Topic : DIFFERENTIATION Problems of Rates of Change

If y = f (x) and x = g(t), then using the chain rule dy dy dx dy is the rate of change of , where dt dx dt dt dx y and is the rate of change of x. dt

Task 1 : Answer all the questions below. (1) Given that y 3x 2 2 x and x is increasing at a constant rate of 2 unit per second, find the rate of change of y when x = 4 unit.

(2) Given that y 4 x 2 x and x is increasing at a constant rate of 4 unit per second, find the rate of change of y when x = 0.5 unit.

dx 2 dt y 3x 2 2 x dy 6x 2 dx When x 4 dy 6 ( 4) 2 dx 22 dy dy dx dt dx dt (22)(2) 44 unit s 1

(3) Given that v 9 x
12 unit s 1

1 and x is increasing at a x

(4) SPM 2004 (Paper 1 Question 21) [3 marks] Two variables, x and y, are related by the equation

constant rate of 3 unit per second, find the rate of change of v when x = 1 unit.

2 y 3x . Given that y increases at a constant x

rate of 4 unit per second, find the rate of change of x when x =2.

30 unit s 1

8 5

unit s 1

Differentiation

Task 2 : Answer all the questions below. (1) The area of a circle of radius r cm increases at a constant rate of 10 cm2 per second. Find the rate of change of r when r = 2 cm. ( Use = 3.142 ) Answer :

(2) The area of a circle of radius r cm increases at a constant rate of 16 cm2 per second. Find the rate of change of r when r = 3 cm. ( Use = 3.142 )

dA 10 dt A r2 dA 2 r dr When r 2 cm dA 2 (2) dr 4 dA dA dr dt dr dt dr 10 4 dt dr 0.7957 cm s 1 dt

(3) The volume of a sphere of radius r cm increases at a constant rate of 20 cm3 per second. Find the rate of change of r when r = 1 cm. ( Use = 3.142 ) by V

0.8487 cm s 1

(4) The volume of water , V cm, in a container is given

1 3 h 8h, where h cm is the height of the 3

water in the container. Water is poured into the container at the rate of 10 cm 3 s -1 . Find the rate of change of the height of water, in cm 3 s -1 , at the instant when its height is 2 cm. [3 marks]

1.591 cm s 1

5 6

cm s 1

Differentiation

Task 3 : Answer all the questions below. Example :

h cm

(1) A spherical air bubble is formed at the base of a pond. When the bubble moves to the surface of the water, it expands. If the radius of the bubble is expanding at the rate of 0.05 cm s 1 , find the rate at which the volume of the bubble is increasing when its radius is 2 cm.

The above figure shows a cube of volume 729 cm. If the water level in the cube, h cm, is increasing at the rate of 0.8 cm s 1 , find the rate of increase of the volume of water. Solution : Let each side of the cube be x cm. Volume of the cube = 729 cm x = 729 x = 9

h cm 9 cm 9 cm 9 cm Rate of change of the volume of water, dV dV dh Chain rule dt dh dt

0.8 cm3 s 1

(2) If the radius of a circle is decreasing at the rate

of 0.2 cm s 1 , find the rate of decrease of the area of the circle when its radius is 3 cm.

81 0.8
V = 9 x 9 x h = 81h

dh =rate of increase of dt the water level

= 0.8 cm s

dV =81 dh

64.8 cm 3 s 1
Hence, the rate of increase of the volume of water is 64.8 cm s 1 .

1.2 cm2 s 1

Differentiation

(3) The radius of a spherical balloon increases at the rate of 0.5 cm s 1. Find the rate of change in the volume when the radius is 15 cm.

(4) The edge of a cube is decreasing at the rate of 3 cm s 1. Find the rate of change in the volume when the volume is 64 cm3.

144 cm s 450 cm3 s 1 (5) Diagram 1 shows a conical container with a (6) Oil is poured into an inverted right circular cone of diameter of 60 cm and height of 40 cm. Water is base radius 6 cm and height 18 cm at the rate of poured into the container at a constant rate of 2 cm 3 s -1 . Find the rate of increase of the height of 3 -1 1 000 cm s . water level when the water level is 6 cm high. ( Use = 3.142 )
3

60 cm

40 cm Water

Diagram 1
Calculate the rate of change of the radius of the water level at the instant when the radius of the water is 6 cm. (Use = 3.142; volume of cone

1 2 r h ) 3

6.631cm3 s 1

0.1591 cm s 1

Differentiation

(7)

4 cm

(8)

V 4x cm E H G D C 6x cm B

20 cm h cm

The above figure shows an inverted cone with a height of 20 cm and a base-radius of 4 cm. Water is poured into the cone at the rate of 5 cm s 1 but at the same time, water is dripping out from the cone due to a leakage a the rate of 1 cm s 1 . (a) If the height and volume of the water at time t s are h cm and V cm respectively, show that

6x cm

The above diagram shows a solid which consists of a cuboid with a square base of side 6x cm, surmounted by a pyramid of height 4x cm. The volume of the cuboid is 5832 cm. (a) Show that the total surface area of the solid, A cm, is given by A 96 x 2

1 V h 3 . 75
(b) Find he rate of increase of the water level in the cone at the moment the water level is 12 cm. ( Use = 3.142 )

3888 . x

(b) If the value of x increasing at the rate 0.08 cm s -1 , find the rate of increase of the total surface area of the solid at the instant x = 4.

(b) 0.2210 cm s 1

42 cm2 s 1

Differentiation