldeep Singh

Guided By. Miss. Dhirti

Prepared By. Kuldeep Singh

Guided By. Miss. Dhirti

Explain the meaning of Networking explain its services.

Basic connective Services :

Prepared By. Kuldeep Singh

Guided By. Miss. Dhirti

Explain type of Networking Toplogies.

Prepared By. Kuldeep Singh

Guided By. Miss. Dhirti

Prepared By. Kuldeep Singh

Guided By. Miss. Dhirti

Explain type of Networking Toplogies.

Prepared By. Kuldeep Singh

Guided By. Miss. Dhirti

Explain type of Networking Topologies.

Prepared By. Kuldeep Singh

Guided By. Miss. Dhirti

Prepared By. Kuldeep Singh

Guided By. Miss. Dhirti

Prepared By. Kuldeep Singh

Guided By. Miss. Dhirti

<html> <body> <marquee direction="right" bgcolor=yellow loop="1">

Prepared By. Kuldeep Singh

Guided By. Miss. Dhirti

<p><font color=red><font size="6">Welcome To My Website</font></font> </p></marquee> </body> </html>

Prepared By. Kuldeep Singh

Guided By. Miss. Dhirti

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