INSTRUMENTATION PRESENTATION

WELCOME TO ALL

INSTRUMENTATION
INSTRUMENTATION IS MAINLY USED TO MEASURE THE PROCESS PARAMETER SUCH AS PRESSURE,TEMPERATURE,FLOW,LEVEL LIKE THAT AND TRANSMITE THE SIGNAL TO CONTROLLER AND DISPLAY DEVICE FOR MEASURING TRANSDUCER IS VERY IMPORTANT.TRANSDUCER IS DIFIENED AS WHICH CONVERT THE ONE FORM OF ENERGY INTO ANOTHER FORM OF ENERGY THER ARE TWO TYPE FOR ALL MEASUREMENT.ONE IS MEACHANICAL MEASUREMENT,ANOTHER ONE ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENT FOR ALL PROCESS PARAMETER

TEMPERATURE GAUGE

TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
  

TWO TYPE.ONE IS FILLED SYSTEM,ANOTHER ONE IS BIMETALIC STRIPS SOME LIQUID IS FILLED IN THE STEM WHEN THE TEMPERATURE IS INCRESED FROM THE ATM,SOME PRESSURE IS CREATED INSIDE THE STEM THAT PRESSURE IS CONVERTED TO ANGLUR MOMENT

TEMPERATURE GAUGE
 IN

BIMETALIC STRIPS TYPE,TWO DISSIMILER METAL IS USED FOR SENSOR  DUE TEMPERATURE,MOMENT IS CREATED  THIS IS CONVERTED INTO TEMPERATURE INDICATION

TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
IN ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENT,THERE ARE TWO SENSORS ONE IS RTD(RESISTENANCE TEMPERATURE DETECTOR),ANOTHER ONE IS THERMOCOUPLE

RTD

RTD
RTD IS POSITVE TEMPERATURE CO EFFICIENT SENSOR PLATINUM,COPPER MATERIAL IS USED FOR MANUFACTURING Rt=R(0)(1+ T) Rt=RTD RESISTENCE FOR THE CORRESPONDINI TEMPERATURE = TEMPERATURE COEFFIECIENT OF MATERIAL R(0)=RTD RESISTENCE AT 0C TEMPERATURE T=?

TYPES OF RTD
   
THERE ARE THREE TYPES TWO WIRE RTD THREE WIRE RTD FOUR WIRE RTD

TWO WIRE RTD

THREE WIRE RTD

FOUR WIRE RTD

THERMOCOUPLE

THERMOCOUPLE

THERMOCOUPLE


TWO DISSIMILAR METAL JUNCTION GENERATES mV DUE TO TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO JUNCTION DEPENDING UPON MATERIAL COMPOSITION,IT HAS DIFFERENT TYPE J,K,R,S,T,E TYPES

THERMOCOUPLE TYPES
    

Type J :Iron-Constantan :IronType K:ChromelAlumel K:Chromel Type E:ChromelConstantan E:Chromel Type T:CopperConstantan T:Copper Type R:PlatinumRhodium alloy containing R:Platinum 13% Rhodium-Pure Platinum RhodiumType S:PlatinumRhodium alloy containing S:Platinum 10% Rhodium-Pure Platinum Rhodium-

PRESSURE


PRESSURE=F/A

G.PR=ABOVE ATM PR ABS PR= ATM.PR+G.PR VACCUM= BELOW ATM.PR

PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
PRESSURE GAUGE IS MECHANICAL MEASUREMENT DEVICE

PRESSURE TRANSMITTER
THERE ARE SO MANY TYPES OF SENSOR CAPACITANCE TYPE INDUCTANCE TYPE PIEZO ELECTRIC CRYSTAL RESISTANCE TYPE

CAPACITANCE TYPE

INDUCTANCE TYPE

PIEZO ELECTRIC TYPE

Zirconate / Lead Titanate

RESISTANCE TYPE

LEVEL MEASUREMENT
MECHANICAL LEVEL INDICATOR IS AVAILABE FLOAT TYPE SIGHT GLASS MAGNETIC TYPE

LEVEL TRANSMITTER
 DEPENDING UPON THE WORKING PRINCIPLE IS CLASSIFED IT VARIOUS TYPE  DP TYPE  CAPACITANCE TYPE  RADAR TYPE  ULTROSONIC TYPE  FLOAT TYPE

DP TYPE


LEVEL IS MEASURESED BASED ON THE DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE

DP TYPE
  

 

LEVEL=HPLEVEL=HP-LP FOR OPEN TANK LEVEL=STATIC HEIGHT OF WATER+ATMWATER+ATMATM FOR CLOSED TANK LEVEL=STATIC HEIGHT OF WATER+PRWATER+PRPR

CAPAITANCE TYPE
IT IS BASED ON THE CAPACITANE VALUE BETWEEN THE SENSOR PLATE

CAPACITANCE TYPE


A capacitor consists of two conductors (plates) that are electrically isolated from one another by a nonconductor. the capacitor plates have an area (A) and are separated by a gap (D) filled with a nonconducting material of dielectric constant (K).

RADAR TYPE

RADAR TYPE


The radar level sensor is generates an electromagnetic pulse through transmitter and sends very short pulses to a target. The pulses reflect from the target and then they are received back by the radar receiver. The distance to an object is calculated and then converted by the radar level sensor to 4-20 mA signal. 4-

ULTROSONIC TYPE

ULTROSONIC TYPE


The ultrasonic level sensor generates a pressure wave that propagates to a target and then reflects.The reflected wave is received by the ultrasonic level sensor, in receiver mode, and is converted into an electrical signal.The ultrasonic level sensor's electrical signal is amplified and processed to find the reflected echo and then calculated to find the distance to a specific target. The distance to an object is calculated and then converted by the ultrasonic radar level sensor to 4-20 mA signal 4-

FLOW MEASUREMENT
 DEPONDING

UPON THE WORKING PRINCIPLE,IT IS CASSIFED IT DIFFERENT TYPE  DP TYPE  MAGNETIC TYPE  ULTRASONIC TYPE  TURBINE FLOW METER

DP TYPE
   

BASED ON THE DP PRINCIPLE ORIFICE PLATE FLOW NOZZLE VENTURI METER

ORIFICE

VENTURI METER

FLOW NOZZLE

MAGNETIC FLOW METER

MAGNETIC FLOW METER



Principle of Operation The operation of a magnetic flow meter is based upon Faraday's Law, which states that the voltage induced across any conductor as it moves at right angles through a magnetic field is proportional to the velocity of that conductor. Faraday's Formula: E is proportional to V x B x D where: E = The voltage generated in a conductor V = The velocity of the conductor B = The magnetic field strength D = The length of the conductor

ULTRASONIC FLOW METER

ULTROSONIC FLOW METER

The measurement of flow is based on the principle that sound waves traveling in the direction of flow of the fluid require less time than when traveling in the opposite direction. The difference in transit times of the ultrasonic signals is an indication for the flow rate of the fluid.

TURBINE FLOW METER

TURBINE FLOW METER

 IT

BASED ON THE VELOCITY OF THE LIQUID

TOTAL NO OF PULSES PER MINUTE FLOW = NO OF BLADES IN ROTOR * AREA OF THE PIPE

THANK YOU
SHANMUGARAJ