Ming Yin College 2010-2011 F.

6 Chemistry First Term Exam Answers 1(a) Cu: Fe2+: Ag: Co2+: Mn: O2-: 1(b)(i) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 1s22s22p63s23p63d6 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p65s14d10 1s22s22p63s23p63d7 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2 1s22s22p6

[6 marks] (ii) The 2p and 3p orbitals differ in the value of the major quantum number n. This means that there are differences in the shapes of the orbitals near the nucleus, but the overall shape of both 2p and 3p orbitals is like that shown in Figure. The 3p orbitals extend farther from the nucleus than the 2p. [2 marks] 2. (a) (i) Hrxn = = -3247 + 3 (-286) (-3920) -185 KJ mol-1 [1 mark] [1 mark]

no unit or wrong unit deduct 0.5 mark

(ii) H 298 = 3 347 + 6 347] [1 mark] = -375 KJ mol-1 413 + 3 [1 mark] 612 + 3 436 [12 413 + 6

no unit or wrong unit deduct 0.5 mark It is important to have unit for the numerical answer if it is necessary. (iii) Calculation in (ii) is less accurate as the bond enthalpy term is only an average value. [1 mark] The resonance structures of benzene cause extra-stability. [1 mark] (iv) Entropy is decreased as the number of molecules decrease from four to one. [2 marks] [Total: 8 marks] 2(b) (i) C Mass Mole 82.7 H 17.3 [1 mark]

= 6.89
Simplified mole ratio

= 17.3 [0.5 mark] = 2.5

=1

The empirical formula is C2H5 [0.5 mark] It has been learned in F.5 and it is basic skill in handle question in organic chemistry. (ii) PV = nRT PV = P= RT RT = RT [1 mark] 1/MR 8.314 (273 + 23)

( 101325) = (2.33 1000) -1 Mr = 58.1 g mol [1 mark]

If using R = 8.314 JK-1 mol-1 in ideal gas equation, it is necessary to change the

other parameters into S.I. units first before calculation. S.I. unit for Pressure (P) is Pa or Nm-2 ; Volume (V) is m3 ; Temperature(T) is K. 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 101325 Pa; 1 106 cm3 = 1000 dm3 = 1m3 ; + 273 = K

(iii) let n be the multiple of molecular formula to empirical formula n (12 n=2 2+5 1) = 58.1 [0.5 mark] [0.5 mark]

molecular formula is C4H10

It has been learned in F.5 and it is basic skill in handle question in organic chemistry. [Total: 5 marks] (c) (i) Bond dissociation enthalpy is the enthalpy change when one mole of a particular bond in a particular environment is broken under standard conditions. [2 marks] (ii) There is a stronger repulsion between lone pair electrons on fluorine atoms in a fluorine molecule than in a chlorine molecule. This results in weaken the covalent bond in the fluorine molecule. [2 marks] [Total: 4 marks] Part (ii) is common in AL exam. (d) Lowest O.S. is -1; highest O.S. is +7 [0.5 mark@] Highest oxidation state compound, e.g. IF7 or HIO4 [1 mark] Lowest oxidation state compound is KI (other suitable examples are accepted) [1 mark] [Total: 3 marks] Similar question has been examined in AL. 3. (a) (i) Determine the mass of syringe with liquid X before and after addition. [1 mark] (ii)Since the warm from hand will cause evaporation of liquid X. [1 mark]

(iii)The most important is to maintain the temperature high enough to vapouriseliquid X and is steady. [1 mark]

(iv) 101325 mark] Mr = 46.22 [1 mark]

)=

8.314

(273 + 98.5)

[1

(v) Since there is a strong hydrogen bond between butan-1-ol which is [1 mark] not easy to complete vapourise (does not behave ideally). [1 mark] The set-up in question is the laboratory set-up to determine molecular mass of some volatile liquids. Assumption is based on the liquid X behave ideally. (b) (i) (I) 2KMnO4(s) K2MnO4(s) + MnO2 (s) + O2 (g) [1 mark]

or 4MnO4-(aq) + 4OH-(aq) (II)

4MnO42-(aq) + 2H2O(l) + O2(g)

It is a redox reaction as [0.5 mark] Mns O.N. decrease from +7 (in KMnO4) to +6 (K2MnO4) and +4 (MnO2). [1 mark] Os O.N. increase from -2 to 0 in O2. (III) [1 mark]

[1 mark] (IV) It should be stored in brown bottle. [1 mark]

Potassium manganate (VII) is not a 1 heat or sunlight. (ii) (I) 3MnO42-(aq) + 4H+ (aq)

standard because it will decompose under

2MnO4-(aq) + MnO2(s) + 2H2O(l)

[1 mark]

(II) It is a disproportionation.

[0.5 mark]
-

Mns O.N. increase from +6 (in MnO42-) to +7 (in MnO4 ) and decrease from +6 to +4 (in MnO2). [Total: 7 marks] [1 mark]

Potassium manganate (VI) is green in colour and stable only in alkaline medium.

3 (c) (i) (I) C.N.: 4 for Na +; 8 for O2[0.5 marks@] + 2(II) Na : simple cubic; O : face centre cubic [1 mark@] (ii) (I)

[1 mark] (II) Since Na+ and Cs+ have different ionic sizes, larger the size of Cs+, [1 mark] can contact with more chloride ions. [1 mark] [Total: 6 marks] 4. (a) (i) Hesss law states that, if a reaction can take place through more than one route, the overall enthalpy change is the same regardless of the route taken, as long as the initial reactants states and final products states are at standard conditions. [2 marks]

(ii) (1) K2CO3(s) + 2HC1 (aq) (2) Mass of the acid

2KC1(aq) + H2O ( ) + CO2 (g)

[1 mark]

= =

density x volume 1.0 x 30.0

= Heat given off

30g = = =

mc T (30+2.76) 715 J 4.2 5.2

= = J mol-1 -35.7KJ mol-1 of K2CO3 [1 mark]

(negative sign indicates that the reaction is exothermic)

(3) Amount of hydrochloric acid added = 30/1000 x 2 = 0.06 mole Amount of potassium carbonate = 0.02 mole. From the equation of the reaction between K2CO3 and HC1, it is known that 0.04 moles of HC1 will completely react with 0.02 moles of K2CO3. Since 0.06 moles of HC1 is added instead, this means that 0.02 moles of HC1 is left unreacted, or its presence in excess. Therefore, only approximately 2 mol dm-3 of HC1 is needed. [1 mark] b (i) KHCO3 (s) + HC1 (aq) KC1 (aq) + CO2 (g) +H2O ( ) [1 mark]

(ii) Mass of acid = 1.0 30.0 = 30 g Heat absorbed = (30 + 2) x 4.2 x 3.7 = 497 J H=+ J mol-1 = + 24.9 KJ mol-1 of KHCO3 [1 mark]

The reaction is endothermic. c.

[1 mark] H = 2 x 24.9 (-35.7) = + 85.5 KJ/mol [1 mark]

(or +42.7 KJ mol-1 of KHCO3) It is thus an endothermic reaction. 5(a). C3H8(g) + 5O2 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g) 1 mole of C3H8 needs 5 moles of O2 1 volume of C3H8 needs 5 volumes of O2. Therefore, 2 dm3 of propane need 10 dm3 of oxygen. 5(b) Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) H2(g) + ZnSO4(aq) [1 mark]

[1 mark]

[1 mark]

[1 mark]

1 mole of Zn forms 1 mole of H2 65 g of Zn form 22.4 dm3 of H2 (at s.t.p.) 3.00 g of Zn form = 1.03 dm3H2 22.4 dm3 [1 mark] [1 mark]

3.00 g of zinc give 1.03 dm3 of hydrogen at s.t.p.

5(c) C4Hx (g) + (4 + x/4) O2 (g) 4CO2 (g) + x/2H2O (g)

Volume of hydrocarbon = 10 cm3 Volume of oxygen = 10(4+ x/4) = 40 + 5x/2)cm3 Volume of carbon dioxide = 40 cm3 Volume of steam = x/2 x 10 cm3 = 5x cm3
3 Let a cm3 = volume of unused oxygen, since there is an expansion of 10cm , Final volume = 10 + initial volume [1 mark]

40 + 5x + a = 10 + 10 + 40 + 5x/2 + a

[1 mark]

5x/2
x =

= 8

20 [1 mark]

The formula is C4H8. 5(d) CxHy (g) + (x + y/4)O2 (g) xCO2 (g) + y/2 H2O ( )

Volume of hydrocarbon = 10 cm3 Volume of CO2 = x volume of CxHy From reaction with NaOH, volume of CO2 = 40 cm3 Therefore x = 4 Let the volume of unused oxygen be z cm . Final volume = Initial volume 35 cm3 Note that H2O ( ) is a liquid at room temperature and pressure, and does not contribute to the final volume of gas. [1 mark] 40 + z 25 y = = = 10 [1 mark] 10 + 40 + 5y/2 + z 35
3

[1 mark]

The formula is C4H10.

6.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

O=C=O

[1 mark@]

7.

Introduction: Ionization enthalpy refers to the minimum energy required to remove 1 mole of electron from 1 mole of a gaseous atoms to form 1 mole of gaseous ions with 1 +ve charge under standard conditions (298K, 1 atm.) (1 marks)  I.E. of elements increase across period 2 No. of protons increases across the period No. of inner shell electrons does not change screening effect does not change  Thus, effective nuclear charge increases across the period Two sudden drops in B and O

For B,

The elect

t be removed i i a hi her energy level 2p orbital

which i easier to be removed After removing the electron, B acquires a stable full filled 2s subshell Or Be has a stable full filled 2s subshell thus the outermost electron is more difficult to be removed For O, After removing the electron, O+ acquires a stable half-filled 2p subshells Or N has a stable half-filled 2p subshells thus the outermost electron is more difficult to be removed