Markup languages are designed for the processing, definition and presentation of text.

The language specifies code for formatting, both the layout and style, within a text file. The code used to specify the formatti HTML: By using html we can create only static web pages of the site do not require any special processing from the server. DHTML: It means Dynamic HTML it means we can create dynamic web pages. If you style sheets and java scripts in the html file then only we can call that file is dhtml. Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Compare_and_contrast_between_HTML_and_DHTML#ixzz1 KDNdQbging are called tags. HTML is a an example of a widely known and used markup language. A high-level programming language that isinterpreted by another program at runtime rather than compiled by the computer??s processor as other programming languages (such as C andC++) are. Scripting languages, which can be embedded within HTML, commonly are used to add functionality to a Web page, such as different menu styles or graphic displays or to serve dynamic advertisements. These types of languages are client-side scripting languages, affecting the data that the end user sees in a browser window. Other scripting languages areserver-side scripting languages that manipulate the data, usually in adatabase, on the server. Scripting languages came about largely because of the development of the Internet as a communications tool. JavaScript, ASP, JSP, PHP, Perl, Tcl andPython are examples of scripting languages.

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language originally designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. For this purpose, PHP code is embedded into the HTML source document and interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module, which generates the web page document. It also has evolved to include a command-line interface capability and can be used in standalone graphical applications.[2]PHP can be deployed on most web servers and as a standalone interpreter, on almost every operating system and platform free of charge.[3]PHP is installed on more than 20 million websites and 1 million web servers.[4] PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995. The main implementation of PHP is now produced by The PHP Group and serves as the de facto standard for PHP as there is no formal specification.[5] PHP is free software released under the PHP License; it is incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL) due to restrictions on the usage of the term PHP.[6]

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to server-side web development where PHP generally runs on a web server. Any PHP code in a requested file isexecuted by the PHP runtime, usually to create dynamic web page content or dynamic images used on web sites or elsewhere[32]. It can also be used for command-line scripting andclientside GUI applications. PHP can be deployed on most web servers, many operating systems and platforms, and can be used with many relational database management systems(RDBMS). It is available free of charge, and the PHP Group provides the complete source code for users to build, customize and extend for their own use.[3] PHP primarily acts as a filter,[33] taking input from a file or stream containing text and/or PHP instructions and outputs another stream of data; most commonly the output will be HTML. Since PHP 4, the PHP parser compiles input to produce bytecode for processing by the Zend Engine, giving improved performance over its interpreter predecessor.[34] Originally designed to create dynamic web pages, PHP now focuses mainly on server-side scripting,[35] and it is similar to other server-side scripting languages that provide dynamic content from a web server to a client, such as Microsoft's Asp.net, Sun Microsystems' JavaServer Pages,[36] and mod_perl. PHP has also attracted the development of many frameworksthat provide building blocks and a design structure to promote rapid application development (RAD). Some of these include CakePHP, Symfony, CodeIgniter, and Zend Framework, offering features similar to other web application frameworks.

Standard CGI, FastCGI and Apache module support - As a standard CGI program, PHP can be installed on any UNIX machine running any UNIX web server. With support for the new FastCGI standard, PHP can take advantage of the speed improvements gained through this mechanism. As an Apache module, PHP becomes an extremely powerful and lightning fast alternative to CGI programmimg. Access Logging - With the access logging capabilities of PHP, users can maintain their own hit counting and logging. It does not use the system's central access log files in any way, and it provides real-time access monitoring. The Log Viewer Script provides a quick summary of the accesses to a set of pages owned by an individual user. In addition to that, the package can be configured to generate a footer on every page which shows access information. See the bottom of this page for an example of this. Access Control - A built-in web-based configuration screen handles access control configuration. It is possible to create rules for all or some web pages owned by a certain person which place various restrictions on who can view these pages and how they will be viewed. Pages can be password protected, completely restricted, logging disabled and more based on the client's domain, browser, e-mail address or even the referring document.

y y

y y

y y y y

PostgresSQL Support - Postgres is an advanced free RDBMS. PHP supports embedding PostgreSQL "SQL queries" directly in .html files. RFC-1867 File Upload Support - File Upload is a new feature in Netscape 2.0. It lets users upload files to a web server. PHP provides the actual Mime decoding to make this work and also provides the additional framework to do something useful with the uploaded file once it has been received. HTTP-based authentication control - PHP can be used to create customized HTTP-based authentication mechanisms for the Apache web server. Variables, Arrays, Associative Arrays - PHP supports typed variables, arrays and even Perl-like associative arrays. These can all be passed from one web page to another using either GET or POST method forms. Conditionals, While Loops - PHP supports a full-featured C-like scripting language. You can have if/then/elseif/else/endif conditions as well as while loops and switch/case statements to guide the logical flow of how the html page should be displayed. Extended Regular Expressions - Regular expressions are heavily used for pattern matching, pattern substitutions and general string manipulation. PHP supports all common regular expression operations. Raw HTTP Header Control - The ability to have web pages send customized raw HTTP headers based on some condition is essential for high-level web site design. A frequent use is to send a Location: URL header to redirect the calling client to some other URL. It can also be used to turn off cacheing or manipulate the last update header of pages. On-the-fly GIF image creation - PHP has support for Thomas Boutell's GD image library which makes it possible to generate GIF images on the fly. ISP "Safe Mode" support - PHP supports an unique "Safe Mode" which makes it safe to have multiple users run PHP scripts on the same server. Many more new features are being added in newer releases of PHP. Visit the main web site at http://www.php.net It's Free! - One final essential feature. The package is completely free. It is licensed under the GNU/GPL which allows you to use the software for any purpose, commercial or otherwise.

NOTE: A notion closely related to data protection isinformation hiding. Access modifiers make information hiding possible by exposing an interface (as defined in Chapter 2). This is also referred to as encapsulation of an object. Built-in Classes Every OOP language comes with some built-in classes, and PHP is no exception. PHP 5 introduces the Standard PHP Library (SPL), which provides a number of ready-made classes and interfaces. As of version 5.1, depending upon how PHP is configured, all in all, there are well over 100 built-in classes and interfaces -- a healthy increase from the number available in version 5.0.

Having ready-made objects speeds up development, and native classes written in C offer significant performance advantages. Even if these built-in classes don't do exactly what you want, they can easily be extended to suit your needs. NOTE: There are far too many classes for us to deal with all of them in this book, and some are still not very well documented. We'll focus on the classes that are especially noteworthy. Exceptions All OOP languages support exceptions, which are the OO way of handling errors. In order to use exceptions, we need the keywords try, catch, and throw. A try blockencloses code that may cause an error. If an error occurs, it is thrown and caught by acatch block. The advantage of exceptions over errors is that exceptions can be handled centrally, making for much cleaner code. Exceptions also significantly reduce the amount of error-trapping code you need to write, which offers welcome relief from an uninspiring task. Also, having a built-in exception class makes it very easy to create your own customized exceptions through inheritance. (You'll learn how to make the transition from error trapping to exception handling in the section "Replacing Errors with Exceptions" on page 79.)

In computer networking, localhost (meaning this computer) is the standard hostname given to the address of the loopback network interface. The name is also a reserved top-leveldomain name[1] (cf. .localhost), set aside to avoid confusion with the narrower definition as a hostname. On modern computer systems, localhost as a hostname translates to an IPv4 address in the 127.0.0.0/8 (loopback) net block, usually 127.0.0.1, or ::1 in IPv6.[2] Localhost is specified where one would otherwise use the hostname of a computer. For example, directing a web browser installed on a system running an HTTP server to http://localhost will display the home page of the local web site, provided the server is configured to service the loopback interface. Communicating with the loopback interface in an identical manner as with another computers on the network, but bypassing the local network interface hardware, is useful for the purposes of testing software. Connecting to locally hosted network services, such as a computer game server, or for other inter-process communications, can be performed through loopback addresses in a highly efficient manner.

The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Internet Standard document STD-2 series (e.g., RFC 1700) reserved the 127.0.0.0/8 address block for loopback purposes.[3] until such definitions were updated exclusively through the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) website.[4] A later IETF document, Special-Use IPv4 Addresses (RFC 3330) describes the usage of the IPv4 address block 127.0.0.0/8 for loopback purposes.[5] It is therefore excluded from assignment by a Regional Internet Registry or IANA.

Default name describing the local computer address also known as the loopback address of the computer. For example, typing: "ping localhost" would ping the local IP address of 127.0.0.1 (the loopback address).

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an international community where Member organizations, a full-time staff, and the public work together to develop Web standards. Led by Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee and CEO Jeffrey Jaffe, W3C's mission is to lead the Web to its full potential. Contact W3C for more information.

The primary function of a web server is to deliver web pages on the request to clients. This means delivery of HTML documents and any additional content that may be included by a document, such as images, style sheets and JavaScripts. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) are widely recognized for their contributions to building fastloading, standards-compliant, easily modifiable web pages. In addition to these well-known capabilities, CSS can provide some compelling SEO/SEM benefits. These include:
y

y y

Moving important content -- especially the unique text that you want the page to rank for, along with any related links -- to the top of the HTML file. This is probably the single most important reason for using CSS from an SEO perspective, and can have a significant impact on rankings. Making pages "lighter" in weight, and decreasing the code-to-content ratio. Done properly, this can make your entire site easier and more efficient to crawl, leading to more and better indexing of your site's content. Using standard HTML tags, such as <h1>, which search engines recognize as indicators of important content, instead of fancy <font> tags Using standard HTML tags, such as <ul> and <a> to construct menus that contain standard HTML links to other important areas of your site. This makes these links easily discoverable by search engines, helping ensure more efficient and deeper crawling of your site.

In addition to this direct impact, CSS can also provide these benefits in your ongoing search engine optimization and search engine marketing efforts:
y

By separating content and presentation, you can very easily experiment with different copy and presentation (for example font, background color, etc.) and test what converts best Less time spent maintaining web sites frees up webmaster resources, helping you to implement more and fresher content, and more SEO/SEM strategies

The remainder of this article digs deeper into these issues and overviews the CSS techniques you can use to achieve some of these benefits.

The <script> Tag The script tag has two purposes: 1. It identifies a block of script in the page. 2. It loads a script file. Which it does depends on the presence of the src attribute. A </script> close tag is required in either case. A script tag can contain these attributes: src="url" The src attribute is optional. If it is present, then its value is a url which identifies a .js file. The loading and processing of the page pauses while the browser fetches, compiles, and executes the file. The content between the <script src="url"> and the </script> should be blank. If the src attribute is not present, then the content text between the <script> and the </script> is compiled and executed. The script should not contain the sequence </ because it could be confused with the </script>. Inserting a backslash between < and / in strings avoids the problem. <\/ The backslash will be ignored by the JavaScript compiler. Do not use the <!-- //--> hack with scripts. It was intended to prevent scripts from showing up as text on the first generation browsers Netscape 1 and Mosaic. It has not been necessary for many years. <!-- //--> is supposed to signal an HTML comment. Comments should be

ignored, not compiled and executed. Also, HTML comments are not to include --, so a script that decrements has an HTML error. language="javascript" This attribute has been deprecated. It was used to select other programming languages and specific versions of JavaScript. You don't need it. Don't use it. type="text/javascript" This attribute is optional. Since Netscape 2, the default programming language in all browsers has been JavaScript. In XHTML, this attribute is required and unnecessary. In HTML, it is better to leave it out. The browser knows what to do. defer This attribute was intended to alter the timing of component loading in pages. It is not well supported and should not be used. for="name" event="name" This attribute is a Microsoft feature for declaring event handlers. It is not standard. Don't use it. Placement A <script src="url"></script> will block the downloading of other page components until the script has been fetched, compiled, and executed. It is better to call for the script as late as possible, so that the loading of images and other components will not be delayed. This can improve the perceived and actual page loading time. So it is usually best to make all <script src="url"></script> the last features before the </body>. An in-page <script> does not have a significant impact on loading time. If a script is defining functions or data that are used by other functions, then the defining must be done before use. So the defining scripts must come before the using scripts. document.write The document.write method provides a way of incorporating strings into the HTML content of the page. There are better ways to do that, such as .innerHTML and.createElement or HTML cloning patterns. Use of document.write should be avoided. document.write is recklessly dependent on timing. If document.write is called before the onload event, it appends or inserts text into the page. If it is called afteronload, it completely replaces the page, destroying what came before. document.write encourages bad structure, in which script and markup are intermingled. A cleaner structure has minimal interaction between markup and script.

The Script Tag Hack The src attribute, surprisingly, is not constrained by the Same Origin Policy. This means that a script element can be created which can go to any server, fetch a script, and execute it. If the script causes the delivery of JSON-encoded data, then this is a very useful thing. Unfortunately, there is no way to constrain the script or to inspect it before it executes. It runs with the same authority as scripts from the page. So the script can access and use its cookies. It can access the originating server using the user's authorization. It can inspect the DOM and the JavaScript global object, and send any information it finds anywhere in the world. The Script Tag Hack is not secure and should be avoided.

The primary function of a web browser is to give you access to the world wide web. Note that there is a difference between the world wide web and the internet. Put simply the world wide web is the collection of documents, images that you commonly view when surfing. The Internet is the network of computers connected to each other - much more goes on than just web browsing - such as email, file to file transfer and newsgroups. As stated the number one function of a web browser is to give users access to the world wide web, the browser understands the programming langauges used to write web pages and convert them to readable and viewable documents. However, as the internet has developed the web browsers have also enhanced their capabilities to take advantage of the changing enviroment - you are now able to play games through the browser, use chat rooms and use more interactive websites. In this way the Web Browser purpose has extened to cover other aspects of the Internet. A browser is an application that provides a way to look at and interact with all the information on the World Wide Web. Technically, a web browser uses HTTP to make requests of web servers throughout the Internet on behalf of the browser user. In other words, a web browser is a software application that allows one to view pages on the World Wide Web. The history of the web browser can be traced back to 1991, when a computer guru named Tim Berners-Lee invented the very first web browser. It premiered on February 26, 1991, and ran on NeXSTEP. It was called WorldWideWeb, but was later renamed Nexus in an effort to avoid confusion with the World Wide Web. There are different web browsers that are available and in use today and they all come with a variety of features. Some of the available web browsers include Amaya, AOL Explorer, Arachne, Arlington Kiosk, Avant, Camino, Dillo, Elinks, Epiphany, Flock, Galeon, iCab, Internet Explorer, Internet Explorer for Mac, K-Meleon, KioWare, Konqueror, Links, Lynx,

Maxthon, Mosaic, Mozilla, Mozilla Firefox, Netscape, OmniWeb, SeaMonkey, Safari, Opera and Off By One. Most of these web browsers are free, but there are five of them that do have a purchase price. Web browsers also come with some features. Some common features that are included with web browsers are spell checkers, search engine toolbars, download managing, password managing, bookmark managing, as well as form managing. Accessibility features that may be included with many web browsers include page zooming, ad filtering, pop-up blocking, tabbed browsing, incremental finding, HTML access keys, voice controls, mouse gestures, spatial navigation, text to speech, and caret navigation. With so many web browsers being available, there are a number of different technologies that are supported. Some of them are frames, Java, XSLT, XForms, RSS, Atom, SVG, WML, VoiceXML, MathML, and XHTML. Also, with many web browsers, support for different languages is possible, and some of the different languages that are supported by web browsers include English, Slovak, Arabic, German, Dutch, Turkish, Swedish, Chinese, French, Spanish, Thai, Hebrew, Italian, Greek, Russian, Polish, Welsh, as well as hundreds more. A web browser is a powerful tool, and isn't just used for personal computers anymore; there are web browsers that can be used on mobile phones, handheld game systems, as well as pocket PC's. Web browsers can also be personalized to an individuals needs by utilizing web browser accessories that are not included with the initial browser software. These applications are referred to as 'plug ins', and a few of the more popular ones are Beatnik, QuickTime, RealPlayer, Shockwave, VivoActive Player, as well as Adobe Acrobat Reader. Beatnik is utilized to receive high-quality sound and audio from websites. QuickTime, which is a product of Apple, Inc., works as a delivery system for such things as 3D animation, audio, movies, MIDI soundtracks, and virtual reality. RealPlayer delivers on demand audio and video without the hassle of waiting for downloads to complete. Shockwave allows multimedia files to be viewed directly in a web browser. VivoActive allows viewing of on demand audio and video from sites that offer VivoActive content, and Adobe Acrobat Reader allows access to PDF files on the World Wide Web. Knowing all of the web browsers and their specific uses, it will become easy to understand how choosing the right web browser can enhance the Internet experience. Read more Internet related articles at: builderstree.com %26#8211; Internet Tags: software, internet explorer for mac, application, Web, different web browsers

types of web browsers and their features, israeli web browswers, xforms in different browsers, kinds of web browsers, israeli web browser, What are the different Web servers & Web browsers used nowadays?, what are the different web browsers Similar XForms | XML Posts  Essential productivity tools for XML software  XHTML & HTML Essential Training 09 13 Touring  XHTML & HTML Essential Training 09 08 Home pt1 Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation Applications often use XSLT to convert XML data into HTML or XHTML documents for display as a web page. The transformation may happen dynamically either on a client or on a server, or it may be done as part of the publishing process. It is also used to create output for printing or direct video display, typically by transforming the original XML into XSL Formatting Objects to create formatted output which can then be converted to a variety of formats, including PDF, PostScript and PNG. XSLT can also translate XML messages between different XML schemas, or make changes to documents within the scope of a single schema, for example by removing the parts of a message that are not needed.