NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS

Laboratory of Thermal Turbomachines

EFFICIENT LOW TEMPERATURE GEOTHERMAL BINARY POWER

Computer modelling and optimization of Rankine cycles for low temperature power generation Kontoleontos Evgenia

Centre for Renewable Energy Sources

LOW-BIN PROJECT
Low-Bin Final Workshop : Braunau 28 August

LOW BIN PROJECT Objective of the projects

Development and demonstration of the ORC power plant with geothermal water temperature of 65-90C 80C

Our Objective
Computer Modelling of the Rankine Cycle Optimization of the Rankine Cycle Optimal Rankine Cycles

80C

Low-Bin Final Thermal Turbomachines, NTUA, K.C. Giannakoglou, Lab.Workshop : Braunau 28 August Greece

Modelling Rankine Cycles Components

Modelling of the condenser Modelling of the heat exchanger R134a
Cooling Heat Exchanger

shell and tube condenser

Geothermal Heat Exchanger

plate heat exchanger (PHE) with corrugated parallel plates

Development of a software which uses the fluids properties and provides us with the thermodynamic properties of each point on the Rankine Cycle.

Optimization of the Rankine cycle

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Low-Bin Final Thermal Turbomachines, NTUA, K.C. Giannakoglou, Lab.Workshop : Braunau 28 August Greece

Cooling Heat Exchanger

Overall heat transfer coefficient : Laminar condensation on tubes surface :
Uo = 1 Ao 1 Ao ln ( ro / ri ) 1 + + 2 kL Ai hi ho

( v )gh fg k f ho = 0.725 f d (Tg Tw )

Nuk D Nu = 0 . 023 Re uD Re = hi =

0.25

Turbulent flow of the cooling water inside the tubes :

0 .8

Pr

0 .4

Low-Bin Final Thermal Turbomachines, NTUA, K.C. Giannakoglou, Lab.Workshop : Braunau 28 August Greece

Geothermal Heat Exchanger

U sp / l =

Overall heat transfer coefficient for each phase:

Single phase flow
Re = cf = uL

1 1 , U tp = x x 1 1 1 1 + + + + hsp / l ktit hgw htp ktit hgw 1 x 1 1 + + hsp / g ktit hgw

U sp / g =

Liquid Two Phase Vapor Evaporation heat transfer Two phase

2 kl Re l h fg = C D LP e 0.4124

0.074 1050 0.2 Re Re c 1 St = f 2 2 Pr 3 N u = St R e P r Nu k h sp / l , g / gw = L

hwf ,tp

p p cr

0.12

65

0.35

Low-Bin Final Thermal Turbomachines, NTUA, K.C. Giannakoglou, Lab.Workshop : Braunau 28 August Greece

Rankine cycle optimization

In order to optimize the Rankine cycle of the plant we had to define:

1. The variables of the optimization

the pressure of the liquid working fluid at the pump outlet, p2 the pressure of the liquid working fluid at the pump inlet, p1
& the mass flow rate of the working fluid in the cycle, mwf

Low-Bin Final Thermal Turbomachines, NTUA, K.C. Giannakoglou, Lab.Workshop : Braunau 28 August Greece

Rankine cycle optimization

2. The objectives of the optimization :
Maximize net overall efficiency of the plant
cycle =
N elect N pumps Qground =

gen inv (h4 h5 ) mwf N pumps

(h

gw1

hgw 2 ) mgw

Minimize the cost of the plant

Minimize both Exchangers surface

using the EASY software code (Evolutionary Algorithm System) by National Technical University of Athens http://velos0.ltt.mech.ntua.gr/EASY

Low-Bin Final Workshop : Braunau 28 August K.C. Giannakoglou, Lab. Thermal Turbomachines, TUA, Greece

ORC with temperature threshold of 80C

Optimal solutions
2nd objective

1st objective

(m2)
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Low-Bin Final Thermal Turbomachines, NTUA, K.C. Giannakoglou, Lab.Workshop : Braunau 28 August Greece

ORC with temperature threshold of 80C

Optimal solutions
2nd objective

1st objective

(m2)

Low-Bin Final Thermal Turbomachines, NTUA, K.C. Giannakoglou, Lab.Workshop : Braunau 28 August Greece

ORC with temperature threshold of 80C

Parameter
p2 (kPa) mgr (kg/sec) mR134a (kg/sec) H (C) C (C) R134a pump power (kW) Cooling water flow (kg/sec) Surface of the condenser (m2) Surface of the heat exchanger (m2) Total H.E. surface (m2) Net conversion efficiency Net Electrical Power (kW)

Value
1876 60 18.5 15 5 30 164.5 2158 597 2755 5.77 217

P.H.E. - plate heat exchanger

Length of the plate (m) Width of the plate (m) Number of plates Total length of the exchanger (m) 1.43 0.8 520 1.6

Shell and tube condenser

Diameter of the tube (cm) Number of tubes Length of the condenser (m) 1.3 29 5.5

Low-Bin Final Thermal Turbomachines, NTUA, K.C. Giannakoglou, Lab.Workshop : Braunau 28 August Greece

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Comparison between different temperature thresholds

Temperature threshold at 80, 100, 120,140 C

Low-Bin Final Thermal Turbomachines, NTUA, K.C. Giannakoglou, Lab.Workshop : Braunau 28 August Greece

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Comparison between different temperature thresholds

Variable
P2 (bar) mgeothermal (kg/sec) mR134a (kg/sec) R134a pump power (kW) cooling water flow (kg/sec) Condenser surface (m) Surface of the PHE (m) Total H.E. surface (m) Net conversion efficiency Net electrical Power (kW)

T = 80C
16.24 60 18.5 22 167 1647 445 2092 4.6 172

T = 100C
26.51 60 17.5 47 161 1629 397 2026 7.3 277

T = 120C
29.98 60 16 53 159 1831 154 1986 8.7 332

T = 140C
29.98 60 16 53 161 1785 83 1867 8.8 336

Low-Bin Final Thermal Turbomachines, NTUA, K.C. Giannakoglou, Lab.Workshop : Braunau 28 August Greece

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NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS

Laboratory of Thermal Turbomachines

EFFICIENT LOW TEMPERATURE GEOTHERMAL BINARY POWER

Computer modelling and optimization of Rankine cycles for low temperature power generation Kontoleontos Evgenia

Centre for Renewable Energy Sources

LOW-BIN PROJECT
Low-Bin Final Workshop : Braunau 28 August