EXPERIMENT No. 4 AIM:To prepare heat balance sheet on SingleCylinder Diesel Engine.

APPARATUS USED :SingleCylinder Diesel Engine (Constant Speed) Test Rig, Stop Watch and THEORY: Digital Tachometer.

The thermal energy produced by the combustion of fuel in an engine is not completely utilized for the production of the mechanical power. The thermal efficiency of I. C. Engines is about 33 %. Of the available heat energy in the fuel, about 1/3 is lost through the exhaust system, and 1/3 is absorbed and dissipated by the cooling It is the purpose of heat balance sheet to know the heat energy distribution, that is, how and where the input energy from the fuel is is distributed.The heat balance sheet of an I. C. Engine includes the following heat distributions: a. Heat energy available from the fuel brunt. b. Heat energy equivalent to output brake power. c. Heat energy lost to engine cooling water. d. Heat energy carried away by the exhaust gases. e. Unaccounted heat energy FORMULE USED : ` (i) Torque, T = 9.81 x W Effective x R Nm. Where REffective= (D + d)/2 or (D + tBelt)/2 W ( L o a d ) (ii) Brake Power, B P = ( 2 N T ) / 60000 KW Where N = rpm, T = Torque (iii) Fuel Consumption, mf = ( 50 ml x 10 6 x Fuel ) / ( t ) Kg/Sec H e r e ; 1 m l = 10 3 liters 1000 liters = 1 m3 S o 1 m l = Nm,

m, and =

S2) Kg,

10 6 m3

(iv) Heat energy available from the fuel brunt, Qs = mf x C. V. x 3600 KJ/hr

(v) Heat energy equivalent to output brake power, QBP = BP x 3600 KJ/hr

(vi) Heat energy lost to engine cooling water, QCW = mw x Cw (two -twi) x 3600 KJ/hr vii) Heat energy carried away by the exhaust gases, QEG = mfg x Cfg (tfg tair) x 3600 KJ/hr W h e r e : m fg = (mf + mAir) Kg/Secm Air = Cd Ao 2 g h Air Wtg/ Sec Air = ( Pa x 102 ) / ( R x Ta ) Kg/ m3Cd ( Coefficient of Discharge ) = 0.6, Ao ( Area of Orifice ) = ( d o2)/ 4 m2 , P1 = 1.01325 Bar, R = 0.287 KJ/Kg K, T a = ( ta + 273 ) K, ta = Ambient Temperature o C (viii) Unaccounted heat energy loss, QUnaccounted = Qs { QBP + QCW + QEG } KJ/hr PROCEDURE : 1. Before starting the engine check the fuel supply, lubrication oil, and availabi lit y of cooling water. 2. S et t he d yna mo me t e r t o z er o lo ad a nd r u n t he e ng i ne t i l l it at t a in t h e wo r k ing t e mp e r at ur e a nd steady state condition. 3. Note down the fuel consu mpt ion rate, Engine coo ling water f l o w r a t e , i n l e t a n d o u t l e t temperature of the engine cooling water, Exhaust g ases cooling water flow rate, Air flow rate, and Air inlet temperature. 4. Set t he d yna mo met er t o 20 % o f t he fu ll lo ad, t ill it at t ain s t h e s t e a d y s t a t e c o n d i t i o n . N o t e down the fuel consumption rate, Engine c ooling water flow rate, inlet and outlet temperature of the engine cooling water, Exhaust g ases cooling water flow rate, Air flow rate, and Air inlet temperature.

5 . R ep e at t he e xp e r i me nt at 4 0 % , 60 % , a nd 8 0 % o f t he fu l l lo a d at co n st a n t s p ee d. 6 . D i s e n g a g e t h e d y n a m o m e t e r a n d s t o p t h e e n g i n e . 7. Do th e necessary calculat ion and prepare the heat balance sheet. OBSERVATIONS:

Engine Speed, N= 1500 rpm N o . o f C y l i n d e r s , n = S i n g l e Ca lo r ific Va lu e o f Fu e l, C. V. = 38 , 000 K J / K g Specific Heat of Water, Cw = 4.187 K J / K g . K Specific Heat of Exhaust Flue Gases, Cfg = 2.1 KJ/Kg . KG a s C o n s t a n t , R = 0.287 K J / K g . K Ambient Temperature, ta A t m o s p h e r i c P r e s s u r e , P a = 1 . 0 1 3 2 5 B a r O r i f i c e D i a m e t e r , d o = 2 5 x 1 0 3 m C o e f f i c i e n t o f D i s c h a r g e , C d = 0 . 6 Density of fuel (Diesel), Fuel = 810 to 910 Kg/m3 Density of Water, water Brake Drum Diameter, D 3 mRope Diameter, d ess, t Belt 0 3 m OBSERVATIONSTABLE: = 1,000 Kg/m3 = 181.5 x 10Or Belt thickn = 5 . 5 x 1

viva Questions 1. Explain the airfuel ratio? 2. What is Injection Timing? 3. What are the methods of available for improving the performance of an engine? 4. Distinguish between power and specific output? 5. What is the importance of specific fuel consumption? 6. What is the torque of an engine?