NUR 027 (Nursing Research 1-Lecture)

STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET BS NURSING/SECOND YEAR

Session # 15

Materials:
LESSON TITLE: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN Book, pen and notebook

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of this lesson, the nursing student will be able
to:
1. Define quantitative research design.
2. Discuss the types of quantitative research.
Textbook:
Barrientos-Tan, C. (2011). A Research Guide in
Nursing Education: Building an Evidence-Based
Practice. Pasay City: Philippines, Visprint Inc.
References:
Polit, Denise F. & Beck, Cheryl T. (2012). Nursing
research: Generating and assessing evidence for
nursing research (9th ed.), Philadelphia, PA:
Wolters Kluwer Health/ Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins.

LESSON REVIEW (5 minutes)

The instructor will open a box of rolled papers with your assigned numbers. The students whose numbers were picked by
the instructor will answer one of the following questions:
1. What is a hypothesis?
2. What are the types of hypothesis?

MAIN LESSON (30 minutes)

Quantitative Research
A quantitative research manipulates and control research situations and verify results, using empirical data
gathered through the senses. Quantitative research is concerned with the objective meaning of experience to an
individual. There is rigid control of the research situation and generalization of findings.
Quantitative research is also considered as “hard science”, characterized by replicable and reliable data. Quantitative
research applies to both experimental and non-experimental studies that yield numerical data which can be subjected to
statistical analysis. Quantitative research uses the deductive or theory-testing approach (Nieswiadomy, 2008).

Types of Quantitative Research

a. Surveys
Surveys are types of research which gather primarily quantitative data such as what people do, how or what they
eat, how to meet their health needs, their compliance in taking medications, and what family planning behavior
they engage in, among others. They are usually based on answers given by the respondents to questions of the
researcher. They are called self-reports. Survey data can primarily be collected through interviews and
questionnaires.

b. Methodological Research
Methodological research is concerned with the development of an instrument or procedure that measures effect
or change on the dependent variable.
Example: “Competence Evaluation Instrument using nursing process indicators to assess the
clinical performance of nurses.”

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 c. Evaluative Research
Evaluative research is applied research that aims to find out how well a program, practice, procedure or policy is
working out. The purpose is to answer the questions of people who must make decisions in terms of what
interventions or policies to implement.

Example: “Clinical Training Program for Newly Hired Nurses and Their Clinical Performance Proficiency.”

The different types of evaluative research are: process analysis, outcome analysis, impact analysis and cost-
benefit analysis.

d. Content Analysis
Content analysis refers to the quantification of narrative data of a research report, published articles or any form
of communications for purposes of analysis and evaluation. However, it can be qualitative too, when it pertains to
the meaning of the information to be disseminated.

Example: “The position of Congress to the ‘Malpractice Bill’ for Physicians.”

“The Culture of Graft and Corruption in the Philippines”

The frequency with which the content or symptoms appeared during the presentation shall be analyzed and
interpreted whether it is favorable, unfavorable or neutral to the concerned sectors.

e. Clinical Trials or Intervention Research

Clinical trials are designed to assess the safety and effectiveness of a nursing intervention. The study may involve
and experimental or quasi-experimental design and quantitative analysis of variables. It consists of several
phases using randomized heterogeneous sampling of subjects (Polit and Beck, 2008).

Example: Clinical Trial to test a nurse managed intervention called “Smoking Cessation Intervention
(SCI)” compared to a “routine or standard treatment” among women who smoke.

Phase I. Pre-experimental design of the SCI to determine its efficacy and safety.

Phase II. Pilot test of the SCI to seek evidences for possible side effects.

Phase III. Actual experimentation using a Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) assignment of samples to
a control group (standard treatment) and experimental group (SCI treatment). This is used
to arrive at a decision of whether the SCI is more effective than the standard treatment in
helping women stop smoking.

Phase IV. Adopting the decision arrived at Phase III. The researcher focuses on the long term effects
of the intervention including its benefits and side effects. This phase may use the non-
experimental, experimental (true or quasi) design with quantitative analysis.

f. Secondary Analysis
This involves the use of data gathered in a previous study to test new hypotheses or explore new phenomena or
relationships. Secondary data analysis is commonly known as second-hand analysis. It is simply the analysis of
pre-existing data in a different way or to answer a different question than what was originally intended.

Secondary data analysis utilizes data that was collected by someone else in order to further a study that the
researcher is interested in completing.

Advantages to the secondary data collection method are the following:

 It saves time that would otherwise be spent in collecting data,
 Provides as larger database than what would be possible to collect on ones own.

However there are disadvantages to the fact that the researcher cannot personally check the data, so its reliability
may be questioned.

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CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING (15 minutes)
Short Quiz. You are to identify the type of quantitative research with the research titles given below. (10 points)
1. Knowledge and Attitude of Commercial Sex Workers in Contraception

SURVEY
ANSWER: _____________________________

2. Competency Appraisal of Student Nurses in ER

EVALUATE RESEARCH
ANSWER: _____________________________

3. SAP Distribution in ECQ Areas

CONTENT ANALYSIS
ANSWER: _____________________________

4. Mental Status Examination Using Case Analysis to assess Thought Process Among Elderly Clients
METHODOLOGICAL RESEARCH
ANSWER: _____________________________

5. Effectiveness of Music Therapy Among Trauma Patients

CLINICAL TRIALS OR INTERVENTION RESEARCH
ANSWER: _____________________________

6. Network Rivalry in the Philippine Television

CONTENT ANALYSIS
ANSWER: _____________________________

7. Treatment Adherence Among Diabetic Clients in Dagupan City

SURVEY
ANSWER: _____________________________

8. Performance Checklist of Midwives in NICU

EVALUATE RESEARCH
ANSWER: _____________________________

9. Randomized Controlled Trial Using Drug X to Alcoholic Clients

CLINICAL TRIALS OR INTERVENTION RESEARCH
ANSWER: _____________________________

10. Human Rights Violations In War Against Drugs

CONTENT ANALYSIS
ANSWER: _____________________________

RATIONALIZATION ACTIVITY
The instructor will now rationalize the answers to the students and will encourage them to ask questions and to discuss
among their classmates.

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4. ANSWER: ________
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LESSON WRAP-UP (10 minutes)

You will now mark (encircle) the session you have finished today in the tracker below. This is simply a visual to help you
track how much work you have accomplished and how much work there is left to do.

You are done with the session! Let’s track your progress.

AL Strategy: Muddiest Point

The instructor summarizes the lesson discussed leaving enough time for you to respond. You will be asked to
bring out ¼ sheet of pad paper to write on your answer when the instructor asks the following question:

In today’s session in research, what was least clear to you?

The instructor collects the papers and answers the “unclear” part of the discussion before the class dismissed.

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