Unit A: 394 (Pic) 1 2 3 4 abase abash abate abbreviate v.

~ oneself/sb lower oneself/sb in dignity; degrade oneself/sb ; to destroy the self-possession or self-confidence of:disconcert v. make or become less v. ~ sth shorten (a word, phrase, etc), esp by omitting letters

5 abdicate v. resign from or formally renounce the throne; (The King abdicated when he married a divorcee) 6 7 8 aberrant aberration abet adj. not following the normal or correct way n. deviation from what is accepted as normal or right v. ~ sb (in sth) help or encourage sb to commit an offence or do sth wrong, purikolpu

9 abeyance n. be in abeyance; fall/go into abeyance (of a right, rule, problem, etc) be suspended temporarily; not be in force or use for a time 10 abhor v. feel hatred and disgust for (sb/sth); detest

11 abide v. (esp with can/could, in negative sentences or questions can/could) tolerate (sb/sth); endure; bear 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 abject abjure ablution abnegation abode abolish abominable abominate aboriginal adj. Of the most contemptible kind; (~ poverty, ~ cowardice, ~ apology) v. promise or swear to give up (a claim, an opinion, a belief, etc); renounce formally n. (fml or joc ) ceremonial washing of the body, hands, sacred vessels, etc n. denial or renunciation (of a doctrine) n. house; home; Housing that someone is living in; aavasam v. end the existence of adj. ~(fml ) causing disgust; detestable v. feel hatred or disgust for (sth/sb); detest; loathe adj. inhabiting a land from a very early period, esp before the arrival of colonists

21 abortive adj. coming to nothing; unsuccessful; (biology)imperfectly formed or developed; rudimentary; (an abortive revolt, an abortive organ)

22 23

abrasive abridge

adj. that scrapes or rubs sth away; rough v. make shorter, esp by using fewer words; condense

24 abrogate v. cancel, repeal or annul (sth); chattanni/ sasananni raddu cheyu(Abrogation of Indus water treaty is a complex issue) 25 abscission Shedding of leaves in plants; The act of cutting off, as in a surgical operation. (Most deciduous plants drop their leaves by abscission before winter, while evergreen plants continuously abscise their leaves;) 26 27 abscond absolute v. ~go away suddenly and secretly, esp in order to avoid arrest adj. complete; total

28 absolve v. ~ sb (fml esp law , ) clear sb (of guilt); declare sb free (from blame, a promise, a duty, etc); dosha rahitudini cheyu, vimuktudini cheyu, ( absolve from responsibilities) 29 30 31 32 33 34 abstain abstemious abstinence abstract abstruse abusive v. ~ keep oneself from doing or enjoying sth, esp from taking alcoholic drinks; refrain adj. not taking much food or drink; not self-indulgent; moderate n. ~ abstaining, esp from food or alcoholic drinks adj. existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical existence adj. difficult to understand; kathina, agamya, kathina adj. criticizing harshly and rudely; insulting

35 abut v. ~ on/against sth (of land or a building) have a common boundary or side with sth; adjoin sth; aanukoni vundu Abutment = aasara vundu, pakkne vundu 36 37 38 abysmal abyss academic adj. extremely bad, resembling an abyss in depth n. hole so deep that it seems to have no bottom adj. of schools, colleges, etc

39 accede v. ~ (fml ) take office; Yield to another's wish or opinion; (The government acceded to the military pressure) 40 41 accelerate accessible v. make move faster or happen earlier; increase the speed of adj. ~ that can be reached, used, etc

42 accessory attachment 43 44 45 46 47 48 acclaim acclimate acclivity accolade accommodate accomplice

n. thing that is a useful or decorative extra but that is not essential; minor fitting or

v. welcome (sb/sth) with shouts of approval; applaud loudly to adapt to a new temperature, altitude, climate, environment, or situation n. upward slope n. praise; approval v. provide lodging or room for n. person who helps another to do sth wicked or illegal; todu donga

Note: Complicit is adjective and accomplice is noun. They are not interchangeable. Complicity neram lo bhagasvamyam, accomplice neram lo bhagawami 49 accord n. peace treaty; agreement

50 accost v. approach and speak first to sb boldly; Approach with an offer of sexual favors; (approach and speak first to a person, he was accosted by a prostitute while walking on the streets, accost the meeting); palakarinchu, prarambha paluku 51 52 accoutre accretion equip with smth; Provide with military equipment; n. growth or increase by means of gradual additions

53 accrue v. ~ (from sth) come as a natural increase or advantage, esp financial; came into possession of ; accumulate; vruddhi avu, perugu, praptinchu, svadheenam agu(interest accrues; the house accrued to the ealder son) 54 55 56 57 58 acerbity acetic acidulous acknowledge acme Sourness of taste, character, or tone. adj. of, containing, producing, or derived from acetic acid or vinegar adj. rather sharp or bitter in taste or manner v. accept the truth of admit (sth)

n. highest stage of development; point of perfection n. inflammation of the oil-glands of the skin, producing red pimples on the face and

59 acne neck 60 61 acoustics acquiesce

n. qualities of a room, hall, etc that make it good or bad for carrying sound v. ~ (fml ) accept sth without protest; offer no opposition (to a plan, conclusion, etc)

62 acquittal n. judgement that a person is not guilty of the crime with which he has been charged (Rana acquitted of 26/11 charges of plot, but guilty of helping) 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 acrid adj. having a strongly bitter smell or taste adj. bitter "acro'phobic, morbid fear of great heights calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics; bheema gananaku sambandhinchi n. expert who calculates insurance risks and premiums, bheema lekkala nipunudu v. make (a machine, an electrical device, etc) move or work; make (a process) begin n. (esp of thought or the senses) sharpness; acuteness n. ability to understand and judge things quickly and clearly; shrewdness adj. very great; severe n. traditional saying; proverb; adj. firmly or stubbornly determined; unwilling to be persuaded v. ~ sth (for sth) make sth suitable for a new use, situation, etc; modify sth n. thing that is to be added

acrimonious acrophobia actuarial actuary actuate acuity acumen acute adage adamant adapt addendum

76 addiction n. ~ condition of taking drugs, etc habitually and being unable to stop doing so without suffering adverse effects 77 addle v. confuse (sth/sb); muddle; become rotten;(he addled up the things, addled eggs) n. details of where a person lives, works or can be found, and where letters, etc may

78 address be delivered 79 80 81 82 83 84 adept adhere adherent adjacent adjoin adjourn

adj. ~ (at/in doing sth) expert or skilful in (doing) sth v. ~ (to sth) remain attached (to sth); stick (as if) by means of glue or suction n. supporter of a party or doctrine having a common endpoint or border also immediately preceding or following v. be next or nearest to and joined with v. stop (a meeting, etc) for a time; postpone

85 adjunct n. ~ thing that is added or attached to sth else but is less important and not essential; (adjunct pump) 86 adjuration testimony) 87 adjutant solemn urging (Her adjuration to tell the truth did not change the witnesses'

n. army officer responsible for administrative work in a battalion to express warning or disapproval to especially in a gentle, earnest, or solicitous

88 admonish manner 89 90 91 92 93 94 adore adorn adroit adulation adulterate advent

v. love deeply and respect (sb) highly v. ~ sth/sb/oneself add beauty or ornament to sth/sb/oneself adj. ~ skilful; clever n. excessive admiration or praise; flattery v. make poorer in quality by adding another substance n. the ~ of sth/sb the approach or arrival of

95 adventitious adj. not planned; accidental; akasmattu ga sambhavinchina, sahajam kani; (He found this adventitious meeting with his friend extremely fortunate; they had to decide whether his misconduct was adventitious or the result of a flaw in his character) 96 97 98 99 adversary adverse adversity advert n. opponent in a contest; enemy, virodhi adj. not favourable; contrary n. unfavourable conditions; trouble; pratikoolata n. = advertisement n. ~ giving of support (to a cause, etc); anukoolanga matladu, vakaltaa paluku

100 advocacy

101 advocate v. speak publicly in favour of (sth); recommend; support; lawyer; samardhinchu, vaadinchu, vakeelu 102 aegis institution n. under the aegis of sb/sth with the protection or support of sb/sth, esp a public

103 aerie

= eyrie; Any habitation at a high altitude

aerie nest 104 aesthetic 105 affable 106 affected 107 affidavit that it is true adj. concerned with beauty and the appreciation of beauty adj. polite, friendly and easily approachable; priya bhashi; (affable person) adj. not natural or genuine; pretended; artificial n. written statement that can be used as evidence in court, made by sb who swears

108 affiliation n. affiliating or being affiliated; The act of becoming formally connected or joined; A social or business relationship 109 affinity n. (between A and B) structural resemblance or similarity of character; relationship

110 affirmation n. affirming; To declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true; pramana poortiga nikki cheppu, roodhi parachu (Before God I affirm I am innocent) 111 affix 112 affliction parents) 113 affluence v. ~ sth (fml ) stick, fasten or attach sth n. pain; suffering; distress; duhkham, vyadha (she was afflicted by the death of her

n. abundance of money, goods or property; wealth

114 affront n. ~ (to sb/sth) deliberately insulting or disrespectful remark, action, etc, esp in public; amaryada, tiraskaram; (Wrong railway ad in which Delhi is marked in Pakistan is an affront to india s sovereign pride: BJP; turning his back on me was a deliberate affront) 115 afterlife 116 agape 117 agenda n. existence that is thought by some to follow death adj. ~ (of the mouth) wide open, esp with wonder n. matters of business to be discussed at a meeting, etc n. action of agglomerating V, To make smt increase in wealth, prestige, power or scope of something; praise

118 agglomeration 119 aggrandize highly 120 aggregate

v. ~ sb (fml ) be formed or bring sb into an assembled group or amount

121 aghast adj. ~ filled with horror or amazement or consternation; vibhranti(The union was aghast at the news that up to 1500 jobs were to be lost) 122 agility 123 agitate nimbleness v. cause anxiety to (a person, his feelings, etc); disturb; excite

124 agnostic n. person who believes that nothing can be known about the existence of God or of anything except material things Atheists claim no belief in a God; agnostics claim no KNOWLEDGE of god's existence. So an agnostic could believe in God but an atheist of course cannot. So atheism is about belief; agnosticism is about knowledge. That's the real difference. 125 agog 126 agrarian 127 airy 128 alacrity adj. eager; excited; aatram adj. of land adj. having plenty of fresh air moving about; well-ventilated n. prompt and eager readiness

129 alchemy n. medieval form of chemistry, the chief aim of which was to discover how to turn ordinary metals into gold , 130 alcove chooru 131 alias n. small space in a room, etc formed by part of the wall being set back; recess;

n. name by which a person is called at other times or in other places; false name

132 alienate v. cause sb to become unfriendly or indifferent; estrange sb; veru cheyu, virodham kaliginchu; (Her attempts to alienate the two friends failed because they had complete faith in each other) 133 alimentary adj. of food and digestion; food, esp. containing the required vitamins and energy; (good alimentary stew) Alimentary canal = anna vahika Note: Ailment means disease 134 alimony n. allowance that a court may order a man to pay to his wife or former wife before or after a legal separation or divorce; manovarti 135 allay 136 allege v. make (sth) less; relieve; satisfy; (allay the fears, The cold water allayed his thirst) v. state (sth) as a fact but without proof; give as an argument or excuse

137 allegiance n. ~ (to sb/sth) support of or loyalty to a government, ruler, cause, etc; vidheyata, swamibhakti (Long allegiance of a public servant to society) 138 allegory n. story, painting or description in which the characters and events are meant as symbols of purity, truth, patience,etc and characters usually are animals; (like panchatantra stories) 139 alleviate v. make less severe; ease

140 alliteration n. occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of two or more words in succession, Ex. sing a song of sixpence or as thick as thieves. 141 allocate 142 alloy v. ~ sth allot or assign sth (to sb/sth) for a special purpose n. metal formed of a mixture of metals or of metal and another substance

143 allude v. ~ to sb/sth (fml ) mention sb/sth briefly or indirectly; soochana prayam ga cheppu, parokshanga cheppu; (Try not to allude to this matter in his presence because the topic annoys him; He alluded to the problem but did not mention it) 144 allure v. tempt or attract (sb) by the expectation of gaining sth; oorinchu

145 allusion n. ~ indirect reference; paroksha soochana; (the allusions to mythological characters in Milton's poems bewilder the reader who has not studied Latin; did you catch that allusion?) 146 alluvial 147 alms 148 aloft adj. made of sand, earth, etc left by rivers or floods, esp in a delta; ondru n. money, clothes, food, etc given to poor people adv. up in the air; overhead

149 aloof adj. stay away , cool and remote in character; unconcerned; veruga vundu (we can no longer afford to remain aloof from the economic and business environment) 150 altercation n. (act of) quarrelling or arguing noisily

151 altruistic (adj.) unselfish + concerned for the welfare of others; para hitaatmaka; (In providing tutorial assistance and college scholarships to hundreds of economically disadvantaged youths, Eugene Lang performed a truly altruistic deed) 152 amalgam 153 amalgamate 154 amass 155 amazon 156 ambidextrous 157 ambience 158 ambiguous 159 ambivalence 160 amble 161 ambrosia n. alloy of mercury with another metal v. ~ (with sb/sth) (cause people or things to) combine or unite v. gather together or collect (sth), esp in large quantities n. tall strong athletic woman adj. able to use the left hand or the right hand equally well n. environment; atmosphere of a place adj. having more than one possible meaning the state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes v. ride or walk at a slow, leisurely pace n. food of the gods

162 ambulatory adj. Relating to or adapted for walking; Able to walk; N. A covered walkway (as in a cloister); (an ~ corridor; Rajani kant recovered from sick, now ambulatory; The palace has an ambulatory and seven chapels) Circumambulation pradakshina; perambulate nadayadu, ala ala tirugu; perambulator is wheeled recliner for infants 163 ambush n. waiting in a hidden position to make a surprise attack

164 ameliorate v. (cause sth to) become better; baagu cheyu; (the editor ameliorated the manuscript; weather ameliorated toward the evening) adj. ~ (of people) willing to be influenced or controlled (by sth); Liable to answer 165 amenable to higher authority; anukoolamga marchadagina, javaabudaari (the disease is amenable to medicine unlike deadly Swine-flu; Even the Prime Minister is amenable to court) 166 amend 167 amenities v. correct an error in (sth); make minor improvements in; change slightly [ amenity: ] [often pl] a useful or pleasant facility or service

168 amiable poorvaka

adj. showing and inspiring friendliness; pleasant and good-tempered; sneha

adj. showing friendliness; without hostility; sneha poorvaka, saamarasya poorvaka; 169 amicable paraspara amoda yogyamina; (an amicable solution) 170 amiss adj. , adv wrong(ly); inappropriate(ly); tedaa ga; dosham ga; ( from the behavior of people They knew that something was amiss there but never expected that it is Laden s house) 171 amity 172 amnesia 173 amnesty n. friendly relationship between people or countries; maitri; sayodhya n. partial or total loss of memory n. general pardon, esp for offences against the State

174 amok adv. run amok, rush about in a wild and angry frenzy; (One person killed as elephants run amok in Mysore) 175 amoral 176 amorous 177 amorphous 178 amphibian 179 amphitheater adj. not based on moral standards; not following any moral rules ; adj. readily showing or feeling love; relating to love adj. having no definite shape or form; not organized n. animal able to live both on land and in water oval building with tiers of seats

180 ample 181 amplify 182 amputate 183 amulet

adj. enough v. increase (sth) in size or strength v. cut off by surgical operation n. piece of jewellery, etc worn as a charm

184 anachronism n. mistake of placing sth in the wrong historical period; An artifact that belongs to another time; paata kalaniki chendina; kala vyatya dosham; kalam chellina; (Shakespeare's reference to clocks in Julius Caesar is an anachronism; no clocks existed in Caesar's time) 185 analgesia 186 analgesic 187 analogous 188 analogy 189 anarchist 190 anarchy 191 anathema 192 anathematize 193 ancestry n. loss of ability to feel pain while still conscious adj. n substance that relieves pain adj. partially similar or parallel; offering an analogy n. partial similarity between two things that are compared n. person who believes in anarchism n. absence of government or control in society; lawlessness n. detested person or thing; gittani vadu; (he is an anathema to me) declare to be evil or anathema n. line of ancestors

194 anchor n. heavy metal device attached to a rope, chain, etc and used to moor a ship or boat to the sea-bottom or a balloon to the ground 195 ancillary 196 anecdote 197 anemia 198 anesthetic 199 anguish 200 angular adj. helping in a subsidiary way; anubandha n. short, interesting or amusing story about a real person or event , condition in which blood lacks red corpuscles = anaesthesia, anaesthetic n. severe physical or mental pain; teevra manasika kshoba, badha adj. having angles or sharp corners n. harsh criticism

201 animadversion 202 animated 203 animosity 204 animus 205 annals 206 anneal

adj. lively n. (between A and B) (instance of) strong dislike or of hostility n. animosity shown in speech or action n. story of events year by year; historical records v. make tough by cooling slowly after heating

207 annex Lithuania)

v. take possession of N. An addition that extends a main building (Hitler annexed

208 annihilate v. destroy completely; Kill in large numbers; dhvamsam, sarva nasanam; layam(By 1950s the fears of nucear annihilation eased, but never subsided and scientists started thinking about using nuclear technology in our daily lives; the vestiges of political democracy were soon annihilated) 209 annotate 210 annuity varshika mottam 211 annul 212 anodyne 213 anoint 214 anomalous 215 anomaly 216 anonymity v. add notes to giving explanation or comment n. fixed sum of money paid to sb yearly, usu for the remaining part of his lifetime;

v. declare (sth) no longer valid; abolish; cancel n, adj that can relieve pain v. ~ sb apply oil or ointment to sb (esp as a religious ceremony) adj. different from what is normal; irregular n. anomalous thing; irregularity n. state of being anonymous

217 antagonism n (between A and B) (instance of) active opposition or hostility, esp between two people; satrutvam, teevra vyatirekata, viruddhata (the inherent antagonism of capitalism and socialism) 218 antagonistic 219 antecede 220 antecedents 221 antediluvian adj. showing or feeling antagonism; hostile be earlier in time; go back further; (Stone tools antecede bronze tools) ancestors adj. of the time before Noah's Flood, extreamely old (antediluvian ideas)

222 anthem n. short musical composition, usu for a choir and an organ, to be sung in religious services, often with words taken from the Bible, 223 anthology 224 anthropoid n. collection of poems or pieces of prose on the same subject or by the same writer adj. man-like in form, ape like species

225 anthropologist n. student of or expert in anthropology(=study of the origins and social relationships of human beings); maanava parinama sastram 226 anthropomorphic adj. treating gods, animals, etc as human in form and personality , 227 anticlimax n. disappointing end to a series of events which had seemed likely to become more interesting, exciting or impressive

228 antidote 229 antipathy 230 antiquated 231 antique 232 antiquity 233 antiseptic bacteria 234 antithesis 235 antler 236 anvil 237 apathetic 238 apathy 239 ape related to man. 240 aperture 241 apex

n. ~ substance that acts against the effects of a poison or disease settled aversion or dislike:DISTASTE adj. (of things) out of date, obsolete , adj. belonging to the distant past n. ancient times, esp before the Middle Ages n. substance that prevents a wound, etc from becoming septic, esp by destroying

n. ~ (of/to sth/sb) direct opposite (his theory is the antithesis of mine) n. branched horn of a stag or of some other deer n. iron block on which a smith shapes heated metal by hammering it adj. showing or feeling apathy n. ~ lack of interest, enthusiasm or concern; indifference; udaaseenata, nirlakshyam n. any of the four primates (gorilla, chimpanzee, orang-utan, gibbon) most closely

n. narrow opening n. top or highest point

242 aphasia n. partial or total loss of ability to speak or understand spoken language, caused by damage to the brain; 243 aphorism 244 apiarist 245 apiary 246 apiculture 247 aplomb 248 apocalyptic 249 apocryphal n. short wise saying; maxim ; n. person who keeps bees n. place with a number of hives where bees are kept the cultivation of bees on a commercial scale for the production of honey n. confidence and self-control; poise; akhuntita visvasam adj. prophesying great and dramatic events like those in the Apocalypse adj. not likely to be genuine; untrue or invented

Apocrypha = 14 books of the Old Testament included in the Vulgate (except for II Esdras) but omitted in Jewish and Protestant versions of the Bible; eastern Christian churches (except the Coptic Church)

accept all these books as canonical; the Russian Orthodox Church accepts these texts as divinely inspired but does not grant them the same status 250 apogee n. position in the orbit of the moon, a planet or a satellite when it is at its greatest distance from the earth , 251 apolitical 252 apologist punishment) 253 apoplexy in the brain, 254 apostate 255 apothecary 256 apothegm 257 apotheosis 258 appall 259 apparent 260 apparition 261 appease 262 appellation 263 append 264 application 265 apposite 266 appraise 267 appreciate 268 apprehend 269 apprehensive 270 apprise 271 approbation adj. not interested or involved in politics n. person who defends a doctrine by logical argument (an apologist for capital

n. sudden inability to feel or move, caused by the blockage or rupture of an artery

n. person who renounces his former beliefs, etc n. person who prepares and sells medicines and medical goods = apophthegm n. (of a human being) making or becoming a god or a saint to overcome with consternation, shock, or dismay adj. clearly seen or understood; obvious n. appearance, esp of sth startling, strange or unexpected , v. make quiet or calm, usu by making concessions or by satisfying demands n. name or title; system of naming ; v. ~ sth (fml ) attach or add sth (esp in writing) n. ~ (to sb) (for sth) formal request adj. ~ (of a remark, etc) very appropriate (for a purpose or an occasion) v. assess the value or quality of v. understand and enjoy (sth); value highly v. seize (sb); arrest adj. ~ ~ (that.../for sb/sth) feeling anxiety; fearful; uneasy

v. ~ sb of sth inform sb of sth n. approval; consent

272 appropriate 273 appurtenances 274 apropos 275 aptitude 276 aquiline 277 arable 278 arbiter sth 279 arbitrary

adj. ~ suitable; right and proper [ appurtenance: ] a secondary or less significant thing or part

adv, adj appropriate or relevant to what is being said or done n. ~ natural ability or skill adj. of or like an eagle n. , adj suitable for ploughing and for growing crops n. ~ person who has power to decide what will be done, accepted, etc with regard to

adj. based on personal opinion or impulse, not on reason

280 arbitrate v. ~ (between A and B); make a judgement about or settle (a dispute) between two parties (usu when asked by them to do so) (He arbitrated in the family dispute) 281 arboreal 282 arboretum 283 arcade sides adj. of or living in trees n. place where trees are grown for scientific study or for display n. covered passage or area, esp one with an arched roof and shops along one or both

284 arcane requiring secret or mysterious knowledge; (the modern academic culture fails to make connections to the kind of arguments and cultural references that students grasp, consequently many students view academic life as an arcane ritual) 285 arch286 archaeology the ground 287 archaic 288 archetype 289 archipelago 290 archives 291 ardor 292 arduous comb form chief; most important n. study of ancient civilizations by scientific analysis of physical remains found in

adj. of a much earlier or an ancient period in history n. original or ideal model from which others are copied; prototype ; n. (sea surrounding a) group of many islands n. historical documents or records of a government, town, etc extreme vigor or energy:INTENSITY adj. needing much effort or energy; laborious

293 argot n. words and phrases used by a particular group and not intended to be understood by others; cant ; 294 aria 295 arid 296 aristocracy 297 armada n. song for one voice, esp in an opera or oratorio adj. having little or no rainfall; dry n. highest social class; the nobility; unnata vargam n. large fleet of ships

298 aromatic

adj. having a pleasant, distinctive smell; fragrant

299 arraign v. ~ sb (law ) bring a criminal charge against sb; bring sb to court for trial; (Mumbai terror accused Rana arraigned in Chicago court ) 300 array 301 arrears 302 arrhythmic v. place (esp armed forces, troops, etc) in battle order n. money that is owed and should have been paid earlier lacking rhythm or regularity

303 arrogance a feeling or an impression of superiority manifested in an overbearing manner or presumptuous claims 304 arroyo 305 arsenal 306 artery 307 artful 308 articulate a brook; a creek a water-carved gully or channel n. place where weapons and ammunition are made or stored n. any of the tubes carrying blood from the heart to all parts of the body; dhamani adj. cunningly clever at getting what one wants; crafty adj. able to express one's ideas clearly in words

309 artifacts something created by humans usually for a practical purpose; especially :an object remaining from a particular period

310 artifice X candor 311 artisan 312 artless

n. clever trickery; deception; samardhata, nerpu

a manually skilled worker; naipunyam kala panivadu/ karmikudu adj. simple and natural; without deceit

313 ascendancy n. ~ (position of) having dominant power or control, controlling influence; (President Marcos failed to maintain his ascendency over Philippines.) 314 ascertain 315 ascetic life 316 ascribe 317 aseptic 318 ashen 319 asinine 320 askance 321 askew 322 asperity 323 aspersion 324 aspirant 325 aspiration 326 aspire 327 assail 328 assay 329 assent 330 assert 331 assessment 332 assiduous v. discover (sth) so that one is certain; get to know adj. not allowing oneself pleasures and comforts; having or involving a very austere

v. ~ sth to sb/sth consider sth to be caused by, written by or belonging to sb/sth adj. free from bacteria that cause a thing to become septic; surgically clean adj. like ashes in colour; very pale adj. stupid or stubborn adv. Look suspectedly; anumanam ga choocu (He looked askance at the offer) adj. , adv not in a straight or level position; crooked n. harshness or severity, esp of manner slanderous remark n. ~ (fml ) person who is ambitious (for fame, promotion, success, etc) n. ~ ~ (to do sth) strong desire or ambition v. ~ after/to sth desire strongly to achieve sth; have ambition for sth v. ~ sb (fml ) attack sb violently or repeatedly n. testing of esp metals for quality n. ~ (fml ) agreement; approval v. make others recognize (sth) by behaving firmly and confidently n. action of assessing adj. showing constant and careful attention; machi sraddha kala

333 assimilate v. (cause sth to) become absorbed into the body after digestion; kalupukonu, jeernam chesukonu, imudchukonu; (this country assimilates immigrants very quickly) 334 assuage 335 assumption 336 assurance 337 asteroid Mars and Jupiter 338 astigmatism 339 astral v. make (sth) less severe; soothe n. thing accepted as true or as sure to happen, but not proved n. confident belief in one's own abilities and powers n. any of many small planets revolving round the sun, esp between the orbits of

n. defect in an eye or a lens that prevents correct focusing

adj. of or from the stars

340 astringent n. substance, used medically or in cosmetics, that makes skin or body tissue contract and so stops bleeding 341 astronomical 342 astute 343 asunder 344 asylum 345 asymmetric symmetry adj. of astronomy

adj. clever and quick at seeing how to gain an advantage; shrewd adv. into pieces; apart; mukkalu mukkalu ga chimpiveyu n. safety; refuge adj. not having parts that correspond to each other in size, shape, etc; lacking

346 atavism n. reappearance in a person of a characteristic or quality that has not been seen in his family for many generations Ex: humans born with multiple nipples, canine teeth, born with vestigial tails 347 atheistic 348 atone prayuschittam 349 atrocity adj. Rejecting any belief in gods v. ~ (fml ) act in a way that compensates for a previous wrong, error, etc;

n. great wickedness or cruelty

350 atrophy n. wasting away of the body or part of it through lack of nourishment or use; chocchu badu, ksheenata 351 attentive 352 attenuate adj. ~ giving attention (to sb/sth); alert and watchful v. make (sth/sb) thin or slender

353 attest 354 attire 355 attribute

v. ~ (to) sth be or give clear proof of sth n. clothes; dress v. ~ sth to sb/sth regard sth as belonging to, caused by or produced by sb/sth

356 attrition n. process of gradually weakening sb's strength and confidence by continuous harassment; A wearing down to weaken or destroy 357 atypical 358 audacious terrorists) 359 audit 360 augment 361 augury 362 august 363 aureole adj. not representative or characteristic of its type; not typical adj. showing a willingness to take risks; daring; fearless; ( an audacious attack by

n. official examination of accounts to see that they are in order v. make (sth) larger in number or size; increase omen; prophecy majestic, venerable; goppa, ghanamina sun's corona; halo

364 auroral [ aurora: ] an atmospheric phenomenon consisting of bands, curtains, or streamers of light, usually green, red, or yellow, that move across the sky in polar regions. 365 auspicious 366 austere 367 austerity 368 authenticate 369 authoritarian 370 authoritative 371 autocrat adj. showing signs of future success; favourable; promising adj. severely and strictly moral; having no pleasures or comforts n. quality of being austere Rractical experience of sth adj. favouring complete obedience to authority before personal freedom adj. having authority; that can be trusted; reliable n. ruler of an autocracy

372 autocratic adj. Characteristic of an absolute ruler or absolute rule; having absolute sovereignty; niyantrutvam (He ran his office like an autocrat, giving no one else any authority) 373 automaton 374 autonomous 375 autopsy n. = robot 1 adj. self-governing; acting independently n. examination of a dead body to learn the cause of death; post-mortem ()

376 auxiliary 377 avalanche 378 avarice 379 avenge 380 aver 381 averse 382 aversion 383 avert 384 aviary

adj. giving help or support; additional n. mass of snow, ice and rock that slides rapidly down the side of a mountain n. greed for wealth or gain; perasa, dhana daaham v. take or get revenge for v. (fml ) state (sth) firmly and positively; assert; nokki cheppu adj. ~ to sth not liking sth; opposed to sth; vimukhata n. ~ strong dislike v. ~ sth turn sth away n. large cage or building for keeping birds in, eg in a zoo ,

385 avid 386 avocation 387 avow 388 avuncular 389 awe 390 awful 391 awl

adj. ~ eager; greedy secondary or minor occupation; vyapakam v. declare (sth) openly; admit; prakatinchu, prasphutam ga cheppu adj. of or like an uncle, esp in manner n. feeling of respect combined with fear or wonder adj. extremely bad or unpleasant; terrible n. small pointed tool for making holes, esp in leather or wood; kanthani

392 awry 393 axiom 394 azure

adv. crookedly; out of position; askew; vankara, adda diddamina n. statement that is accepted as true without further proof or argument n. , adj bright blue, as of the sky; cerulean

Synopsis: renounciations: abjure, abdicate, abnegation degreade someone: abase, abash, skilled in smt: acumen, adept, adroit, artisan saying or proveb: adage, anecdote, aphorism

Unit B: 209 395 babble 396 bacchanal 397 bacchanalia 398 bacchanalian 399 backslide v. talk in a way that is difficult or impossible to understand n. (dated or fml ) bout of noisy, drunken merrymaking . bacchana-lian adj orgiastic rites associated with Bacchus [ bacchanalia: ] [often cap] orgiastic rites associated with Bacchus v. lapse from good ways into one's former bad ways of living

400 badger n. animal of the weasel family, grey with black and white stripes on its head, living in holes in the ground and moving about at night. Annoy persistently, Persuade through constant efforts (visiginchu, ventapadi oppinchu)

401 badinage 402 baffle 403 bait attract prey 404 baleful

n. playful teasing; banter ; v. be too difficult for to understand; puzzle n. food or imitation food put on a hook to catch fish or placed in nets, traps, etc to

adj. threatening evil or harm; menacing (baleful look of the vultures is fearsome)

405 balk stop short, as if faced with an obstacle, and refuse to continue; foil; stop or get in the way of; frustrate 406 ballast n. heavy material placed in a ship's hold to keep it steady

407 balm n. sweet-smelling oil or ointment obtained from certain types of tree, used for soothing pain or for healing , 408 balmy adj. (of air) gentle and pleasantly warm; (Springtime on Mars is quite a bit balmier than the planet's winter season) 409 banal 410 bandy 411 bane 412 bank 413 bantering 414 bar 415 barb 416 bard 417 barefaced adj. commonplace; uninteresting v. (idm ) bandy `words (with sb) (dated ) exchange words, etc, esp when quarrelling n. the bane of sb's existence/life cause of sb's ruin or trouble n. land sloping up along each side of a river or canal; ground near a river adj. playfully teasing n. piece of solid material n. point of an arrow, a fish-hook, etc curved backwards to make it difficult to pull out n. minstrel adj. impudent; shameless

418 bargain

n. agreement in which both or all sides promise to do sth for each other

419 baroque adj. n highly ornate style fashionable in the arts (esp architecture) in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries , 420 barrage 421 barrister n. barrier built across a river to store water for irrigation, prevent flooding, etc n. lawyer who has the right to speak and argue as an advocate in higher lawcourts

422 barterer [ barter: ] to trade (goods, services, etc.) in exchange for other goods, services, etc., rather than for money 423 base 424 bask 425 bastard 426 bastion 427 bate 428 battalion brigade 429 bauble 430 bawdy n. lowest part of sth, esp the part on which it rests or is supported v. ~ sit or lie enjoying warmth n. illegitimate child n. part of a fortification that projects from the rest let down; restrain n. army unit composed of several companies and forming part of a regiment or

n. showy ornament of little value adj. amusing in a coarse or indecent way

Prefix be all over, all around completely having, covered with affect with (added to nouns) cause to be (added to adjectives)

bespatter, beset bewitch, bemuse Bejeweled befog Becalm, belittle

431 bearing 432 beatific 433 beatitude 434 bedizen 435 bedraggle 436 beeline

n. way of standing, walking, etc; deportment adj. showing or giving great joy and serenity; blissful n. great happiness; blessedness ; dress with vulgar finery wet thoroughly the most direct route between two places

437 befuddle 438 beget 439 begrudge 440 beguile 441 behemoth 442 beholden 443 behoove 444 belabor 445 belated 446 beleaguer 447 belie 448 belittle 449 bellicose 450 belligerent 451 bemoan 452 bemused 453 benediction 454 benefactor 455 beneficent 456 beneficial 457 beneficiary dies 458 benefit 459 benevolent 460 benign 461 benison

confuse thoroughly v. (arch ) be the father of (sb) v. resent or be dissatisfied with charm (sb) huge creature; something of monstrous size or power adj. ~ to sb (dated or fml ) owing thanks or indebted to sb n. suited to ; incumbent upon to explain or insist on excessively adj. coming very late or too late v. besiege v. give a wrong or an untrue idea of (sth) v. make seem unimportant or of little value adj. eager to fight; warlike; aggressive adj. waging war; engaged in a conflict v. show sorrow for or complain about (sb/sth) adj. bewildered or confused n. blessing, esp one said before a meal or at the end of a church service n. person who gives money or other help to a school, hospital, charity, etc adj. showing active kindness; generous; charitable adj. ~ having a helpful or useful effect; advantageous n. person who receives sth, esp one who receives money, property, etc when sb

n. profit; gain; future good (used esp with the vs and preps shown) adj. ~ being, or wishing to be, kind, friendly and helpful adj. kindly; gentle blessing

462 bent 463 bequeath one dies 464 berate

n. ~ (for sth/doing sth) natural skill (at sth); liking or inclination (for sth/doing sth) v. ~ sth (to sb) arrange, by making a will, to give (property, money etc) (to sb) when

v. scold sharply

465 bereaved [ bereave: ] [usually foll by of] to deprive (of) something or someone valued, esp. through death; bandhu viyogam; 466 bereavement 467 bereft 468 berserk 469 beseech 470 beset 471 besiege 472 besmirch 473 bestial 474 bestow 475 betoken 476 betray 477 betroth 478 bevy 479 beware 480 bewitch 481 bicameral 482 bicker 483 bid auction 484 biennial 485 bifurcated n. state of being bereaved;

adj. ~ (fml ) deprived of (a power or quality) adj. wild with rage v. ~ sb (for sth) ask sb earnestly; implore sb; entreat sb v. (fml ) surround (sb/sth) on all sides; trouble constantly; threaten v. surround with armed forces in order to make it surrender v. dishonour (sb/sth); slander adj. of or like a beast; brutish; cruel v. ~ sth (fml ) present sth as a gift (to sb); confer v. be a sign of (sth); indicate v. ~ sb/sth hand over or show sb/sth disloyally (to an enemy) become engaged to marry n. large group v. ~ (of sb/sth) be cautious (of sb/sth); take care (about sb/sth) ; v. put a magic spell on adj. having two legislative chambers v. ~ (over/about sth) quarrel about unimportant things v. ~ (sth) (for sth); esp US ~ (sth) (on sth) offer (a price) in order to buy sth, esp at an

adj. happening every second year [ bifurcate: ] to fork or divide into two parts or branches

486 bigot disagrees 487 bigotry 488 bilious 489 bilk 490 billow 491 billowing 492 bitter 493 bivouac mountaineers 494 bizarre 495 blackball 496 blanch 497 bland

n. person who holds strong beliefs and opinions, and is intolerant of anyone who

n. bigoted attitude or behaviour adj. caused by or suffering from too much bile v. ~ sb of sth) avoid paying money to sb; cheat sb (out of sth) n. large wave [ billow: ] a large sea wave adj. having a sharp taste like aspirin or unsweetened coffee; not sweet n. temporary camp without tents or any other cover, esp used by soldiers or

adj. strange in appearance or effect; grotesque; eccentric ; v. prevent from joining a club or group by voting against him in a ballot v. prepare by putting briefly in boiling water; scald adj. gentle or casual in manner; showing no strong emotions; suave ; n. (fml ) flattering or coaxing words and actions

498 blandishment 499 blare

v. ~ make a loud harsh sound like a trumpet adj. showing contempt or irreverence for God and sacred things n. blasphemous behaviour or language adj. very obvious; unashamed; flagrant

500 blasphemous 501 blasphemy 502 blatant

503 bleak adj. Offering little or no hope; Providing no shelter or sustenance (of a landscape) bare; exposed; wind-swept (Besides shuttle program NASA telescope program, another arm of the US space program, faces a bleak future due to budget cutting by the US administration) 504 blemish 505 blight 506 blighted 507 bliss 508 blithe n. mark or stain that spoils the beauty or perfection of sb/sth n. disease that withers plants (adj.) causing frustration or destruction n. perfect happiness; great joy adj. happy and carefree; casual

509 bloated 510 blotch 511 blowhard 512 bludgeon 513 blue

adj. swollen with fat, gas or liquid n. large discoloured mark, usu irregular in shape a very boastful and talkative person n. short thick stick with a heavy end, used as a weapon adj. having the colour of a clear sky or the sea on a sunny day

514 blues [ blue: ] any of a group of colours, such as that of a clear unclouded sky, that have wavelengths in the range 490--445 nanometres. Blue is the complementary colour of yellow and with red and green forms a set of primary colours 515 bluff 516 blunder 517 blunt 518 blurt 519 blush 520 bluster 521 bode 522 bog 523 bogus 524 Bohemian 525 boisterous 526 bolster 527 bolt v. try to deceive by pretending to be stronger, braver, cleverer, etc than one is n. stupid or careless mistake adj. without a sharp edge or a point v. blurt sth out say sth suddenly and tactlessly v. ~ (at sth) become red in the face (because of sth) v. blow fiercely or in strong gusts v. be a sign of (sth coming) n. wet spongy ground formed of decaying vegetation adj. not genuine; false n, adj having or displaying a very informal and unconventional way of life , adj. noisy, lively and cheerful n. long pillow, usu shaped like a roll, across the head of a bed n. metal bar that slides into a socket to lock a door, window, etc n. n. pompous and meaningless words adj. pompous and empty adj. fond of reading; studious n. request or favour (used esp with the vs shown)

528 bombardment 529 bombast 530 bombastic 531 bookish 532 boon

533 boor 534 boorish 535 boost 536 botch 537 bouillon 538 bound 539 bountiful 540 bourgeois 541 bout 542 bovine 543 bowdlerize 544 brackish 545 brag

n. rough, rude or insensitive man adj. of or like a boor v. increase the strength or value of help or encourage (sb/sth) v. ~ sth spoil sth by poor or clumsy work; repair sth badly n. thin clear soup or broth; stock ; v. form the boundary of (sth); limit adj. giving generously adj. of or relating to the property-owning middle class n. ~ short period of a specified activity adj. of or relating to cattle expurgate adj. slightly salty v. ~ (about/of sth) talk with too much pride (about sth); boast a:empty boasting b:arrogant pretension:COCKINESS n. person who brags

546 braggadocio 547 braggart

548 braid n. number of threads of silk, cotton, etc woven together in a narrow band for decorating clothes and material 549 brand 550 brandish 551 bravado 552 brave courageous 553 brawl 554 brawn 555 brawny 556 brazen n. particular make of goods or their trade mark v. wave in a triumphant or threatening way; display n. display of boldness adj. (of a person) ready to face and endure danger, pain or suffering; having no fear;

n. noisy quarrel or fight n. strong muscles; muscular strength adj. strong and muscular adj. shameless; insolent

557 breach 558 breadth 559 breed 560 brevity

n. breaking or neglect n. distance or measurement from side to side; width v. (of animals) produce young n. shortness or briefness

561 bridle n. part of a horse's harness that goes on its head, including the metal bit for the mouth, the straps and the reins 562 brim 563 brindled 564 brink 565 brisk 566 bristle 567 bristling 568 brittle 569 broach contents 570 brocade 571 brochure 572 broil 573 bromide 574 brooch 575 brood 576 brook 577 browbeat 578 browse n. top edge of a cup, bowl, glass, etc adj. brown with streaks of another colour n. edge at the top of a steep high place, eg a cliff adj. quick; active; energetic n. short stiff hair rising like bristles; showing irritation adj. hard but easily broken; fragile v. make a hole in to draw off the liquid inside; open (a bottle, etc) to use the

n. fabric woven with a raised pattern, esp of gold or silver threads n. booklet or pamphlet containing information about sth or advertising sth v. cook (meat) on a fire or gridiron; grill n. chemical compound of bromine, used in medicine to calm the nerves n. ornament with a hinged pin and clasp, worn on women's clothes , n. all the young birds or other animals produced at one hatching or birth n. small stream v. ~ sb (into doing sth) frighten sb with stern looks and words; bully ; intimidate v. examine books in a casual, leisurely way

579 bruise n. injury caused by a blow to the body or to a fruit, discolouring the skin but not breaking it (The ICC rankings themselves won t be a priority for players, but they can no doubt boost or bruise a player s confidence, or at least pride)

580 brunt 581 brusque 582 buccaneer 583 bucolic

n. bear the brunt of sth adj. rough and abrupt; curt n. pirate adj. of country life or the countryside; rustic ;

584 buffet n. counter where food and drink may be bought and consumed, esp in a railway station or on a train 585 buffoon 586 buffoonery 587 bugaboo 588 bulge 589 bulk 590 bullion 591 bully 592 bulwark 593 bump sth 594 bungle 595 buoyant n. ridiculous but amusing person; clown n. ridiculous behaviour; clowning ; bugbear; object of baseless terror n. rounded swelling; outward curve n. size, quantity or volume, esp when great n. gold or silver in bulk or bars, before it is made into coins, etc n. person who uses his strength or power to frighten or hurt weaker people n. wall, esp of earth, built as a defence v. ~ against/into sb/sth knock or strike sth with a dull-sounding blow; collide with

v. do badly or clumsily; spoil (a task) through lack of skill adj. (of an object) able to float

596 bureaucracy n. system of government through departments managed by State officials, not by elected representatives 597 burgeon v. (of a plant) put out leaves; sprout

Burgeon: Defoliate 598 burlesque n. comic or exaggerated imitation; parody 599 burly 600 burnish 601 bust 602 buttress adj. with a strong heavy body; sturdy v. make smooth and shiny by rubbing; polish n. sculpture of a person's head, shoulders and chest n. support built against a wall .

603 buxom

adj. (of women) plump and healthy-looking; having a large bosom ;

Unit C: 470 604 cabal 605 cache n. secret political plot, rajakeeya kutra n. place for hiding food, treasure or weapons

Tip: Pref. CACO- bad 606 cacophonous 607 cacophony X Euphonious 608 cadaver 609 cadaverous 610 cadence 611 cadet n. dead body of a person; corpse; kalebaram adj. looking like a corpse; very pale and gaunt; n. rhythm in sound n. young person training to become a policeman or an officer in the armed forces (adj.) Having an unpleasant sound n. loud unpleasant mixture of discordant sounds, asravyata

612 cajole v. ~ sb(into/out of sth); ~ sb (into/out of doing sth) persuade sb (to do sth) by gentle urging/flattery/deceit; coax sb, laalinchu 613 calamity 614 calculated 615 caldron n. serious misfortune or disaster undertaken after considering the likelihood of success or failure = cauldron

616 caliber 617 calligraphy

ability; capacity n. beautiful handwriting

618 callous adj. cruelly insensitive or unsympathetic, moddubarina, bhavam leni (the worker developed callouses on his hands, a callous indifference to suffering 619 callow adj. immature and inexperienced, anubhavam leni, (a callow enterprise)

620 callus 621 calorific 622 calumny

n. area of thick hardened skin adj. of or producing heat n. false statement about sb, made to damage his character, apavadu, apaprada n. friendship and mutual trust; comradeship ;

623 camaraderie

Clue: comrade a friend 624 cameo n. small piece of hard stone with a raised design, esp one with two coloured layers so that the background is of a different colour from the design

625 camp tents or huts

n. place where people (eg holiday-makers, Scouts or explorers) live temporarily in

626 canard n. false report or rumour, unfounded rumour, abaddhapu rata, abhandam, pukaru, (new canard is spreading in Bihar that polio drops spread cancer) 627 candor forthrightness X artifice 628 canine adj. of, like or relating to dogs The quality of being honest and straightforward in attitude and speech;

629 canker n. disease that destroys the wood of plants and trees, an ulceration esp on lips and mouth, notilo pundu, chetlaku patte tegulu, ( he said I was the canker in their midst) 630? canny adj. shrewd and careful, esp in business matters

631 cant n. insincere talk, esp about religion or morality; hypocrisy; (president slashed the education budget, all his talk about importance of education is mere cant) 632 cantankerous adj. bad-tempered; quarrelsome; vipareeta bhavalu gala, kalaha priya ( unions are ~ about demarcation of shipbuilders, ~ lady)

633 cantata n. short musical work, often on a religious subject, sung by soloists and usu a choir, accompanied by an orchestra, (similar to )hari katha/ burra katha 634 canter n. (of a horse) movement that is faster than a trot but slower than a gallop

Horse riding : Trot -> canter -> gallop 635 canto 636 canvass 637 capacious 638 capacity 639 capillary kesa nalalika 640 capitulate 641 caprice chapachittam 642 capricious impulsive 643 capsize 644 caption 645 captious 646 carafe n. any of the main divisions of a long poem v. ~ (for sth) go around an area asking (people) for (political support) adj. that can hold much; roomy n. ability to hold or contain sth n. any of the very narrow blood vessels connecting arteries and veins in the body,

v. ~ surrender (to sb), esp on agreed conditions, longu, lobadu n. sudden change in attitude or behaviour with no obvious cause; whim,

adj. characterized by sudden changes in attitude or behaviour; unpredictable;

v. overturn or be overturned, bolta padu (boat capsized) n. short title or heading of an article in a magazine, etc , adj. fond of criticizing or raising objections about unimportant matters; quibbling; n. glass container in which wine or water are served at meals .

647 carapace

n. shell on the back of a tortoise or crustacean

648 carat

n. unit of weight. Gold 24 carat = 100% 18C= 75% pure, for stones 1C= 200mg [ carcinogen: ] "carcino'genic adjective adj. most important; chief; fundamental, maulika, pradhamika (cardinal rule)

649 carcinogenic 650 cardinal

Hint: cardinal gunde lantidi - important 651 cardiologist of the heart n. A specialist in cardiology; a specialist in the structure and function and disorders

652 careen v. Walk as if unable to control one's movements, turn on its side (esp for cleaning or repairing), toolu, orugu, (drunken man careened into the bed room; Voyager 1 is careening away from the sun at 114,155 miles per hour) 653 career 654 carefree n. profession or occupation with opportunities for advancement or promotion adj. without responsibilities or worries; cheerful

655 caricature n. picture,description or imitation of sb/sth that exaggerates certain characteristics in order to amuse or ridicule 656 carillon See video 657 carnage n. killing of many people, marana homam, damanakanda n. set of bells sounded either from a keyboard or mechanically, ghanta nadam

658 carnal adj. of the body or flesh; sexual or sensual (carnal knowledge = sexual knowledge, ~ remains = body remains) 659 carnivorous 660 carousal 661 carping 662 carrion elephant) 663 cartographer adj. flesh-eating; X herbivores (noisy party with) drinking and merry-making adj. tending to make petty complaints; fault-finding, duraapekshana, n. dead and decaying flesh, kullina kalebaram, (vultures feeding on carrion of

n. person who draws maps and charts

664 cascade 665 caste 666 castigation 667 castrate

n. waterfall, esp one of a series forming a large waterfall, succession of stages n. any of the hereditary Hindu social classes severe punishment v. remove the testicles of (a male animal or person); geld

Gelding = castrated male horse Ox= castrated bull ram= uncastrated male sheep 668 casual 669 casualty adj. happening by chance n. person who is killed or injured in war or in an accident

670 cataclysm n. sudden violent change or disaster, eg a flood, an earthquake, a revolution or a war, vaipareetyam (SC: some born with a predisposition to commit suiscide, whereas some commit suiscide because they are unable to bear cataclysmic changes in their lives) 671 catalyst 672 catapult shooting stones. n. substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself changing n. Y-shaped stick with a piece of elastic attached to it, used esp by children for

673 cataract 674 catastrophe 675 catcall

n. large steep waterfall, an eye disease n. sudden great disaster or misfortune n. shrill whistle expressing disapproval

676 catechism n. summary of the principles of a religion in the form of questions and answers, A series of questions put to an individual (such as a political candidate) to elicit their views, prasnottaralu 677 categorical denial) 678 cater adj. unconditional; absolute; explicit, spastamga, teta tellamga (a categorical

v. ~ (for sth/sb) provide food and services, esp at social functions

679 catharsis n. (instance of the) release of strong feelings through the effect of art, esp drama, purging(cleaning) of bowels(pregulu) using cathartic(virechana kari)

680 cathartic 681 catholic 682 caucus other legislature 683 caulk

adj. causing catharsis; purgative ; n. purgative drug, virechana kari adj. = Roman Catholic (Roman) n. (meeting of the) parliamentary members of a particular political party or any

v. make (esp a boat) watertight by filling the seams or joints with waterproof material

684 causal 685 caustic

adj. of or forming a cause; relating to cause and effect ; adj. that can burn or destroy things by chemical action

686 cauterize burn with hot iron or caustic, Burn, sear, or freeze (tissue), dahaneekaranam (The surgeon cauterized the wart) see videos for cauterization wart 687 cavalcade 688 cavalier n. procession of people on horseback, in cars, etc; asvaka brundam n. A supporter of Charles I in the English Civil War

689 cavil v. ~ (at sth) (fml ) make unnecessary complaints (about sth), (I don t like the way he cavil about the unimportant things) 690 cede v. ~ sth give up one's rights to or possession of sth, give over, appaginchu, icchi veyu, ( the squatters had to cede this building after police move in) Cession- the act of ceding 691 celerity his wife s death) 692 celestial 693 celibate 694 cemetery n. quickness, speed, tvaritam, (We resented his celerity to remarry within a month of

adj. of the sky adj. remaining unmarried, abstaining sex, esp for religious reasons, n. area of land, not a churchyard, used for burying the dead ,

695 censor n. person authorized to examine books, films, plays, letters, etc and remove partswhich are considered indecent, offensive, politically unacceptable or a threat to security

696 censorious 697 censure

adj. tending to find faults in people or things; severely critical ; v. ~ sb criticize sb severely; rebuke sb formally, mandalinchu

698 centaur n. one of a tribe of creatures with a man's head, arms and upper body on a horse's body and legs (clue: centauris constellation)

699 centigrade adj. of or using a temperature scale with the freezing-point of water at 0 and the boiling-point at 100 700 centrifugal 701 centrifuge cream 702 centripetal 703 centurion adj. moving away from the centre or axis n. rotating machine using centrifugal force to separate substances, eg milk and

adj. moving towards the centre or axis n. officer commanding a unit of 100 soldiers

704 cerebral adj. of the brain, Involving intelligence rather than emotions or instinct, (The content of philosophical works is cerebral in nature and requires much thought) X intution 705 cerebration cerebration) 706 ceremonious 707 certitude n. working of the brain; thinking; (Mathematics problems sometimes require much

adj. full of ceremony; very formal; aadamba poorvakam ga, aachara baddam ga n. Total certainty or greater certainty than circumstances warrant

708 cessation n. action or act of ceasing; pause, nilupudala, viramam, (the workers threaten a cessation of all activities if their demands are not met) 709 cession n. action of ceding sth, esp land or rights, appaginta, samarpana, (they had to cede the room for police for inspection)

710 chafe v. ~ Cause friction, Become or make sore by or as if by rubbing, become irritated or impatient (because of sth), oruchukonu, atiga chiraku teppinchu( the sweater chafes on neck, Mosquitoes buzzing in my ear really chafes me)

711 chaff 712 chaffing 713 chagrin match)

n. outer covering of corn, etc, separated from the grain by threshing or winnowing (n.) banter; teasing n. feeling of disappointment or annoyance, (to his chagrin KKR lost yet another

714 chalice n. large cup for holding wine, esp one from which consecrated(= pavitram cheyabadina) wine is drunk at the Eucharist

715 chameleon surroundings 716 champion competition 717 championship 718 chancellor

n. any of various types of small lizard that can change colour according to its

n. person, team, animal or plant that has defeated or excelled all others in a

n. contest to decide who is the champion n. head of government in Austria etc

719 chant n. simple tune to which psalms or canticles are fitted by singing several syllables or words to the same note 720 chaotic adj. in a state of chaos; completely disorganized

721 chapel n. small building or room used for Christian worship, eg in a school, prison, large private house, etc

722 chaperon n. older person, usu a woman, who looks after a girl or a young unmarried woman on social occasions A chaperone (or occasionally chaperon) is an adult who accompanies or supervises one or more young, unmarried men or women during social occasions, usually with the specific intent of preventing inappropriate social or sexual interactions or illegal behavior (e.g., underage drinking or illegal drug use). The chaperone is typically accountable(=javaabudaari) to a third party, usually the parents of one of the accompanied young people. 723 chaplain forces 724 char 725 charisma n. clergyman attached to the chapel of a school, prison, etc, or serving in the armed

v. (cause sth to) become black by burning; scorch n. power to inspire devotion and enthusiasm

726 charlatan n. person who falsely claims to have special knowledge or skill, esp in medicine, (munnabhai is a charlatan who knows nothing about medicine) 727 charm 728 chary 729 chase 730 chasm n. power of pleasing, fascinating or attracting people; attractiveness adj. ~ (of sth) cautious; wary, pisinari, jagratta gala ( a chary invester) v. ~ sb/sth run after in order to capture or overtake sb/sth n. deep opening in the ground; abyss; gorge; agadham

Bridging the chasm between strategy and execution 731 chassis are built; 732 chaste n. framework on which the body and working parts of a vehicle, radio or television

adj. not having had sexual intercourse; virgin;

733 chasten v. punish in order to correct or improve; discipline; Punish especially by reproof or reprimand; (Their mothers chastened the children for playing in the mud) 734 chastise 735 chauvinist 736 check v. punish (sb) severely, esp by beating n, adj displaying or feeling chauvinism, durahankari v. ~ (up) make sure of sth by examining or investigating it

737 checkered adj. chequered, Marked by changeable fortune, voididudukula (a chequered business career, during his checkered carrer he had lived in mansions and and dreary boardinghouses) 738 cherubic adj. with a plump and innocent face, related to heaven, angelic, (cherubic child face with cheerful smile and rosy cheeks) 739 chicanery n. use of clever but misleading talk in order to trick sb, esp in legal matters; dishonest practice 740 chide v. ~ sb (for sth) (dated or fml ) rebuke; scold (chide him for lying), (Irked Jayalalitha chides Puducherry CM) 741 chimerical adj. unreal; fanciful imagination, bhramika mina, midhya aina, asadhyamina, (social change in the way mentioned in the book is chimerical) 742 chip 743 chisel 744 chivalrous n. thin piece cut or broken off from wood, stone, china, glass, etc n. tool with a sharp cutting edge at the end, for shaping wood, stone or metal adj. showing the qualities of a perfect knight,

Chivalrous behaviours: good words + noble deeds + attentiveness and courtesy toward women How to be chivalrous video 745 choice 746 choir gaanam 747 choleric 748 chore n. ~ act of choosing between two or more possibilities n. organized group of singers, esp one that performs in church services, brunda

adj. easily angered; bad-tempered ; n. small routine task n. steps for ballet and dancing on stage

749 choreography 750 chortle 751 chorus 752 chronic 753 chronicle kathanam 754 chuckle

n. {laugh} loud chuckle of pleasure or amusement n. group of singers; choir adj. lasting for a long time; continually recurring n. record of historical events in the order in which they happened, charitraka

v. laugh quietly or to oneself

(new) churn v. producing or produced by vigorous agitatio; (of a liquid) agitated vigorously; in a state of turbulence; madhinchu, chiluku (The Bedouin tribe of gulf had people riding camels in desert but their grandchildren would be churning up the sand for oil) 755 churlish 756 ciliated 757 cipher others; code adj. Rude and boorish, It seems churlish to refuse such a generous offer having minute hairs n. (method of) secret writing in which a set of letters or symbols is used to represent

TIP: pref. CIRCUM/ CIRC: around 758 circlet ornament n. circular band, eg of precious metal, flowers, etc, worn round the head as an

759 circuit

n. line, route or journey round a place

760 circuitous adj. long and indirect; roundabout, chuttu tirugudu, donka tirugudu, Because of the traffic congestion on the main highways, she took a circuitous route. 761 circumlocution n. A style that involves indirect ways of expressing things, use of many words to say sth that could be said in a few words, donka tirugudu ga cheppadam, sakha chankramanam, vakya vistarana, (He was afraid to call spade a spade and resorted to circumlocutions to avoid direct reference to his subject) Spade = extreamly offencive name for a black person, karrigadu 762 circumscribe v. draw line around, restrict (sth) within limits; confine, haddu erparachu

763 circumspect adj. considering everything carefully before acting; cautious; wary; aachi toochi vyavahirinche, (physicians are now more circumspect about recommending its use) 764 circumvent v. find a way of overcoming or avoiding (sth), Beat through cleverness and wit , tappinchukonu, mosam cheyu, data veyu, (In order to circumvent enymy we will make preliminary attacks before starting the main campaign) 765 cistern (as rainwater) 766 citadel 767 cite 768 civil memory) an artificial reservoir (as an underground tank) for storing liquids and especially water

fortress, A stronghold into which people could go for shelter during a battle quote; commend(=prastchavinchu, perkonu, mecchukonu), make reference to, adj. of or relating to the citizens of a country, (cite the passages in the book from

769 clairvoyant n, having the power of clairvoyance, Having apparent power to perceive things that are not present to the senses, divya drusthi, (Cassandra's clairvoyant warning was not heeded by the Trojans) 770 clamber v. climb, esp with difficulty or effort, using the hands and feet; an akward climb, (he reached the crest with real clamber)

771 clamor wicket) 772 clandestine clandestinely)

shout, complain with a lot of noise, gola, goggolu, (a clamorous appeal for the

adj. done secretly; kept secret; surreptitious, donga chatuga(The video is shot

773 clangor make a loud resonant noise, (the alarm clangored throughout the building, clangoring metel) 774 clap 775 clapper side v. ~ sth (together) strike (the palms of one's hands) together n. piece of metal, etc fixed loosely inside a bell and making it sound by striking the

776 clarion

adj. loud, clear and rousing, V. blow clarion (A clarion call)

777 clasp

n. device for fastening things together

clasp locker

silver clasp lock

778 claustrophobia n. A morbid fear of being closed in a confined space X Agoraphobia= morbid fear of open spacdes 779 clavicle n. collar-bone

780 cleave the tree in two) 781 cleft

v. break or split, esp along a natural line, pagulchu, cheelchu, (The lightening cleaves

pp. of cleave, n. crack or split occurring naturally

782 clemency n. mildness (esp of weather), disposition to be lenient, daya, (The clemency program, proclaimed Monday by President Thein Sein, commuted death sentences to life imprisonment and reduced all other jail terms by one year) 783 cliche n. phrase or idea which is used so often that it has become stale or meaningless, baga naligina saameta, ex: ants in his pants, another nail in the coffin etc 784 clientele 785 climactic n. customers or clients as a group adj. consisting or forming a climax

Climatic = related to weather 786 clime 787 clip 788 clipper n. (arch or joc ) country; climate, (His doctors advised him to move to a milder clime) n. any of various wire or metal devices used for holding things together n. clippers instrument for clipping nails, hair, hedges, etc

789 clique n. small group of people, often with shared interests, who associate closely and exclude others from their group, mutha, gumpu, brundam 790 cloister n. covered passage around an open court or quadrangle, with a wall on the outer side and columns or arches on the inner side, esp within a convent or college, or attached to a cathedral; Residence that is a place of religious seclusion, kraistava sanyasula matham.

mosaic cloister carved stoe cloister 791 clot 792 clout

ancient

n. half-solid lump formed from a liquid, eg from blood when it is exposed to the air n. heavy blow with the fist or a hard object, target in archery, long shot in baseball,

Influence or power esp. in political terms (palukubadi, the chairman s nephew has lot of clout) 793 clown n. comic entertainer who paints his face and dresses in a ridiculous way and performs funny or foolish tricks

794 cloying adj. sickeningly sweet, Cause surfeit through excess though initially pleasing, ati teepi, (Disliking the cloying sweetness of standard wedding cakes, Jody and Tom chose a homemade carrot cake for their reception; Too much spicy food cloyed his appetite) 795 coagulate v. change from a liquid to a thick and semi-solid state; clot, gadda kattu, perukonu

796 coalesce v. combine and form one group, substance, mass, etc, misramam, sankeernam, (coalescing treditions, colors coalescing well, coalation govt) 797 coalition n. action of uniting into one body or group

798 coax v. (~ sb sth) persuade sb gently or gradually, pogidi sammatimpacheyu, muripenga, laalanaga (He coaxed her into going along, Come here,' she said coaxingly; Using a two-layer, 440-pound copper coil the size of a water bucket, German scientists managed to coax 91.4 teslas magnetic field setting a new world record) 799 coda n. final passage of a piece of music

800 coddle v. treat with great care and tenderness, cook in nearly boiling water, mudduladu, upacharincu, (gradparents coddle children, coddle eggs for brakefast) 801 codicil n. later addition to a will, esp one that changes part of it, anubandha veelunama

802 codify v. arrange (laws, rules, etc) systematically into a code, krodeekarinchu, spastam ga perkonu (We need to take the varying rules and regulations of the different health agencies and codify them into a national health code) 803 coercion n. The act of compelling by force of authority, Using force to cause something to occur, balavantam, (they didn't have to use coercion; they coerced him to obey) 804 coeval adj. ~ (fml ) existing at the same time or having the same age as sb/sth else; contemporary;cotaneous samakaaleena (The range was composed of grand, solid, abrupt masses of granite, which appeared as if they had been coeval with the beginning of the world) 805 cog each of a series of teeth on the edge of a wheel, that fit between those of a similar wheel, so that each wheel can cause the other one to move, palla chakram

Cog wheel 806 cogent 807 cogitate will come) adj. convincing; Powerfully persuasive, (present cogent arguments to the jury) v. ~ sth (fml or joc ) think deeply about sth, (cogitate on this problem; the solution

adj. ~ (linguistics ) (of a word or language) having the same source or origin as 808 cognate another one, saha jaati ki sambandhinchina, one related by blood or origin (~ words, all dravidan langs are ~ languages) 809 cognitive adj. of or relating to cognition

mano vikasa sakthi, the mental process of knowing, understanding, and learning something. [When a person is quick to understand something and can learn easily their cognitive development is good. A normal child's cognitive development is active from the age of three years, that is, a child begins to know and understand things from the age of three. Human beings have a much higher cognitive ability than the other animals. ex: Mary and husband Nelson are worried that their little son's cognitive powers are not the level of the other children of the same age. He is slow to learn and understand things.] 810 cognizance n. knowledge; awareness, telisi vundu (he is cognizant of the hostility of the enymy, it is beyond my congnizance) 811 cohabit v. ~ (fml ) (usu of an unmarried couple) live together, (Once a marriage has ended, people may choose to do one of three things: cohabit, remarry, or remain unmarried) 812 cohere v. stick together in a mass or group, keep unite, anti pettukuni vunchu(the wet grains cohere, the religion has the power and motive to cohere societies) 813 cohesion n. tendency to stick together; unity

814 cohorts [military] a group of people having approx same age, a companion or associate, sahacharulu, brundam (Caesar and his Roman cohorts conquered almost all of the known world) 815 coiffure n. way in which (esp a woman's) hair is arranged; hairstyle; sirojaalankarana (coiffure my hair for the wedding) 816 coin 817 coincidence 818 coincident n. piece of metal used as money n. occurrence of similar events or circumstances at the same time by chance adj. happening at the same time by chance

819 colander n. metal or plastic bowl with many small holes in it, used to drain water from vegetables, etc, esp after cooking, jalleda

820 collaborate v. ~ (on sth) work together (with sb), esp to create or produce sth, kalisi panicheyu, sahakarinchu, ( we collaborated with other during research and achieved success, two persons collaborated to prepare this book) 821 collage n. fixing pieces of paper, cloth, photographs, etc to a surface; any collection of diverse things; montage 822 collate v. ~ A with B means examine and compare in order to find the differences between them, To assemble in proper sequence, saripolchu, pogu chesi kramam lo pettu (collate the papers, They collated the newly found manuscripts to determine their age) 823 collateral adj. Descended from a common ancestor but through different lines, side by side; parallel; jati sambandham gala, pakka pakkana, ~ loan poochikattu pi appu ~ aggrement yadruchika nastam 824 collation 825 collected n. action of collating adj. in control of oneself; calm

adj. belonging to or suitable for normal conversation but not formal speech or 826 colloquial writing, vyavaharika bhasha Patois = soodra bhasha, vernaculrar = pranteeya bhasha 827 colloquy n. formal conversation, sambhashana

828 collusion n. ~ ~ (between sb and sb) (fml ) secret agreement or co-operation between two or more people with the aim of deceiving or cheating others 829 colossal adj. very large; immense; huge

830 colossus n. statue much larger than life size, maha moorthi, pedda vigraham, ( colossus of Rhodes is one of the ancient wonders of the world) 831 coma or illness 832 comatose 833 combustible 834 comeback n. state of deep unconsciousness, usu lasting a long time and caused by severe injury

adj. in a coma; deeply unconscious ; adj. that can catch fire and burn easily a return to a former position, status, etc.

835 comely having a pleasing appearance:not homely or plain, chakkani, sundaramina, (I would rather have a poor and comely wife than a rich and homely one)

836 comestible

something fit to be eaten, tina dagina

837 comeuppance desert punishment, An outcome (good or bad) that is well deserved, tagina phalitam/ tagina saasti(After his earlier rudeness, we were delighted to see him get his comeuppance) 838 comity friendly social atmosphere:social harmony; A state or atmosphere of harmony or mutual civility and respect, sahrudhbhava vatavaranam( spirit of comity between the nations) 839 commandeer v. take possession or control of forcibly or for official (esp military) purposes, lakkonu, ("The Cubans commandeered the plane and flew it to Miami , the policeman commandeered the car and ordered the driver to go for medical examination) 840 commemorate 841 commemorative v. keep (a great person, event, etc) in people's memories adj. helping to commemorate

842 commensurate adj~(fml ) in the right proportion (to sth); appropriate, samaananga / taginanta (a salary commensurate with my performance. ) 843 commiserate v. ~ (on/over sth) (fml ) feel, or say that one feels, sympathy, jaali chendu, (the friends commiserated with the widow) 844 commodious 845 commonplace adj. having a lot of space available for use; roomy adj. ordinary; not interesting

846 commonwealth n. independent State or community, countries that are independent and united in common alliegience but are not subordinate to it or one another 847 communal 848 commune 849 compact 850 compartment carriage, is divided 851 compassion adj. for the use of all; a group rather than an individual, v. ~ ~ (together) talk to sb intimately; feel close to sb/sth adj. closely packed together n. any of the sections into which a larger area or enclosed space, esp a railway

n. ~ pity for the sufferings of others, making one want to help them, daya, jaali

852 compatible adj. ~ (of people, ideas, arguments, principles, etc) suited; that can exist together, anukoolamga, anugunam ga 853 compelling adj. extremely interesting and exciting, so that one has to pay attention

854 compendium n. ~ (of sth) brief but full account; summary, sankshipta roopam, saaramsam, (This text can serve as a compendium of the tremendous amount of new material being developed in this field)

855 compilation 856 compile

n. compiling, sankalanam v. ~ sth (for/from sth) collect (information) and arrange it in a book, list, report, etc

857 complacency n. ~ (usu derogatory ) calm feeling of satisfaction with oneself, one's work, etc; nirlakshyam, alasatvam, Complacency is the negligency because of feeling satisfied 858 complacent improve adj. ~ (usu derog ) calmly satisfied with oneself, one's work, and not looking to

859 complaisant adj. ready to please; obliging, (his wife given divorce to him because he is complacent to his boss) 860 complement 861 complementary 862 compliance n. ~ thing that goes well or suitably with sth else, or makes it complete adj. ~ combining well to form a balanced whole n. Obedience to rule, action in accordance with a request or command;

(govt insists compliance inorder to run the govt smoothly) 863 compliant adj. ~ (usu derog ) (too) willing to comply (with other people, with rules, etc)

864 complicity n. ~ action of taking part with another person (in a crime or some other wrongdoing); shared responsibility, todu donga Note: Complicit is adjective and accomplice is noun. They are not interchangeable. 865 component n. any of the parts of which sth is made

866 comport v. ~ Act well or properly; not be naughty; Behave in a certain manner, (The children must learn to comport) 867 compost growth of plants 868 composure 869 compound n. mixture of decayed organic matter, manure, etc added to soil to improve the

n. state of being calm in mind or behavior, sthimitatvam, chitta santi n. thing made up of two or more separate things combined together

870 comprehend v. understand fully, grahinchu, imudchukonu, (Do you comprehend the meaning of this letter?, I could comprehend the ship coming over the horizon) 871 comprehensive adj. that includes everything, Broad in scope, samagra, sampoorna(A comprehensive coverage, A ~ win, A ~ education, A ~ survey) 872 compress v. ~ sth press sth together; force sth into a small(er) space

873 comprise

v. have as parts or members; be made up of

874 compromise n. giving up of certain demands by each side in a dispute, so that an agreement may be reached which satisfies both to some extent 875 compulsion 876 compulsive 877 compulsory 878 compunction 879 compute 880 concatenate 881 concave n. ~ compelling or being compelled adj. extremely interesting; fascinating adj. that must be done; required by the rules, etc; obligatory n. ~ (fml ) (usu in negative sentences ) feeling of guilt or regret for one's action v. ~ sth calculate sth with a computer to link together in a series or chain adj. curved inwards like the inner surface of a sphere or ball .

882 concede v. ~ sth admit that sth is true, valid, proper, etc, sammatinchu, (she conceded that she had taken money, the candidate conceded his defeat after the second round of counting also showed that he got less votes) 883 conceit 884 concentric 885 conception n. excessive pride in oneself or in one's powers, abilities, etc adj. ~ (of circles) having the same centre n. conceiving or being conceived

Conceive have an idea for; ankonna; (A Russian space telescope conceived during the Cold War is set to launch on Monday); Judge or regard; bhavinchu; (The racist conceives such people to be inferior); Become pregnant (she was conceived) 886 concerted adj. arranged or done in co-operation, joint activity of two or more, kalisi chesina, (concerted action, concerted effort to rise funds) Concert = kacheri, harmony of people s actions and thoughts, yekeebhavam (the two parties were in concert) 887 concession 888 conciliatory words) 889 concise 890 conclave n. get subsidiary for smth, conceding or yielding on a single point adj. intended or likely to conciliate, reciliing, mollifying, soothing, (conciliatory

adj. giving a lot of information in few words; brief n. private meeting, (Sharukh showed his 6 pack at IT conclave India today 2011)

891 conclusive adj. convincing; ending doubt/ debate, nischayatmakam ga, (~ evidence, When the stolen books turned up in John's locker, we finally had conclusive evidence of the identity of the mysterious thief) 892 concoct v. make (sth) by mixing ingredients (esp ones that do not usu go together), cook by mixing ingredients, (Ratatouille movie presents the story of a rodent with a distinct aptitude to concoct mouth watering dishes) 893 concomitant adj. ~ (fml ) accompanying; happening together, saha gaami, yeka kalika(Culture is not always a concomitant of wealth, with development there would be concomitant increase in green house gases) Concomitantly = ade samayam lo, Nazi concept is that if you tell a lie often enough, people will come to believe it. Concomitantly, a working premise for them is that a lie is as good as the truth, if you can get people to believe it 894 concord n. harmony between people; lack of quarrelling and unfriendliness, be in Accord; anu svarata, layam(Both philosophers concord on this point, both brothers could not manage to life in concord) 895 concordat 896 concur 897 concurrent n. agreement, esp between a State and the Church on church affairs v. (fml ) ~ (with sb/sth) (in sth) agree; express agreement adj. ~ existing, happening or done at the same time

898 condescend v. do sth that one regards as undignified or below one's level of importance, digajaru, ( I wont condenscend to reading other people s mail) 899 condign adj. (of punishment) fitting or appropriate and well deserved, chalinanta, tagina, (~ punishment for the crime) 900 condiments 901 condole [ condiment: ] any spice or sauce such as salt, pepper, mustard, etc., masala v. ~ with sb (fml ) express sympathy (for a misfortune, bereavement, etc) ,

902 condone v. treat or regard as if it were not serious or wrong; overlook; forgive; manninchu (She condoned her husband's occasional infidelities) 903 conducive adj. ~ to sth allowing or helping sth to happen, sahayakari, (the working conditions are not conducive to productivity) 904 conduit n. large pipe through which liquids flow

(new) confer = having right, possession, etc(Atomic generals, conferring in blackest secrecy, will dominate nations if WW3 happens); have a conference in order to talk something over; ("We conferred

about a plan of action") present or bestow honour on someone (The university conferred a degree on its most famous former student, who never graduated) 905 confidant 906 confide 907 confidence 908 confidential 909 confine 910 confiscate 911 conflagration 912 confluence 913 conformist yadha tadha vadi Mr. perfect 914 conformity 915 confound 916 congeal 917 congenial 918 congenital 919 conglomerate n. ~ (fml ) (behaviour, etc) conforming to established rules, customs, etc , v. puzzle and surprise (sb); perplex, kalata pettu v. (cause to) become thick or solid, esp by cooling adj. pleasing because of similarities in temperament, interests,etc adj. present from or before birth, janmataha n. materials gathered together into a rounded mass n. trusted person to whom one speaks about one's private affairs or secrets v. ~ sth to sb tell (a secret) to sb, rahasyam cheppu, nammkam vunchu n. ~ (in sb/sth) firm trust (in sb, in sb's ability, or in what is said, reported, etc) adj. to be kept secret; not to be made known to others v. ~ sb/sth keep (a person or an animal) in a restricted space v. take possession of by authority, without payment or compensation n. great and destructive fire, dahana kanda n. place where two rivers flow together and become one n. person who conforms to accepted behaviour, the established religion, etc,

920 conglomeration n. assortment of different things gathered together or found in the same place 921 congruence 922 congruent 923 conifer correspondence of parts; harmonious relationship adj. having the same size and shape n. type of tree that bears cones (cone 3)

924 conjecture abhiprayam, 925 conjugal 926 conjure 927 connivance

v. ~ (fml ) form (and express) an opinion not based on firm evidence; guess, ooha,

adj. of marriage or the relationship between a husband and a wife v. do clever tricks which seem magical, esp with quick movements of the hands n. ~ conniving (at a wrong action), tappuni protsahinchu, upekshinchu

928 connoisseur n. person with good judgement on matters in which appreciation of fineness or beauty is needed, esp the fine arts 929 connotation 930 connubial n. idea which a word makes one think of in addition to the main meaning adj. of marriage; of husband and wife

931 consanguineous adj. Descended from the same parent or ancestor. 932 consanguinity n. relationship by being descended from the same family

933 conscientious adj. careful to do what one ought to do, and do it as well as one can, manah sakshiki lobadina, nyaya buddhi kala 934 conscript 935 consecrate 936 consensus 937 consequential v. ~ sb force sb by law to serve in the armed forces, nirbandha sainikudu v. bring into religious use or (sb) into a religious office by a special ceremony n. ~ agreement in opinion; collective opinion adj. following as a result or an effect (esp indirect)

938 conservatory n. room with glass walls and roof used to protect plants from cold, built against an outside wall of a house, and with a door into the house . 939 consign v. ~ sb/sth to sb/sth hand over sb/sth to sb/sth; give sb/sth up to sb/sth

940 consistency 941 console 942 consolidation 943 consonance

n. (approv ) quality of being consistent(1) v. ~ sb give comfort or sympathy to (sb who is unhappy, disappointed, etc) n. consolidating or being consolidated n. harmony

944 consonant n. speech sound produced by completely or partially obstructing the air being breathed out through the mouth 945 consort 946 conspiracy 947 conspire wrong n. husband or wife, esp of a ruler, saha chari n. ~ act of conspiring, esp joint planning of a crime v. ~ (against sb); ~ (together) (against sb) make secret plans (with others), esp to do

948 consternation 949 constituency parliament 950 constituent 951 constitution 952 constraint

n. surprise and anxiety; great dismay, vibhramam, digbhranthi n. (body of voters living in a) district having its own elected representative in

adj. forming or helping to make a whole n. laws and principles according to which a state is governed n. con-straining or being constrained

(New) conspicuous Obvious to the eye or mind, spastam ga, (Ramdev baba demands to ban 500, 1000 rupee notes because they make it easy to transport large amounts of money around inconspicuously) 953 construe v. ~ sth (fml ) explain the meaning of (words, sentences, actions, etc); interpret sth, anvayinchu, bhashyam cheppu (The abscense of hymen in women cannot be construed as a sign of loss of virginity in women) 954 consummate 955 contagion 956 contaminate substances 957 contempt respected 958 contend or difficulty adj. highly skilled; perfect n. spreadingof disease by being close to or touching other people v. ~ sth/sb make sth/sb impure by adding dangerous or disease-carrying

n. ~ (for sb/sth) feeling that sb/sth is completely worthless and cannot be

v. ~ with/against sb/sth; ~ for sth struggle in order to overcome a rival, competitor

959 contention 960 contentious 961 contest 962 context 963 contiguous 964 continence 965 contingent

n. ~ contending (contend 1); competition exhibiting an often perverse and wearisome tendency to quarrels and disputes dispute writings preceding and following passage quoted adj. ~ (fml ) touching; neighbouring; near n. control of one's feelings, esp in sexual matters, nigraham adj. ~ on/upon sth dependent on sth that may or may not happen

966 contortions [ contortion: ] the act or process of contorting or the state of being contorted, vakrata (Amitab contorted his face into a focussed grimace while giving a punch)

contorted face 967 contraband 968 contravene 969 contrite n. goods brought into or taken out of a country illegally, nishidda ravana chesina v. act or be contrary to (a law, etc); break adj. filled with or showing deep regret for having done wrong; repentant

970 contrivance n. ~ device or tool, esp one made by an individual for a particular purpose, sadhanam, yukti, tantram 971 contrive 972 contrived v. plan (sth) cleverly or deceitfully; invent; design adj. planned in advance rather than being spontaneous or genuine, yukti pannu

Proplyds is contrived acronym for protoplanetary disk 973 controvert 974 contumacious 975 contusion 976 conundrum v. deny the truth of (sth); argue about, tappu ani savalu chyu adj. obstinate and disobedient n. bruise, boppi kattu n. question, usu with a pun in its answer, that is asked for fun; riddle ;

977 convene v. summon to come together; arrange (a meeting, etc); (Top 7th place to photograph on earth is at cape Churchil. The polar bears convene here in October and November to hunt seals while newborn cubs frolic in the dramatic, icy landscape

978 convention 979 conventional 980 converge a point

n. conference of members of a profession, political party, etc adj. (often derog ) based on convention(2a) v. ~ ~ (at sth) (of lines, moving objects, etc) (come towards each other and) meet at

981 conversant adj. ~ with sth; having knowledge of sth; familiar with sth; baga telisina, abhigna (conversant with business trends; He said that he is will enjoy being conversant in both the science and engineering fields) 982 converse 983 convert 984 convex 985 conveyance 986 conviction 987 convivial 988 convoke 989 convoluted 990 convulsion muscles 991 copious 992 coquette 993 cordial v. ~ (about sth); ~ (together) (fml ) talk v. ~ (sth) (from sth) (into/to sth) change (sth) from one form or use to another adj. with a curved surface like the outside of a ball n. conveying n. ~ the convicting of a person for a crime adj. cheerful and sociable; fond of being with others v. call together or summon (a meeting, etc) adj. coiled; twisted n. sudden violent uncontrollable body movement, caused by contraction of

adj. plentiful; abundant n. girl or woman who flirts adj. sincere and friendly

994 cordon n. line or ring of policemen, soldiers, etc, esp one which guards sth or prevents people entering or leaving an area 995 cornice ceiling . n. ornamental moulding, eg in plaster, round the walls of a room, just below the

996 cornucopia n. ornamental animal's horn shown in art as overflowing with flowers, fruit and corn, symbolizing abundance , 997 corollary n. ~ (fml ) natural consequence or result; thing that logically must be so, once sth else has been established 998 coroner n. official who investigates any violent or suspicious death

999 corporeal 1000 corpulent 1001 corpus 1002 corpuscle

adj. of or for the body; bodily adj. (of a person or his body) fat n. collection of written (or sometimes spoken) texts n. any of the red or white cells in the blood

1003 correlate v. ~ ~ A and/with B have a mutual relation or connection, esp of affecting or depending on each other; (try to) show such a relation or connection between sth and sth else 1004 correlation n. ~ ~ (between A and B) mutual relationship

1005 corroborate v. confirm or give support to; (The discovery of a new star in M51 by an ametuer astronomer is corroborated by a Geman ametuer the following day. By June it had been confirmed as supernova) 1006 corrode 1007 corrosive 1008 corrugated 1009 cosmic v. ~ (away) be destroyed or destroy (sth) slowly, esp by chemical action n, adj that corrodes adj. folded, wrinkled or furrowed adj. of the whole universe or cosmos

1010 coterie n. small group of people with shared activities, interests, tastes, etc, esp one that tends to be exclusive 1011 countenance n. (expression on sb's) face; (Teenage love and elopement is not accepted by the village elders who cannot countenance a marriage that does not have the sanction of the elders) 1012 countermand opposite one , 1013 counterpart 1014 coup 1015 couple together 1016 courier 1017 court 1018 covenant 1019 covert v. cancel (a command or an order already given), esp by giving a new and

n. person or thing that corresponds to or has the same function as sb or sth else n. surprising and successful action n. two people or things that are seen together or associated, esp a man and woman

n. person employed to guide and assist a group of tourists n. place where trials or other law cases are held n. formal agreement that is legally binding adj. concealed; not open; secret

1020 covetous sb else)

adj. ~ (derog ) having or showing a strong desire to possess (esp sth that belongs to

1021 cow n. fully-grown female of any animal of the ox family, esp the domestic kind kept by farmers to produce milk and beef 1022 cower X bristle 1023 coy 1024 cozen 1025 crabbed 1026 craft technique 1027 crass 1028 crave 1029 craven abbr. = company cheat; hoodwink; swindle adj. small and difficult to read n. occupation, esp one that needs skill in the use of the hands; such a skill or v. crouch down or move backwards in fear or distress

adj. (fml derog , ) complete; very great; utter v. ~ sth have a strong desire for sth adj. cowardly

1030 credence n. attach/give credence to sth (fml ); believe (gossip, reports, etc); the mental attitude that something is believable and should be accepted as true; visvasam, nammakam (he gave credence to the gossip) 1031 credential 1032 credo 1033 credulity 1034 creed 1035 creep 1036 cremate 1037 crescendo 1038 crest 1039 crestfallen 1040 crevice something that entitles a person to confidence, authority, etc. n. creed n. too great a readiness to believe things n. system of beliefs or opinions, esp religious beliefs v. move slowly, quietly or stealthily, esp crouching low v. burn to ashes, esp ceremonially at a funeral adj. adv of or with increasing loudness n. tuft of feathers on a bird's head adj. sad because of unexpected failure, disappointment, etc n. narrow opening or crack in a rock, wall, etc ,

1041 cringe 1042 crinkle 1043 criteria

v. ~ move back or lower one's body in fear; cower n. wrinkle or thin crease, esp in material such as tin foil or paper, or in skin , n. (pl of criterion) standard by which sth is judged

1044 crochet n. method of making fabric by looping thread into a pattern of connected stitches, using a hooked needle (called a crochet-hook) 1045 crone 1046 cross n. ugly withered old woman n. mark made by drawing one line across another, eg x or + +

1047 crossbreed Also: interbreed to breed (animals or plants) using parents of different races, varieties, breeds, etc. 1048 crotchety 1049 crust 1050 crux 1051 crypt 1052 cryptic adj. bad-tempered n. hard outer surface of a loaf of bread; pastry covering of a pie, tart, etc n. most vital or difficult part of a matter, an issue, etc n. room beneath the floor of a church adj. with a meaning that is hidden or not easily understood; mysterious

1053 cubicle n. small compartment made by separating off part of a larger room, eg for dressing, undressing or sleeping in 1054 cue performance 1055 cuisine 1056 culinary 1057 cull n. ~ thing said or done to signal sb's turn to say or do sth, esp in a theatrical or other

n. (style of) cooking adj. of or for cooking v. kill (a certain number of usu weaker animals) in a herd, in order to reduce its size

1058 culmination n. eventual conclusion or result; (STS134 is the culmination of 36 space shuttle missions by Endeavor to build ISS over the past 12 years) 1059 culpable 1060 culprit 1061 culvert cables ; adj. ~ deserving blame; blameworthy n. person who has done sth wrong; offender n. drain that crosses beneath a road, railway, etc; underground channel for electrical

1062 cumbersome

adj. heavy and difficult to carry, wear, etc

1063 cumulative 1064 cunning 1065 cupidity 1066 curator 1067 curb 1068 curfew 1069 curmudgeon 1070 cursive 1071 cursory 1072 curtail Islamabad) 1073 cynical

adj. gradually increasing in amount, force, etc by one addition after another adj. clever at deceiving people n. greed, esp for money or possessions n. person in charge of a museum, an art gallery, etc n. ~ thing that restrains or controls n. signal or time after which people must stay indoors until the next day n. bad-tempered person adj. with letters rounded and joined together adj. done quickly and not thoroughly; (too) hurried v. make shorter or less; reduce, (US officials are threatening to curtail aid to

adj. of or like a cynic; viraagi, niraasavadi, tappulenne tatvam

(Manmohan warned that if an atmosphere of cynicism was created all round, "I think the growth impulses but will not flourish ) 1074 cynosure attraction n. person or thing that attracts everybody's attention or admiration; centre of

Unit D: 343 1075 dabble v. ~ sth splash (hands, feet, etc) around in water; (dabbling ducks)

1076 dainty adj. (of things) small and pretty; Delicately beautiful; Excessively fastidious; N. Something considered choice to eat; sukumaryam, najookutanam 1077 dais 1078 dally 1079 damn n. raised platform, esp at one end of a room, for a speaker, etc v. ~ (over sth) waste time; (Get busy--don't dally!) v. condemn (sb) to suffer in hell

1080 dank adj. unpleasantly damp/ humid and cold; clammy; (a dank weather, dank rain forests, dank cellar) humid + cold 1081 dapper adj. (usu of a small person) neat and smart in appearance; nimble in movement; Marked by up-to-dateness in dress and manners

1082 dappled adj. having patches of different colour or shades of colour; spotted; (The dappled pattern with blue and violet colored spots on the yellow background gave the surface of the table a cheap look, and showed the lack of taste of the owner)

dappled deer 1083 dart n. small pointed missile used as a weapon or in the game of darts

1084 daub v. (masonry) coat with plaster, Apply to a surface, Cover (a surface) by smearing (a substance) over it; aluku, pulumu, addu, poota veyu (daub cealing with plaster, daub walls with paint, daub his face with oil)

Syn: besmear, smear

1085 daunt 1086 dauntless

v. discourage (sb); frighten; nirutsahaparachu, bhayam kaliginchu adj. not easily discouraged or frightened; bhayam leni, pattudalaga

1087 dawdle v. be slow; waste time; (I don t want to dawdle over this work I have many other important things to do; Get busy--don't dawdle) 1088 daze v. cause to lose vision by intense light, make (sb) confused and unable to react properly; lack of clarity; (eyes dazed by the flood lights, mother s death left him in a daze) 1089 dazzle 1090 deadlock 1091 deadpan v. blind (sb) briefly with too much light, brilliance, etc n. complete failure to reach agreement or to settle a quarrel or grievance; Deliberately impassive in manner, style, or expression; wooden;

Deadpan face= face with no expressions for any emotion; deadpan voice =serious voice expressing no feeling 1092 dearth 1093 debacle 1094 debar n. ~ shortage; scarcity; korata n. sudden and complete failure; fiasco; patanam to exclude from a place, a right, etc.; bar

1095 debase v. lower the quality, status or value of; Corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality; kalti, gunam tagginchu (Socrates was accused of debasing young men; don t debase yourself by being maudlin) Debasement of currency is the practice of lowering the value of coin by reducing the valuble metal content in it. Naanepu viluva tagginchu 1096 debauch v. Corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality; neetimalina vadiga cheyu, taagubotu ga cheyu; (debauch young people with wine and women; Jagan is indulding in political debauchery, said Anam) 1097 debilitate v. make very weak; neerasimpa cheyu(the camp debilitated him physically and love failure delibitated mentally; Spirit rover survived three cold, dark Martian winters and two rover-killing dust storms, and surmounted debilitating hardware malfunctions) 1098 debonair 1099 debris adj. cheerful and self-assured; ullasakaramina n. scattered fragments; wreckage

1100 debunk v. expose while ridiculing esp. of false claims , asatya nirupana, apohalu tolaginchu, (moon landing conspiracy theory was debunked by NASA item by item) 1101 debut n. first appearance in public as a performer; aarangratam

1102 debutante

n. young woman making her first appearance in fashionable society

1103 decadence n. (falling to a) lower level (in morals, art, literature, etc) esp after a period at a high level; digajarudutanam 1104 decant v. ~ sth pour (wine, etc) from a bottle into another container, esp slowly so that the sediment is left behind 1105 decapitate 1106 decelerate 1107 deciduous v. behead; cut the head off; siracchedana cheyu v. slow down adj. that loses its leaves annually, usu in autumn; aaku raalche (deciduous forests)

1108 decimate v. kill or destroy a large part of (sth), usually one out of ten; (We do more to decimate our population in automobile accidents than we do in war) 1109 decipher v. succeed in understanding; convert code into ordinary language; ; avagatam chesukonu; (couldnot decipher doctor s handwriting) 1110 declivity n. downward slope (X acclivity) n. the organic phenomenon of rotting; separation of substance into two or

1111 decomposition more substances 1112 decorous 1113 decorum

adj. dignified and socially acceptable n. dignified and socially acceptable behavior; ouchityam;

1114 decoy n. (real or imitation) bird or animal used to attract others so that they can be shot or trapped; A beguiler who leads someone into danger; yera, valalo vesukonu 1115 decree court teerpu n. order given by a ruler or an authority and having the force of a law, uttaruvu,

1116 decrepit adj. made weak by age or hard use; jeernavastha lo vunna, avasana stiti lo vunna; (a decrepit bus...its seats held together with friction tape) 1117 decrepitude n. state of being decrepit; deterioration due to old age or long use

1118 decry v. ~ sb/sth (as sth) speak critically of sb/sth to make him/it seem less valuable, useful, etc; disparage sb/sth (decry racism) 1119 deducible adj. that may be deduced; ooha to nischayinchadagina, nirnayaniki raagaligina(That Kennedy's murder plot involved many big people is deducible from the fact that the assassin was shot dead while being taken to court for trial)

1120 deface v. spoil the appearance or legibility of by marking or damaging the surface; viroopam cheyu, roopam chedagottu, (scars defaced her cheeks, don t deface the library book) 1121 defalcate misuse money held in trust, (The accountant defalcated thousands of dollars while working for the wealthy family) 1122 defamation 1123 defame 1124 default n. defaming or being defamed v. attack the good reputation of say bad things about (sb) n. failure to do sth, esp to pay a debt or appear in court

1125 defeatist adj. being in a mood to accept defeat; not hoping to win; (he can never succed because of his ~ attitude, he do not expect to win and even make attempt to win) 1126 defect n. fault or lack that spoils a person or thing

1127 defection n. deserting a party, cause, religion, etc; party marchadam, parti phirayinchadam, (the anti-defection law curbs MLAs jumping parties) 1128 defer v. ~ sth (to sth) delay sth until a later time; postpone sth

1129 deference n. A courteous expression; giving way to the views, wishes, etc of others, usu out of respect; respect; courteous regard for another's wish; lobadu, gouravam to voppukonu(In deference to his desires, the employers granted him a holiday) 1130 defiance n. open disobedience or resistance; refusal to give way to authority or opposition; defying; dhikkaram 1131 defile v. make (sth) dirty or impure; kalushitam cheyu, apavitram cheyu, kanumalu

Defile river with sewage kalushitam cheyu Defile the cemetery apavitram cheyu Silver is defiled due to long exposure to air 1132 definitive adj. clear and having final authority; that cannot or need not be changed (of book/ aggrement/ study); nischayatmaka, nirnayatmaka; ( Gandhi movie is the definitive portrayal of his character; any treatise on scence cannot be definitive there will always be further research) 1133 deflect v. ~ (from sth) (cause sth to) turn from its direction of movement

1134 defoliate v. make a tree or a plant bare of leaves (esp by chemicals); ( the accident in chemical factory releasing poisonous gas in the area defoliated the trees in the surroundings) 1135 defray v. provide money for (sth); pay for (sth); kharchu bharinchu; (Her employer offered to defray the costs of her postgraduate education)

1136 defrock v. = unfrock; to strip a priest or minister of church authority; (the church priest was defrocked for the violation of rules) 1137 deft adj. ~ skilful and quick, esp with the hands; dexterous; (he massaged with deft fingers)

1138 defunct adj. (of people) dead; (of smt)No longer in force or use; inactive; kriya rahita, amalulo leni; maraninchina (~ law, ~ organization, ~ Indian tribe) 1139 degenerate v. ~ (into sth) pass into a worse physical, mental or moral state than one which is considered normal or desirable; kshenata, bhrastatwam, adho gati; 1140 degradation 1141 dehydrate n. degrading or being degraded v. remove water or moisture from

1142 deify v. make a god of (sb/sth); worship as a god; (Admire the rock star all you want but just don't deify him) 1143 deign v. be kind or gracious enough (to do sth); condescend; digivacchu, (He felt that he would debase himself if he deigned to answer his critics, sharukh usally late to sets but he deigned to come earlier during om shanty om because of Farah; the boss deigned to call his subordinate for discussing the issue) 1144 delete 1145 deleterious 1146 deliberate 1147 delineate the canvas) 1148 delirium 1149 delta v. ~ sth cross out or deliberately omit (sth written or printed) adj. ~ (fml ) harmful to living things, vinasakara, vishatulya (~ chemical additives) adj. done on purpose; intentional v. show (sth) by drawing or describing; portray; chitrinchu, varninchu, (~ tree on

n. mental disturbance caused by illness, resulting in restlessness and often wild talk n. the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet

1150 delude v. ~ sb deliberately mislead sb; deceive sb; mosabuccu, bhramimpa cheyu; ( He delude himself thinking that girl is still loving him) 1151 deluge 1152 delusion 1153 delusive n. great flood or rush of water; jala pralayam n. deluding or being deluded adj. not real; misleading

1154 delve v. ~ in/into sth search or rummage in sth; dig; parisraminchu, travvu; (delve into the old books and manuscripts;)

1155 demagogue n. political leader who tries to win people's support by using emotional and often unreasonable arguments 1156 demean 1157 demeanor v. ~ oneself lower oneself in dignity; deprive oneself of others' respect behavior; bearing ; behavioral attributes; ( his dignified ~)

1158 demented adj. mad; Affected with madness or insanity (She became increasingly demented and had to be hospitalized) 1159 demerit 1160 demise 1161 demographic 1162 demolition 1163 demoniac n. fault; defect n. death related to population balance the act of demolishing; especially :destruction in war by means of explosives adj. very evil; devilish

1164 demotic adj. of or used by ordinary people; saarvajanikamina, sarva sadharanamina; N. The modern Greek vernacular (1.A poet with keen ear for demotic rhythms) 1165 demur v. ~ (at sth) (fml ) express a doubt (about sth) or an objection (to sth); delay; object; pratibandhinchu, abhyantaram cheppu, aalasyam cheyu, sankinchu(To demur at this time will only worsen the already serious situation; now is the time for action; demur the truth) 1166 demure adj. (pretending to be) quiet, serious and modest, nanganachi, nakka vinayam; (of women or girl) quiet, serious and modest; gambheeram, siggu; (When a girl is demure she behaves with decorum. She never tries to attract others' attention to her or to her body. A demure smile is a quiet smile of such a girl or a woman) Not seen examples for ve usage yet.. 1167 denigrate v. claim that (sb/sth) is inferior, worthless, etc; belittle

1168 denizen n. person or type of animal or plant living or growing permanently in a place; vaastavyudu; (Ghosts are denizens of the land of the dead who return to earth) 1169 denomination n. name, esp of a general class or type; classification

1170 denotation meaning; distinguishing by name; moolardham;( the denotation of 'satellite of Mars' is the set containing only Demos and Phobos) 'Calm' and 'tranquil' have the same meaning, that is same denotation, but they are not used precisely in the same context as they have slightly different connotations.

1171 denouement n. last part, esp of a novel, play, etc, in which everything is settled or made clear; parinamam, pariskaram 1172 denounce v. Speak out against, Accuse or condemn openly or formally; nirasinchu, tappulennu, dooshinchu; (He denounced the Nazis, denounce govt action, ) 1173 depict 1174 deplete 1175 deplore 1176 deploy 1177 deport cheyu 1178 depose v. show (sb/sth) as a picture; portray v. reduce greatly the quantity, size, power or value of v. be shocked or offended by (sth); condemn v. (cause troops, etc to) move into the correct position for battle v. ~ sb legally force (a foreigner, criminal, etc) to leave a country; desa bahiskarana

v. remove from power

1179 deposition n. The natural process of laying down a deposit of something; removing from power; dethronement; (law) a pretrial interrogation of a witness; (FBI agent Jeffrey Parsons, while deposing before the court on Monday, said Headley used his personal links to favour Rana) 1180 depravity n. state of being depraved; corruption; naitika patanam

1181 deprecate v. feel and express disapproval of (sth); belittle; (The teacher should not deprecate his student's efforts) 1182 depreciate v. become less valuable

1183 depredation n. damage caused by an attack, accident, etc; An act of plundering and pillaging and marauding; dopidi, kollagottadam, dhvamsam; 1184 deputize niyaminchu verb. to appoint as substitute or act as deput; pratinidhi ga pampu, badulu ga

1185 deranged adj. unable to act and think normally, esp because of mental illness; seriously disturbed; verrettina, chella cheduru cehyabadina, kalata pettu; (She was lured to another woman's apartment and attacked by a deranged, knife-wielding assailant; talibans threaten to derange pak after Laden attack; death of his mother deranged him) 1186 derelict adj. deserted and allowed to fall into ruins; dilapidated; upekshinchu, asradha pettu, (~ land is occupied by the land grabbers) 1187 dereliction n. being derelict

1188 deride v. treat sb/sth as funny and not worthy of serious attention; mock sb/sth; apahasyam cheyu, yegatali cheyu; (Draupadi derided at duryodhana saying that son of blind would be

blind himself; experts deride ID card scheme as costly and insecure, people deride philip s pompous language; string theory which was initially derided but eventually became the leading candidate for a unified theory of nature) 1189 derision 1190 derivation 1191 derivative 1192 dermatologist 1193 derogatory n. ridicule or mockery; Contemptuous laughter; apahaasyam cheyu n. development or origin adj. derived from sth else; not original n. expert in dermatology adj. showing a hostile or critical attitude (to sb's reputation, etc); insulting

1194 descry v. (fml ) see (sth) esp a long way away; catch sight of smt; (he descried a truck coming towards him) 1195 de-se-crate n. treat in an unworthy or evil way; Remove the consecration from a person or an object; apavitram cheyu 1196 desert n. Arid land with little or no vegetation, yedari; Leave (a cause, a country or an army), often in order to join the opposing cause, country, or army; (If soldiers deserted Hitler's army, they were shot; the students deserted the campus after the exam) 1197 desiccate v. remove all the moisture from to preserve it; Lacking vitality or spirit; lifeless; (Plants get desiccated if water is not provided for weeks) Desiccant= A substance that promotes drying (ex. CaOH calcium oxide absorbs moisture) 1198 desolate adj. deserted and miserable; dikkumalina stiti, vintari tanam, nissahaya stithi; (the desolate surface of the moon) 1199 desperado n. (dated ) man who commits dangerous, esp criminal, acts without worrying about himself or other people; dussahasi, aakatayi; 1200 desperate adj. feeling or showing great despair and ready to do anything regardless of danger; nirasato vunna, 1201 despicable adj. ~ (to do sth) deserving to be despised; contemptible; neecha, nikrustha

1202 despise v. feel contempt for sb/sth; consider sb/sth as worthless; truneekarinchu, takkuva bhavam to choodu, (We should despise poverty but not those who are poor. No person likes to be poor and to despise the poor is to disrespect the helpless, which is inhuman; I despise your attempts at a reconciliation at this time and refuse to meet you) 1203 despoil v. ~sth (fml ) rob (a place) of sth valuable; plunder sth

1204 despondent adj. ~ having or showing loss of hope; wretched; nairasyam, vishanna; (despondent over financial losses, father kills family and commits suicide)

despondent face 1205 despot A cruel and oppressive dictator ; niyanta, nirankusudu; (the last days of the despot Hitler were remained mysterious) Autocrat, despot, dictator, tyrant: Dictator is more of political word. Tyrant is more powerful version of despot; 1206 despotism being like despot, tyranny

1207 destitute adj. without money, food, etc and other things necessary for life; impoverished; Poor enough to need help from others; niru peda, abhagya 1208 desultory unmethodical 1209 detached 1210 detain 1211 determinate 1212 determination adj. going from one thing to another, without a definite plan or purpose;

adj. not influenced by others; impartial v. prevent from leaving or doing sth; delay adj. limited in range or scope; definite ; n. ~ quality of being firmly committed to doing sth; resoluteness

1213 deterrent n, adj that deters or is meant to deter; something that discourages; hindrance; nirodham, addagimpu(Does the threat of capital punishment serve as a deterrent to potential killers?) 1214 detonation 1215 detraction 1216 detrimental 1217 deviate n. explosion n. unfair criticism of sb/sth; belittling ; adj. harmful v. ~ from sth stop following

1218 devious 1219 devise 1220 devoid 1221 devolve 1222 devotee 1223 devout 1224 dexterous

adj. cunning; dishonest; v. think out (a plan, system, tool, etc); invent adj. ~ of sth without sth; completely lacking in sth v. ~ on/upon sb (of work, duties) be transferred or passed to sb n. person who is devoted to sth; enthusiast adj. sincerely religious; pious adj. skilful with one's hands

1225 diabolical adj. = diabolic; Extremely evil or cruel; expressive of cruelty or befitting hell, raakshasa, kroora (the scheme is so diabolical that I must reject it) 1226 diadem n. crown worn as a sign of royal power; kireetam, raja makutam

Empress Marie-Louise diadem given by Napoleon 1227 dialectic n. (philosophy ) art of discovering and testing truths by discussion and logical argument; taarkikam; Dialect = The usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people; yaasa 1228 dialectical 1229 diaphanous 1230 diatribe adj. of or relating to dialectic adj. light, very fine and almost transparent; palchati; (diaphanous veil on hat) n. ~ lengthy and bitter attack in words

1231 dichotomy n. ~ (fml ) separation into or between two groups or things that are opposed, entirely different, etc; dvaidee bhavam, (the dichotomy between eastern and western cultures) 1232 dictum 1233 didactic movies) n. saying; maxim adj. intended to teach; upadesatmaka, sandesatmaka, prayojanatmaka; (didactic

1234 die n. block of hard metal with a design, etc cut into it, used for shaping coins, printingtype, medals, etc or for stamping paper, leather, etc so that designs stand out from the surface 1235 diffidence 1236 diffuse 1237 diffusion 1238 dignitary lack of self confidence; shyness; aatma visvasa lopam, bidiyam v. spread all around; send out in all directions n. diffusing or being diffused n. person with a high rank or position

1239 digression A message that departs from the main subject, vishayam nunchi pakkadari pattu ( she always ~ while giving seminar) 1240 dilapidated adj. falling to pieces; in a bad state of repair; In deplorable condition; sidhilavastha lo vunna, jeernavastha lo vunna (The unoccupied house started to dilapidate) 1241 dilate v. become wider, larger or further open; speak or write comprehensively; vistarinchu, (his pupils dilated all over the world) 1242 dilatory 1243 dilemma of action adj. ~ (in doing sth) slow in acting; kala yaapana chese n. situation in which one has to choose between two undesirable things or courses

1244 dilettante n. (often derog ) person who studies or does sth, but without serious interest or understanding and pretends to have knowledge 1245 diligence 1246 dilute liquid) 1247 diminution n. ~ steady effort; careful hard work v. ~ sth make (a liquid or colour) thinner or weaker (by adding water or another

n. diminishing or being diminished; reduction

1248 din n. continuing loud confused noise; Make a resonant sound, like artillery; roda, chevulu dimmettinche gola (His deep voice dinned through the hall) 1249 dinghy n. any of various types of small open boat

1250 dingy

adj. dirty-looking; not cheerful or bright; drab

1251 dint n. = dent; Interchangeable with 'means' in the expression 'by means of'; (By dint of much hard work, the volunteers were able to control the raging forest fire) 1252 diorama a picture (or series of pictures) representing a continuous scene

diorama, depicting the search for and rescue of the pilot 1253 dire 1254 dirge adj. dreadful; terrible n. song sung at a burial or for a dead person; santapa geetam

1255 disabuse v. ~ sb of sth free sb of (false ideas); (I will attempt to diabuse you of your impression of my client's guilt; I know he is innocent; How to train your dragon is a story about a boy believing in himself and disabusing the myths and misconceptions about what dragons are) 1256 disaffected adj. discontented; disloyal; (more and more politicians are becoming disaffected because of despotic behavior of the leader; disaffected youth falling prey to sex trade in Mumbai) 1257 disapprobation n. strong disapproval, condemnation; anangeekaram (The father, a wildlife conservationist, expressed his strong disapprobation of his son's enthusiasm for bullfights.; He met with the disapprobation from his parents for inter cast marriage) 1258 disarray n. state in which people or things are no longer properly organized

1259 disavowal n. denial any connection or knowledge of ; disclaiming; sambandham ledani chppu/ vaadinchu (His disavowal of his part in the conspiracy was not believed by the jury; NASA disavows its scientist's claim of alien life) 1260 disband v. stop operating as an organization; cause to break up; dissolve(the principal disbanded the political student organization; Indo-pak wagah border ceremony to be disbanded; we need to gather support for disbandment of caste reservation; the committee disbanded after disputes; Gaddar asked to disband political telangana JAC and replace it with people JAC) 1261 disbar remove from the bar; expel from the practice of law by official action

Bar = the body of individuals qualified to practice law in a particular jurisdiction

1262 disburse v. pay out (money); expend; pampini cheyu, chellimpulu cheyu (When you disburse money on the company's behalf, be sure to get a receipt; The aid will not be disbursed until next year, so until then, the refugees will have to fend for themselves) 1263 discernible adj. that can just be discerned

1264 discerning adj. showing careful judgement, spastam ga grahincha gala, vivechincha gala(Spirit rover had a secret weapon to discern interesting dust-covered rocks from ordinary ones on Mars) 1265 disclaim v. say that one does not have (sth); renounce; sambandham vadulukonu (Doctor disclaims any responsibility for patients death and takes written statement from kin) 1266 disclose v. ~ sth (to sb) allow sth to be seen

1267 discombobulated [ discombobulate: ] (informal) (chiefly U.S. and Canadian) to throw into confusion 1268 discomfit v. confuse or embarrass (sb); Cause to lose one's composure; embarrass; currently most often used to indicate mental, rather than physical, states, specifically in the sense of one s being perplexed or embarrassed Disconcert = indicating perplexity or disturbed composure, is still occasionally used as a verb but currently is used much more frequently as an adjective, eg, I find all this very disconcerting. 1269 discompose 1270 disconcert v. make (sb) feel uneasy or uncomfortable v. cause to feel confused, upset or embarrassed

1271 disconsolate adj. unhappy, esp at the loss of sb/sth; refusing to be comforted; (The death of his wife left him disconsolate) 1272 discord 1273 discordant 1274 discount 1275 discourse 1276 discredit 1277 discrepancy 1278 discrete 1279 discretion n. disagreement; quarrelling adj. not in agreement; conflicting (She tried to unite the discordant factions) n. amount of money taken off the cost of sth n. lengthy and serious treatment of a subject in speech or writing v. damage the good reputation of n. ~ difference; failure to agree adj. separate; distinct n. quality of being discreet; good judgement

1280 discriminate(v + adj) v. ~ A from B - see or make a difference (between two things); bhedha bhavam choopu, pakshapatam to vyavaharinchu 1281 discriminating (adj only) adj. showing good judgement and perception; vivechana, vivechana 1282 discrimination (n only) n. Unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice ; The cognitive process whereby two or more stimuli are distinguished; pakshapatam, vichakshana 1283 discursive 1284 disdain 1285 disembark adj. wandering from one point to another n. feeling that sb/sth is not good enough to deserve one's respect; contempt v. ~ (from sth) (of people) leave a ship or an aircraft

1286 disenfranchise v. = disfranchise; Deprive of voting rights; votu hakku raddu cheyadam; (The imposition if the poll tax effectively disenfranchised poor Southern blacks, who lost their right to vote) 1287 disengage 1288 disfigure 1289 disgorge v. ~ sth/sb (fml ) free or disconnect sth/sb from sth/sb that holds it/him firmly v. spoil the appearance of v. ~ sth throw out (food, etc) from the stomach or throat; vomit sth

1290 disgruntle to make ill-humored or discontented usually used as a participial adjective; nirasa padu, asantrupti ki lonagu (On feb 28, 2000, A disgruntled sewage plant employee uses stolen radio equipment to issue commands that release more than 757,000 liters of raw sewage into parks and rivers in Queensland, Australia. This is just a sample of imminent threat to cyber security) 1291 dishearten 1292 disheveled 1293 dishonor v. cause to lose hope or confidence extreamly disordary [ dishonour: ] to treat with disrespect

1294 disinclination n. ~ (fml ) inclined to feel dislike; unwillingness; reluctance; virakti, upeksha X predilection = A strong liking 1295 disingenuous does adj. insincere, esp in pretending that one knows less about sth than one really

1296 disinter v. (fml ) dig up (sth buried); tavvi bayataku teyu, The body of paritala is disinterd for autopsy, ~ the facts 1297 disinterested 1298 disjointed other and develop adj. not influenced by personal feelings or interests; unbiased adj. in which it is difficult to understand how the ideas, events, etc follow each

1299 disjunction Also called: dis'juncture the act of disconnecting or the state of being disconnected; separation 1300 dislodge 1301 dismantle v. ~ sb/sth move or force sb/sth from a previously fixed position v. take to pieces

1302 dismember v. cut or tear off the limbs of; mukkalu cheyu, vibhajinchu (tiger dismembered the tourist, the department was dismembered when funding was dried up) 1303 dismiss 1304 disparage v. ~ sb remove sb (esp an employee) from a position v. suggest, esp unfairly, that is of little value or importance

1305 disparate adj. so different in kind or degree that they cannot be compared; fundamentally different, (IITs trying to end disparate salaries on campus selections and bring parity in ccompensation packages) Desperate = marked by dispair 1306 disparity 1307 dispassionate 1308 dispatch 1309 dispel 1310 dispense 1311 disperse 1312 dispirited 1313 disport n. difference or inequality adj. not influenced by emotion; impartial v. ~ sb/sth send sb/sth off to a destination or for a special purpose v. drive (sth) away; cause to vanish v. ~ sth give sth out; distribute sth v. go in different directions; scatter; break up adj. Marked by low spirits; showing no enthusiasm v. amuse oneself energetically; aataladu n. ~ (instance of) being out of proportion adj. fond of arguing; inclined to argue ; Feelings of anxiety that make you tense and irritable; kalavara parachu n. long elaborate spoken or written report or account n. dissecting or being dissected

1314 disproportion 1315 disputatious 1316 disquietude 1317 disquisition 1318 dissection

1319 dissemble v. hide or disguise (one's true thoughts and feelings); Behave unnaturally or affectedly ; dissimulate; daachu, maruvesham kattu; (she dissembled her feelings)

1320 disseminate 1321 dissension vibhedam 1322 dissent abhiprayam; 1323 dissertation degree; thesis 1324 dissident asammatudu;

v. spread widely n. Disagreement among those expected to cooperate; abhipraya bhedam,

n. holding opinions which differ from common or officially held ones; bhinna

n. ~ long essay on a particular subject, esp one written for a doctorate or similar

n. person who strongly disagrees with or opposes official views and policies;

Dissidence = asammati 1325 dissimulate 1326 dissipate 1327 dissolution 1328 dissonance v. hide or disguise (one's thoughts and feelings); dissemble v. scatter or vanish n. ~ breaking up (of sth); dissolving n. discord, Disagreeable sounds

1329 dissuade v. Turn away from or stop by persuasion. (Negative campaigning will only dissuade people from voting the opposition) 1330 distant 1331 distend adj. far away in space or time v. (cause sth to) swell by means of pressure from inside; ubbu;

unusually distended stomach 1332 distill undergo distillation; of liquids

1333 distinct 1334 distinction 1335 distinctive 1336 distort 1337 distortion 1338 distract 1339 distrait 1340 distraught 1341 diurnal X nocturnal 1342 diva 1343 diverge apart 1344 divergent 1345 diverse 1346 diversion 1347 diversity

adj. easily heard, seen, felt or understood; definite n. ~ difference or contrast between one person or thing and another adj. ~ that distinguishes sth by making it different from others v. pull or twist out of its usual shape n. distorting or being distorted v. ~ sb stop sb concentrating on sth adj. absent-minded; not paying attention ; adj. very troubled in mind with grief or worry adj. of the daytime; not nocturnal

operatic singer; prima donna v. ~ (of lines, roads, etc) separate and go in different directions, becoming further

adj. divergent paths, opinions adj. of different kinds; varied n. action of turning sth aside or changing its direction n. state of being varied; variety

1348 divest v. Take away possessions, function, power or title; pettubadula upasamharana (The company decided to divest in real estate) 1349 divine 1350 divulge 1351 docile adj. of, from or like God or a god v. ~ sth make known (sth secret) adj. easy to control; sulabha

1352 docket n. document or label listing goods delivered, jobs done, contents of a package, etc; vishaya soochi, vivarala pattika 1353 doctrinaire 1354 doctrine 1355 document adj. rigidly applying a theory with no concern for practical problems n. set of beliefs held by a church, political party, group of scientists, etc n. paper, form, book, etc giving information about sth, evidence or proof of sth

1356 doddering 1357 doff

adj. weak and uncertain in movement(mentally or physically); Walk unsteadily v. take off (one's hat)

1358 dogged adj. determined; not giving up easily; (Rohit Sharma pulled the team out of a hole in the chase with a match-winning unbeaten 86, with dogged support from the tail; The policeman dogged the mugger down the alley; Bad luck continued to dog the Japanese Hayabusa probe) 1359 doggerel 1360 dogmatic 1361 doldrums wind 1362 dolorous 1363 dolt 1364 domicile taxation, etc , 1365 dominant 1366 dominate n. verse that produces a clumsy and ridiculous effect adj. of or based on dogma n. the doldrums parts of the ocean near the equator where there is little or no

adj. sorrowful n. stupid person n. a person's place of residence, esp as officially established for purposes of

adj. ~ most important or prominent; dominating v. have control of or a very strong influence on (people, events, etc)

1367 domineer v. ~ (derog ) try to make sb do exactly what one wants by ordering him about, regardless of what he wants to do 1368 don 1369 doom 1370 dormant 1371 dormer 1372 dorsal 1373 dossier 1374 dotage 1375 dote 1376 dour n. teacher at a university, esp at an Oxford or a Cambridge college n. death or ruin; any terrible and inevitable fate adj. temporarily inactive n. upright window built in a sloping roof adj. of or on the back of an animal or a plant n. set of documents containing information about a person, an event, etc; file , n. in one's dotage confused in one's mind because of old age v. ~ on sb/sth show (too) much fondness for sb/sth adj. stern; severe; gloomy-looking; joyless

1377 douse v. ~ sb/sth put sb/sth into (water); throw (water) over sb/sth; challarchu, aarpu(douse the fire)

1378 dowdy 1379 downcast 1380 dowry 1381 dowse 1382 doze 1383 drab 1384 draconian 1385 draft 1386 drama 1387 drastic 1388 draught 1389 draw tournament, etc 1390 dregs 1391 dribble 1392 drip 1393 drivel 1394 droll 1395 drone 1396 droop 1397 dross 1398 drudge 1399 drudgery 1400 dubious 1401 ductile

adj. (derog ) (of clothes, etc) dull; unfashionable; drab , adj. looking downwards n. property or money brought by a bride to her husband = douse v. sleep lightly adj. dull; uninteresting adj. very harsh n. rough preliminary written version of sth n. play for the theatre, radio or TV adj. having a strong or violent effect n. current of air in a room or some other enclosed space n. (usu sing ) ~ (for sth) act of picking at random tickets in a lottery, matches in a

n. solid particles that sink to the bottom of certain liquids, esp wine and beer v. allow saliva to run from the mouth v. fall in drops n. silly nonsense adj. amusing in an odd or a quaint way n. male honey-bee v. bend or hang downwards through tiredness or weakness n. scum of waste matter on melted metals n. person who has to do long hard boring jobs n. hard boring work adj. ~ not certain and slightly suspicious about sth; doubtful adj. that can be pressed, beaten or pulled into fine strands without being heated ,

1402 ductility sheets 1403 dulcet 1404 dull

the malleability of something that can be drawing into wires or hammered into thin

adj. sounding sweet; pleasing to the ear adj. not bright or clear v. make speechless with surprise; astonish n. model of the human figure, used for displaying or fitting clothes, etc v. ~ sb deceive or trick sb (into doing sth) n. deliberate deception n. time during which sth lasts or continues n. threats or force used to make sb do sth; compulsion adj. showing respect and obedience; fulfilling all one's obligations

1405 dumbfound 1406 dummy 1407 dupe 1408 duplicity 1409 duration 1410 duress 1411 dutiful

1412 dwindle v. ~ (to nothing) become gradually less or smaller, U.S. reserves of plutonium fuel are dwindling for nuclear-powered spacecraft, and nearly all of what's left is already spoken for by future missions 1413 dynamic 1414 dynamo . 1415 dysprefix : ] prefix : ] diseased, abnormal, or faulty 1416 dysentery mucus and blood 1417 dyslexia brain condition 1418 dyspeptic n. inflammation of the bowels, causing severe diarrhoea, usu with a discharge of adj. of power or forces that produce movement n. device for converting steam-power, water-power, etc into electricity; generator

[ dys-

n. (also word-blindness) abnormal difficulty in reading and spelling, caused by a

adj. n person suffering from dyspepsia or the irritability that it causes

Unit E: 269

1419 earmark v. assign or set aside sb/sth (to or for a special purpose); ketayinchu, pratyekinchu; N. Special marking on animal ear; (I will earmark this money for your research) 1420 earn 1421 earthly 1422 earthy v. get (money) by working adj. of this world; not spiritual adj. of or like earth or soil

(new) eavesdropper n. A secret listener to private conversations (terrorists turn to skype frustrate eavesdroppers) 1423 ebb v. ~ (of the tide) go out; recede; samudrapu paatu; (surge tide and ebb tide)

Ebb tide receding tide 1424 ebullient 1425 eccentric 1426 eccentricity 1427 ecclesiastic adj. full of energy and excitement; exuberant ; adj. unusual; peculiar; not conventional or normal n. quality of being eccentric; strangeness of behaviour, etc n. clergyman in religious orders; adj. Of or associated with a church;

1428 eclectic adj. (of people, beliefs, etc) not restricted to one source of ideas, etc, but choosing from or using a wide range (Athadu movie ia a beautiful collage of eclectic influences) Eclectism - it is the process of compiling a text from multiple sources. This is in contrast to the notion of editing from a "proof text," in which one follows a chosen text unless there is an overwhelming reason to do otherwise. 1429 eclipse it) n. blocking of the light of the sun or of the moon (when the earth's shadow falls on

1430 ecliptic (Astronomy) a the great circle on the celestial sphere representing the apparent annual path of the sun relative to the stars.

1431 economy

n. avoidance of waste (of money, strength, time, resources, etc)

1432 ecosystem n. ecological unit consisting of a group of plants and living creatures interacting with each other and with their surroundings 1433 ecstasy 1434 eddy n. great joy or happiness n. circular or spiral movement of water, air, fog, dust, etc

1435 edict n. order or proclamation issued by an authority; prabhutva uttaruvu/prakatana (edicts of ashoka) 1436 edifice n. large or imposing building, kattadam

1437 edify v. (fml or joc ) improve the mind or character of (sb); make understand (Can you edify me--I don't understand this proposal) 1438 eerie adj. causing a feeling of mystery and fear; (an uncomfortable and eerie stillness in the woods; In that eerie setting, it was easy to believe in ghosts and other supernatural beings) 1439 efface 1440 effective 1441 effectual 1442 effectuate 1443 effeminate v. rub or wipe (sth) out; cause to fade; adj. having an effect; producing the intended result adj. (not used of people) producing the intended result; capable of producing to cause to happen; effect; accomplish; produce adj. (of a man or his behaviour) like a woman; unmanly; aadangi

1444 effervescence (n.) liveliness; spirit; enthusiasm; bubbliness; busabusa mani ponge lakshanam (Nothing depressed her for long; her natural effervescence soon reasserted itself; ~ beer) adj. weak, having lost power, Lacking in power or forcefulness, no longer capable of 1445 effete producing children; bala heena(The literature of the age reflected the effete condition of the writers; no new ideas were forthcoming) 1446 efficacy 1447 effigy 1448 effluvium 1449 effrontery n. state or quality of being efficacious n. carved figure or model representing a person or animal; disti bomma noxious smell n. boldness or rudeness without shame; impertinence; dussahasam

1450 effulgent radiant splendor, beaming, refulgent, Radiating or as if radiating light; prakasavantamina, dedeepyamanam aina( effulgent daffodils; effulgent illumination arranged for opening ceremony of the games) 1451 effusion n. pouring out, esp of liquid; an unrestrained expr of emotion; flow under pressure; kummarinchu, nissaranam, Left knee effusion - is fancy terminology for swelling in the left knee 1452 effusive adj. showing (too much) feeling; too emotional (an effusive delight)

1453 ego n. individual's perception or experience of himself, esp in relation to other people or to the outside world; part of the mind that can think, feel and act; aham 1454 egoism oneself 1455 egotism ahamkaram 1456 egotistical n. state of mind in which one is always thinking about oneself and what is best for

n. practice of talking too often or too much about oneself; selfishness; aatma stuthi,

[ egotist: ] a conceited boastful person

1457 egregious adj. (usu of sb/sth bad ) exceptional; outstanding; daarunamina, cheddadina, outrageously bad (~ lie, ~ discrimination against blacks) 1458 egress n. (astronomy) the reappearance of a celestial body after an eclipse, The becoming visible, The act of coming (or going) out; becoming apparent (Shuttle landed safely, and the astronauts are beginning to egress the shuttle orbiter) X ingress 1459 ejaculation n. sudden discharge or ejection of fluid, esp semen, from the body

1460 elaborate 1461 elaboration 1462 elastic

adj. very detailed and complicated; carefully prepared and finished addition of details; intricacy adj. returning to its normal or previous size or shape after being pulled or pressed

1463 elated adj. overjoyed; in high spirits; very happy or proud; aananda paravasam, uppongu(Grinning from ear to ear, Bonnie Blair was clearly elated by her Olympic victory) 1464 elegy geetam 1465 elevation n. poem or song expressing sorrow, esp for the dead; lament; vishada/ santapa

n. elevating or being elevated

1466 elicit v. ~ sth (fml ) draw (facts, a response, etc) from sb, sometimes with difficulty, raabattu, cheppinchu( ~ pity, ~ data from locals ;The rover team has also sent commands to elicit a
response from the Martian rover that struck in sand and went into hibernation due to winter; the director succeded to elicit the actors flair for comedy that previous directors have failed)

1467 elixir n. imaginary substance with which medieval scientists hoped to change metals into gold or make people live forever 1468 ellipsis n. (grammar) (instance of) leaving out a word or words from (the grammatical structure of) a sentence when the meaning can be understood without it/them 1469 elliptical 1470 elope 1471 eloquence adj. containing ellipsis v. ~ run away with a lover, esp to get married n. expressive language, esp to impress or persuade an audience, vagdhati

Fluency eloquence grandiloquence 1472 elucidate v. make (sth) clear; explain

1473 elusive adj. tending to escape or disappear; difficult to capture; antu chikkani, pattu dorakani(Elusive Explanations for an E. Coli Outbreak, Photographing polar bears anywhere other than a zoo can prove an elusive task) 1474 elysian 1475 Elysium 1476 emaciated 1477 emanate emanates smoke) adj. the Elysian fields; swarga tulyamina, divyamina(an elysian meal) n. (in Greek myths) home of the blessed after death; swarga lokam adj. made thin and weak, chikkipovu, sushkinchu,(the treatment ~d him) v. ~ from sth/sb come or flow from sth/sb; edhbhavinchu, puttu,(the chimney

1478 emancipate v. set sb free, esp from political, legal or social restrictions; Give equal rights to; of women and minorities; uddharinchu, daasya vimuktulanu cheyu (Lincoln is known as the Great Emancipator who freed many lifes from bondage and slavary) 1479 emasculate 1480 embargo nishedha aagna v. remove the sexual organs of (a male animal); castrate ; n. (on sth) official order that forbids sth, esp trade, the movement of ships etc;

Examples of List of countries under embargo

y y

y y y y y y y y

China (by EU and US), arms embargo, enacted in response to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 Iran (by US and US international allies), notably bar nuclear, missile and many military exports to Iran and target investments in oil, gas and petrochemicals, exports of refined petroleum products, as well as the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, banks, insurance, financial transactions and shipping. enacted 1979, increased through the following years and reached its tightest point in 2010 North Korea (by UN, USA, EU), luxury goods (and arms), enacted 2006 Pakistan (by UK), nuclear exports restriction, enacted 2002 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, (by UN), consumer goods, enacted 1975 Cuba (by US), arms, consumer goods, money, enacted 1960 Georgia (by Russia), agricultural products, wine, mineral water, enacted 2006 Philippines (by Hong Kong), consumer goods, enacted 2010 Libya (by United Nations), weapons, enacted 2011 after mass killings of Libyan protesters/rebels. Japan, animal shipments due to lack of infrastructure and radiation issue after the 2011 9.0 earthquake aftermath.

Former embargoes
y y y

India (by UK), nuclear exports restriction, 2002 2008 North Vietnam (1964 1975) and later Vietnam (1975 1994), trade embargo by the US Republic of Macedonia (by Greece), complete trade embargo (1994-1995)

1481 embark 1482 embed 1483 embellish

v. ~ (cause sb/sth to) go or be taken on board a ship or an aircraft to enclose closely in or as if in a matrix v. ~ sth make sth beautiful by adding ornaments, etc

1484 embezzlement n. The fraudulent appropriation(=sontaniki vaadu) of funds or property entrusted(=appaginchina) to your care but actually owned by someone else; dhana durviniyogam, dhana apaharanam(The accountant embezzled thousands of dollars while working for the wealthy family)

1485 embitter

v. fill with bitter feelings

1486 emblazon v. decorate with heraldic or other devices; raja chihnam to alankarinchu (The aircraft emblazoned with silhouette of phoenix bird, He used lether belt emblazoned with lion symbol) 1487 embody 1488 emboss v. ~ sth (in sth) (fml ) express or give visible form to (ideas, feelings, etc); make raised design on a piece of paper, leather or metal; rise in relief

embossed coin 1489 embrace affection:HUG 1490 embroider close encircling with the arms and pressure to the bosom especially as a sign of

v. ~ A ~ B (with A) decorate (cloth) with needlework

1491 embroil throw into confusion; involve in strife; entangle; chikkullo/sandigdham lo pada veyu, vivadam lo tala doorchu (They were embroiled up by the events) 1492 embryonic governing) 1493 emend Amend Vs Emend: Emend = "To improve by critical editing: emend a faulty text" Amend = 1 To change for the better; improve: amended the earlier proposal so as to make it more comprehensive. 2 To remove the faults or errors in; correct. See Synonyms at correct. 3 To alter (a legislative measure, for example) formally by adding, deleting, or rephrasing. 4 To enrich (soil), especially by mixing in organic matter or sand. The difference exists in the use of the uses of the two words. To emend means to improve a text whether as amend may also mean to enrich something as in the case of enriching a soil. Overall the two words have similar uses. They both are used when it comes to improving a text. However amend may be used as in enriching something as in enriching soil. 1494 emendation n. action of emending adj. in an early stage of development (an embryonic nation, not yet self-

v. remove errors from

1495 emetic 1496 eminent

n. A medicine that induces nausea and vomiting, adj. causing vomiting; adj. famous and distinguished

1497 emissary n. person sent to deliver a message or to conduct negotiations; doota, pratinidhi (India gets angry after the pat-down of an emissary at the American airport; pope s emissary to visit Mumbai) 1498 emollient moisturizers 1499 emolument aadayam n, adj that soothes and softens the skin; Emollients, also commonly referred to as

n. (fml or rhet ) profit made from being employed; fee or salary; raabadi,

1500 empathy n. ability to imagine and share another person's feelings, experience, etc; saha anubhooti (What made Ann such a fine counselor was her empathy, her ability to put herself in her client's place and feel his emotions as if they were her own) 1501 empirical adj. based on observation or experiment, not on theory

1502 emulate v. ~ sb (fml ) try to do as well as or better than sb; anukarinchu, anusarinchu (As long as our political leaders emulate the virtues of the great leaders of this country, we shall flourish) TIP: pref. en- & em- : [1] put into or on (engulf, enmesh) [2] bring into the condition of (enlighten, embitter) [3] Intensify (entangle, enrage) 1503 enact1 v. Order by virtue of superior authority; decree ;perform (a part, play, etc) on, or as if on, the stage of a theatre; chattam cheyu, saasanam cheyu, natinchu; (the legislature enacted this law in 1998) 1504 enamored3 1505 encipher2 1506 encircle2 (adj.) filled with love and desire convert ordinary language into code v. form a circle round; surround

1507 enclave n. An enclosed territory that is culturally distinct from the foreign territory that surrounds it; videsam lo vunna svadesha bhagam 1508 encomiastic 1509 encomium prasamsa Adj. en"comi'astical; Formally expressing praise, prasamsinchu n. (fml ) very high praise in speech or writing; formal expression of praise,

1510 encompass v. Include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territory (This group encompasses a wide range of people from different backgrounds)

1511 encroachment n. ~ (fml ) action of encroaching; Any entry into an area not previously occupied; Entry to another's property without right or permission; akrama pravesam, aakramana, kabja (In this game the player must shoot from a location behind the line, an encroachment will count as a foul) 1512 encumber take short trips) burden; (Some people encumber themselves with too much luggage, when they

1513 endear v. ~ sb/oneself to sb make sb/oneself loved or liked by sb; priyamagu, (this behavior endeared her to me) 1514 endearment n. word or expression of affection

1515 endemic n, adj that is regularly found in a particular country or area, or among a particular group of people; yeka pradesa, sthala visistha gala (food shortages and starvation are endemic in certain parts of the world, endemic malaria) 1516 endorse v. write one's name on the back of

1517 endue v. ~ sb with sth provide or supply sb with a good quality, ability etc (He was endued with a lion's courage) 1518 enduring adj. continuing in existence; Unceasing; Patiently bearing continual wrongs or trouble; sahinchu, bharinchu, chalakalam ga vudu; 1519 energize 1520 enervate government) 1521 enfranchise 1522 engage 1523 engaged 1524 engaging 1525 engender 1526 engross invigorate; make forceful and active v. cause to lose strength or energy; (these things will enervate the state and local

v. give (sb) political rights, esp the right to vote at parliamentary elections v. ~ sb (fml ) arrange to employ sb; hire sb adj. busy; occupied adj. likely to attract or occupy the attention; charming v. be the cause of (a situation or condition) intentionally, kaaranamagu v. occupy all the time or attention of (sb)

1527 engulf v. (of the sea, flames, etc) surround (sth) or cause (sth) to disappear; envelop (tsunami engulfs coast, bright light engulfed his face completely, the fire threatens to engulf chinese sacred mountain, Taliban could engulf pak military) 1528 enhance v. increase make (sb/sth) look better

1529 enigma 1530 enigmatic

n. question, person, thing, circumstance, etc that is difficult to understand; mystery adj. difficult to understand; mysterious

1531 enjoin v. ~ sth (fml or law ) impose (an action or prohibition) on sb; order; aadesinchu, niyamincu; (she enjoined him to do shopping) 1532 enlist 1533 enliven imagination) 1534 enmity 1535 ennui of boredom; v. enter or cause (sb) to enter the armed forces; Hire for work or assistance v. make more lively or cheerful; heighten or intensify (These paintings enliven the

n. condition or feeling of being an enemy; hostility n. weariness of mind caused by lack of anything interesting or exciting to do; feeling

1536 enormity n. great wickedness; great importance, scope or context; amitatvam (universities recognized the enormity of their task) 1537 enrapture v. fill (sb) with great delight or joy; paramaanamdam kalginchu; (The audience was enraptured by the freshness of the voices and the excellent orchestration) 1538 ensconce v. ~ oneself/sb in sth establish or settle oneself in a safe, secret, comfortable, etc place (ensconced to the chair, The parents thought that their children were ensconced safely in the private school and decided to leave for Europe) 1539 ensue v. ~ happen afterwards or as a result; follow; (The evils that ensued were the direct result of the miscalculations of the leaders; Strauss is out, A thin edge ensues, and Dravid has to dive low to his left, and takes it clean as a whistle) 1540 entail 1541 enterprise 1542 enterprising 1543 enthrall v. make necessary; involve n. project or undertaking, esp one that is difficult or needs courage adj. having or showing enterprise(2) capture; make slave

1544 entice v. ~ sb (from sth); ~ sb (into sth/doing sth) try to tempt or persuade sb, usu by offering sth pleasant or a reward 1545 entity 1546 entomology 1547 entourage n. thing with distinct and real existence n. scientific study of insects n. all those who accompany and attend an important person; retinue; parivaram

1548 entrance 1549 entreat 1550 entree

n. ~ opening, gate, door, passage, etc by which one enters sth v. ~ sb (fml ) ask sb (for sth) earnestly and feelingly; beg n. ~ (into sth) right or privilege of admission or entry n. person who starts or organizes a commercial enterprise, esp one involving

1551 entrepreneur financial risk 1552 enumerate 1553 enunciate 1554 environ 1555 eon 1556 epaulet

v. name one by one; count v. say or pronounce clearly enclose; surround; (the forest environs my house) n. an indefinitely long period of time (Oh! That happened eons ago) an ornamental cloth pad worn on the shoulder

1557 ephemeral adj. living, lasting, etc for a very short time; alpa aayusshu gala, asaasvita, kshna bhangura, (It is the essence of memory, ephemeral as sleep, unsettled as sleep; ephemeral joys of life) 1558 epic 1559 epicure drink 1560 epicurean 1561 epigram chaturokti, n. long poem about the deeds of one or more great heroes, or a nation's past history n. person who takes a special interest in and gets great pleasure from food and

n, adj fond of pleasure and luxury n. short poem or saying expressing an idea in a clever and amusing way; sookti,

1562 epilogue n. part or section added at the end of a book, play, film, programme, etc, as a comment on the main action (epilogue messages of vishwanath movies are very moving) 1563 episodic adj. occurring irregularly; sporadic

1564 epistemologist a person expert in epistemology(=The philosophical theory of knowledge) 1565 epitaph n. words written or said about a dead person, esp words inscribed on a tombstone

1566 epithet n. adjective or descriptive phrase that refers to the character or most important quality of sb/sth Eg Alfred the Great, Attila the Hun, 1567 epitome n. thing that shows on a small scale all the characteristics of sth much larger; perfect example or embodiment, saaramsam, udaharana, (he is an epitome of good breeding) 1568 epoch n. period of time in history, life, the history of the earth, etc, esp one marked by notable events or characteristics (The glacial epoch lasted for thousands of years) 1569 equable adj. free from extremes of heat or cold; moderate; steady, regular, not varying, not easily irritable (an equable climate, an equable temper) 1570 equanimity n. calmness of mind or temper

1571 equestrian adj. A man skilled in equitation(= horse-riding), (The ground has paths reserved for equestrians and their steeds) 1572 equilibrium 1573 equine n. state of being balanced adj. of or like a horse or horses, asva sambandhita (equuleus constellation)

1574 equinox n. either of the two times in the year (around march 21, sptember 22) where duration of day equals duration of night as the equatorial axis of earth aligns with sun s axis. Visha vattu 1575 equipoise n. balanced state, esp of the mind; equilibrium;

1576 equitable adj. fair and just; reasonable (an equitable distribution of gifts among the children, equitable treatment of all citizens) 1577 equity n. fairness; right judgement (the judge recognized the equity of my claim)

1578 equivocal adj. having a double or doubtful meaning; ambiguous (TDP took equivocal stand on Telangana whilst PRP stood by united andhra) 1579 equivocate 1580 erode 1581 erotic 1582 errant 1583 erratic 1584 erroneous 1585 erudite 1586 escapade 1587 eschew v. speak in an ambiguous way to hide the truth or mislead people v. destroy or wear (sth) away gradually adj. of or arousing sexual desire adj. doing wrong; misbehaving adj. irregular or uneven in movement, quality or behaviour; unreliable adj. incorrect; mistaken adj. having or showing great learning; scholarly n. daring, mischievous or adventurous act; prank v. keep away from (sth); abstain from; avoid

1588 esoteric adj. likely to be understood by only those with a special knowledge or interest; mysterious; obscure 1589 espionage 1590 espouse n. practice of spying or using spies to obtain secret information v. give one's support to (a cause, theory, etc)

1591 esteem v. (not used in the continuous tenses ) have a high opinion of (sb/sth); respect greatly; gouravam, pratistha 1592 estimable adj. worthy of great respect; May be computed or estimated (He amassed inestimable assets) 1593 estranged to separate and live apart from (one's spouse) (Estranged couple salman and katrina will be together again in a movie) 1594 ethereal adj. characterized by unearthly delicacy and lightness; seeming too spiritual or fairy-like for this world; sukumara mina, devata/khagola sambandhamina (Visitors were impressed by her ethereal beauty, her delicate charm) Note: dainty for things, ethereal persons also (not sure about this but a use as mnemonic) 1595 ethnic adj. related to races that has a common cultural tradition; nirdistha jatiki sambandhinchina (Intolerance between ethnic groups is deplorable and usually is based on lack of information)

1596 ethnology another, etc

n. science of the different human races, their characteristics, relations to one

1597 ethos n. characteristic spirit, moral values, ideas or beliefs of a group, community or culture; kulam/ vargam/ jaati/ paddati/ lakshanam/viluvalu 1598 etymology 1599 eugenic n. study of the origin and history of words and their meanings pertaining to the improvement of race

Eugenics = The study of methods of improving genetic qualities by selective breeding (especially as applied to human mating) 1600 eulogistic adj. full of high praise; prasamsalato munchettettu ga;

1601 eulogy n. (speech or piece of writing containing) high praise of a person or thing; (Eenadu, which criticized YSR most of the time, has published an eulogy after his demise, how does one can become suddenly good by death?) 1602 euphemism direct ones 1603 euphony 1604 euphoria n. use of pleasant, mild or indirect words or phrases in place of more accurate or

n. pleasantness of sound, esp in words n. intense feeling of happiness and pleasant excitement

1605 euthanasia n. gentle and painless death for a person suffering from a painful incurable disease, extreme old age, etc 1606 evanescent adj. quickly fading; soon disappearing from memory; kshanika mina, assasvata mina ( evanescent beauty) 1607 evasive adj. having the aim or intention of avoiding capture, of not giving a direct answer, etc; doraka kunda tappinchukune, sandhigda (pilots are taught to take evasive action during enemy fire; "his answers were brief, constrained and evasive) 1608 evenhanded 1609 eventual 1610 evince disappointment) without partiality adj. happening at last as a result; ultimate v. show clearly that one has (a feeling, quality, etc); exhibit; (she evinced her

1611 evocative adj. that evokes or is able to evoke memories, feelings, etc (of sth) (Telugu is expressive and evocative language) 1612 evoke v. bring to mind (a feeling, memory, etc); summon up

1613 ewe

n. female sheep

1614 exacerbate v. make (pain, disease, a situation) worse; aggravate (some drugs such as rosiglitazone used as antidiabetic exacerbate heart failure and the condition is called drug induced heart failure; jet incrusion in Indian territory exacerbate Indo-pak border tensions) 1615 exact 1616 exacting job, ~ instructor) adj. correct in every detail; precise adj. Requiring precise accuracy, making great demands; requiring great effort (an ~

1617 exalt v. make (sb) higher in rank or greater in power; Fill with sublime emotion; unnata sthanam lo vunchu, pogadu, peddadi cheyu (we will protect and exalt the name of Islam; the revolutions in the Middle East seek to exalt freedom and democracy, not a tyrannical one-world government; china exalt over its 3rd navigation satellite success) 1618 exasperate 1619 except v. irritate or annoy greatly prep ~ ~ (that...) not including (sb/sth); but not

1620 exceptionable adj. Liable to objection or debate; used of something one might take exception to; asaamanyamina, minahaayimpa dagina (exceptionable piece of writing) 1621 excerpt n. ~ passage, extract, from a book, film, piece of music, etc; sangraham, saaramsam (The news paper published excerpts of Shane Warne s lewd SMS sent to a nurse, GRE RC contains excerpts from a book or speech which will test he analytical reading abilities of candidate) 1622 exchequer 1623 excise 1624 exclaim 1625 excoriate n. treasury, government department in charge of public money n. government tax on certain goods manufactured, sold or used within a country v. cry out suddenly and loudly from pain, anger, surprise, etc to censure scathingly

1626 exculpate v. ~ sb (fml ) free sb from blame; say that sb is not guilty (The suspect was exculpated of the murder charges) Unlike auittal and exonerate, exculpate does not imply the act was criminal otherwise illegal. 1627 execrable 1628 execrate 1629 execute 1630 executioner adj. verybad; terrible to declare to be evil or detestable:DENOUNCE v. carry out, perform (what one is asked or told to do) n. public official who carries out a death sentence

1631 executive 1632 executor 1633 exegesis

adj. concerned with the management and carrying out of plans, decisions, etc n. person who is appointed by the maker of a will to carry out the terms of the will n. (fml ) explanation and interpretation of a written work, esp the Bible ,

1634 exemplary adj. Worthy of imitation; serving as an example; anukarana yogyamina, aadarsa prayamina, (an ~ behavior, an action exemplary of his conduct) 1635 exemplify 1636 exempt v. be a typical example of (sth) adj. ~ free from an obligation, duty or payment; not liable

1637 exertion n. Use of physical or mental energy; hard work; srama, pani (they managed to dig oil only with great exertion) 1638 exhale 1639 exhilarating v. breathe (sth) out adj. very exciting; causing happiness

1640 exhort v. Spur on or encourage especially by cheers and shouts; protsahinchu, prerepinchu (fml ) advise sb strongly or earnestly; udbhodhinchu (The crowd exhorted the demonstrating strikers, I exhorted him to finish his studies; Exhorting the importance of quality teachers for the country, Rao said the government needs to focus on teachers as they create the future India) 1641 exhume v. dig out from the ground (for examination) esp. dead body ( exhume dead body for re post-mortem) 1642 exigency 1643 exiguous 1644 existential 1645 exodus 1646 exonerate 1647 exorbitant 1648 exorcise 1649 exotic 1650 expansive 1651 expatiate 1652 expatriate n. (condition of) urgent need or demand; emergency; atyavasara stithi adj. very small (in amount); scanty adj. of or relating to (esp human) existence n. ~ (to...) (fml or joc ) departure of many people at one time to relieve of a responsibility, obligation, or hardship adj. (of a price, charge, etc) much too high or great; unreasonable drive out evil spirits adj. introduced from another country; not native, aparichita, asaadharana adj. able or tending to expand v. ~ on/upon sth write or speak at great length or in detail about a subject n. person living outside his own country

1653 expedient fair or moral 1654 expedite 1655 expeditious 1656 expenditure 1657 expertise

adj. useful, helpful or advisable for a particular purpose, though not necessarily

v. help the progress of (work, business, etc); hasten or speed up adj. done with speed and efficiency n. action of spending or using n. expert knowledge or skill, esp in a particular field

1658 expiate v. accept punishment for (wrong one has done) and do something to show one is sorry; make up for 1659 expletive 1660 explicate 1661 explicit 1662 exploit n. violent (often meaningless) exclamation said in anger, pain, etc; swear-word v. explain and analyse (esp an idea, a statement or a work of literature) in detail adj. (of a statement, etc) clearly and fully expressed n. brave or adventurous deed or action

1663 expository serving to expound/ explain; explanatory; (The mannual that came with my VCR was no masterpiece of expository prose: its explanations were so garbled that I couldn't even figure out how to rewind a tape) 1664 expostulation 1665 exposure 1666 expound vivarinchu n. protest; reasoned persuasion, etc n. action of exposing or state of being exposed v. ~ sth (fml ) explain or make sth clear by giving details; ardha vivarana cheyu,

1667 expropriate v. ~ sth (from sb) take away (property, etc) for public use without payment to the owner; deprive of possessions; hakku swadheenam chesukonu; (The Communist government expropriated the landowners) 1668 expunge 1669 expurgate 1670 exquisite 1671 extant v. ~ sth (fml ) remove or wipe out (words, names, etc) from a list, book, etc v. remove improper or objectionable parts from (a book, etc) adj. extremely beautiful or delicate; finely or skilfully made or done adj. still in existence (~ manuscripts, the oldest ~ Indian collection is pancha tantra)

1672 extemporaneous adj. spoken or done without preparation; extempore ; 1673 extenuate v. make (wrongdoing) less serious (by providing an excuse)

1674 extirpate 1675 extol

v. remove or destroy (sth) completely v. ~sb (as sth) (fml ) praise (sb/sth) highly

1676 extort v. ~ sth obtain sth by violence, threats, etc; balavantapu vasoolu, dopidi(fake bomb tied to teen s neck in extortion attempt in Australia that the officials said resembled a Hollywood plot) 1677 extradition before extradition) 1678 extraneous dealt with 1679 extrapolation 1680 extricate surrender of prisoner by one state to another (UK wanted to inspect Indian jails

adj. ~ not belonging to or directly connected with the subject or matter being

n. ~ (fml ) v. ~ sb/sth (fml ) set sb/sth free; release sb/sth ;

1681 extrinsic adj. ~ (fml ) (of qualities, values, etc) not belonging to or part of the real nature of a person or thing; coming from outside 1682 extrovert n. person more interested in what is happening around him than in his own thoughts and emotions 1683 extrude 1684 exuberance 1685 exuberant 1686 exude out 1687 exult v. ~ sth (fml ) force or squeeze out sth under pressure n. state or quality of being exuberant adj. overflowing with happiness and excitement; very lively and cheerful v. ~ (sth) (from/through sth) (of drops of liquid, etc) come or pass out slowly; ooze

v. ~ (at/in sth) get great pleasure from sth; rejoice greatly

Unit F: 216 1688 fabricate 1689 facade v. Put together out of artificial or natural components or parts; invent n. front (of a building); bhavana mukha bhagam

1690 facet n. any of the many sides of a cut stone or jewel; A distinct feature or element in a problem; dasa, lakshanam, paarsvalu (he studied every facet of the question) 1691 facetious adj. intended to be amusing, often inappropriately or at wrong occasion; haasya spadamina, sarasamina; (your facetious remarks not suitable for this occasion)

! once I mistaked with insincere 1692 facile adj. easily obtained or achieved (and so not highly valued); sulabhanga saadhyamina, nipuna gala; performing adroitly; nerpu kala; speaking readily, clearly and effectively; sarala mina(Because he was a facile speaker, he never refused a request to address an organization; facile hand; the solution for this problem is too facile but you have to know the trick behind it) 1693 facilitate v. (of an object, a process, etc but not of a person) make (sth) easy or less difficult; sulabham cheyu, sadupayam kalaga cheyu; (facilitate the process by sharing your knowledge;) 1694 facsimile(FAX) n. exact copy or reproduction of writing, printing, a picture, etc (please facsimile this copy for others also; facsimile signature) 1695 faction n. small united group within a larger one, esp in politics, which seeks power usually through intrigue; a dissenting clique; mutha, cheelika vargam 1696 factious adj. of or caused by faction; causing dissenting(= asammati); inclined to form factions (Your factious statements will upset the harmony that now exists) 1697 factitious adj. deliberately created or developed; unnatural; artificial; (actresses often create factitious tears by using glycerine) 1698 factotum n. person employed to do all kinds of work

1699 faculty n. any of the powers of the body or mind; a body of teachers; nigoodha sakti;( As he grew old, he feared he might lose his faculties and become useless to his employer) 1700 fad n. An interest followed with exaggerated zeal; vyamoham, velam verri (he always follows the latest fads) A fad is any form of behavior that develops among a large population and is collectively followed with enthusiasm for some period, generally as a result of the behavior's being perceived as novel in some way. A fad is said to "catch on" when the number of people adopting it begins to increase rapidly. The behavior will normally fade quickly once the perception of novelty is gone 1701 fallacious adj. misleading; based on error; based on fallacy(=avastavam); avastavikaminadi(~ reasoning, ~ testimony to the jury) 1702 fallible adj. likely to fail; liable to make mistakes; having the attributes of man as opposed to e.g. divine beings (everyone is fallible to some degree; I am only a fallible human not god) 1703 fallow adj. ploughed but left unplanted to restore its fertility; undeveloped but potentially useful (~ farmland, a ~ gold market) 1704 falsify make false by mutilation or addition; as of a message or story

1705 falter v. move, walk or act hesitantly, usu because of weakness, fear or indecision; totru padu, aagipovu, (drunk man is faltering, speaker falterd when opponent entered room, their enthu is faltering) 1706 fanaticism 1707 fancied n. great or obsessive enthusiasm esp opposive views adj. imaginary; unreal

n. person with a special interest in and love for sth v. decorative and not plain (The 1708 fancier dog fancier exhibited her prize collie; chocolate fancier) 1709 fanciful adj. using the imagination rather than reason

1710 fancy n. power of the mind to imagine; imagine, having desire for, find sexually attractive (I can t fancy Jr.NTR on horse back; she fancied necklace that she had seen in shop; he definitely fancies her) 1711 fanfare n. A gaudy outward display; [music] short ceremonial piece of music usu played on trumpets; (The exposition was opened with fanfare of trumpets and the firing of cannon) 1712 fantastic 1713 farce adj. wild and strange n. funny play for the theatre based on unlikely situations and events

1714 far-fetched adj. Highly imaginative but unlikely; (of a comparison) strained; unnatural (farfetched imagination; It was an idea much too far-fetched to be possible, but still, she liked what was in her head) 1715 fashion 1716 fastidious n. manner or way of doing sth adj. selecting carefully; choosing only what is good ;

1717 fatalism n. A philosophical doctrine holding that all events are predetermined in advance for all time and human beings are powerless to change them; karma siddhantam, vidhi vadam 1718 fathom n. measure of the depth of water, 1fathom= 6feet or 6 cubic feet for volumes; Come to understand

Davinci s virtuvian man and its measurements 1719 fathomless 1720 fatuous Clue:- infatuation 1721 fauna 1722 favoritism n. all the animals of an area or a period of time [ favouritism: ] the practice of giving special treatment to a person or group adj. too deep to measure adj. stupid and silly; foolish

1723 fawning [ fawn: ] a young deer of either sex aged under one year; Attempting to win favor by flattery (He is always fawning to his boss) Fawn: young deer, charecteristics include fear+ submissiveness+ flattery 1724 faze v. fluster (sb), Disturb the composure of; avarodham kaliginchu(china hydropower proponents unfazed by the Three Gorges experiences) 1725 feasible 1726 feature its appearance 1727 febrile adj. that can be done; practicable; possible n. one of the named parts of the face (eg nose, mouth, eyes) which together form

adj. relating or characterized by fever (a febrile reaction caused by an allergen)

Ferbifuse is a medicine which act as antipyretic 1728 feckless adj. generally inefficient and incompetent; irresponsible; Not fit to assume responsibility (feckless attempts to repair plumbing; feckless critiques of Japan's nuclear competence);

1729 fecundity n. The intellectual productivity of a creative imagination; The state of being fertile; capable of producing offspring; The quality of something that causes or assists healthy growth; jananotpatti samardhyam, phalapradamina (The fecundity of his mind is illustrated by the many vivid images in his poems) Fecund - fertile 1730 feebleminded 1731 feign adj. Retarded in intellectual development; durbhala manasika stithi

v. pretend (he feigned sleep)

1732 feint n. pretended attack to distract an opponent's attention from the main attack (he midfielder feinted to shoot, he feinted to attack)

If you feign fainting it will be an excellent feint Feint- a distracting move- common with magicians faint- pass out, lose consciousness; weak feign- to pretend
1733 felicitous 1734 felicity 1735 feline 1736 fell adj. (esp of words) well-chosen; apt n. great happiness adj. n. animal of the cat family pt. of fall; The act of felling something (as a tree);

Quarry : Stone :: Fell : Timber Timber as interjection: Used to warn other people that a tree being felled is falling to the ground 1737 felon n. person guilty of felony(=serious crime); A purulent infection at the end of a finger or toe in the area surrounding the nail; ghora aparadhi, goru chuttu (new) fend v. Try to manage without help (The youngsters had to fend for themselves after their parents died); Withstand the force of something (The mountain climbers had to fend against the ice and snow) 1738 feral adj. (of animals) wild or savage, esp after escaping from captivity or from life as a pet; (study shows that feral cats sleep less and are involved in more high-intensity activity than house cats) 1739 ferment 1740 fermentation 1741 ferocious v. change chemically through the action of organic substances (esp yeast) n. fermenting adj. fierce, violent or savage; krooramina, nirdayaga )(a ferocious beating)

1742 ferret n. small animal of the weasel family, kept for driving rabbits from their burrows, killing rats, etc; V. hunt with ferrets, Search and discover through persistent investigation (he ferreted the truth)

1743 fertile

adj. able to produce much; rich in nutrients

1744 fervent adj. showing warmth and sincerity of feeling; enthusiastic; passionate; (a fervent desire to change society; fervent heat) 1745 fervid adj. = fervent

1746 fervor Feelings of great warmth and intensity; The state of being emotionally aroused and worked up; atyutsaham (he spoke with great fervor, his face was flushed with fervor and his hands trembled) 1747 fester v. become infected and filled with pus; cheemu pattu, kullu(her wounds are festering; the wound should be purified or it will fester and putrify) 1748 festive 1749 fete 1750 fetid adj. of or suitable for a feast or festival; joyous n. outdoor entertainment or sale, usu to raise money for a special purpose adj. smelling foul or unpleasant; stinking; (a fetid odor)

1751 fetish n. object that is worshipped, esp because a spirit is believed to live in it; A form of sexual desire in which gratification depends to an abnormal degree on some object or item of clothing or part of the body (common male fetishes are breasts, legs, hair, shoes, and underwear; ) 1752 fetter n. chain put round the feet of a person or animal to limit movement

1753 feud n. long and bitter quarrel between two people, families or groups(sachin helps to end Bhajji, symonds feud) 1754 fiasco 1755 fiat n. complete and ridiculous failure (volks wagon car deal fiasco, satyam fiasco) n. formal authorization, order or decree

1756 fickle fickle friends) 1757 fictitious 1758 fidelity

adj. often changing; not constant in affections/ attachments or smt; (fickle weather,

adj. imagined or invented; not real n. ~ loyalty; faithfulness; visvasaneeyata

1759 fiend n. evil spirit; devil; A cruel wicked and inhuman person; A person motivated by irrational enthusiasm (as for a cause); (A fiend is one who can't change his mind and won't change the subject) 1760 figment n. ~ of smb s imagination; thing that is not real but only imagined (That incident never took place; it is a figment of your imagination) 1761 figurative adj. (of words) used in an imaginative or a metaphorical way rather than literally

Figurative speech ex: "I had butterflies in my stomach" 1762 figure 1763 figurine n. written symbol for a number, n. diminutive of figure, small ornamental statue, esp of a person

tajmahal figurine 1764 filch v. steal (esp sth of small value); (monkeys filched bananas from the farm)

1765 filial adj. pertaining to a son or daughter; Many children forget their filial obligations and disregard the wishes of their parents Filial respect, filial obligations, filial piety: respecting father and mother 1766 filibuster n. person who tries to delay or prevent the making of decisions in (esp parliamentary) meetings by making long speeches video 1767 filigree n. delicate kind of jewellery metalwork made with twisted threads usually of gold and silver or stitching of the same curving motifs.

horse and buggy ~ work

~ ring

1768 filing [ card: ] Preservation and methodical arrangement as of documents and papers etc; The act of using a file instrument; N. A fragment rubbed off by the use of a file (I have to do some filing in office; the shaft fitted to the rotor by filing the surface; iron filings) 1769 filth n. disgusting dirt

1770 finale n. [music] last part of a piece of music or a drama, etc; The concluding part of any performance (the finale of each round was signaled by a bell) 1771 finery n. gay and elegant clothes or decoration; (the elephant is decorated with royal finery for the procession) 1772 finesse n. A highly developed state of perfection; skill in dealing with people or situations cleverly or tactfully (The finesse and adroitness of the surgeon impressed the observers in the operating room) 1773 finicky 1774 finish 1775 finished 1776 finite 1777 firebrand 1778 fissure adj. too fussy about food, clothes, etc (a finicky eater) v. come or bring (sth) to an end adj. ~ (infml ) in a state of having completed sth or no longer dealing with sb/sth adj. having bounds; limited; not infinite n. piece of burning wood n. long deep crack in rock or in the earth

1779 fit adj. ~ to do sth suitable or suited for sb/sth; well adapted for sb/sth; good enough for sb/sth N. A display of bad temper; sudden uncontrollable attack 1780 fitful adj. occurring in short periods, not regularly and steadily; (fitful sleep; After several fitful attempts, he decided to postpone the start of the project until he felt more energetic) 1781 flaccid adj. soft and weak; loose and limp; not firm; (flaccid penis)

1782 flag n. piece of cloth with a particular design, that can be attached by one edge to a rope, pole, etc and used as a symbol of a country, party, etc or as a signal 1783 flagrant adj. particularly bad, shocking and obvious (flagrant violation of human rights)

1784 flail n. tool consisting of a stick swinging from a long handle, used esp formerly to separate grain from chaff ,

1785 flair n. ~ for sth natural ability to do sth well (Warne feels sachin has technique but Lara flair; he has a flair for mathematics) 1786 flamboyant 1787 flashy adj. showy, very confident and extravagant adj. attractive but usu not in good taste; showy

1788 flaunt v. show (sth considered valuable) in order to gain the admiration of other people (he flaunted his new sports car) 1789 flay flaying) 1790 fleck 1791 fledgling 1792 fleece 1793 fleet 1794 flick v. remove the skin from (a dead animal); (flay the skin; flaying punishment; death by

n. ~ very small patch or spot of a colour inexperienced; rekkalu todugutunna (a fledgling enterprise) n. woolly hair of a sheep or similar animal (fleece bedsheets, fleece cloths) n. group of warships, submarines, etc under one commander n. quick light blow, eg with a whip or the tip of a finger

1795 flicker

v. (of a light or flame) burn or shine unsteadily

1796 flighty adj. (esp of a woman or her behaviour) changeable and unreliable; not serious; (horses) unpredictably excitable (flighty young girls) 1797 flinch v. move or draw back suddenly, from shock, fear or pain; janku(He did not flinch in the face of danger but fought back bravely) 1798 flip in the air 1799 flippancy v. toss (sth) with a sharp movement of the thumb and forefinger so that it turns over

n. being flippant

1800 flippant adj. not showing sufficient respect or seriousness, Showing inappropriate levity; telivi takkuva; (flippant comments) Q: flippant syn? A. banter B. light-minded 1801 flirt intentions v. ~ behave (towards sb) in a romantic or suggestive way but without serious (B)

1802 flit v. fly or move lightly and quickly from one place to another(in an year he flitted 4 jobs; the teacher was angry to see the boy flit from one place to another during class; flies and musquitos flitted around the carcass of the elephant) 1803 floe 1804 flora 1805 florescence n. sheet of floating ice, usu on the sea n. all the plants of a particular area or period of time the process, state, or period of flowering

1806 florid adj. elaborate and ornate; excessively decorated or colourful; inclined to healthy reddish color; (florid speech; florid cheeks) 1807 flotsam n. parts of a wrecked ship or its cargo found floating in the sea

1808 flounder v. move or struggle helplessly or clumsily; move with difficulty, as through mud or deep snow (He floundered along in the heavy snow) 1809 flourish 1810 flout 1811 flowery 1812 fluctuate 1813 fluctuation 1814 fluency 1815 fluke v. be successful, very active, or widespread; prosper v. disobey openly and scornfully; ullanghinchu, nirlakhyam cheyu(flout the rules) adj. covered with or having a lot of flowers v. ~ (of a price, number, rate, etc) rise and fall; change irregularly n. ~ (of/in sth) n. quality or condition of being fluent n. (infml ) thing that is accidentally successful; lucky stroke in a game

1816 flush n. flow of blood to the face that causes a red colouring; blush (The girl flushed when a young man whistled as she walked by); flush the ground = make ground level; flush the wound = clean; flush toilet = sudden rapid flow as of water 1817 fluster v. make nervous and confused; N. a disposition of confused + nervous + upset (The teacher's sudden question flustered him and he stammered his reply) 1818 fluted (esp. of the shaft of a column) having flutes

spiral fluted pillers

plain & fluted columns

v. (of the wings of birds, butterflies, etc) move lightly and quickly; repa repa ladu 1819 flutter (candle flutterd, flutter eyelids, fly fluttered overhead) 1820 flux n. continuous change or succession of changes; unsettled state

1821 fodder n. dried food, hay, etc forhorses and farm animals, pasugrasam (after harvest is over the remaining fodder will be traspoted to town either by laden carts or trucks) 1822 foible n. small, usu harmless, peculiarity or weakness in a person's character; chinna lopam (We can overlook the foibles of our friends; no one is perfect); the weak part of sword X forte

1823 foil

n. metal rolled or hammered into a very thin flexible sheet

1824 foist v. force sb into accepting sth not wanted; anta gattu; banayinchu; (Cops tried to foist a case against jeweler for bribe) 1825 foliage n. leaves of a tree; leaves with their stems and branches; A cluster of leaves; chetla aakulu; guburu (The cottage, deep inside the woods, was invisible as the thick foliage of the overgrown trees covered it; beautiful fall foliage) 1826 foment v. arouse or increase; Bathe with warm water or medicated lotions; ragulchu, kaapadam pettu(ISI used LeT to foment anti-India passion in Kashmir; Will Washington Foment War Between China and India; fomentation massage) 1827 foolhardy adj. foolishly bold or rash; reckless

1828 foppish adj. of or like a fop; vain about dress and appearance (He tried to imitate the foppish manner of the young men of the court) 1829 foray n. sudden attack, esp to obtain sth; raid; An initial attempt esp outside your usual areas of competence; (Before Google+ the web gaint also made an earlier foray in social networking with its Orkut site, but could not match facebook; scientists forays into politics; during earthquake people forayed the stores deserted by their owners) 1830 forbearance n. patient self-control; Tolerance and restraint in the face of provocation; sahanam(The guards, too, treated the common criminals with a certain forbearance, even when they had to handle them roughly) 1831 ford n. shallow place in a river where one can walk or drive across

1832 forebears n. person from whom one is descended;ancestor (Reverence for one's forebears (sometimes referred to as ancestor worship) plays an important part in many Oriental cultures) 1833 foreboding n. strong feeling that danger or trouble is coming (Positioned five times further from the sun than Earth, Jupiter is a foreboding place. Jupiter is surrounded by dangerous radiation belts, and just a fraction of the sun's light and heat reach that far into the solar system) 1834 forensic adj. of, related to or used in law in the investigation and establishment of facts or evidence in a court of law 1835 forerunner n. person or thing that prepares the way for the coming of sb or sth else more important; sign of what is to follow 1836 foreshadow 1837 foresight v. be a sign or warning of (These signs foreshadow bad news) n. ability to see what one's future needs are likely to be; careful planning

1838 forestall v. prevent by taking action in advance; act before so as to prevent him from doing sth; mundugane nirodhinchu(By setting up a prenuptial agreement(=pelliki mundu chesukune voppandam), the prospective(=kaaboye) bride and groom hoped to forestall any potential arguments about money in the event of a divorce) 1839 forfeit v. lose or give up (sth) as a consequence of or punishment for having done sth wrong, or in order to achieve sth; japtu, hakku kolpovadam (you have forfeited your right to name your successor; forfeited property) 1840 forge n. workshop with a fire and an anvil where metals are heated and shaped, esp one used by a smith for making horseshoes 1841 forgo v. give up or do without (esp sth pleasant); Be earlier in time; vadilipettu, vidichipettu, (forgo the old ideas, stone tools forgo the bronze tools) 1842 forlorn 1843 formality 1844 formidable of major surgery) adj. Marked by or showing hopelessness; (a forlorn cause; the last forlorn attempt) n. careful observance of rules, conventions, etc of language or behaviour adj. causing fear or great anxiety; frightening; awesome (~ crocodile, ~ prospect

1845 forsake v. (fml) give up; renounce; Leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch; parityajinchu, neellu vadulu, (The mother forsook her children) 1846 forswear v. (promise to) give up sth usually under pressure; Formally reject or disavow a formerly held belief; sapadha poorvakam ga vadilipettu, (forswear beliefs; he will be punished unless he forswears Christianity and embrace Islam) 1847 forte n. thing that sb does particularly well; strong point; visisthata, visesha gunam (math is his forte, cooking is his forte) X foible

1848 forthcoming adj. about to happen or appear in the near future; readily reacting to people; (~ holidays, children are often the quickest and the most forthcoming members of the audience)

1849 forthright adj. clear and honest in manner and speech; straightforward; (forthright criticism, forthright approach to the problem) (new) fortnight 14 days of time 1850 fortitude n. courage, endurance and self-control in facing pain, danger or difficulty; sthairyam; (I prefer Jill's forthright approach to Jack's tendency to beat around the bush) 1851 fortuitous of fortune) 1852 forum 1853 forward adj. happening by chance or coincidence(fortuitous encounters strange accidents

n. place where important public issues can be discussed adj. directed or moving towards the front

1854 foster v. help the growth or development of (sth); encourage or promote; poshinchu, protsahinchu;(foster his talents; foster our children s well being and education) Adj : Providing or receiving nurture or parental care though not related by blood or legal ties; samrakshinchu (~ parent, ~ child, ~ house) 1855 foul 1856 founder 1857 fracas adj. having a bad smell or taste; dirty and disgusting n. person who founds or establishes sth n. (usu sing)noisy quarrel, fight, or disturbanc

1858 fractious adj. irritable; bad-tempered( fractious young man); Stubbornly resistant (fractious animal that would not submit to harness); likely to be troublesome (rockets were much too fractious to be tested near thickly populated areas; fractious components of a communication system) 1859 frail adj. physically weak or delicate (this evidence is too frail to stand up in court; a frail craft; excercises for frail elders) 1860 frailty n. physical weakness; (The doctor prescribed vitamin supplements for the sick old woman because of her frailty) 1861 franchise 1862 frantic 1863 fraudulent n. right to vote at public elections adj. in an extreme state of emotion, esp fear or anxiety adj. deceitful or dishonest

1864 fraught adj. fraught with smt = filled with sth; charged with sth; nindia; koodi vunna; (Since this enterprise is fraught with danger, I will ask for volunteers who are willing to assume the risks) 1865 fray n. the fray fight, contest or argument; lively or challenging action; potlata; Cause friction; orusukonu (my sweater frays); Wear away by rubbing (the friction frayed the sleeve)

1866 freebooter 1867 frenetic

buccaneer; dopidi donga adj. very excited; frenzied; frantic; (frenetic screams followed the accident)

1868 frenzied adj. wildly excited or agitated; frantic (As soon as they smelled smoke, the frenzied animals milled about in their cages) 1869 fresco n. picture painted in water-colour on a wall or ceiling before the plaster is dry

fresco painted inside the Ajanta caves 1870 fret v. ~ (cause sb to) become unhappy, bad-tempered, or anxious about sth; worry; digulu padu, (don t fret too much about grand children they are quite big now) 1871 friction 1872 frieze n. rubbing of one surface or thing against another n. band of sculpture or decoration round the top of a wall or building

1873 frigid adj. very cold; sexually unresponsive; Devoid of warmth and cordiality (a frigid day; The irony is that if a girl friend asks for sex she is called whore and if she opposes she is called frigid; a frigid greeting) 1874 fringe n. (US bang) front hair cut so that it hangs over the forehead

fringe hair style 1875 frisk v. pass one's hands over (sb) in a search for hidden weapons, drugs, etc; tanikhee cheyu, veduku; Play boisterously; tullinta; (the police frisked everyone at the airport; children frisked in the garden) 1876 fritter v. ~ sth away; waste (esp time/ money) foolishly; (fritter away one s inheritance)

1877 frivolous adj. not sensible or serious; foolish and light-hearted;( "a frivolous novel"; "a frivolous remark"; "a frivolous young woman") 1878 frock n. dress worn by women or girls

1879 frolic v. ~ (about) play about in a lively happy way; Gay or light-hearted recreational activity for diversion or amusement; play boisterously; chilipi chesta, vedukaga cheyu (The frolicsome puppy tried to lick the face of its master; their frolic in the surf threatened to become ugly; The children frolicked in the garden) 1880 frolicsome 1881 frond adj. merry; playful n. leaf-like part of a fern or palm; (palm frond furniture)

1882 fructify v. (fml ) (cause sth to) bear fruit or be fruitful; safaleekrutamagu; (The seeds fructified; the apple trees fructify)

1883 frugality virtues) 1884 fruitful 1885 fruition 1886 frustrate 1887 fuddle 1888 fugitive 1889 fulcrum

thrift; Prudence in avoiding waste; (frugality and industry are still regarded as

adj. having many good results; productive or profitable; successful n. fulfilment of hopes, plans, etc; getting what one wants or has worked for v. prevent (sb) from doing or achieving sth v. confuse (sb/sth), esp with alcoholic drink n. ~ person who is running away or escaping n. point on which a lever is supported

1890 fulminate v. protest strongly and loudly; cause explode violently(synthesis of fulminating silver explosive; he fulminated against republican s plan to cut medicare) 1891 fulsome adj. excessive and insincere (gave him a fulsome introduction)

1892 fumble v. Feel about uncertainly or blindly; (She fumbled for her glasses in the darkness of the bedroom) Make a mess of, destroy or ruin; 1893 functional 1894 functionary 1895 fundamental 1896 funereal adj. of or having a functionor functions n. person with official duties adj. of or forming the basis or foundation of sth; essential adj. suitable for a funeral; gloomy; dismal

1897 furor A general commotion; public disorder or uproar (biography on Gandhi hinting he had a gay lover causes furor in India; The story of her embezzlement of the funds created a furor on the stock exchange) 1898 furrow n. long narrow trench cut in the earth, esp by a plough (~ irrigation, nail furrows)

furrow ridge irrigation

1899 furtive adj. done secretly and quietly so as not to be noticed; secret and sly or sordid; chatuga, rahasyam ga (smoking to get more furtive as govt puts ban on smoking in public; furtive dinner with boyfriend) 1900 fusillade n. continuous or simultaneous shooting of guns (our fusillade from the left flank caught them by surprise) 1901 fusion 1902 fuss n. the blending or uniting of different things into one, by melting, etc n. (esp unnecessary) nervous excitement or activity

1903 fussy adj. (usu derog ) nervously active or excited about small things; exacting about details; overcrowded or cluttured with detail (a fussy design; fussy about cloths) 1904 futile adj. producing no result; useless; pointless; phalitam leni, phala vantam kani, nirardhaka, (a futile effort; futile years after her artistic success) Futility N. Uselessness as a consequence of having no practical result; nirardhakamina;

Unit G: 148 1905 gadfly n. fly that stings horses and cattle;

Social gadfly - A gadfly is a person who upsets the status quo(= the state in which from latin) by posing upsetting or novel questions, or just being an irritant. The term has been used to describe many politicians and social commentators Gadfly a pest or hero? The term 'gadfly' is usually pejorative and is often bestowed by organizations or persons who are on the receiving end of the gadfly's attentions. It implies that the gadfly is an intellectual lightweight whose only intent is to annoy, thereby gaining attention for himself. The gadfly, however, looks upon himself as a social critic, bringing to light certain unpleasant facts and, with luck, improving the human condition
Famous Gadflies:- Socrates, Gandhi How to become a gadfly? y Pick a cause that you're passionate about, and ride that horse for all you're worth.

y y

Start small. Your cause may be an item of earth-shaking significance or something utterly obscure, but you're more likely to get attention, and risk serious consequences, if your views push people's buttons. So be content with small victories in the beginning and work up from there. Share your views. Write letters to the editors of newspapers and to your elected officials. Create a Web site, or visit one of the existing 'gadfly' sites to talk with like-minded persons. Be prepared to swim against the current

1906 gaffe

n. social blunder; indiscreet act or remark ( obama s gaffe at public meeting)

1907 gainsay v. (usu in negative sentences or questions) contradict (sb/sth); deny; tappani vaadinchu, tappulennu; (she gainsaid his claims; She was too honest to gainsay the truth of the report) 1908 gait gait) 1909 galaxy n. manner of walking or running; nadaka reeti; (The lame man walked with an uneven

n. any of the large systems of stars in outer space

1910 gale n. very strong wind storm (at sea) 45-90 knots; an outburst (of laughter) (It was destroyed by the strength of the gale; a gale of laughter) 1911 gall 1912 galleon or more masts n. bitter liquid secreted by the liver; bile n. {ship} large Spanish sailing-ship used from the 15th to the 17th century with three

1913 galley warship;

n. {ship} long flat ship, usu rowed by slaves or criminals; ancient Greek or Roman

1914 gallows

n. wooden framework on which criminals are put to death by hanging; urikambam

1915 galvanic 1916 galvanize

adj. producing an electric current by chemical action v. to stimulate or excite as if by an electric shock

1917 gambit n. An opening remark intended to secure an advantage for the speaker;opening movein chess in which a player sacrifices a piece in order to win an advantage later; toli adugu, yettu gada, vyuham; (The player was afraid to accept his opponent's gambit because he feared a trap which as yet he could not see; political gambit) 1918 gambol meadows) v. jump or skip about playfully; play boisterously (the gamboling lambs in the

1919 gamely adv: fight, struggle, etc gamely, ie bravely but perhaps unsuccessfully; (MF Husain, India's most iconic and prolific artists, was a protean maverick who angered Hindu radicals at home with his provocative work and gamely took leaving India in his stride) 1920 gamut n. complete range or scale; (a face that expressed a gamut of emotions; Indian army exploring entire gamut of future conflict scenarios in the context of growing sino-pak relations) 1921 gangrene Undergo necrosis n. decay and death of body tissue when the blood supply has been stopped;

1922 gape v. ~ (often derog ) stare with an open mouth, usu in surprise; Be wide open (The huge pit gaped before him; if he stumbled, he would fall in) 1923 garbled adj. To mix up or distort to such an extent as to make misleading or incomprehensible (She garbled all the historical facts; They planned to garble the message) 1924 gargantuan tantrula) adj. enormous; gigantic (gargantuan shuttle vechicle; gargantuan dog; gargantuan

1925 gargoyle n. stone or metal spout in the form of a grotesque human or animal figure, for carrying rain-water away from the roof of a church, etc (gargoyle rain spouts)

1926 garish clothing)

adj. unpleasantly bright; over-coloured or over-decorated, esp in a vulgar way (garish

cocktail with cherry garish 1927 garner 1928 garnish 1929 garrulity 1930 garrulous 1931 gastronomy 1932 gauche 1933 gaudy 1934 gaunt 1935 gavel v. ~ sth ~ sth (in/up) (fml ) collect sth in and (usu) store it v. ~ sth decorate (food for the table) with small additional amounts of food; garrulousness, talkativeness adj. talking too much, esp about unimportant things n. art and science of choosing, cooking and eating good food; paaka sastram adj. socially awkward or clumsy adj. (derog ) too bright and showy, esp in a vulgar way adj. made exceptionally thin by hunger or illness; haggard n. small hammer used by an auctioneer or chairman as a signal for order or attention

1936 gawk

v. ~ (infml ) stare impolitely or stupidly; gawp

1937 gazette n. official journal with public notices and lists of government, military, legal and university appointments 1938 genealogy n. study of family history, showing who the ancestors of particular people were and how they were related to each other 1939 generality 1940 generate 1941 generic 1942 genesis n. general statement, esp one that is vague or indefinite v. cause to exist or occur; produce adj. shared by or including a whole group or class; not specific n. (fml) beginning; starting-point; origin

1943 geniality n. quality of being genial; A disposition to be friendly and approachable (easy to talk to); cheerfulness; kindliness; sympathy (This restaurant is famous and popular because of the geniality of the proprietor, who tries to make everyone happy. 1944 genre n. particular style or kind, esp of works of art or literature grouped according to their form or subject matter 1945 genteel adj. polite or refined in an affected or exaggerated way; well-bred; elegant (We are looking for a man with a genteel apperance who can inspire confidence by his cultivated manner) 1946 gentility 1947 gentle 1948 gentry 1949 genuflect n. genteel manners and behaviour; social superiority adj. mild; kind; careful; not rough, violent or severe n. people of good social position next below the nobility v. bend the knee, esp in worship,

1950 genus n. (biology ) group of animals or plants within a family(4), often itself subdivided into several species(1) 1951 geriatrics n. branch of medicine dealing with the diseases and care of old people

1952 germ seed; 1953 germane 1954 germinal 1955 germinate

n. portion of a living organism capable of becoming a new organism; embryo of a

adj. ~ (fml ) relevant adj. in the earliest stage of development v. start growing government ruled by old people n. scientific study of old age and the process of growing old

1956 gerontocracy 1957 gerontology

1958 gerrymander v. arrange the boundaries of or divide (an area) for voting in order to give unfair advantages to one party in an election 1959 gestate 1960 gesticulation evolve; as in pre-natal growth n. gesticulating

1961 ghastly adj. causing horror or fear (the ghastly tragedy of Mumbai terror underlines the need for strengthening the country from within) 1962 gibberish 1963 gibe 1964 giddy 1965 gild 1966 gingerly 1967 girth 1968 gist 1969 glacial 1970 glamor 1971 glare 1972 glaring 1973 glaze 1974 gleam 1975 glean n. meaningless sounds; unintelligible talk; nonsense v. ~ (at sb/sth) jeer at or mock sb/sth; make fun of sb/sth adj. having the feeling that everything is turning round and that one is going to fall v. cover with gold-leaf(3) or gold-coloured paint adv. with great care and caution to avoid causing harm or making a noise n. distance round sth of approximately cylindrical shape n. the gist main point or general meaning adj. of the Ice Age [ glamour: ] charm and allure; fascination n. strong unpleasant dazzling light adj. dazzling v. fit sheets or panes of glass into n. brief appearance of light v. gather

1976 glib trustworthily 1977 glimmer 1978 glitter 1979 gloat failure 1980 gloss 1981 glossary 1982 glossy 1983 glow 1984 glower 1985 glut 1986 glutinous 1987 glutton 1988 gnarl 1989 gnarled 1990 gnome 1991 goad

adj. (derog ) speaking or spoken fluently and without hesitation, but not sincerely or

v. send out a weak unsteady light v. ~ shine brightly with little sharp flashes of light; sparkle v. ~ express or feel selfish delight at one's own success or good fortune or sb else's

n. brightness or shine on a smooth surface n. list of technical or special words explaining their meanings adj. smooth and shiny v. send out light and heat withoutflame v. ~ look in an angry or a threatening way v. ~ sth (with sth) supply sth with much more than is needed adj. of or like gluten; sticky n. person who eats too much any knotty protuberance or swelling on a tree adj. twisted and rough; covered with knobs dwarf; underground spirit n. pointed stick for making cattle, etc move on

1992 gobble v. ~ sth eat sth fast, noisily and greedily (leaving nothing behind) (the ball nicked the edge, Dhoni dives to his right and gobbled it up) 1993 gorge 1994 gory n. narrow steep-sided valley, usu with a stream or river adj. (esp rhet ) covered with gore1

1995 gossamer n. fine silky substance of webs made by small spiders, floating in calm air or spread over grass, etc 1996 gouge 1997 gourmand 1998 gourmet n. tool with a sharp semicircular edge for cutting grooves in wood n. lover of food; glutton ; n. person who enjoys and is expert in the choice of fine food, wines, etc

1999 gracious socially inferior) 2000 gradation 2001 graduate polytechnic 2002 graduated college 2003 granary 2004 grandeur

adj. ~ (of persons and behaviour) kind, polite and generous (esp to sb who is

n. gradual change from one thing to another n. ~ person who holds a degree (esp the first or bachelor's) from a university or

[ graduate: ] n. a person who has been awarded a first degree from a university or

n. building where grain is stored n. greatness; magnificence; impressiveness

2005 grandiloquent adj. using or being a pompous style of speech, full of words which ordinary people do not understand 2006 grandiose 2007 granulate adj. planned on a large scale; (intended to seem) imposing v. form into grains or have a granular surface or texture

Granules A tiny grain; renuvu; In the artificial beach constructed in Japan the sand granules are specially made so that it gives u the feeling of playing in the sand, but it doesn't stick 2 ur body Granularity- The quality of being composed of relatively large particles (we need to put a proper plan
with a lot of granularity and execute on it to achieve our ambitious goal)

2008 graphic

adj. of visual symbols

2009 graphite n. soft black substance used in making lead pencils, in lubrication, and for slowing down neutrons in atomic reactors 2010 grapple 2011 grate 2012 gratify 2013 gratis 2014 gratuitous 2015 gratuity v. ~ seize (an opponent) firmly and try to fight n. fireplace v. (fml ) give pleasure or satisfaction to (sb) adv. without payment; free adj. done, given or acting unnecessarily, purposely and without good reason n. money given to sb who has done one a service; tip ;

2016 gravity n. force that attracts objects in space towards each other, and on the earth pulls them towards the centre of the planet, so that things fall to the ground when dropped 2017 graze v. ~ (of cattle, sheep, etc) eat growing grass

2018 gregarious 2019 grievance 2020 grill etc 2021 grim 2022 grimace cause laughter 2023 grisly 2024 groom 2025 groove 2026 gross 2027 grotesque 2028 grotto 2029 grouch 2030 grouse 2031 grovel humility or fear 2032 growl 2033 grudge 2034 grudging 2035 gruel 2036 grueling 2037 gruesome 2038 gruff 2039 grumble 2040 grunt 2041 guffaw

adj. liking to be with other people n. ~ real or imagined cause for complaint or protest (used esp with the vs shown) n. device on a cooker that directs heat downwards for cooking meat, toasting bread,

adj. very serious and unsmiling in appearance n. ugly twisted expression (on the face), expressing pain, disgust, etc or intended to

adj. causing horror or terror; ghastly n. person in charge of horses n. long narrow cut or depression in the surface of hard material n. (esp commerce ) twelve dozen adj. strangely distorted so as to arouse fear or laughter; fantastic n. cave, esp one made artificially as a garden shelter v. ~ (derog ) complain n. small dark bird of northern hilly areas, shot for sport and food v. (derog ) ~ (to/before sb) lie or crawl with the face downwards in a show of

v. ~ (of animals or thunder) make a low threatening sound v. ~ sth feel resentful about sth; do or give sth very unwillingly adj. unwilling; reluctant n. simple dish made of oatmeal, etc boiled in milk or water exhausting adj. filling one with horror or disgust; frightful adj. rough; surly v. ~ (about/at/over sth) complain or protest in a bad-tempered way v. (of animals, esp pigs) make a low rough sound from deep in the throat , v. give a noisy laugh

2042 guile 2043 guileless 2044 guise 2045 gull feathers . 2046 gullible 2047 gush 2048 gust 2049 gustatory 2050 gusto 2051 gusty 2052 guy

n. deceit; cunning without deceit n. style of dress n. any of several types of large long-winged sea-bird with usu white and grey or black

adj. willing to believe anything or anyone; easily deceived v. ~ (from sth) flow or pour out suddenly in great quantities n. sudden violent rush of wind affecting the sense of taste n. enthusiastic vigour in doing sth adj. with wind blowing in gusts n. rope or chain used to keep sth steady or secured, eg to hold a tent in place

2053 gyroscope n. device containing a wheel which, when its spins fast, always maintains the same orientation regardless of any movement of the supporting structure, often used in ships' stabilizers

Unit H: 130 2054 habitat 2055 habituate 2056 hackles 2057 hackneyed 2058 haggard n. natural environment of an animal or a plant; home v. ~ sb/oneself to sth accustom sb/oneself to sth n. long feathers on the neck of the domestic cock, etc or hairs on the neck of a dog adj. used so often that it has become trite and dull adj. looking tired and unhappy, esp from worry, lack of sleep, etc

2059 haggle v. ~ (over/about sth) argue (esp about the price, etc when agreeing upon the terms of a sale or other transaction) 2060 hail 2061 halcyon 2062 hale n. frozen rain falling in a shower adj. peaceful and happy adj. hale and `hearty (esp of an old person) strong and healthy

2063 halfhearted 2064 hallowed 2065 hallucination 2066 halting 2067 hamper 2068 handsome 2069 hap 2070 haphazard 2071 hapless 2072 harangue 2073 harass 2074 harbinger 2075 harbor 2076 hardy set apart as sacred n. illusion of seeing or hearing sth when no such thing is actually present

adj. slow and hesitant, as if lacking in confidence n. large basket with a hinged lid, esp one containing food, wine, etc adj. (of men) good-looking chance; luck adj. without plan or order; random adj. unlucky; unfortunate n. long, loud, serious and usu angry speech v. trouble and annoy continually n. ~ (rhet ) person or thing that announces or shows that sb/sth is coming to give shelter or refuge to adj. able to endure cold or difficult conditions; tough, robust

2077 harping [ harp: ] a large triangular plucked stringed instrument consisting of a soundboard connected to an upright pillar by means of a curved crossbar from which the strings extend downwards. 2078 harrow n. heavy frame with metal spikes or discs dragged over ploughed land to break up lumps of earth, cover seeds, etc 2079 harrowing [ harrow: ] any of various implements used to level the ground, stir the soil, break up clods, destroy weeds, etc., in soil 2080 harry 2081 hatch 2082 haughtiness 2083 haunt 2084 haven 2085 havoc 2086 hazard v. annoy (sb) with repeated requests, questions, etc; harass n. opening in a door, floor or ceiling n. Pride; arrogance. v. visit (a place) regularly n. place of safety or rest; refuge n. widespread damage; great destruction n. ~ (thing that can cause) danger; risk

2087 hazardous 2088 hazy 2089 headfirst 2090 headlong 2091 headstrong others; self-willed ; 2092 healthful 2093 healthy 2094 heckler 2095 hedonism 2096 hedonist 2097 heed 2098 heedless 2099 hegemony 2100 heinous 2101 helm 2102 hem 2103 herald 2104 herbivorous 2105 herd 2106 hereafter 2107 heresy 2108 heretic 2109 hermetic 2110 hermitage 2111 herpetologist

adj. dangerous; risky adj. misty with the head foremost; headlong adv, adj with the head first adj. obstinately determined to do things in one's own way without listening to

adj. good for the health adj. having good health; well and able to resist disease n. n. belief that pleasure should be the main aim in life n. believer in hedonism v. pay attention to (advice, etc); take notice of (sth) not noticing; disregarding n. leadership, esp by one state in a group of states adj. very wicked n. handle or wheel for moving the rudder of a ship or boat n. edge of a piece of cloth which has been turned under and sewn or fixed down n. person who made important announcements and carried messages from a ruler adj. feeding on plants n. number of animals, esp cattle, feeding or staying together adv. (in legal documents, etc) from now on; following this , n. belief or opinion that is contrary to what is generally accepted, esp in religion n. person who is guilty of heresy or who supports a heresy adj. tightly closed so that air cannot escape or enter; completely airtight ; n. place where a hermit or a group of hermits lives one that a branch of zoology dealing with reptiles and amphibians

2112 heterodox 2113 heterogeneous 2114 hew 2115 heyday 2116 hiatus 2117 hibernal 2118 hibernate 2119 hide 2120 hideous 2121 hierarchy 2122 hieroglyphic 2123 high-flown 2124 hilarity 2125 hindmost 2126 hindrance 2127 hindsight 2128 hinterlands 2129 hireling 2130 hirsute 2131 historic 2132 historical 2133 histrionic 2134 hive 2135 hoard 2136 hoary

adj. not conforming with accepted standards or beliefs adj. made up of different kinds; varied in composition

v. chop or cut (sth/sb) with an axe, sword, etc n. time of greatest success, prosperity, power, etc n. gap in a series or sequence, making it incomplete; break in continuity ; wintry v. spend the winter in a state like deep sleep v. prevent (sth/sb/oneself) from being seen; put or keep out of sight adj. filling the mind with horror; very ugly; frightful (hideous old mother:bean) n. system with grades of authority or status from the lowest to the highest adj. of or written in hieroglyphs adj. extravagantly grand and pretentious n. loud laughter; great amusement adj. furthest behind n. ~ thing or person that hinders n. wisdom about an event after it has occurred [ hinterland: ] land lying behind something, esp. a coast or the shore of a river n. person whose services may be hired adj. (esp of a man) covered with hair; hairy; shaggy adj. famous or important in history adj. concerning past events adj. very theatrical in manner; excessively dramatic; affected n. (also `beehive) box or other container for bees to live in n. carefully collected and guarded store of money, food or other treasured objects adj. (also hoar) (esp of hair) grey or white with age

2137 hoax 2138 holocaust 2139 holster

n. mischievous trick played on sb for a joke n. large-scale destruction, esp by fire; great loss of human life n. leather case for a pistol, usu fixed to a belt or saddle .

2140 homage n. things said or done to show great respect; tribute to a person or his qualities (used esp with the vs shown) 2141 homely 2142 homeostasis 2143 homespun 2144 homily adj. (approv esp Brit) simple and plain tendency of a system to maintain relative stability adj. made of yarn spun at home n. long and boring talk from sb on the correct way to behave, etc adj. formed of parts that are all of the same type

2145 homogeneous 2146 hone 2147 hoodwink 2148 horde

n. stone used for sharpening the cutting edges of tools, etc v. ~ sb deceive sb; trick sb n. very large group (esp of people); huge crowd; throng

2149 horoscope n. forecast of a person's future based on a diagram showing the relative positions of the planets, etc at a particular time, eg the time of his birth 2150 hortatory 2151 horticultural encouraging; exhortative adj. a horticultural show, society, expert

2152 hostage n. person held as a captive by one or more others who threaten to keep, harm or kill him unless certain demands are met 2153 hostility 2154 hothead 2155 hovel 2156 hover 2157 hubbub 2158 hubris 2159 hue 2160 hull n. ~ being hostile (to sb/sth); antagonism; enmity n. person who often acts too hastily or rashly; impetuous person ; n. small house that is unfit to live in; very poor and squalid dwelling ; v. remain in the air in one place n. loud confused noise, eg of many voices; din ; n. arrogant pride n. colour; variety or shade of colour n. body of a ship

2161 humane 2162 humanitarian by social reform

adj. having or showing sympathy, kindness and understanding adj. concerned with improving the lives of mankind and reducing suffering, esp

2163 humble adj. (of a person or his words or actions) having or showing a low or modest opinion of one's own importance; not proud 2164 humdrum 2165 humid 2166 humility 2167 hummock 2168 humor adj. lacking excitement or variety; dull; monotonous adj. containing moisture; damp n. humble attitude of mind; modesty n. low hill or hump in the ground; hillock ; to soothe or content by indulgence

2169 humus n. rich dark organic material formed by the decay of dead leaves, etc and essential to the fertility of soil 2170 hurl 2171 hurtle 2172 husband 2173 husbandry 2174 hut 2175 hybrid 2176 hydrophobia v. throw violently; fling v. move violently, noisily or with great speed in the specified direction n. man to whom a woman is married n. farming n. small roughly-built house or shelter, usu made of wood or metal , n. animal or plant that has parents of different species or varieties n. abnormal fear of water and of drinking, esp as a symptom of rabies in humans

2177 hygiene n. study and practice of cleanliness as a way of maintaining good health and preventing disease 2178 hyperbole n. exaggeratedstatement that is made for special effect and is not meant to be taken literally, eg I've invited millions of people to my party , 2179 hypercritical 2180 hypnosis person adj. too critical, esp of small faults n. state like deep sleep in which a person's actions may be controlled by another

2181 hypochondriac 2182 hypocritical

n. person who suffers from hypochondria adj. of hypocrisy or a hypocrite

2183 hypothetical 2184 hysteria

adj. of or based on a hypothesis; not necessarily true or real ; n. wild uncontrollable emotion or excitement, with eg laughter, crying or screaming

Unit I: 333 2185 ichthyology 2186 icon study of fish n. painting, carving, etc of a holy person, itself regarded as sacred; pratima, vigraham;

Iconography pratima nirmana sastram 2187 iconoclastic Characterized by attack on established beliefs or institutions; Destructive of images used in religious worship; Iconoclast vigrahalanu dhvamsam chese; saampradayalanu vyatirekinche (It's difficult for opposing captains to plan for such an iconoclastic talent of sehwag) 2188 ideology n. ideas that form the basis of an economic or political theory or that are held by a particular group or person; aalochana dhorani, siddhantam Telangana ideologue jayashankar passes away 2189 idiom n. phrase or sentence whose meaning is not clear from the meaning of its individual words and which must be learnt as a whole unit; give way, a change of heart, be hard put to it 2190 idiosyncrasy n. person's particular way of thinking, behaving, etc that is clearly different from that of others; vipareeta pravartana; (When San Francisco banned single-use plastic bags from big grocery stores in 2007, some dismissed the move as just another idiosyncrasy of the famously progressive city) 2191 idiosyncratic a peculiarity of constitution or temperament:an individualizing characteristic or quality; An unusual individual reaction to food or a drug; vipareeta pravartana gala 2192 idle 2193 idolatry adj. doing or having no work; not employed n. worship of idols

2194 idyll n. short piece of poetry or prose that describes a happy and peaceful scene or event, esp of country life 2195 idyllic adj. like an idyll; peaceful and pleasant; aahlada karamina(Far from the city, she led an idyllic existence in her rural retreat)

Retreat = Move back, A place of privacy 2196 igneous adj. (of rocks) formed by molten matter (esp from volcanoes) that has become solid

Rock types: 1. Igneous rocks formed by volcanic lava 2. Sedimentary rocks formed by sedimentation of material within water bodies 3. Metamorphic rocks formed simply being under earth surface subjected to high temp & pressures 2197 ignite 2198 ignoble v. catch fire adj. not honourable in character or purpose; shameful; (ignoble birth)

2199 ignominious adj. shameful or humiliating; causing disgrace, kalanka poorvakamina, apratishtha poorvakamina, parabhavamina(Raja listed in ignominious list of privileged leaders; The country smarted(=feel sharp pain) under the ignominious defeat and dreamed of the day when it would be victorious) 2200 ignominy shame or humiliation; disgrace; avamanam, apakeerthi, apratistha, parabhavam(suffered the ignominy of being sent to prison) 2201 illicit 2202 illimitable 2203 illuminate 2204 illusion 2205 illusive 2206 illusory 2207 imbalance 2208 imbecility adj. not allowed by law; illegal infinite v. provide with light n. false idea, belief or impression; delusion adjs. based on illusion; deceptive based on or producing illusion:DECEPTIVE n. lack of balance or proportion; inequality n. stupidity; weakness of mind;

Technical meaning: intellectual disability, mental retardation Genious = IQ >135 Cretin = IQ 70-85 Moron = IQ 55-70 Imbecile = IQ 40-55 Idiot = IQ <40 2209 imbibe v. drink (sth, esp alcohol); Receive into the mind and retain; antah soshanam; grahinchu (sponge imbibes water well; The patient must imbibe several liters each day; Imbibe ethical principles)

2210 imbroglio n. complicated, confused or embarrassing situation, esp a political or an emotional one, klista paristhiti(sino-indian border imbroglio) 2211 imbue v. fill or inspire sb/sth with (feelings, etc); Spread or diffuse through; (An atmosphere of distrust has imbued on satya sai trust; imbue the bandage with disinfectant) 2212 immaculate adj. perfectly clean and tidy; spotless;(immaculate white uniform)

2213 imminent adj. about to happen; likely to happen very soon; aasannamavu tuna (could never He never start his work untill the deadline was imminent) 2214 immobility n. state of being immobile

2215 immolate v. kill (sb) as a sacrifice esp by fire; aahuti; (student dies after self-immolation over telangana; invaders immolated the valuables at the temple) 2216 immune adj. that cannot be harmed by a disease or illness, either because of inoculation(=teekalu veyadam) or through natural resistance 2217 immure v. imprison (sb); shut in

2218 immutable adj. that cannot be changed; that will never change; maarani, chedarani (declaring any law to be immutable forever do require a constitutional amendment; immutable laws of nature) 2219 impair v. weaken or damage; lopam, balaheenata (hearing impairment)

2220 impale v. ~ sb/sth pierce sb/sth with a sharp-pointed object; poduchu (impaled by the spear; the enemies impealed and left to die)

bull horn impealed one of the audiences 2221 impalpable adj. that cannot be touched or felt physically; (gravity is abstract and impalpable)

2222 impart v. Transmit smt, Provide a particular quality or character (metals impart heat, impart new skills to the students)

2223 impartial 2224 impassable

adj. not favouring one person or thing more than another; fair or neutral adj. impossible to travel on or over

2225 impasse n. street having dead end; difficult position or situation from which there is no way out; deadlock (reached an impasse on the negotiations) 2226 impassioned 2227 impassive adj. showing strong deep feeling adj. showing no sign of feeling

2228 impeach v. accuse (a public official or politician) of committing a serious crime, esp one against the State; Challenge the honesty or veracity of; abhisamsa, mahabhisamsa (Bill Clinton was impeached in 1998 on the charges of affair with Monica) Impeachment motion = abhisamsana teermanam The President of India can be impeached by the Parliament before the expiry of his term for violation of the Constitution. Other than impeachment, no other penalty can be given to the President for the violation of the Constitution. No Indian President has faced impeachment proceedings. Hence, the provisions for impeachment have never been tested 2229 impeccable 2230 impecunious 2231 impede adj. free from mistakes; excellent or faultless adj. having little or no money v. hinder or obstruct the progress or movement of (impede the progress)

2232 impediment n. person or thing that hinders or obstructs the progress or movement of sth; avarodham (India s political structure is an impediment to local governance) 2233 impel ship) 2234 impending 2235 impenetrable 2236 impenitent v. force or urge sb to do sth; Cause to move forward with force; (steam impels this

adj. about to happen; imminent adj. ~ that cannot be entered, passed through, etc adj. not penitent; not sorry for or ashamed of one's misdoings;

2237 imperative adj. very urgent or important; needing immediate attention N. smt that must be done; atyavasara, tappanisari (non-proliferation of nuclear weapons is imperative for the sake of world peace) 2238 imperceptible 2239 imperial adj. that cannot be noticed or felt because so small, slight or gradual

adj. of an empire or its ruler(s)

Imperium supreme power 2240 imperil v. put sth in danger; endanger; muppu tecchipettu (over fishing and global warming imperil penguins) 2241 imperious adj. proud and arrogant; domineering; expecting obedience (Andy Murray admits his imperious 6-3, 6-1 victory over Andy Roddick in the semifinals) 2242 impermeable adj. not allowing a liquid to pass through

2243 impersonal adj. Not relating to or responsive to individual persons; Having no personal preference or bias (impersonal criticism, an impersonal remark, an impersonal corporation) 2244 impertinent adj. not respectful; rude; Improperly forward or bold; amaryada, avidheyata, posagani; (Jonas had the impertinence to tell his boss that his presence or absence did not make any difference to the office; impertinent of the child to give lectures to ealders) 2245 imperturbable 2246 impervious adj. not easily troubled or worried; calm adj. not allowing water, gas, etc to pass through

2247 impetuous adj. acting or done quickly and with little thought or care; rash or impulsive without any thought of consequences; anaalochitam aina, (an impetuous decision to marry him; Paul's decision to invest all his money in real estate business was an impetuous one. The prices of real estate appreciating till then took a sudden dip and Paul sustained a sudden and heavy loss) 2248 impetus n. thing that encourages a process to develop more quickly; protsaham, prerana (A force that moves something along) 2249 impiety n. lack of respect, esp for God and religion,

2250 impinge v. infringe; touch; collide with; (Earth-impinging meteor-showers; How could they be married without impinging on one another's freedom?, brain recognizes sound when sound waves impinge on eardrum, do not impinge on my freedom) 2251 impious 2252 implacable adj. showing a lack of respect, esp for God and religion; not pious , adj. that cannot be placated

2253 implausible adj. Highly imaginative but unlikely; unlikely to be true; not convincing; namma sakyam kaani, (Though her alibi seemed implausible, it in fact turned out to be true) 2254 implement 2255 implicate crime) 2256 implication n. tool or instrument v. show that sb is involved in sth, esp a crime; irikinchu; ( he was implicated in the

n. thing that is suggested or implied; thing not openly stated

2257 implicit 2258 implode 2259 implore chance) 2260 imply 2261 impolitic

adj. implied, but not expressed directly; not explicit v. burst or collapse inwards; (vaccum bulb implodes) v. ask or beg earnestly; beseech; yaachinchu, (He implored her to give him a second

v. suggest (sth) indirectly rather than state it directly; hint adj. not wise; not politic

2262 imponderable adj. of which the effect or importance cannot be measured or estimated; anchana veyaleni, anoohya reetilo(these are life s most imponderables qs and difficult to answer) 2263 import country 2264 importunate 2265 importune demand insistently v. ~ sth ~ sth (into...) bring (goods, ideas, etc) from a foreign country into one's own

adj. persistent, esp in making requests or demands v. ~ sb (for sth) ask sb persistently (for sth), usu in an annoying manner; beg or

2266 imposture n. the act or an instance of deceiving others, esp by assuming a false identity; maaru vesham kattu ( you are an imposture, you will be destroyed, you will never get salvation he cursed the man) 2267 impotent 2268 impoverish adj. unable to take effective action; powerless or helpless v. make poor

2269 imprecation n. The act of calling down a curse that invokes evil; sapanardham, chivatlu (he suffered the imprecations of the mob) 2270 impregnable adj. so strong and well-constructed that it cannot be entered or captured (impregnable self-confidence) 2271 impregnate v. ~ sth cause (one substance) to be filled in every part with another substance; saturate sth (impregnated paper) 2272 impromptu adj. An extemporaneous speech or remark; (an impromptu speech; Her listeners were amazed that such a thorough presentation could be made in an impromptu speech) Extemporaneous vs impromptu 2273 impropriety n. indecent or unsuitable behaviour; The condition of being improper(Because of the impropriety of his costume, he was denied entrance into the dining room) 2274 improvident adj. not preparing for future needs; thriftless; doora drusti leni

2275 improvise v. compose or play (music), speak or act without previous preparation(we had to improvise for weeks after the hurricane destroyed our house; We will have to improvise in our negotiations if it does not go according to our plan) Improve: improving, improves, improved Improvise: improvising, improvises, improvised 2276 imprudent 2277 impudence adj. not wise or discreet; not prudent n. impudent behaviour or speech

Impudent = Improperly forward or bold, impertinent Impudence and impertinence in colleges are generally used in detention letters. 2278 impugn v. express doubts about (sth) of its validity; gainsay; (You may impugn the thesis directly, by proving it's contrary or contradictory) 2279 impuissance n. lack of power or effectiveness; weakness (they accused America's most antiSoviet president of impuissance) 2280 impunity n. with freedom from punishment or injury (The drivers of these buses have for long been accused of speeding, overtaking and breaking traffic rules with impunity; Even as police vehicles and redlight wielding cars of dignitaries break traffic rules with impunity, the common man shells out hefty fines and keeps the police coffers full) 2281 impute v. put the responsibility for sth on sb/sth; attribute sth to sb/sth; aapadinchu, aaropinchu (People impute great cleverness to cats; The teacher imputed the student's failure to his nervousness) 2282 inadvertently adv. by accident; unintentionally, anukokunda, porapatuga(he inadvertently deleted the references; the author inadvertently reveals the murderer in the penultimate chapter) 2283 inalienable adj. that cannot be taken away; nontransferable; badili cheyaleni, anyakrantam cheyaleni (inalienable rights given by a democratic constitution; He cannot sell the house because it is an inalienable property) 2284 inamorata masc. inamorato; the lady with whom u r in love or having intimate relationship;

2285 inane adj. without meaning; silly or stupid; (Mel made a few inane comments about the importance of chewing only on the left side of one's mouth) 2286 inanimate adj. not alive, esp in the way that humans and animals are; nouns of non living things ex. Car, bus (an inanimate body, inanimate objects) 2287 inarticulate adj. unable to express one's words, ideas or feelings clearly

2288 inaugurate 2289 incandescent 2290 incantation

v. introduce (a new public official or leader) at a special ceremony adj. glowing or shining when heated n. series of words used as a magic spell or charm; mantrochaarana

2291 incapacitate v. Make unable to perform a certain action; Injure permanently (incapacitate this command on your computer; He was incapacitated in a car accident) In 2002, Chechen terrorists took a large number of hostages in the Moscow theatre siege, and threatened to blow up the entire theatre if any attempt was made to break the siege. An incapacitating agent was used to disable the terrorists whilst the theatre was stormed by special forces. However, the incapacitating agent, unknown at that time but later revealed to be a fentanyl derivative. 2292 incarcerate v. (fml) lock up or confine, in or as in a jail; khaidu cheyu; (the murderer was incarcerated for the rest of his life) 2293 incarnate adj. in the physical form of a human being; personified; avatarinchu, maanava roopam dalchu (Your attitude is so fiendish that you must be a devil incarnate) 2294 incarnation n. person that prominently displays a particular quality

2295 incendiary adj. Capable of catching fire spontaneously or causing fires or burning readily; (an incendiary agent, Improvised incendiary devices sometimes more deadly than IEDs); arousing to action or rebellion(an incendiary speech given by Advani) 2296 incense ceremonies n. substance that produces a pleasant smell when burnt, used esp in religious

incese sticks 2297 incentive 2298 inception 2299 incessant n. thing that encourages sb to do sth; stimulus n. start or beginning of sth adj. not stopping; continual

2300 inchoate adj. rudimentary ; just begun and therefore not fully formed or developed; asampoorna, asthira, kottaga modalu pettina(Before the Creation, the world was an inchoate mass); 2301 incidence n. sth extent to which sth happens or has an effect

2302 incident 2303 incidental

n. event or happening,often of minor importance adj. small and relatively unimportant; minor

2304 incinerate v. destroy completely by burning; burn to ashes; bhasmeekaranam cheyu, kalchi boodida cheyu (the paper with chemical coating incinerated quickly, incinerate the garbage) incinerators devices used for cremation 2305 incipient tumor) adj. in its early stages; beginning to happen; aarambha dasa lo vunna, (an incipient

2306 incisive adj. showing clear and precise expression; sharp or cutting (incisive intelligence is sharp intelligence; Einstein s incisive brain helped him to propose relativity theory)

location of incisive teeth 2307 incite v. urge or persuade sb to do sth by making him very angry or excited; prerepinchu, usi golpu(incite riots) 2308 inclement 2309 incline 2310 inclined 2311 inclusive adj. cold and stormy; bad (the Houston office is closed due to inclement weather) v. ~ towards sth lean or slope in the direction of sth adj. ~ wanting to behave in a particular way; disposed adj. including sth; including much or all

2312 incognito adj. adv with one's true identity hidden; in disguise (The monarch enjoyed traveling through the town incognito and mingling with the populace) 2313 incoherent 2314 incommodious 2315 incompatible adj. not clear or logical; adj. uncomfortable, usu because too small; inconvenient; adj. not able to live or work happily with sb

2316 incongruity n. state of being incongruous; Lacking in harmony, compatibility or appropriateness (a joke that was incongruous with polite conversation) 2317 inconsequential adj. trivial or irrelevant; not important or unworthy; (his work seems trivial and inconsequential) 2318 inconsistency n. being inconsistent; Not in agreement

2319 incontinent adj. unable to control the bladder or bowels in passing waste matter from the body; Not having control over urination and defecation 2320 incontrovertible adj. so obvious and certain that it cannot be disputed or denied 2321 incorporate 2322 incorporeal incorporeal spirit) 2323 incorrigible 2324 incredulity 2325 incredulous 2326 increment 2327 incriminate v. ~ sth (in/into sth) make sth part of a whole; include adj. without a body or material form; kanapadani, pratyaksham kani (an

adj. that cannot be corrected or improved a tendency to disbelief adj. not willing or able to believe; showing disbelief n. increase, esp in money paid as a salary; added amount v. make appear to be guilty of wrongdoing; Bring an accusation against

When someone incriminates you they make it appear that you are involved in a wrong doing. Incriminating documents are documents which show your involvement in a crime. Incriminating evidence shows your connection with a crime. 2328 incrustation n. formation of a hard outer covering; encrusting; (The incrustation on the iron cover of the tank made it insulated against electricity) 2329 incubate 2330 incubus v. keep (eggs) warm, usu by sitting on them, until they hatch; podugu n. male evil spirit formerly supposed to have sex with a sleeping woman

X succubus = female demon believed to have sexual intercourse with sleeping men 2331 inculcate v. (fml ) fix (ideas, principles, etc) firmly in sb's mind, esp by repetition

2332 incumbent adj. Currently holding an office; Necessary (for someone) as a duty or responsibility; morally binding; adhikaram lo vunna (the incumbent governer) 2333 incur v. cause oneself to suffer (sth bad); bring upon oneself; be subject to analysis(People who smoke incur a great danger to their health; His parents refused to pay any future debts he might incur) 2334 incursion n. The act of entering some territory or domain; sudden attack on or invasion of a place (not usu made in order to occupy it permanently); chorabatu, akasmat daadi (the incursion of television into the American living room; 2335 indecision n. state of being unable to decide; hesitation; a lack of firmness of character or purpose; nirnayam teesukoleni stithi, anischiti (govt Indecision Delays Delivery Of Transport Aircraft for Indian border security) 2336 indecisive war) 2337 indefatigable adj. Not definitely settling something; Not clearly defined (a long and indecisive

adj. never giving up or stopping in spite of tiredness or difficulty; tireless

2338 indelible adj. that cannot be rubbed out or removed; maruvaleni, teey leni; (an indelible memory; an indelible stain) 2339 indemnity v. protection against loss or damage; nasta pariharam, nasta pooranam (by paying money for the loss or damage caused), compensation paid for loss or damage; Protection against future loss (A company indemnifies its customers if they suffer any loss or damage by using the company s products or services, by paying them money as compensation; insurance company indemnifies for the damages incurred to the vehicles of policy holders) 2340 indentation n. concave cut into a surface or edge; The formation of small pits in a surface as a consequence of corrosion

chest indentation 2341 indenture v. contract sb to work as an apprentice; (an indentured servent = vetti chakiri, vetti chakiri chese pani vadu; Indian indenture system); A concave cut into a surface or edge;

2342 indeterminate 2343 indicative 2344 indices

adj. not fixed or exact; vague; indefinite

adj. stating a fact or asking questions of fact pl of index

2345 indict v. accuse sb officially (of sth); charge sb; neram mopu (When they find a sufficient ground to indict, the case is transferred to the court) 2346 indifferent adj. having no interest in sb/sth; neither for nor against sb/sth; not caring about sb/sth (As she has no intention to marry she acted indifferent to him) 2347 indigence 2348 indigenous 2349 indigent n. poverty adj. ~ (fml ) belonging naturally (to a place); native adj. poor

2350 indignation n. anger caused by sth thought to be unjust, unfair, etc; (He felt indignation at the ill-treatment of the helpless animals) 2351 indignity n. rude or unworthy treatment causing shame or loss of respect

2352 indiscriminate adj. ~ (in sth) acting without careful judgement; promiscuous; vivechana leni, vicchala vidi (indiscriminate hunting of sharks and dolphins; indiscriminate bombing) 2353 indisputable 2354 indissoluble 2355 indite adj. that cannot be disputed or denied adj. that cannot be dissolved or broken up; firm and lasting write; compose (He indited four novels)

2356 indoctrinate v. ~ sb (usu derog ) cause sb to have (a particular set of beliefs), esp by teaching which excludes any other points of view; Teach doctrines to; teach uncritically; siddhantalanu manasuki ekkinchu (Indoctrinate indian public on virtues of nuclear power; He published a book Naya Islam and sought to indoctrinate Indian war prisnors with anti British ideas) 2357 indolence 2358 indolent 2359 indomitable 2360 indubitable 2361 induce 2362 induct member of sth laziness adj. lazy; inactive ; adj. that cannot be subdued or defeated; unyielding adj. that cannot be doubted; without doubt ; v. persuade or influence (sb) to do sth v. ~ sb install sb formally or with ceremony in a position or an office; admit sb as a

2363 inductive 2364 indulge 2365 indulgent 2366 industrious 2367 inebriate

adj. based on induction v. ~ oneself/sb (with sth) allow oneself/sb to have whatever one/he likes or wants adj. inclined to indulge adj. hard-working; diligent ; adj. n habitually drunk (person), A chronic drinker

2368 inebriated adj. drunk; intoxicated; mattu ekkina, maikam kammina (He was inebriated by his phenomenal success) 2369 inebriety alcohol habitual intoxication; A temporary state resulting from excessive consumption of

2370 ineffable adj. too great to be described in words; varnanaa tetam aina; maatallo cheppaleni; anirvacha neeya; (Such ineffable joy must be experienced; it cannot be described) 2371 ineffectual adj. lacking confidence and unable to get things done; not effective; (the campaign has become ineffectual because of his speech) 2372 ineluctable destiny) X Elude 2373 inept 2374 inequity 2375 inerrancy 2376 inert 2377 inertia 2378 inestimable 2379 inevitable adj. ~ (at sth/doing sth) completely unskilful (at sth) n. injustice or unfairness (christianity) exemption from error adj. without power to move or act n. lack of vigour; lethargy adj. too great, precious, etc to be estimated adj. that cannot be avoided; that is sure to happen adj. that cannot be escaped from; tappinchukoleni; (ineluctable fate; ineluctable

2380 inexorable adj. continuing unstoppably; relentless; (Russia's final hour, it seemed, approached with inexorable certainty; inexorable population growth) 2381 inextricable adj. so closely linked that separation is impossible; vidadeeya leni; vidipincha leni, rakshincha leni; (an inextricable knot; some branches of sciences are inextricably related) 2382 infallible adj. incapable of making mistakes or doing wrong

2383 infamous 2384 infantile 2385 infer

adj. ~ well-known as being wicked or immoral; notorious adj. of infants or infancy v. ~ sth (from sth) reach (an opinion) from facts or reasoning; conclude sth

2386 infernal adj. of hell, devilish (infernal noise, infernal heat, They could think of no way to hinder his infernal scheme) 2387 infest To be present in such numbers as to be a source of annoyance, trouble, or danger (red triangle in pacific ocen is shark infested; the roaches infested our kitchen) 2388 infidel n. person with no belief in a religion, esp in what is considered to be the true religion; A person who does not acknowledge your god Gentile N. Belonging to or characteristic of non-Jewish peoples, v. A Christian as contrasted with a Jew Heathen - Not acknowledging the God of Christianity and Judaism and Islam Pagan - A person who follows a pre-Christian religion (not a Christian or Muslim or Jew) 2389 infiltrate 2390 infinitesimal 2391 infirmity 2392 inflated 2393 influx v. ~ (into sth) (of liquids, gases, etc) pass slowly by filtering; penetrate adj. extremelysmall n. weakness; The state of being weak in health or body (especially from old age) adj. filled with air, gas, etc n. ~ arrival of people or things, esp suddenly and in large numbers or quantities

(new) informed adj. Having much knowledge or education, V. communicate information (He is very informed journalist, what an uninformed comments about the life of Indians in Arab) 2394 infraction n. A crime less serious than a felony; breaking of a rule, law, etc (he was suspended from the college because of his infractions of school regulations) 2395 infringe 2396 ingenious complex problems v. break (a rule, an agreement, etc) adj. ~ (at sth/doing sth) (of a person) clever at finding new or simple solutions for

Ingenuity property of being ingenious 2397 ingenue n. simple innocent girl, esp as portrayed in plays, films, etc

2398 ingenuous adj. not attempting to deceive or conceal; open; innocent (an ingenuous admission of responsibility; condoms usage for ingenuous purposes like ballons, toys etc)

2399 ingrained

adj. deeply fixed; thorough

2400 ingrate N. A person who shows no gratitude; krutagnata leni (That ingrate Bob sneered at the tie I gave him) 2401 ingratiate get someone s favor (by doing things they like or by flattering them) kaka pattu (Chandrababu s Babli protest is an attempt to ingratiate himself in the hearts of voters here; 2402 inherent adj. ~ existing as a natural or permanent feature or quality of sb/sth

2403 inhibit v. ~ sb prevent sb from doing sth that should be natural or easy to do; prohibit, restrain; aapu, nirodhinchu, niyantrinchu (India beat Pakistan by 29 runs and the victory was celebrated without inhibition by a euphoric crowd; The sculptures Khajuraho are truly beautiful, executed with a joy, fluidity and lack of inhibition that is rarely to be found in modern India) Inhibit vs Prohibit: Inhibit is associated with internal control and prohibit with external control Most dogs need to learn to control or inhibit their behavior Government Says it Will Prohibit Mining in the Flathead Inhabit = Be an inhabitant of (the people inhabited the islands) Cohabit = people live together who are not married 2404 inhibited spontaneous way adj. (of people) unable to relax or express one's feelings in a natural and

2405 inimical adj. ~ (fml ) unfriendly; hostile; pratikoolamina (Free trade pact with EU inimical to India's interests; an inimical critic; She felt that they were inimical and were hoping for her downfall) 2406 inimitable adj. impossible to imitate; too good, clever, etc to imitate

2407 iniquitous adj. very wicked or unjust; anyaya pooritamina, dusta (I cannot approve of the iniquitous methods you used to gain your present position) 2408 initiate 2409 injurious v. put (a scheme, etc) into operation; cause (sth) to begin adj. ~ (to sb/sth) causing or likely to cause injury; harmful

2410 inkling n. hint; slight knowledge (of sth secret or not previously known); (This came as a complete surprise to me as I did not have the slightest inkling of your plans) 2411 innate 2412 innocuous 2413 innovation adj. in one's nature; possessed from birth adj. causing no harm n. innovating

2414 innuendo n. (derog) indirect reference (usu suggesting sth bad or discreditable about sb); insinuation (I can defend myself against direct accusations; innuendos and oblique attacks on my character are what trouble me) 2415 inopportune adj. not appropriate or convenient

2416 inordinate adj. beyond proper or normal limits; excessive; mitimeerina, amitamina ( inordinate delay; a book of inordinate length; inordinate number of accidents in Mascow) 2417 inquisitive 2418 inquisitor adj. fond of inquiring into other people's affairs n. investigator, esp an officer of the Inquisition

2419 inroad n. ~ (into sth) sudden attack on another's territory; raid; An encroachment or intrusion; chochukoni povu, duraakramana cheyu (they made inroads in the United States market) 2420 insalubrious 2421 insatiable 2422 inscrutable 2423 insensate 2424 insensible adj. unhealthy adj. ~ that cannot be satisfied; very greedy adj. that cannot be understood or known; mysterious adj. without the power to feel or experience adj. unconscious as the result of injury, illness, etc

2425 insidious adj. spreading or acting gradually and unnoticed but with harmful effects; kanapadakunda vistarinche pramada hetuvu (glaucoma is an insidious disease; miners are exposed to insidious entry of silicon into their lungs casing serious lung disorders. They begin to feel the symptoms rather late) 2426 insightful adj. showing insight

2427 insinuate v. ~ sth suggest sth (to sb) unpleasantly and indirectly (The salary hikes given insinuates that this company doesn t encourage talent; by saying that she is more wealthy than pretty insinuates that he married her for money) 2428 insipid 2429 insolence liberties 2430 insolvent adj. having almost no taste or flavor; chappani n. ~ being insolent; The trait of being rude and impertinent; inclined to take

adj. unable to pay debts; bankrupt; (an insolvent estate)

(law)a person s liabilities (debts) exceeds their assets, commonly referred to as 'balance-sheet' insolvency; 2431 insomnia n. inability to sleep

2432 insouciant lighthearted unconcern:NONCHALANCE; indifferent (Your insouciant attitude at such a critical moment indicates that you do not understand the gravity of the situation) Insouciance - The cheerful feeling you have when nothing is troubling you, pattinchukoni tanam 2433 instigate v. cause to begin or happen; initiate; puri kolpu(instigate a riot)(never underestimate morons, they have superpower to instigate you) 2434 institute purpose 2435 institution n. society or organization for a special (usu social, professional or educational)

the act of instituting

2436 institutionalize to subject to the deleterious effects of confinement in an institution 2437 insubordinate adj. disobedient; rebellious ;

2438 insubordination n. being insubordinate 2439 insubstantial adj. lacking substance; not solid or real; imaginary(His hopes for a career in acting proved insubstantial; no one would cast him, even in an insubstantial role) 2440 insularity n. state of being insular; The state of being isolated or detached; dveepam laga veruga vundatam; chandasa bhavam ( You show insularity when you are interested in your own group, your own country, your own ideas, your own way of life, etc. If you have insularity you are suspicious about any thing foreign.(I nsularity makes the people of the place rather unfriendly to foreigners; China s insularity vs India s insecurity) 2441 insuperable 2442 insurgent adj. (of difficulties) that cannot be overcome adj. in revolt; rebellious

2443 insurmountable adj. (of obstacles, difficulties, etc) that cannot be overcome 2444 insurrection n. sudden,usu violent, action taken by the population to try to remove the government; tirugubatu(People's uprising now becoming an insurrection in Syria; army insurrection = saayudha tirugubatu) 2445 intangible 2446 integral adj. that cannot be clearly or definitely understood or grasped; indefinable adj. ~ necessary for completeness

2447 integrate v. ~ sth (into sth); ~ A and B/~ A with B combine sth in such a way that it becomes fully a part of sth else 2448 integrity n. quality of being honest and morally upright

2449 intellect

n. power of the mind to reason and acquire knowledge

2450 intelligentsia n. the intelligentsia those people within a community who areof high intelligence and concern themselves with mattersof culture, learning, etc; intellectuals as a class ; 2451 inter 2452 interdict 2453 interim 2454 interjection !!! v. (fml ) put (a corpse) in a grave or tomb; bury v. (esp law ) prohibit (an action); forbid the use of (sth) ; n. in the interimduring the time that comes between; meantime n. word or phrase used as an exclamation (eg Oh!, Hurray! or For goodness sake!) ,

2455 interloper n. person who is present in a place where he does not belong, interferes in sth which is not his affair, etc; intruder 2456 intermediary 2457 interminable 2458 intermittent 2459 internecine 2460 interpolate n. ~ person who acts as a means of communication between two or more others adj. going on too long, and usu therefore annoying or boring adj. continually stopping and then starting again; not constant adj. causing destruction to both sides v. ~ sth (fml ) make (a remark, etc) which interrupts a conversation, speech, etc

2461 interregnum n. period when a state has no normal or lawful ruler, esp at the end of a sovereign's reign and before the appointment of a successor 2462 interrogate v. ~ sb question sb aggressively or closely and for a long time

2463 intersperse v. ~ B among/between/in/throughout A; ~ A with B vary sth by placing other things at irregular intervals among it 2464 interstice 2465 intervene 2466 intimate 2467 intimidate 2468 intolerant 2469 intoxicate 2470 intractable n. ~ (of/between/in sth) (fml ) very small gap or crack v. (of time) come or be between adj. ~ having or being a very close and friendly relationship v. ~ sb frighten sb (in order to make him do sth) adj. not tolerant To make drunk. adj. not easily controlled or dealt with; hard to manage

2471 intransigence X acquiesce

state of stubborn; unwillingness to compromise;

Abstemious: indulgent :: intransigent:acquiesce, autere:decorate

2472 intrepid 2473 intrigue

adj. fearless; brave v. ~ (against sb) make and carry out secret plans or plots to do sth bad;

Intriguingly = aasakti karam ga, chamatkaram ga 2474 intrinsic 2475 intrinsically 2476 introspective adj. belonging naturally; existing within, not coming from outside adv: He is not intrinsically bad adj. inclined to introspect

2477 introvert n. person who is more interested in his own thoughts and feelings than in things outside himself, and is often shy and unwilling to speak or join in activities with others 2478 intrude v. ~ on/upon sb/sth; ~ (oneself/sth) into sth (esp fml ) put (oneself/sth) into a place or situation where one/it is unwelcome or unsuitable 2479 intuition n. (power of) understanding things (eg a situation, sb's feelings) immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning or study 2480 inundate 2481 inured 2482 invalid 2483 invalidate 2484 invective 2485 inveigh 2486 inveigle and deception 2487 inverse 2488 invert 2489 inveterate continue v. ~ sth(fml ) cover sth with water by overflowing; flood accustomed to/adapted adj. not properly based or able to be upheld by reasoning v. make invalid n. violent attack in words; abusive language v. ~ against sb/sth attack sb or sth violently in words v. ~ sb into sth/doing sth persuade sb to go somewhere or do sth by using flattery

adj. reversed in position, direction or relation v. put upside down or in the opposite order, position or arrangement adj. (of bad feelings, habits, etc) that have lasted a long time and seem likely to

2490 invidious 2491 invincible

adj. likely to cause resentment or unpopularity adj. too strong to be overcome or defeated; ajeya, odinchaleni;

Invisible = hard or impossible to see 2492 inviolable 2493 invocation 2494 invoke 2495 invulnerable 2496 iota 2497 irascible 2498 irate 2499 iridescent 2500 irksome 2501 ironic adj. that must not be violated or dishonoured => invoke v. use (sth) as a reason for one's action adj. ~ that cannot be wounded, hurt or damaged by attack

n. the Greek letter I, i I, i adj. (of a person) easily made angry adj. angry adj. showing colours like those of the rainbow adj. tiresome; annoying adj. using or expressing irony; full of irony

2502 irony n. expression of one's meaning by saying the direct opposite of one's thoughts in order to be emphatic, amusing, sarcastic, etc 2503 irreconcilable adj. ~ (with sb/sth) (of people) that cannot be reconciled 2504 irrefutable 2505 irrelevant 2506 irremediable 2507 irreparable 2508 irrepressible adj. that cannot be proved false adj. ~ not connected (with sth); not relevant (to sth) adj. that cannot be remedied or corrected adj. that cannot be put right, restored or repaired adj. that cannot be held back or controlled

2509 irreproachable adj. freefrom blame or fault 2510 irresolute 2511 irretrievable 2512 irreverence things. adj. feeling or showing uncertainty; hesitating ; adj. that cannot be retrieved or remedied The quality showing or expressing a deficiency of veneration, especially for sacred

2513 irreverent 2514 irrevocable

adj. feeling or showing no respect for sacred things adj. that cannot be changed or revoked; final

2515 isotope n. one of two or more forms of a chemical element with different atomic weight and different nuclear properties but the same chemical properties 2516 isthmus n. narrow strip of land joining two larger areas of land that would otherwise be separated by water 2517 itinerant 2518 itinerary adj. travelling from place to place n. plan for, or record of, a journey; route (itinerary plan of India trip)

Unit J: 39 2519 jab v. ~ (at sb/sth) (with sth); ~ sb/sth (with sth) poke or push at sb/sth roughly, usu with sth sharp or pointed 2520 jabber 2521 jaded v. ~ talk rapidly in what seems to be a confused manner adj. tired and lacking zest, usu after too much of sth

2522 jargon n. technical or specialized words used by a particular group of people and difficult for others to understand 2523 jaundice n. disease caused by an excess of bile in the blood which makes the skin and the whites of the eyes become abnormally yellow 2524 jaundiced 2525 jaunt 2526 jaunty adj. affected by jealousy, spite, etc; bitter n. short journey, made for pleasure adj. feeling or showing cheerfulness and self-confidence; sprightly

2527 jeopardize put in danger; (ecological and social choices made today must not jeopardize the rights or well-being of future citizens) 2528 jeopardy 2529 jest 2530 jetsam up ashore ; n. in jeopardy in danger of harm, loss or destruction n. thing said or done to cause amusement; joke ; n. goods thrown overboard from a ship in distress to lighten it; such goods washed

2531 jettison 2532 jibe

v. throw or eject from a ship in distress, or from an aeroplane, a spacecraft, etc to be in accord: AGREE

2533 jingoism n. extreme and unreasonable belief that one's own country is best, together with a warlike attitude towards other countries 2534 jingoist 2535 jocose 2536 jocular 2537 jocund 2538 jollity 2539 jostle 2540 jovial 2541 jubilation 2542 judiciary 2543 judicious 2544 jug 2545 juggernaut 2546 jumble 2547 juncture n. person who has such a belief adj. humorous; playful ; adj. meant as a joke; humorous adj. merry; cheerful ; n. state of being jolly v. ~ push roughly against (sb), usu in a crowd adj. very cheerful and good-humoured; merry n. great happiness, esp because of a success n. judges of a country collectively adj. showing or havinggood sense n. (US pitcher) deep vessel, with a handle and a lip, for holding and pouring liquids n. very large articulated lorry to mix into a confused or disordered mass n. at this juncture (fml ) at a particular, esp important, stage in a series of events

2548 junket n. sweet custard-like pudding made of milk curdled with rennet, and often sweetened and flavoured , 2549 junta revolution 2550 juridical 2551 jurisdiction legal authority 2552 jurisprudence n. group, esp of military officers, who rule a country after taking power by force in a

adj. of law or legal proceedings n. authority to carry out justice and to interpret and apply laws; right to exercise

n. science or philosophy of law

2553 juxtapose contrast Unit K: 18

v. place (people or things) side by side or very close together, esp to show a

2554 kaleidoscope n. toy consisting of a tube containing small loose pieces of coloured glass, etc and mirrors which reflect these to form changing patterns when the tube is turned 2555 ken 2556 kernel 2557 killjoy 2558 kindle 2559 kindred 2560 kinetic 2561 kismet n. beyond/outside one's ken not within one's range of knowledge n. soft and usu edible part inside a nut or fruit stone . n. person who spoils the enjoymentof others v. catch fire n. family relationship adj. of or produced by movement n. destiny; fate ; n. person suffering from kleptomania ; . adj

2562 kleptomaniac 2563 knack 2564 knave 2565 knavery 2566 knead 2567 kneel knee(s) 2568 knell

n. skill at performing some special task; ability n. = jack1 4 n. dishonesty; trickery ; v. press and stretch with the hands to form a firm smooth paste v. =>Usage at dream dream. ~ (down) go down on one or both knees; rest on the

n. sound of a bell rung slowly after a death or at a funeral

2569 knit v. ~ sth (for sb) make (a garment or fabric) by forming wool, silk, etc yarn into connecting loops, either by hand (using long needles) or on a machine 2570 knoll 2571 knotty 2572 kudos n. small round hill or mound adj. (of timber) full of knots n. honour and glory; credit1(

Unit 14: Unit L: 136 2573 labile readily or continually undergoing chemical, physical, or biological change or breakdown: UNSTABLE 2574 laborious 2575 labyrinth to find one's way 2576 lace 2577 lacerate 2578 laceration 2579 lachrymose 2580 lackadaisical 2581 lackluster 2582 laconic 2583 lag 2584 laggard 2585 lagoon 2586 laity 2587 lambaste 2588 lament 2589 lampoon 2590 lance head 2591 lancet 2592 languid adj. needing much effort n. complicated network of winding passages, paths, etc through which it is difficult

n. delicate fabric with an ornamental openwork design of threads v. injure by tearing n. tearing of the flesh adj. in the habit of weeping; tearful; mournful adj. lacking vigour and determination; unenthusiastic lacking brilliance or vitality ; lacking luster or shine adj. using few words; terse v. ~ (behind sb/sth); ~ (behind) go too slow; fail to keep pace with others n. person who lags behind n. salt-water lake separated from the open sea by sandbanks or coral reefs n. the laity all the members of a Church who are not ordained clergymen; laymen ; v. hit (sb) hard and repeatedly; thrash ; v. ~ (for/over sb/sth) feel or express great sorrow or regret for (sb/sth) n. piece of writing that attacks and ridicules a person, a book, an institution, etc n. weapon used for catching fish, etc with a long wooden shaft and a pointed steel

n. sharp pointed two-edged surgical instrument used for opening abscesses, etc adj. lacking vigour or energy; slow-moving

2593 languish v. Lose vigor, health, or flesh, as through grief; neerasinchu, utsaham kolpovu (After her husband died, she just languished); Have a desire for something or someone who is not

present; taapatrayapadu (She languished for a cigarette); Become feeble; kottumittadu (The prisoner has been languishing for years in the dungeon) (A bizarre object found in the tomb of an ancient Egyptian architect is being argued as the world s first known protractor. For over 100 years, it has languished while archaeologists debated its function. Now, a physicist arguing it as a protractor based on the numbers encoded within the carvings on its surface) 2594 languor 2595 lank 2596 lap 2597 larceny 2598 larder 2599 largess 2600 lascivious 2601 lassitude n. tiredness or laziness of mind and body; listlessness ; adj. straight and limp n. area formed by the upper part of a seated person's thighs n. (instance of) theft of personal goods n. cupboard or small room used for storing food n. generous giving of money or gifts, esp to sb of lower rank or status adj. feeling, expressing or causing sexual desire n. tiredness of mind or body

2602 latch n. fastening for a gate or door, consisting of a bar that is lifted from its catch, groove, hole, etc by a lever 2603 latent 2604 lateral 2605 latitude 2606 laud 2607 laudable 2608 laudatory 2609 lavish 2610 lax 2611 laxative 2612 layman 2613 leash 2614 leaven adj. existing but not yet active, developed or visible adj. of, at, from or towards the side n. distance of a place north or south of the equator, measured in degrees . v. praise (sb/sth); glorify adj. deserving praise; praiseworthy adj. expressing or giving praise adj. ~ ~ (in doing sth) giving or producing generously or in large quantities adj. not sufficiently strict or severe; negligent n, adj causing or helping the bowels to empty n. person who does not have an expert knowledge of a subject n. = lead n. substance used to make dough rise before it is baked to make bread

2615 leave-taking 2616 lechery 2617 lectern 2618 leery 2619 leeway 2620 legacy 2621 legato 2622 legend 2623 legerdemain 2624 legislature

n. act of saying goodbye n. excessive interest in sexual pleasure n. high sloping desk made to hold a lecturer's notes, a Bible in church, etc

adj. ~ (infml ) wary; suspicious n. amount of freedom to move, change, etc that is left to sb n. money or property left to sb in a will adj. adv (to be played) in a smooth even manner n. story handed down from the past, esp one that may not be true n. skilful performance of tricks using the hands; juggling; conjuring ; n. body of people with the power to make and change laws

2625 leniency mercifulness as a consequence of being lenient or tolerant ; a disposition to yield to the wishes of someone 2626 leonine 2627 lethal 2628 lethargic 2629 levee 2630 levitate 2631 levity 2632 levy 2633 lewd adj. of or like a lion adj. causing or able to cause death adj. Hot weather makesme lethargic n. assembly of visitors, esp at a formal reception v. rise and float in the air, esp by means of supernatural powers n. lack of proper seriousness or respect v. ~ sth (on sb) collect (a payment, etc) by authority or force; impose sth adj. treating sexual matters in a vulgar or indecent way n. person who compiles dictionaries

2634 lexicographer 2635 lexicon 2636 liability 2637 liaison 2638 libel 2639 libelous

n. dictionary, esp of an ancient language , n. ~state of being liable n. communicationand co-operation between units of an organization n. false written or printed statement that damages sb's reputation defamatory; injurious to the good name of a person

2640 libertine 2641 libidinous 2642 libido 2643 libretto 2644 license 2645 licentious

n. man who lives an irresponsible and immoral life adj. having or showing strong sexual feelings; lustful ; n. (psychology ) emotional energy or urge, esp sexual n. words that are sung and spoken in an opera or musical play v. give a licence to adj. disregardingthe rules of behaviour, esp in sexual matters

2646 lien n. ~ (on/upon sth) right to keep sb's property until a debt owed in connection with it (for repair, transport, etc) is paid , 2647 ligneous 2648 lilliputian 2649 limber 2650 limbo 2651 limn 2652 limp 2653 limpid 2654 lineage 2655 lineaments 2656 linger 2657 linguistic 2658 lionize 2659 liquidate 2660 list 2661 listless adj. woody adj. on a small scale; tiny adj. supple; flexible ; n. in limbo in an intermediate or uncertain state; neglected portray; describe vividly adj. not stiff or firm adj. clear; transparent n. line of descent from an ancestor; ancestry n. features of the face, etc v. stay for a long time; be unwilling to leave adj. of language or linguistics assign great social importance to v. pay or settle n. series of names, items, figures, etc written or printed adj. having no energy, vitality or enthusiasm

2662 litany n. series of prayers to God for use in church services, spoken by a priest with set responses by the congregation 2663 lithe adj. bending or turning easily; supple

2664 litigation

n. process of going to law

2665 litotes n. ironical understatement,esp using a negative to emphasize the contrary , It wasn't easy It was very difficult 2666 litter place n. light rubbish (eg bits of paper, wrappings, bottles) left lying about, esp in a public

2667 livid adj. of the colour of lead; bluish-grey; Feeling or showing extreme anger (Kohli will be livid with that shot,itz short and he went for the cut, got a thin edge and Pollard made no mistake, a loose shot and he's paid the price) 2668 loath 2669 loathe 2670 lode 2671 loft 2672 lofty 2673 log 2674 loiter 2675 loll 2676 longevity 2677 lookout adj. ~ to do sth unwilling; reluctant v. feel great hatred or disgust for (sb/sth) n. vein of metal ore n. room or space directly under the roof of a house, used for storing things adj. (of thoughts, aims, etc) noble; exalted n. length of tree-trunk that has fallen or been cut down v. ~ stand about idly v. ~ rest, sit or stand lazily, often while leaning against sth n. long life the act of keeping watch against danger, etc.

2678 loom v. Come into view indistinctly, often threateningly; Appear very large or occupy a commanding position; Hang over, as of something threatening, dark, or menacing; Weave on a looming machine N. machine for weaving cloth (1. Another air plane loomed into the sky 2. Large shadows loomed on the canyon wall 3. The terrible vision loomed over her all day long 4. materials loomed in Egypt; 1. In the 1940s, the atom loomed large as the specter of the potential horrors in the form of atom bomb) 2679 lope 2680 lopsided 2681 loquacious 2682 lot v. run fairly fast with long bounding strides adj. with one side lower, smaller, etc than the other; unevenly balanced adj. fondof talking; talkative ; n. the `lot, all the `lot, the whole `lot the whole number or amount (of sb/sth)

2683 lottery n. way of raising money by selling numbered tickets and giving prizes to the holders of numbers selected at random 2684 lounge 2685 lout 2686 low 2687 lubricate 2688 lucid 2689 lucrative 2690 lucre 2691 ludicrous 2692 lugubrious 2693 lull 2694 lumber v. sit or stand in a lazy way, esp leaning against sth; loll n. clumsy vulgar man or youth with bad manners adj. not high or tall; not extending far upwards v. put oil or grease on or in so that it moves easily adj. clearly expressed; easy to understand adj. producing much money; profitable n. profit or money-making, as a motive for doing sth adj. causing laughter; ridiculous; absurd adj. dismal; mournful v. ~ sb/sth (to sth) make (a person or an animal) quiet or less active; soothe sb/sth n. unwanted pieces of furniture, etc that are stored away or take up space

2695 lumen a unit of luminous flux equal to the light emitted in a unit solid angle by a uniform point source of one candle intensity 2696 luminary 2697 luminous 2698 lunar 2699 lunatic 2700 lurid 2701 lurk 2702 luscious 2703 lush 2704 lust 2705 luster 2706 lustrous n. person who inspires or influences others adj. giving out light; bright adj. of the moon n. insane person adj. having bright glaring colours or combinations of colour v. be or stay hidden, esp when waiting to attack adj. rich and sweet in taste or smell adj. growing thickly and strongly; luxuriant n. ~ (for sb) strong sexual desire shine; gloss adj. having lustre

2707 luxuriant 2708 luxuriate

adj. growing thickly and strongly; lush v. ~ in sth take great pleasure in sth; enjoy sth as a luxury

Unit M: 247 2709 macabre adj. connected with death, and thus causing fear; gruesome; paisachika, bhayankara, ~ tales of war and plague 2710 mace n. large heavy club formerly used as a weapon, usu having a head with metal spikes

2711 macerate 2712 Machiavellian deceit

v. (cause sth to) become soft or break up by soaking; nanabettu adj. cunning and deceitful in gaining what one wants; showing such cunning or

Machiavellianism = The political doctrine of Machiavelli: any means (however unscrupulous) can be used by a ruler in order to create and maintain his autocratic government 2713 machinations 2714 maculated [ machinate ] an intrigue, plot, or scheme; kutra, kutantram make dirty or spotty; also used metaphorically ; spot, stain, or pollute

2715 madrigal [music] n. song for several voices, usu without instrumental accompaniment,on the themes of love and/or nature 2716 maelstrom n. great whirlpool

Whirlpool, maelstrom, vortex 2717 magisterial 2718 magistrate adj. having or showing authority n. official who acts as a judge in the lowest courts; Justice of the Peace

2719 magnanimity

n. being magnanimous; udaattata

Magnanimous = generous+ understanding+ tolerant 2720 magnate 2721 magniloquent 2722 magnitude n. wealthy and powerful landowner or industrialist; (business magnate) adj. (of words, speech) pompous-sounding, n. (usu large) size

2723 maim v. wound or injure so that part of the body cannot be used, anga cheedam, anga heenam (mangled or maimed in the railroad accident; maiming punishment) Maiming punishment = involves mutilation practiced in few societies. Some punishments like eye to eye, hand to hand come under this punishment 2724 makeshift hammer) 2725 maladroit 2726 malady n, adj used temporarily until sth better is available; (the rock served as a makeshift

adj. not adroit(=nerpu, naipunyam), not clever or skilful; clumsy; bungling n. disease; illness

2727 malaise n. general feeling of illness, without clear signs of a particular disease; A general sense of depression or unease; vyakulata, anaarogyam(The tsunami is going to malaise japan markets into long term malaise) 2728 malapropism n. comical confusion of a word with another, similar-sounding,word which has a quite different meaning, eg `an ingenuous machine for peeling potatoes'; asambaddha pada prayogam, apa prayogam, sandarbha suddhi leni mata Ex: enlighten the candles instead of lit the candles 2729 malapropos 2730 malcontent 2731 malediction sapanardhalu pettu 2732 malefactor 2733 maleficent 2734 malevolent 2735 malfeasance 2736 malicious of an inappropriate or misapplied nature or kind n, adj discontented and rebellious; asantushta n. curse; prayer that sb or sth may be destroyed, hurt, etc; sapinchu,

n. wrongdoer; criminal; duraachari, chedu panulu chese vadu adj. Harmful or evil in intent or effect adj. wishing to do evil or cause harm to others; spiteful n. a wrongdoing that the actor had no right to do; improper professional conduct adj. Marked by deep ill will; deliberately harmful

2737 malign 2738 malignant 2739 malingerer 2740 malleable 2741 malodorous

adj. Evil or harmful in nature , v. say unpleasant or untrue things about adj. malevolent; feeling or showing great desire to harm others; n. person who malingers adj. that can be beaten or pressed into different shapes easily adj. smelling unpleasant

2742 mammal n. any of the class of animals that give birth to live offspring and feed their young on milk from the breast 2743 mammoth 2744 manacle sankellu n. large hairy type of elephant, now extinct n. one of a pair of chains or metal bands for binding the hands or feet; fetter;

2745 mandate n. order, command; the right and power given to a government by the voters to carry out certain policies; aadesam, aagna, parlament ku ivvabadina raajyadhikaram (Prime minister told that his party had a clear mandate from the people to make all efforts to root out unemployment; finance minister has been sent to the conference with the mandate from the PM) 2746 mandatory 2747 maneuver 2748 mange 2749 mangle 2750 mangy adj. required by law; compulsory = manoeuvre n. skin disease of hairy animals, caused by a parasite v. damage greatly, (almost) beyond recognition; mutilate adj. suffering from mange

canine mange 2751 maniacal adj. violently mad

2752 manifest adj. stand as proof of (The buildings in Rome manifest a high level of architectural sophistication) Record in a ship's manifest; prayaanikula patti lo namodu; (each passenger must be manifested) Reveal its presence or make an appearance; pratyakshamagu; (the ghost manifests each year on the same day)

2753 manifestation

outward demonstration; indication

2754 manifesto n. (publication containing a) public declaration by a political party, ruler, etc of principles and policy; karyacharana patram; 2755 manifold adj. of many types; many and various; palu vidhala, chala rakala; (manifold reasons) N. carbon copying paper to make multiple copies of original; v. combine or increase several times; take copies using carbon paper; (The boss told PA to take an original and two manifolds; 2756 manipulate 2757 mannered v. control or handle with skill adj. having an unnatural style of speaking, writing, etc; affected; asahaja;

A person s behavior is mannered if he behaves in an unnatural manner just to impress people. A writer s style is mannered if they write a scholarly style just to impress their readers. A person walking in measured steps and with an artificial look has mannered movements. (Attempting to copy the style of his wealthy neighbors, Gats by adopted a mannered, artificial way of speech) 2758 mannerism 2759 mantle n. peculiar habit of behaviour, speech, etc; alavatu, dhorani n. loose sleeveless cloak

mantle

cloak

2760 manumit v. emancipate; free from bondage; (Enlightened slave owners were willing to manumit their slaves and thus put an end to the evil slavery in the country); vimuktulanu cheyu, 2761 mar 2762 maraud 2763 margin 2764 marginal v. damage (sth); spoil; (nothing marred her beauty; marred bodies) a sudden short attack ; search for plunder n. blank space round the written or printed matter on a page adj. of or in a margin

2765 marital

adj. of a husband or wife; of marriage

2766 maritime adj. Relating to or involving ships or shipping or navigation or seamen; nauka sambandhita; Bordering on, living or characteristic of those near the sea; nauka teera pranta (maritime law, maritime farmers) 2767 marked 2768 maroon 2769 marred beauty) 2770 marrow adj. clear; noticeable; easily seen adj. n brownish red [ mar: ] vt. to cause harm to; spoil or impair (marred bodies, old age marred her

n. soft fatty substance that fills the hollow parts of human and animal bones

2771 marshal

n. officer of high rank

2772 marsupial n, adj of the class of mammals which includes the kangaroo, the female of which has a pouch on its body to hold its young; Marsupials are the mammals characterized by giving birth to relatively undeveloped young.

2773 martial 2774 martinet 2775 martyr

adj. of or associated with war; sainika sambandhita (martial law) n. person who imposes strict discipline and demands obedience to orders n. person who is killed or made to suffer greatly because of his beliefs

2776 mash n. grain, bran, etc cooked in water until soft, used as food for animals; To compress with violence, out of natural shape or condition; nooru, nalipiveyu

mashed potato recipe 2777 masochist n. Someone who obtains pleasure from receiving punishment

X sadist - Someone who obtains pleasure from inflicting pain on others 2778 mason n. person who builds in or works with stone

2779 masquerade n. false show; pretence; A party of guests wearing costumes and masks; V. Pretend to be someone or something that you are not (N:he is masquerading as an expert on the internet; V:a beggar's masquerade of wealth)

a masquerade party mask 2780 mass 2781 masticate 2782 mat n. celebration of Christ's Last Supper, esp in the Roman Catholic Church v. chew (food) n. piece of material, made of straw, rushes, fibre, etc, used to cover part of a floor

2783 materialism n. obsession with material possessions,bodily comforts, etc while neglecting spiritual values; bhoutika vadam 2784 maternal adj. of or like a mother

2785 matriarch 2786 matriculate 2787 matrimony

n. female head of a family or tribe v. be admitted or admit as a student to a university n. state of being married; marriage

2788 matrix n. point of origin; mould into which molten metal, liquid, etc is poured to form shapes for eg printer's type, gramophone records, etc; array of numbers or algebraic symbols; (Some historians claim the Nile Valley was the matrix of the Western civilization) 2789 maudlin 2790 maul 2791 mausoleum adj. foolishly or tearfully sentimental or self-pitying, esp when drunk , v. ~ sb/sth (about) handle sb/sth roughly or brutally n. large, finely built tomb

lenin s mausoleum in Mascow 2792 mauve adj. n pale purple colour

mauve colored necklace 2793 maverick n. unbranded calf, Independent in behavior or thought; v. Someone who exhibits great independence in thought and action 2794 mawkish 2795 maxim adj. Effusively or insincerely emotional; sentimental in a feeble or sickly way n. saying that expresses a general truth or rule of conduct, eg `Waste not, want not'

2796 mayhem n. extreme confusion+fear among a group of people as a result of some sudden and shocking event; havoc; (The hoax played by someone that a bomb had been placed in the theatre caused mayhem. People ran for their lives in extreme fear and confusion) 2797 meager too small in quantity and quality (~ food, ~ money)

2798 mealymouthed A mealy-mouthed person is not brave or honest enough to speak out their opinion openly; hesitant to state facts or opinions simply and directly as from e.g. timidity or hypocrisy (The politician's mealy-mouthed speech did not convey his real feelings. He appeared to be afraid of hurting a section of his voters by being open and straightforward, and thus of losing their votes) 2799 meander v. follow a winding course, flowing slowly; melikalu tirugutoo pravahinchu

meandering river 2800 meddlesome adj. fond of or in the habit of meddling; anavasara jokyam chesukune; (He felt his marriage was suffering because of his meddlesome mother-in-law; A meddlesome neighbour) 2801 mediate disagree 2802 mediocre 2803 meditation 2804 medium 2805 medley 2806 meek v. ~ act as a peacemaker or go-between for two or more people, groups, etc who

adj. not very good; second-rate n. deep thought, esp about spiritual matters n. (pl usu media) means by which sth is expressed or communicated n. piece of music made up of passages from other musical works adj. humble and obedient; submissive; very docile; (meek as mouse)

2807 megalomania n. form of madness in which a person has an exaggerated view of his own importance, power, etc 2808 melancholy 2809 melee 2810 mellifluous 2811 memento event) 2812 memoir n. deep sadness which lasts for some time; depression; vishadam, gubulu n. confused struggle; confused crowd of people adj. sweet-sounding; (almost) musical; madhuramina sangeetam n. thing given, bought, etc and kept as a reminder (of a person, a place or an

n. written record of events, usu based on personal knowledge

Memoir is many times interchangeable with autobiography. But a memoir is more focused and flexible than the traditional arc of birth to old age as found in an autobiography. Historically, memoirs have dealt with public matters, rather than personal. Many older memoirs contain little or no information about the writer, and are almost entirely concerned with other people. Like most autobiographies, memoirs are generally written from the first person point of view. 2813 memorial person 2814 memorialize 2815 menace 2816 menagerie 2817 mendacious 2818 mendicant 2819 menial 2820 mentor 2821 mercantile n. ~ monument, plaque, ceremony, etc that reminds people of an event or a

commemorate n. threatening quality, tone, feeling, etc n. collection of wild animals in captivity, esp in a travelling circus or for exhibition adj. untruthful; lying n, adj (person) getting a living by begging adj. (of work) suitable to be done by servants; unskilled n. experienced and trusted adviser of an inexperienced person adj. of trade and commerce; of merchants; vartaka sambandhita, (~ theories)

2822 mercenary adj. interested only in making money, etc; done from this motive; dhanapeksha kal sevakudu; N. A person hired to fight for another country than their own, kirayi sainikudu; (this is a mercenary company which looks for profit but not for service, mercenary killars) 2823 mercurial 2824 meretricious 2825 merger 2826 merit 2827 mesmerize adj. (of people or their moods, etc) often changing adj. apparently attractive but in fact valueless n. joining together (esp two commercial companies) n. quality of deserving praise or reward; worth; excellence hypnotize

2828 metallurgical [ metallurgy: ] the scientific study of the extraction, refining, alloying, and fabrication of metals and of their structure and properties 2829 metamorphosis n. (fml) change of form or nature, eg by natural growth or development

2830 metaphor n. use of a word or phrase to indicate sth different from (though related in some way to) the literal meaning, as in `I'll make him eat his words' or `She has a heart of stone' 2831 metaphysical adj. of metaphysics

2832 mete v. (fml ) give or administer (punishment, rewards, etc); (He tried to be impartial in his efforts to mete out justice; mete out critical remarks to everyone present; violence meted out to the prisoners by the guards was inhuman) 2833 meteoric adj. of meteors

2834 meter n. device that measures the volume of gas, water, etc passing through it, time passing, electrical current, distance, etc 2835 methodical 2836 meticulous 2837 metrical not prose 2838 metropolis 2839 mettle 2840 miasma of the marshes) adj. done in an orderly, logical way adj. ~ giving or showing great precision and care; very attentive to detail adj. Based on the meter as a standard of measurement; of or composed in verse,

n. chief city of a region or country; capital n. quality of endurance or courage, esp in people or horses n. (fml ) unhealthy or unpleasant mist, etc (a miasma of cigar smoke, the miasma

2841 microcosm n. thing or being regarded as representing the universe, or mankind, on a small scale; miniature representation; sookshma jagattu, sookshma prapancham (the microcosmic world of business) Macrocosm: Universe 2842 migrant n, adj person or animal who migrates 2843 migratory 2844 milieu 2845 militant 2846 militate adj. having or of the habit of migrating n. (usu sing ) social surroundings; environment adj. using force or strong pressure, or supporting their use, to achieve one's aims v. ~ against sth (of evidence, facts, etc) have great force or influence to prevent sth

2847 militia n. force of civilians who are trained as soldiers and reinforce the regular army in the internal defence of the country in an emergency 2848 millennium 2849 millinery n. period of 1000 years n. (trimmings for) women's hats; Shop selling women's hats

2850 mime n. (in the theatre, etc) use of only facial expressions and gestures to tell a story; mookaabhinayam

2851 mimicry

n. mimicking

2852 minatory adj. threatening; Indicating evil intent or suggesting tragic developments (minatory look, minatory intent) 2853 mincing adj. affected v. Cut into small pieces; Make less severe or harsh; Walk daintily (mince the garlic; Kapil who never minces words was also scathing about Zaheer Khan suffering from hamstring injury) 2854 mingle 2855 miniature v. ~ with sth/~ (together) form a mixture with sth; combine n. very small detailed painting, usu of a person

2856 minion n. (derog or joc ) subordinate or assistant, esp one who tries to win favour by obeying a superior slavishly 2857 minuscule 2858 minute 2859 minutiae adj. very small; tiny ; n. one sixtieth part of an hour, equal to 60 seconds , 60 n. very small or unimportant details

2860 mirage n. optical illusion caused by hot air conditions, esp that of a sheet of water seeming to appear in the desert or on a hot road 2861 mire 2862 mirth n. swampy ground or bog; soft deep mud n. great merriment or happiness; laughter n. (piece of) bad luck; misfortune a person who hates or distrusts mankind

2863 misadventure 2864 misanthrope

2865 misapprehension n. An understanding of something that is not correct; not understanding correctly 2866 miscellaneous 2867 miscellany 2868 mischance adj. of various kinds n. ~ varied collection of items n. (piece of) bad luck

2869 mischief n. behaviour that is annoying or does slight damage, but is not malicious (used esp as in the expressions shown) 2870 misconduct n. (esp law ) improper behaviour, esp of a sexual or professional kind

2871 misconstrue v. get a wrong idea of or misinterpret (sb's words, acts, etc) tappuga ardham chesukonu(she misconstrued my remarks)

2872 miscreant 2873 misdemeanor 2874 miserly

n. villain; wrongdoer ; a crime less serious than a felony

adj. like a miser; mean or selfish

2875 misgivings [ misgiving: ] a feeling of uncertainty, apprehension, or doub; apoha, anumanam, aandolana (we need to dispel the misgivings about Islam and terrorism, Pawar urges scientists to remove all misgivings regarding genetically modified crops) 2876 mishap 2877 misnomer 2878 misogamy 2879 misogynist 2880 missile 2881 missive after resignation) 2882 mite 2883 mitigate 2884 mnemonic 2885 mobile 2886 mock 2887 mode 2888 modicum 2889 modish 2890 modulate 2891 modulation 2892 mogul 2893 molecule chemical nature 2894 mollify n. unlucky accident(usu not serious) n. wrong use of a name, word or description hatred of marriage n. person who hates women n. object or weapon that is thrown or fired at a target n. letter, esp a long or official one (He mailed an indignant missive to the manager

n. very small or modest contribution or offering v. make (sth) less severe, violent or painful; moderate adj. of or designed to help the memory adj. that can move or be moved easily and quickly from place to place v. ~ makefun of (sb/sth), esp by mimicking him/it contemptuously; ridicule n. ~ (fml ) way or manner in which sth is done n. ~ small or moderate amount of sth adj. fashionable; In the current fashion or style v. vary the strength, volume or pitch of toning down; changing from one key to another n. very rich, important or influential person (movie mogul) n. smallest unit into which a substance can be divided without a change in its

v. lessen the anger of (sb); make calmer; soothe

2895 mollycoddle pamper;

v. treat (sb) with too much kindness and protection; A pampered darling;

2896 molt the act or process of sheding hair, feathers, shell, horns, or an outer layer periodically; specifically :ECDYSIS (snake molting) 2897 molten 2898 momentous 2899 momentum 2900 monarchy 2901 monastic 2902 monetary 2903 mongrel adj. melted or made liquid by heating to a very high temperature adj. very important; serious n. force that increases the rate of development of a process; impetus n. system of government by a monarch adj. of or relating to monks or monasteries adj. of money or currency n. dog of mixed breed having or consisting of one color or hue adj. having or using images in black, white and shades of grey; black and white n. two or more letterscombined in one design and marked on handkerchiefs,

2904 monochromatic 2905 monochrome 2906 monogram notepaper, etc , 2907 monograph 2908 monolithic 2909 monotheism 2910 monotony 2911 monumental 2912 moodiness 2913 moratorium 2914 morbid death 2915 mordant 2916 mores communtiy

n. detailed scholarly study of one subject adj. consisting of one or more monoliths n. belief that there is only one God n. state of being monotonous; lack of variety that causes weariness and boredom adj. of, related to or serving as a monument n. n. ~ (on sth) temporary stopping of an activity, esp by official agreement adj. having or showing an interest in gloomy or unpleasant things, esp disease or

adj. very sarcastic; biting n. customs or conventions considered typical of or essential to a group or

2917 morgue mortuary ; 2918 moribund 2919 morose

n. building in which dead bodies are kept before being buried or cremated;

adj. at the point of death; about to come to an end adj. very unhappy, bad-tempered and silent; sullen

2920 mortar n. mixture of lime or cement, sand and water, used to hold bricks, stones, etc together in building 2921 mortician 2922 mortify 2923 mosaic different colours 2924 mote 2925 motif 2926 motility 2927 motley 2928 mottled n. =undertaker v. cause (sb) to be very ashamed or embarrassed n. picture or pattern made by placing together small pieces of glass, stone, etc of

n. small particle, usu of dust; speck ; n. decorative design or pattern ability to move spontaneously and independently adj. of many different types of people or things adj. marked with patches of different colours without a regular pattern

2929 motto n. short sentence or phrase chosen and used as a guide or rule of behaviour or as an expression of the aims or ideals of a family, a country, an institution, etc 2930 mountebank 2931 muddle 2932 muggy 2933 mulct 2934 multifarious 2935 multiform 2936 multilingual 2937 multiplicity 2938 mundane 2939 munificent n. person who tries to cheat others by clever talk; swindler v. ~ sth (up) put sth into disorder; mix sth up adj. (of weather) oppressively warm and damp defraud a person of something; fine adj. of many different kinds; having great variety having many forms adj. speaking or using many languages n. ~ of sth large number or great variety of things adj. ordinary and typically unexciting adj. extremely generous; (of sth given) large in amount or splendid in quality

2940 mural 2941 murky 2942 murmur

n. painting done on a wall adj. unpleasantly dark; gloomy n. low continuous indistinct sound

2943 muse n. the Muses the nine goddesses, daughters of Zeus or Jupiter, who protected and encouraged poetry, music, dancing, history and other branches of art and literature , 2944 musky 2945 muster 2946 musty 2947 mutable 2948 mutablility 2949 mute 2950 muted 2951 mutilate 2952 mutinous 2953 mutter 2954 myopic 2955 myriad 2956 mystic adj. silent; making no sound (of a sound or colour) softened v. injure, damage or disfigure by breaking, tearing or cutting off a necessary part adj. guilty of mutiny; refusing to obey; rebellious v. ~ (to sb) (about sth) speak or say (sth) in a low voice that is hard to hear adj. short-sighted n. extremely large number adj. of hidden meaning or spiritual power, esp in religion adj. (smelling) like musk n. assembly or gathering of people or things, esp for review or inspection adj. smelling or tasting stale, mouldy and damp adj. liable to change; likely to change ;