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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1 RF Optimization Overview ............................................................................................. 2 1.1 Clusters ................................................................................................................................. 2 1.2 Drive Routes ......................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Tools...................................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Optimization Targets ............................................................................................................. 2 1.5 Optimization Solutions .......................................................................................................... 3 1.6 Overall Process ..................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter 2 RF Analysis Approach.................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Cell Dominance ..................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 CPICH Coverage (RSCP) ..................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Interference (CPICH Ec/Io) ................................................................................................... 7 2.4 Uplink Coverage.................................................................................................................... 8 2.5 Pilot Pollution ........................................................................................................................ 9 2.6 Estimated Active Set Size ................................................................................................... 10 2.7 Neighbor List verification..................................................................................................... 11 2.8 UE SHO Performance......................................................................................................... 12 2.9 Drop Calls............................................................................................................................ 12 Summary.......................................................................................................................................... 15
List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 1-1 Optimization Suggest Targets .................................................................................... 2 Table 2-1 Pilot pollution results ................................................................................................ 10 Table 2-2 Example output of the Neighbor list verification ....................................................... 12 Table 2-3 Soft handover success rate...................................................................................... 12
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Introduction
Introduction
This document provides a detailed discussion of the RF (Cluster) optimization phase of the 3G radio network. It is expected that all integrated sites will undergo the Single Site Verification process. The objectives of the single site verification are to ensure there is no installation or parameters related faults with any of the sites. Once all the sites in a given area are integrated and verified, RF (or Cluster) optimization could begin. This refers to the main phase of optimization which aims at optimizing coverage while in the same time keeping interference and pilot pollution under control over the target area. This document presents a step-by-step approach for the analysis of drive survey data that collected using Agilent Scanner and test UE. The analysis is being done using Actix Analyzer. It should be emphasized that the RF optimization will be an ongoing activity and will need to be revisited as traffic increases in the network and as new sites are deployed. In addition, as the network matures, the optimization process should take into account statistical data and key performance indicators collected throughout the network. In this document, sample data from one part of the network is used to illustrate the various analysis techniques. Although this data is from an incomplete cluster of sites, it is sufficient for the purpose of this document. The layout of this document is as follows: Section 2 provides an overview of the RF optimization process while section 3 outlines the analysis steps need to identify various RF issues. A summary of the analysis is provided in section 4. The appendixes at the end of the document contain various Actix related configuration data that should be used when performing data analysis to ensure consistency throughout the network.
1.3 Tools
The drive surveys should be conducted using the Agilent scanner and Test UE in continuous AMR call or Video Phone call. The use of the UE data is important to the RF optimization as it provides additional information that could help identify certain issues, such as: Uplink coverage problems, missing neighbors, too many soft handover events, etc. The scanner will be using an externally mounted antenna while the UE will be kept inside the car in the same location for each drive test. For post-processing the data, Actix Analyzer will be used as outlined in this document. For consistency, Actix should be configured as outlined in Appendixes A-D of this document.
Item CPICH Ec/Io Active Set size (estimated) Pilot pollution Threshold UE Tx power SHO Success rate Max Target Target Minimum Target Max %
Comments Applicable for unloaded network. Based on scanner data. % of time a cell is seen as a pilot polluter. Relative to best server when cell in not in Active Set. Assuming 21 dBm max. For e1a, e1b & e1c
Any observed issues should be marked on the plot for further investigation and correlation with other plots.
Note: The above levels are applicable for outdoor scanner measurements.
Areas of poor coverage as well as significant areas of fair coverage should be highlighted for further investigation.
It is also useful to examine the RSCP coverage on per cell bases in order to highlight any cells that have too large a footprint. An example can be seen in Figure2-2 in section 4. When comparing RSCP coverage from scanner and UE, it should be noted that the UE will have lower levels as a result of the in-car penetration loss and differences of antenna gain.
Note: The -8 dB threshold takes into account the expected future interference increase as a result of increased traffic.
Areas of poor Ec/Io should be checked against RSCP levels as follows: If RSCP levels are also POOR, then the fundamental cause of low is Ec/Io is poor coverage
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If RSCP levels are GOOD, this will imply strong system interference. Such scenario could arise when two sectors are pointing at each other.
Areas of poor Ec/Io should be highlighted for further investigation. An example Ec/Io plot is shown in Figure 2-3below. Comparisons of the Ec/Io plots from the scanner and UE should be made. Areas where UE Ec/Io is significantly lower than that of the scanner may imply a problem of missing neighbor or delayed soft handover which can be associated with call drops.
SC 8 9 10 11 12 13 16 17 18 19 20 21 32 35 37 43 48 53 67 80 130
% in Pollution Set 12.9% 10.3% 9.8% 9.7% 9.2% 8.4% 5.9% 5.9% 4.7% 4.6% 4.6% 3.5% 3.4% 2.4% 2.1% 1.2% 0.5% 0.4% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1%
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Table 2-2below shows a typical example from running the Neighbor List Verification for one cell (SC: 009).
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It should be noted that careful consideration is needed prior to removing neighbors since the Actix results are drive route dependent.
Table 2-2 Example output of the Neighbor list verification
SC
009
Cell
70548
Site
Ajman Central
Latitude
25.41204
Longitude
55.447
%
14.2% 8.0% 5.4% 3.5% 3.1% 3.0% 3.0% 2.1% 1.0% 0.9% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
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RF related issues that may result in drop calls may include: Poor coverage (RSCP & Ec/Io) High interference and hence poor Ec/Io Poor uplink coverage (insufficient UE Tx power) Poor dominance (best cell changes too frequently resulting in too many SHO events) Pilot pollution (too many cells present) Missing neighbors Fast change of RF conditions (e.g. turning a corner) If none of the above are the causes of the call drop and the RF conditions are evidently good at the location of the drop call, then the failure should be reported as a system fault for further analysis. (Such analysis would also require collecting network traces). Note that drop calls that repeatedly occur in same locations must be analyzed in detail in order to determine the exact causes. Drop Call Analysis There are a number of approaches for drop call analysis and the steps below are designed to assist in quickly identifying RF related failures: If RSCP & Ec/Io degrades before drop for BOTH scanner and UE then check for coverage problems If prior to the drop, the Ec/Io (and RSCP) degrades for UE ONLY while scanner shows no degradation, then the following checks should be made: Is the best server for the UE is the same as that of the scanner? (If not, it is possible that the UE failed to perform soft handover) Does UE camp on new cell immediately after drop? If the UE camps on a new cell after the drop, was that cell neighbored to the previous cell? (if not, consider adding this neighbor) Was the UE measuring this neighbor? Were there too many and too quick changes of best server making it difficult for UE to perform measurements and SHO in time. (if this is the case: improve cell dominance through antenna optimization) Does the UE Tx power increase to max prior to dropping call while Ec/Io level remains good? If the Tx power increase is gradual and UE is far from site the failure is due to uplink coverage limitation If the increase is sudden and UE may be not be too far from site - Check uplink load from SIB7 following drop call is it unusually high? If uplink load is reported to be high, confirm from network stats that the high load is due to genuine traffic otherwise check for a possible site fault If uplink load is not high, problem could be due to possible power control failure. If the above steps do not reveal the causes of the drop calls then analysis of the messages should be carried out to determine the sequence of events prior to the drop call. If the drop call does not appear to be RFrelated and the RF conditions at the location of the drop appear to be goods then no further work is needed as part of the RF Optimizations.
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However, exact location of the drop should be marked for later comparisons with future drive surveys (if un-explained drops keep occurring at the same location, more detailed investigation will be required to establish the exact causes).
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Summary
Summary
This document outlined analysis approach for RF drive survey data as well as analysis of some drop calls. Throughout the report, example Actix plots were used for illustration purposes only as the data was collected from an incomplete cluster of sites.
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