Section C and D

Some additional problems on probability and distributions: Question 1 In a certain community, every couple stops producing children after a son is born to them. Assuming that the probability of getting a male or a female child are equal, (a) (b) (c) (d) What is the average number of children per couple? What proportion of couples will have more than 3 children? What proportion of couples will have no children? What is the maximum number of children per couple if we consider any Probability less than .1% as insignificant?

Question 2 Four coins A, B, C, and D are tossed 100 times each. The standard deviations of the number of heads are 5, 10, 15 and 20 respectively. Which of the coins is unbiased? Question 3 (Poisson Distribution) The new military air base was set up recently in the outskirts of Anekal. The planes, which go out for training and exercises, return to the base at random. There are two different runways on the base and these can be operated independently. It was decided that one runway will be exclusively used for landing and the other will be used for take-off only. Venu Suresh, who is the chief of air traffic controllers (ATCs), has to decide how many of them should be on each shift. Currently, he has 4 ATCs operating on each shift. On the basis of the last 20 days of the operations of the air base, Venu has calculated that he has to handle an average of 15 landings and 15 take-offs per hour. He has allocated two ATCs to control the landings and the other two for take-offs. The take-offs can be scheduled well in advance to a large extent. Whenever there are less than 10 takeoffs scheduled in an hour, one ATC can handle the take-offs and the other is then transferred to control the landings. Because of the initiating processes involved, the transfers are done on an hourly basis. a. b. What is the probability that Venu has 3 ATCs to control the landings in the first three hours of the morning? What is the probability that, in an eight hour shift, Venu has 3 ATCs controlling the landing in at least 2 hours?

Venu felt that the average number of landings is likely to be much higher than 15 per hr in the first shift on this particular day and hence he is considering allotting an extra ATC (in addition to the 4 he has) for controlling the landings. He knows that such an allotment is warranted only if the average number of landings is 30 per hour or more, which he believes is the likely scenario on this shift. However to be more

certain, he thought of timing the gap between the next two landings and decided to allot an extra ATC only if this gap is less than 180 sec. c. If Venu, based on the gap between the next two landings, decided not to allot an extra ATC, what is the probability that he was wrong in his decision?