2 Adaptive Modulation and Coding

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2.1 Introduction (1/3) ..........................................................................3 2.1 Introduction (2/3) ..........................................................................4 2.1 Introduction (3/3) ..........................................................................5 2.2 Channel Coding............................................................................6 2.3 Multiple Code Operation ..............................................................7 2.4 Transport Format & Resource Combining .................................8

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2.1 Introduction (1/3)

UMTS Rel.99 networks assure a proper downlink stability using a fast power control mechanisms between Node B and the UE. With respect to other mobiles in the same cell the minimum necessary power is radiated on the Uu interface. Fast power control is performed in loops of 0.666 ms.

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2.1 Introduction (2/3)

HSDPA uses a fixed transmission power between Node B and the UE and modifies modulation type and channel coding in real-time to achieve a certain quality of service. The mobile supports this downlink adaptation by sending so-called uplink channel quality indication reports (CQI).

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2.1 Introduction (3/3)

HSDPA applies the standard Rel. 99 Quadrature Phase Shift Keying modulation for more interfered air interface scenarios. Where is no interference, e.g., in the near-by of the Node B, a 16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation may achieve 14.4 Mbps as a theoretical peak bit rate.

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2.2 Channel Coding

Both modulation types can be used with different channel coding algorithms. A 0.25 Channel Code rate only allows for 119 kbps user bit rate with very high protection and QPSK as a robust modulation type. In contrast, 16 QAM and a 0.75 Channel Code rate provides a higher bit rate with less protection. It would require less interfered radio conditions.

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2.3 Multiple Code Operation

HSDPA can assign up to 15 channel codes in parallel to increase data downlink throughput. All codes have a fixed spreading factor of 16. These codes can be distributed among several mobiles on a time division multiplex access scheme.

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2.4 Transport Format & Resource Combining

This combination of modulation type, Channel Coding type and number of simultaneously allocated Channel Codes provides very flexible counter-measures to cope with air interface interference. HSDPA uses a dedicated expression for this mechanism named Transport Format & Resource Combining (TFRC). The table shows a variety of TFRCs and the resulting user bit rates. They range from 119 kbps using QPSK, very high protection and only 1 assigned code to 10.8 Mbps using 16 QAM, low protection and 15 codes in parallel.

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