CAD

"Computer Aided Design". Computer Aided Design. CAD programs are the first step of additive manufacturing process since the part must be designed so the machine 3d printer produces it. CAE

"Computer Aided Engineering". Computer Aided Engineering. CAE offers software tools for engineering analysis such as determining the structural integrity of a design or ability to transfer heat. CAM

"Computer Aided Manufacturing." Computer aided manufacturing. Typically, the term refers to systems that use surface data to drive CNC machines such as presses and lathes to manufacture parts, molds and dies. CNC

"Computer Numerical Control".Numerical Control. Machines equipped with numerical control systems include presses, lathes and welding torches. DLP

"Digital Light Processing" and "Digital Light Processing." The heart of every DLP system is an optical semiconductor known as DLP chip developed by Dr. Larry Hornbeck at Texas Instruments in 1987 and remains the only manufacturer of this technology, although many market products are licensed based on their chipsets.

In DLP projectors, the image is created by microscopic mirrors (size 1 / 5 of the thickness of a human hair) arranged in a matrix on a semiconductor chip, known as the Digital Micromirror Device (DMD). Each micromirror represents one pixel in the projected image. The number of mirrors corresponds to the resolution of the projected image: arrays of 800 600, 1024 768 720 and 1280 are some of the common sizes of DMD.

DSP

"Projection binder" 3D printing technology that works by depositing powder material (composite) in layers and their selective binding to the printing system "inkjet" of binder material.

Hardness

The notion of hardness is usually defined as the resistance of a material against penetration of a body harder, and in this context through a tip micropenetracin. In the area of plastic materials are applied by several test methods. Hardness, Rockwell

The hardness or Rockwell hardness test is the most commonly used method for determining the hardness because it is simple to perform and requires no special skills. You can use different scales arising from the use of different combinations of indenters and loads, which allows testing of virtually any metal or alloy. There are two types of penetrators, spherical balls of hardened steel, and a conical diamond indenter used for harder materials. Rockwell scales ranging from A (treated and untreated steels. Very hard materials.Chapas hard and thin), B (annealed and normalized steels) ... to M, P, S, V (metals and other materials bearing very soft and thin.Aluminum, zinc, lead). Hardness, Shore A

The shore hardness measurement is based on the following principle: A constantly indenter is pressed into the material to be measured with a specified force. Measure the deflection at the point of pressure and thus gets the value of the hardness of the material. The hardness penetration is inversely proportional to the penetration and depends on the modulus and the viscoelastic properties of the material. The shape of the indenter, the force applied to it and the period of application influence the results

The best known scales are Shore A and Shore D. The scope ranges from soft elastomers (Shore A) to the thermoplastic (Shore D). Facet

Element polygon of three or four sides is a part of a 3D polygonal mesh forms a surface or model. The STL (stereolithography) use triangular facets. Additive fabrication (also additive additive processes or technology)

Technologies used to construct physical models, prototypes, components, machining and complete sets of final parts. In all cases, the products are made directly from CAD data produced, CT or MRI or data obtained from 3D digitizing systems. Unlike CNC machines and milling machines, whose nature is subtractive, additive fabrication combines liquid, composite or layered materials to create pieces impossible to produce by any other method. Based in thin horizontal sections taken from a 3D computer model, the additive technologies produce their models layer by layer in materials like plastic, metal, ceramic and composite parts.

FDM

"Fused deposition modeling" or "fused deposition wire" technology that bases its operation on a string of C-1 material which moves in the horizontal XY plane with the help of a nozzle. This thread solidifies immediately on the previous layer. This technology was developed in the late 80's and began marketing in early 1990.

FFF

"Freeform Fabrication."Another name for additive manufacturing. Photopolymer

A photopolymer is a polymer that "cures" or hardens when exposed to light, usually in the ultraviolet espector. These polymers are commonly used in dentistry and rapid prototyping stereolithography process and 3D printing.

HDT

"Heat Deflection Temperature".Temperature of deflection under load. The temperature at which a plastic or polymer deforms under a specified load. IGES

Graphics Interchange Specification initial (in English, Initial Graphics Exchange Specification). IGES is an industry standard for exchanging CAD data between systems.

3D Printing

Variation of low-cost additive fabrication which is usually faster, easier to use, less expensive and more convenient to use in office environments. 3D printers are often used to produce conceptual models for visual inspection of a design proposal. Reverse Engineering

In the context of electromechanical product design, reverse engineering is a method that begins with a physical object and work "backwards" for a sample of digital data. Izod Impact Test

Impact tests are used for determining the behavior of a material at higher strain rates. The energy lost by the pendulum that is absorbed by the specimen during the impact is divided by the thickness of the specimen gives the Izod - Impact energy expressed in joules per meter.

LOM

"Manufacture of cutting and rolling" 3-D printing system based on the continued placement of sheets of paper glued on a platform. After being placed, press each with a heated roller that attaches to the previous page.

Quick manufactured

"Rapid manufacturing".The direct production of finished goods using additive fabrication systems. Machining

Moulds, dies and other devices for applications such as plastic injection molding, thermoforming, die cutting, stamping sheet metal and forging. Rapid tooling

Machining led by an additive process (the key to do it quickly). The digital data of a CAD solid model and the additive process are two key elements of rapid tooling. An indirect approach to rapid tooling machining speeds up the process using additive manufacturing patterns are, however, used to produce machined. Another approach is to produce components machining, such as mold inserts directly from an additive process. Prototype Machining

Moulds, dies and other mechanisms produce prototypes split. Sometimes known as "soft tooling." Flexural modulus

In mechanics, the flexural modulus is the ratio of flexural stress and strain or the tendency of a material to bend. Solid model

3D CAD Model defined using solid modeling techniques. Solid modeling is comparable to using a physical material (as wood or foam board) to create a form. Most software products use solid modeling primitives such as cylinders and spheres, and features such as holes and slots to build forms. Solid models are preferred over surface models for additive manufacturing because they define a closed model and "tight," which is a requirement for most file formats used in additive manufacturing. Surface model

3D CAD model surfaces defined by using a precise mathematical description as a B-spline surfaces of Brezi or NURBS surfaces. A surface model can also consist of a mesh of polygons such as triangles, but this approximates the exact form of the model. The surface models may or may not represent a closed volume. Elastic modulus

Relative strength required to stretch a material. Relationship between fatigue and the corresponding unit strain in a material under a strain that is below the limit of elasticity. Also called coefficient of elasticity, Young's modulus MPa

The pascal (symbol Pa) is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units. It is defined as the pressure exerts a force of 1 Newton over an area of 1 square meter normal to it. The pascal is a unit too small for everyday life. A drop of water at rest can exert a pressure of 25 Pa, a standing person can make a ground pressure of 15,000 Pa, and the water pressure in an urban network can be of 500,000 Pa.

To prevent the number of zeros is recommended to use the unit MPa (MPa), equivalent to 10 ^ 6 Pa NURBS

"Non-uniform Rational B-Splines." NURBS surfaces are used to describe the form of 3D computer models in a mathematically precise. Aspherical Optics

Light rays entering at the edges of the spherical lenses converge at slightly different focal points of light rays entering the center. This phenomenon, known as spherical aberration, produces smooth images, low contrast, it seems as if they were covered by a thin veil. Aspherical lenses are used to compensate for this problem. A special non-spherical surface makes the light rays converge on central and peripheral a single focal point to ensure a uniform sharpness and clarity throughout the image area. Now incorporated in almost all EF lenses. All the elements of aspherical lenses are particularly useful in very bright object, wide-angle lenses and compact zoom lenses of high quality.

PIM

"Plastic Injection Molding." Plastic injection molds. A popular method for molding parts from thermoplastic materials. Rapid Prototyping

"Rapid prototyping". The most popular application of additive fabrication: get prototypes and models quickly and cheaply. Flexural

"Flexural Strength." Also known as modulus of rupture or fracture resistance. Mechanical parameter is a brittle material and is defined as the material's ability to resist deformation under a specific load.

Tensile

"Tensile strength". Material's ability to resist forces trying to remove him or stretching.

SFF

"Solid Freeform Fabrication."Another name for the additive method of rapid prototyping, tooling and manufacturing.

SGC

"Light curing by UV light" similar to the Stereolithography Technology. It works by solidification of a photopolymer or photoresist with a UV lamp of great power.

SLA

Stereolithography: A system that projects a UV laser onto a bath of liquid photosensitive resin to cure.

SLS

"Selective laser sintering" or "Selective Laser Sintering" system that works by warming up a bucket on which is deposited a layer of dust later. Following this, a CO2 laser sintering the powder into specific points to create the piece. STEP

"Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data".Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data. STEP is increasingly used to transform 3D CAD models a software product to another. The IGES STEP carried. STL

Esterolitografa file format used to convert CAD data models using 3D physical parts of additive manufacturing systems. STL format, available in both binary and ASCII, using triangular facets to approximate the shape of an object. The STL is the standard interface of additive manufacturing systems. Tg

Glass transition temperature. The temperature at which there is a thermodynamic pseudotransicin glassy materials, so is in glasses, polymers and other amorphous inorganic materials. This means that, thermodynamically speaking, is not really a transition. The Tg can be understood quite simple when you understand that at this temperature the polymer is no longer stiff and begins to soften. VOXEL

Volumetric Pixel English is the cubic unit that makes up a three dimensional object. It is the smallest unit of a three dimensional matrix actionable and is therefore equivalent to the pixel in a 2D object.

To create an image in three dimensions, voxels must undergo opacity transformation. This information gives different opacity values for each voxel. This is important when you have to show interior details of an image that would be masked by the more opaque outer layer of voxels.