BALL TRACTION DRIVE

Mr.
Submitted By

PROJECT REPORT ON

SACHIN PANHALE

BO28872
Mr. JORDAN PEGADO

B024098

Under The Guidance Of

PROF. LONDHE SANDEEP P.

MAHARASTRA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,PUNE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICLE ENGINEEARING YASHWANTRAO CHAVAN MAHARASTRA OPEN UNIVERSITY,NASHIK.

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

2010-2011

MAHARASTRA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,PUNE

YASHWANTRAO CHAVAN MAHARASTRA OPEN UNIVERSITY,NASHIK.

This is to certify that Mr. SACHIN PANHALE Mr. JORDAN PEGADO has done the project work on have submitted this project report in partial fulfillment of The requirements for the degree ofbtech(mechanical)of the University of y.c.m.o.u. For the academic year 2010-2011

CERTIFICATE

BALL TRACTION DRIVE

PROF.A.U.PALANGE (Project Guide)

PROF.G.P.BORIKAR CO-ORDINATOR,BTECH MLEP PROGRAM YCMOU,MIT,PUNE. (External Examiner)

Acknowledgement
It gives an immense pleasure to submit this Project report entitled BALL TRACTION DRIVE .We have tried to our level best to Perform & represent this topic to the point framework. We wish to express our sincere thanks with profound gratitude to my guide PROF.A.U.PALANGE for his valuable guidance and constant encouragement without which it would have been impossible for group and complete this project successfully.
PROF.G.P.BORIKAR CO-ORDINATOR,BTECH MLEP PROGRAM YCMOU,MIT,PUNE.

We would like to extend our sincere and true thanks to my

and all the staff members for impairing me the best of their knowledge and guidance. Last but not the least, I thank all my friends for their assistance and help. Sachin panhale Jordan pegado B028872 B024098

INDEX
SR.NO. NO. CONTENTS PAGE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

INTRODUCTION CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING DESIGN PROCESS SHEET ADVANTAGES APPLICATION DISADVANTAGES CONCLUSION COST ESTIMATION REFERENCES

CHAPTER -- 1

INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION Machine tools are precise and complex machines that are produce various types, which are used to produce various types of components by metal cutting for removing the metal from a work piece, a relative motion is necessary between the tool and job. The various motion characteristics of machine tools are work motions & auxiliary motions. WORK MOTIONS These motions affect the process of chip removal. These are transmitted either to cutting tool or to work or both. Working motions include. a) Primary cutting motions. b) Feed motions. AUXILIARY MOTION These motions include, loading and claming the job, removing finished work clamping & swiveling units etc. all these motions are non- cutting motions these should be performed as fast as possible. DRIVES IN MACHINE TOOLS The primary motions of machine are power driven; similarly feed motions are also power driven on small machines. The operating cycle of machine tools, including both working and auxiliary motions and it is obtained by means of drive and definite units and mechanisms. The drive of machine tools consists of a) Source of energy b) Devices for transmitting power from source to operating elements ( (spindles, slides tables etc.) Machine tools are driven by either of these drive 1) group drive

2) Individual drives Each drive is selected on its own merits, but individual drives are more advantageous. In electrical drives the direct motor drive the machine shaft through direct coupling. In mechanical drive the transmission elements include belts and chains, toothed gearing or some multi purpose variable speed transmission. The transmission elements between the input & output shaft can perform the following functions.
a) Convert rotary motion into translator motion.

b) Convert rotary motion into rotary motion. c) Convert translator motion to translator motion. STEPPED MECHANICAL DRIVES With a constant speed motor, there is a need for some method of varying the speed over this range( Nmax- Nmin). In order to provide for a wide range of operating speeds together with adequate torque at lower spindle speed range be covered in a number of discrete speeds; ) stepped drives) The various stepped mechanical drives are as follows; a) Step- cone pulley drive b) All geared drives 1) Change gear system 2) Clutch type drive 3) Sliding gear type drive 4) Sliding key gear box NEED FOR STEPLESS DRIVE There are many machines and mechanical units that under varying circumstances make it desirable to be able to drive at an barely perceptible speed, an intermediate speed or a high speed.

Thus an infinitely variable ( stepless ) speed variation in which it is possible to get any desirable speed. Some mechanical, hydraulic, drives serve as such stepless drives. However the torque Vs speed characteristic of these drives do not match torque at low speeds. Hence the need of a stepless or infinitely variable speed drive with following characteristic :1) Stepless or infinitely varying speed. 2) Wide range of speed variation i.e. ( Nmax- Nmin). 3) Shifting from one speed to another should be shock less. 4) Minimum number of controls for speed changing. 5) Ease of operation. STEPLESS MECHANICAL DRIVES Stepless or infinitely variable main and feed drives have found considerable applications in modern machine tools. Their main advantages are as follows. The possibility of setting up the optimum cutting conditions ( speed & feeds ) with higher accuracy than with a stepped drive and the possibility of changing speeds of the main drives or feeds without stopping the machine. The stepless drives are of mechanical electrical, hydraulic or combined drive. They gave their own advantages and disadvantages. The selection will depend upon purpose of machine, range ratio power required & cost. Mechanical stepless drives of A) b) I. Friction type. Positive type. FRECTION TYPE STEPLESS MECHANICAL DRIVES

These drives are based on the principle the driven link contacts the driving link either directly or through some intermediate element ( roller, disc, ring) . The driven & driving elements are held tightly together and the friction force developed will cause one element to rotate when other is rotated. If the diameter is constant on both the elements ( driving & driven ) or on at least one of them is varied then the transmission ratio of the drive will vary accordingly.

There are many designs of friction type devices, which will be discussed in following sections. A) ROLLER AND DISC DRIVE

This is a very elementary friction drive. A single control lever permits smooth variation in speed ratios over a wide range from zero. When the roller is over the recessed portion of the disc to a maximum when the roller contacts the disc at its outer end the transmission ratio being given as : i = r/R (R being variable )

Direction of rotation can be completely reversed by bringing the friction roller into contact with the disc or either side of the recessed center portion .The roller must be mounted on splinted shaft to move it across the face of disc , while being positively driven by the shift . Drawbacks of this driver are : a) Uneven wear of the disc b) Rapid wear of roller c) Maintaining proper pressure between the contact surfaces is another cause of trouble . B) FRICTION CONE WITH FLAT BELT DRIVE The principle of this drive is the same as that of stepped cone pulley and belt system ,except that there are no fixed steps but rather it provides the possibility of very slight changes in speed ratios over a wide range of adjustments. Adjustment of speeds is obtained by means of a belt shifting device shown. To prevent the belt from slipping, the cone angle is usually 10o. The drive is not suitable for large powers due to flexibility of belt. C) SREADING CONICAL PULLEY DRIVE The distance between the pairs of driving and driven cone pulley can be changed by axially moving one member in each pair .With this

the diameter of contact of belt with the driving or driven pairs of cone pulleys can be varied together to obtain different transmission ratios . Instead of V-belt a hardened metal ring as the frictional member can be used .Mechanism very effectively used in the transmission of automobile ,commonly called a Variomatic drive; Two wheelers like Kinetic Honda ,TVS- Scooty , Honda Active use this type of drive . D) CONICAL DISC AND FRICTION ROLLER DRIVE Friction roller arranged between spherically- shaped cones or disc on the driving and driven shafts may be inclined in different positions .This will change the radius of contact between the roller and the driving and the driven discs and there by the transmission ratio. When the axis of the top and bottom rollers coincide vertically, the speed of the driving and driven pulleys will be same . The speed of the driven shaft is transmitted to the spindle through a V-belt drive. By changing the position of the roller along the spherical of cones (driving and drive ) spindle speeds can be infinitely varied from the minimum to maximum values. The range can be 4 to 8. by combining the friction drive (Svetozorav drive ) with a 3 stage geared head stock a still wide range of infinitely variable speed can be obtained . II )POSITIVE DRIVE The positive infinitely variable ( PIV ) drive is a variant of , Spreading conical pulley friction drive,)in which a chain a used in place of belt and conical faces of the alloy steel wheels are grooves . The wheels mounted on the splined shafts are free to move laterally .A control hand wheel moves the control levers about central pivots to change the ratio of the effective wheel diameters .The chain links are slideable transverse slots that from the power the transmitting teeth .A shoe mechanism ,with spring tension ,applied pressured to the slack slide of the chain to keep it in adjustment . All moving parts run in oil with automatic splash lubrication . The range ratio of mechanical stepless drives depended upon the principle and construction of the device .It may range from about 2 to 4 to about 10 to 25 .In most cases, range ratio -4 to 6

PROBLEM DEFINITION There are many machines and mechanical units that under varying circumstances make it desirable to be able to drive at an barely perceptible ,speed an intermediate speed or a high speed . Thus an infinitely variable (stepless ) speed variation in which it is possible to get any desirable speed . Some mechanical ,hydraulic ,drives serve as such stepless drives. However the torque Vs speed characteristic of these drives do not match torque at low speeds. Hence the need of a stepless or infinitely variable speed drive with following characteristic : 1.)Stepless or infinitely varying speed. 2) Wide range of speed variation i.e. ( Nmax Nmin). 3) shifting from one speed to another should be shock less. 4) Minimum number of controls for speed changing. 5) Ease of operation.

CHAPTER- 2

CONSRUCTION & WORKING

HEYNAU FREE BALL TRACTION DRIVE The heynau free ball traction drive unit consists of an input disc or cone, a single adjustable free ball, and an output friction disc or cone. OPERATING FEATURES 1.The drive is a constant horsepower device, but can be used as an constant torque at maximum output speeds over the entire adjustment range. 2.Standard speed ratios are 5:1 or 9:1. 3. The output speeds can be up to 5400 rpm. 4. The drive is 85% efficient. 5.Speed accuracy is +/-1% of the output speed at constant load. 6. The drive is available in size 1/8hp to hp. 7.Speed adjustment is permissible at rest or while running. 8. The unit can be run in either direction of rotation. 9. The output rotation is in the same direction as input. 10. The input and output are offset but parallerl. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION The major components of the Heynau drive are steel ball ( 1) positioned between two axially displaced hollow cone discs ( 2&3) and acts as a power transmission element.

When the load is applied the transmission ball is pulled into a triangle formed by the two hollow cone disks by an amount equal to the elastic deformation of the parts under load. Thus the contact pressure is directly. Proportional to the output torque. Torque- dependent pressure devices are unnecessary. Clockwise or counterclockwise rotation is permissible. The output speed of the Heynau drive is infinitely variable and is achieved by adjusting the position of the steel ball b rotating the speed-setting spindle knob ( 4) . Speed setting is permissible both at rest and in motion. In the upper adjustment position. Ratio of 3 : 1 reduction is created between input and output shaft. In the lower adjustment position the ratio is 1:3 increasers. The total speed range covered is 9:1. For a speed range of 6:1, higher input horse power is possible since the output horse power is determined by the lower output speed. The movement of the transmission ball is positively controlled when adjusting for high or low speeds. When adjusting to the lower speeds, the transmission ball takes up a position against the speed setting spindle because of its tendency to move toward the middle of the higher cones. Power must be transmitted through the unit only in the direction shown by the arrow on the outer housing. In the case of very low input speeds. A minimum amount of load must be applied at the output shaft to achieve the desired output speed. The drive may be used in any. Mounting position and can be made hermetically sealed.

CHAPTER- 3

DESIGN
DESIGN Design consists of application of scientific principles, technical information and imagination for development of new or improvised machine or mechanism to perform a specific function with maximum economy and efficiency. Hence an careful design approach has to be adopted. The total design work, has been split up into two parts; SYSTEM DESIGN MACHANICAL DESIGN SYSTEM DESIGN System design mainly concerns with various physical constrains, deciding basic working principle, space requirements, arrangements of various components etc. a) Following parameters are looked upon in system design Selection of system based on physical constraints. The mechanical design has direct norm with the system design hence system is designed such that distinctions and dimensions thus obtained in mechanical design can be well fitted in to it. Arrangement of various components made simple to utilize every possible space. Ease of maintenance and servicing achieved by means of simplified layout that enables quick decision assembly of components. Scope of future improvement.

b)
c)

d)

MACHANICAL DESIGN In mechanical design the components are listed down and stored on the basis of their procurement in two categories.

 Design parts Parts to be purchased . For designed parts detailed design is done and dimensions there obtained are compared to next dimensions which are already available in market. This simplities the assembly as well as the post production and maintenance work. The various tolerances on work are specified. The process charts are prepared and passed to manufacturing stage. The parts to be purchased directly are selected from various catalogues and are specified so as to have case of procurement. In mechanical design at the first stage selection of appropriate material for the part to be designed for specific application is done. This selection is based on standard catalogues or data books; eg:- ( PSG DESIGN DATA BOOKS ) ( SKF BEARING CATALOGUE ) etc. APROACH TO MECHANICAL DESIGN OF TWIN WORM SYSTEM In design the of parts we shall adopt the following approach; Selection of appropriate material. Assuming an appropriate dimension as per system design. Design check for failure of component under any possible system of forces; Our present model is an demonstrative set up in order to show the motion and power transmission capabilities of the proposed TWIN WORM SYSTEM Thus selection a drive motor as follows DRIVE MOTOR

TYPE :- SINGLE PHASE AC MOTOR. POWER :- 1/ 15 HP ( 50 WATTS) VOLTAGE :- 230 VOLTS, 50 Hz. CURRENT : 0.5 AMPS. SPEED : - MIN= 0 rpm MAX = 6000 rpm Operating Speed = 4000 rpm Motor Torque P = 2 NT ---------60 T = 60 x50 --------2 x4000 T = 0.119 N-m Power is transmitted from the motor shaft to the input shaft of drive by means of an open belt drive. Motor pulley diameter = 20 mm IP shaft pulley diameter = 110 mm Reduction ratio = 5 IP_ shaft speed = 4000/5 = 800 rpm Torque at IP_ shaft = 5x 0.119 = 0.6 Nm DESIGN OF OPEN BELT DRIVE Motor pulley diameter = 20 mm IP_ shaft pulley diameter = 110mm Reduction ratio =5 Coefficient of friction = 0.23 Maximum allowable tension in belt = 200 N Centre distance = 120 A = 180 sin 1) D-d)/2C A = 180 sin 1( 110- 20)/2x200 A = 136 A = 2.37 Now,

E /sin( 8/2) = e 0.2x2.37sin (40/2) = 4 Width (b2) at base is given by b2 = 6-2 ( 4tan 20) = 3.1 Area of cross section of belt = { 6 +3.1} x4 A= 18.2 mm2 Now mass of belt/ m length = 0.23 kg/m V= nDN ( 60x1000) = 4.188m/sec Tc = mV2 Tc = 4.034 N T1 = Maximum tension in belt Tc T1 = 195.966 = 196 N T1/T2= e =4 T2 = 49 N Result table Tension in tight side or belt ( T1)= 196 N Tension in slack side of belt (T2) =49N Refer load Diagram Ra +Rb = 245 + 12.96 Ra+ Rb = 257.96 N --------- (A) { Ma = 0 So, Rb = 902.512 N -----------(B) Ra = -644.552 N Maximum bending moment = 13958.516N Equivalent torsional moment = Te = T2 +M2 Te = 13971.405 N Equivalent bending moment = M+ Te= 20770.48 N- mm MATERIAL SELECTION : -Ref.: PSG ( 1.10 & 1.12) + (1.17) DESIGNATION EN24 ULTIMATE TENSILE YEILD STRENGTHN/ mm2 STRENGTHN/mm2 800 680

ASME CODE FOR DESIGN OF SHAFT.

Since the loads on most shafts in connected machinery are not constant, it is necessary to make proper allowance for the harmful effects of load fluctuations. According to ASME code permissible values of shear stress may be calculated form various relation. Fs max= 0.18 fult =0.18x800 = 144 N/mm2 OR Fs max = 0.3 fyt = 0.3 x680 = 204N/mm2 Considering minimum of the above values ; = fs max = 144 Nmm 2 This is the allowable value of shear stress that can be induced in the shaft material for safe operation. Considering failure of shaft under torsion Te= / 16{f6 d3 } D3= 16 x13791.405/ITx144 D = 7.87mm The input shaft is driven by the motor by means of an open belt pulley hence the input shaft carries an pulley at its one end which is fastened to it by means of an grub screw. Hence it should have an sliding fit on shaft. To achieve a tolerance of h6H7 on pulley we need to bore the pulley hole, and minimum hole possible using given tooling is 16mm , hence adopting the shaft diameter to be 16mm. D= 16mm Check for bending failure of shaft Me = / 32{fs d3 } Fs act = 20770.48x32/ x163 Fs act = 51.65N < Fs allowable Thus shaft is safe in bending

DESIGN ( SELECTION OF BALL BRG) In selection of ball bearing the main governing factor is the system design of the drive ie; the size of the ball bearing is of major importance; Hence we shall first select an appropriate ball bearing first select an appropriate ball bearing first taking into consideration convenience of mounting the planetary pins and then we shall check for the actual life of ball bearing. BALL BEARING SELECTION. Series 60 ISI No 25B Co2 Brg Basic Design No. D (SKF ) 6205 D1 D 46 D2 52 B 1 5 Basic capacity CN 7100 Co N 11000

25 31

P= X Fr + Yfa. Where ; P = Equivalent dynamic load, ( N) X = Radial load constant Fr = Radial load (H) Y = Axial load contact Fa = Axial Load (N) In our case ; Radial load Fr = Ra = 644.52 N Axial Load ( Fa) Fa = O P x Fr = 1x 644.52+O = 644.52 N L =(C/P)p Here p =3 for single row ball bearings L = 60n Lh =60x1000 x800 = 48 mrev -----------------------10 10 C = 2342

AS; required dynamic of bearing is less than the rated dynamic capacity of bearing is safe.

CHAPTER 4

PROCESS SHEET
Part Name : L. H. BERING HOUSE Sr NO Operation Material Specification : - EN9 Raw material size : - DIA 120 x50 Quantity 02 Nos Jigs & M/c Cuttin Measuri Settin M/c Tota Fixture Tools g ng g Time l s Tools Instrume Time time nt 3 jaw Lathe 15 15 chuck ----,,--- ---,,-- Facin Vernier 40 40 -g tool ---,,-------,,- Twist -drill 10 15 25

1) Clamp stock 2) Facing b/s side to 40mm 3 Drilling 0 ) 15mm through thickness (1 Nos) 4 Boring ) o41mm thickness (1Nos) 5) Counter boring o 47mm through thickness 35 (1Nos) 6) Counter boring o48mm through thickness21 (1Nos) 7) Counter boring o

----,,------,,---

----,,- Borin -g tool ----,,- --

Bore gauge -

15

25

40

15

20

----,,---

----,,-

15

20

-----,,--

----,,-

15

20

52mm through thickness 15 (1Nos ) 8) Od turning dia 70mm through 21 mm 9) Drilling dia 8.5 mm holes, 3 nos on 96pcd

----,,-------,,--

----,,Drilli ng M /c

20

25

15

24

39

PART NAME :- RH_BEARING HOUSING EN9 DIA 120x 50 Sr Operatio Jigs N n and o Fixtur es 1 Clamp 3 Jam stock chuck 2 Facing ----,,--b/s sides to 40 mm 3 Drilling ----,,--o 15 mm through thickness Boring o ----,,--4 41 mm through thickness (1 Nos ) 5 Counter -----,,-boring o -47 mm through thickness 35 (1 Nos) 6 Counter ----,,--boring o 48 mm through thickness M/c Tool Lathe ----,,--

Material specification :Raw material size :-

Quantity 02 Nos Cuttin Measurin Settin M /c Tota g Tool g g Tim l Instrume Time e Tim nt e 15 15 Facing Vernire tool Twist drill Boring Bore tool gauge 40 40

----,,--

10

15

25

----,,--

15

25

40

----,,--

15

20

----,,--

15

20

21 (1Nos) 7 Counter boring o 52 mm through thickness 15 ( 1 No s ) Od 8 turning dia 70 mm through 21 mm Drilling 9 dia 8.5 mm holes ,3 no on 96 pcd

-----,,--

----,,--

15

20

----,,----

----,,--

20

25

-----,,---

Drillin g M /c

15

24

39

Part Name :- DIAL BARREL Material Specification Raw material size :- 0 70 x 50 Quantity Sr Operatio Jigs N n and o Fixture s 1 Clamp 3-Jaw stock chuck 2 Facing ---,,---one side 3 Turning ----,,---OD o 66m through 38 m length 4 Drilling o 15 hole through thickness 5 Boring o 44 through out length 6 Counter boring o 50 Through 34 length 7 Facing M /c Cuttin Measurin Tool g Tool g Instrume nt Lath e ,, ----,, -Turnin g tool Vernier Settin g Time 25 10 - 01 Nos M /c Tota Tim l e Tim e 25 15 22 15 32

Twist drill Boring ----,,-----tool

10

15

25

10

20

30

10

35

40

Facing

10

15

25

other side to total length 38 Chamfer 1 x 45 degree

tool Crank Tool 5 5 10

Part Name :- DIAL EN 9 80x50

Material Specification :Raw material size Quantity :- 0 M /c Tota Tim l e Tim e 15 22 25 15 32

01Nos Sr Operatio Jigs M /c Cuttin Measurin N n and Tool g Tool g o Fixture Instrume s nt 1 2 3 Clamp Stock Facing one side Turning OD o 70 m through 40 mm length Drilling o 15 hole through thickness Boring o 58 through out length Counter boring o 65 Through 3.5 length 3-Jaw chuck -----,,------,,---Lath e ,, ----,, -Turnin g tool Vernier Settin g Time 25 10

Twist drill Boring tool

10

15

25

10

20

30

10

35

45

Facing other side to total length 40 Taper turning as per dwg

Facing tool Crank Tool

10

15

25

10

15

20

Part Name :- CARRIER Material Specification :-EN 9 Raw material Size :-HEX 70 AF X 70 Sr Operatio Jigs N n and o Fixtur es 1 Clamp 3-Jaw stock Chuck 2 Facing ----,,--one side -3 Turning -----,,-OD o 65 -m through 40 m length 4 Turning ----,,--OD o 48 -m through 36.5 mm length 5 Drilling o 15 hole through thickness 6 Boring o 34 through 43 length 7 Counter boring o 18 Through M /c Cutting Tool Tools Lath e ,, ----,, Turning -tool Quantity Measurin g Instrume nt Vernier - 01 Nos Settin M /c Tota g Tim l Time e Tim e 25 25 10 15 22 15 32

----,, Turning -tool

Vernier

10

22

32

Twist drill Boring tool -----,,----

10

15

25

10

20

30

10

35

45

10 length Internal Threadin g m 36x 2 pitch Chamfer 5 x 45 degree

Threadin g tool Crank Tool

30

45

75

10

CHATER 5 ADAVANTAGES ADVANTAGES 1) Properly balanced power transmission. 2) Easy to maintain proper pressure between the contact surfaces thereby resulting in trouble free operation. 3) Multiple speeds can be obtained; where as regular clutches are of ON OFF type Where only one speed is available. 4) Infinitely variable speed available over a given range. 5) Ease of operation; the speed changes are gradual , with any shock. 6) Singular control :- Entire range of speeds is covered by a single knob control . 7) Low cost. 8) Compact size.

CHAPTER 6

APPLICATIONS
1) Speed drives for machine tools spindles :Machine tool spindle are required to be driven at various speeds depending upon the size of work and material to be cut in such cases the gear less variable speed reducer can be used along with all geared head stock to give an infinitely variable speed condition. 2) By combination the duplex friction drive and a three stage all gear head stock a Still wide range of speed can be obtained for the main spindle of lathe. 3) Feed drives for machine tool slides. Machine tool slides can be moved at different Speeds to impart feeding motion to the cutting tool. 4)Variable speed drive for conveyors in assembly line and automatic assembly Plants. 5) Variable speed drive in automatic transfer lines and place robotic devices.

CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION
The ball traction drive has been completed successful. It was associated with a lot of excitement right from beginning. Many problems were faced during design and in manufacturing. But all of them were successfully overcome, with help of our project guide and various persons from different industries. We got a great deal of experience during designing and manufacturing of our project. Also we got a lot of practical experience. While working on this project Especially discussion with our project guide various persons form different industries. Workers and our friends, regarding. Our project proved to be successful. they helped us to a great deal in understanding the problem and way to tackle them. This project was great experience, which will surely help us in future career.

CHATER- 8

COST ESTIMATION

** LIST OF MATERIALS :S.N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 DESCRIPTION QTY LP-CONE SHAFT OP-CONESHAFT LH- BRGHOUSING RH-BRGHOUSING LH-CASING PLATE RH-CASINGPLATE TOP-CASINGPLATE BALL-HOLDER CARRIER NUT CARRIER DIAL DIAL BARREL BRG 6205-ZZ BRG 6204-ZZ 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 04 01 01 01 01 02 02 MATERIAL EN24 EN24 EN9 EN9 EN9 EN9 EN9 EN9 EN9 EN9 EN9 EN9 STD STD

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

GM KEY 6x3x60 BOLTS M8x30 BELT (6x500) MOTOR PULLEY BALL

01 01 06 01 01 01 01

PB STD STD STD STD STD STD

** RAW MATERIAL COST The total raw material cost as per the individual material and their corresponding rates per kg is as follows. Total raw material cost = RS 3200 /** MACHINING COST OPERATION RATE RS /HR LATHE MILLING DRILLING TAPPING 60 55 40 RS 3 / -per hole TOTAL TIME HRS 32 14 3.6 16 TOTAL TOTAL COST RS /1920 720 144 48 2880

TOTAL MACHINING COST = RS 2880 /**MISCELLAEOUS COSTS OPERATION COST (RS) Sawing 160 Gas cutting 80 Bench work 40 TOTAL 280 COST OF PURCHASED PARTS:SR NO. 1. 2. 3. DESCRIPTION VEE BELT BOLTS ELECTRIC MOTOR QTY 01 -01 COST 75 35 1050

4. 5.

BALL ELECTRONIC SPEED VARIATOR The cost of purchase parts = Rs 1910/TOTAL COST

02

700

TOTAL COST = Raw material Cost + Machine Cost + Miscellaneous Cost + cost of Purchased Parts + Overheads = Rs. 8300/Hence the total cost of machine = Rs. 8300 / -

CHAPTER 9

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. MACHINE DESIGN PRACTICE - R.S KHURMI 2. PSG DESIGN DATA HANDBOOK. 3. SOME MECHANICAL CHARACTERS OF AGAVE FIBRES - NUTMAN 4. THEORY OF MACHINE - R.S. KUURMI & J.K. GUPTA 5. PRODUCTION ENGINEERING - P. C. SHARMA.