Olym mpiads School Math grade 5 class 2: notes and homew l work

Wh hole numbe (2) ers Factors 1. F ectangular array is an arrangeme of objec in rows a columns. Each row has r n ent cts and w A re the same numb of object and each column ha the same number of o ber ts, h as objects. A rect tangular arra can be re ay epresented b a multipl by lication num mber mode el. ample Exa This rectangula array has 15 red dots s ar s. s w. It has 3 rows with 5 dots in each row *5=15 is a n number mod for this array. del 3* 3 and 5 are w whole-numb factors o 15. ber of 5 nd 15 is the product of 3 an 5. 3 and 5 are a factor pair for 15. r mbers can h have more th one fact pair. 1 a 15 are a han tor and another facto pair for 1 or 15 Num beca ause 1*15= =15. test r of number, divi the larger number b the ide by To t whether a number is a factor o another n sma aller number If the resu is a who number a the rem r. ult ole and mainder is 0, then the sm maller num mber is a fac of the la ctor arger number. Exa ample 4 is a factor of 12 because 12/4 gives 3 with a rem mainder of 0. 6 is not a factor of 1 14 beca ause 14/6 gives 2 with a remainde of 2. er One way to fin all the fac e nd ctors of a w whole numb is to fin all the fac pairs fo that ber nd ctor or num mber. ample Exa Find all the fac d ctors of the number 24. n Nu umber Factor r Mo odels Pairs 1, 24 24= =1*24 2, 12 24= =2*12 24= =3*8 3, 8 24= =4*6 4, 6 The factors of 2 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 1 24. e 24 12,

actice in cla ass Pra List all the who t ole-number factors of e each numbe er. 1. 8 , 2. 27, 3. 49, 4. 36, 5. 13, 6. 100 ,

Olympiads School Math grade 5 class 2: notes and homework

2. Divisibility When a counting number is divided by a counting number and the quotient is a counting with a remainder of 0, then the first number is divisible by the second number. Example 124/4 31 R0 The remainder is 0, so 124 is divisible by 4.

When counting number is divided by a counting number and the quotient is a whole number with a non-zero remainder, then the first number is not divisible by the second number. Example 88 / 5 17 R3, The remainder is not 0, so 88 is not divisible by 5.

For some counting numbers, even large ones, it is possible to test for divisibility without dividing. Here are divisibility tests that make it unnecessary to divide. All numbers are divisible by 1. All numbers with a 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 in the ones place are divisible by 2. they are even numbers. Any whole number with 0 in the ones place is divisible by 10. Any whole number with 0 or 5 in the ones place is divisible by 5. If the sum of the digits in a whole number is divisible by 3, then the number is divisible by 3. If the sum of the digits in a whole number is divisible by 9, then the number is divisible by 9. If a whole number is divisible by both 2 and 3, it is divisible by 6. Example Tell which numbers 216 is divisible by. 216 is divisible by 2 because 6 in the ones place is an even number 3 because the sum of its digits is 9, which is divisible by 3. 9 because the sum of its digits is divisible by 9. 6 because it is divisible both by 2 and by 3. 216 is not divisible by 10 or 5 because it does not have a 0 or 5 in the ones place. Practice in class Which numbers are divisible by 2? By 3? By 5? By 6? By 9? By 10? 1. 105 2. 6,270 3. 526 4. 711 5. 13,680

Olympiads School Math grade 5 class 2: notes and homework

3. Prime and Composite Numbers A prime number is a counting number greater than 1 that has exactly two factors: 1 and the number itself. A prime number is divisible only by 1 and itself. A composite number is a counting number that has more than two factors. Example 11 is a prime number because its only factors are 1 and 11. 20 is a composite number because it has more than two factors. Its factors are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, and 20. Every composite number can be renamed as a product of prime numbers. This is called the prime factorization of that number. Example Find the prime factorization of 48. The number 48 can be renamed as the product 2*2*2*2*3. The prime factorization of 48 can be written as 24*3. One way to find the prime factorization of a number is to make a factor tree. First, write the number. Then, underneath, write any two factors whose product is that number. Repeat the process for these two factors. Continue until all the factors are prime numbers. Example Find the prime factorization of 24. No matter which two factors are used to start the tree, the tree will always end with the same prime factors. 24
24

3*8
6* 4

3* 2* 4
2*3* 2* 2

3* 2* 2* 2 24= 2*2*2*3 The prime factorization of 24 is 2*2*2*3.

Practice in class Make a factor tree to find the prime factorization of each number. 1. 12 2. 28 3. 50 4. 36 5. 32

6. 60

Olympiads School Math grade 5 class 2: notes and homework

4. Addition Algorithms Partial-sums method The partial-sums method is used to find sums mentally or with paper and pencil.

To use the partial-sums method, add from left to right, one column at a time. Then add the partial sums.
Example 348+177=?

Add the 100s. 300+100 Add the 10s. 40+70 Add the 1s. 8+70 Add the partial sums. 400+110+15 348+177= 525

100s 3 + 1 4 1

10s 4
7 0 1 1 2

1s 8
7 0 0 5 5

Column-addition Method The column-addition method can be used to find sums with paper and pencil, but it is not a good method for finding sums mentally.

To add numbers using the column-addition method: Draw lines to separate the 1s, 10s, 100s, or any other places. Add the numbers in each column. Write each sum in its column. If the sum of any column is a 2-digit number, adjust that column sum. Trade part of the sum into the column to the left.
Example 329+298 = ? Add the numbers in each column. Adjust the 1s and 10s: 17 ones= 1 ten and 7 ones, trade the 1 ten into the tens column. Adjust the 10s and 100s: 15 tens = 1 hundred and 5 tens, trade the 1 hundred into the hundreds column.

100s
+

10s
5 9 14 15 5

1s
9 8 17 7 7

3 2 5 5 6 329+298 = 658

Olympiads School Math grade 5 class 2: notes and homework

A Short Method This is the method for adding that most adults in the United States were taught. Add one column at a time from right to left, without displaying the partial sums. Example 248 + 187 = ? Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: add the hundreds 1 1 2 4 8 + 1 8 7 4 3 5

add the ones 1 2 4 8 + 1 8 7 5 8 ones+7 ones = 15ones = 1ten+5ones

add the tens. 1 1 2 4 8 + 1 8 7 3 5 1 ten+4 tens+8 tens=13 tens=1 hunred+3 tens

1 hundred+ 2 hundreds+1hundres = 4hundreds

The Opposite-Change Rule Addends are numbers that are added. In 8+4=12, the number 8 and 4 are addends.

Here is the opposite-change rule: if you subtract a number from one added, and add the same number to the other added, the sum is the same. Use this rule to make a problem easier by changing either of the addends to a number that has zero in the ones place.
Example 59+26=? One way: Add and subtract 1. (add 1) 59 60 + 26 (subtract 1) + 25 85 Practice in class Another way: Subtract and add 4 (subtract 4) 59 55 + 26 (add 4) + 30 85

Add. 263 1. +425 5. 538 + 427

2.

75 +38

3.

188 +33

4.

769 +348

6. 941 + 89

Olympiads School Math grade 5 class 2: notes and homework

Homework for G5 Basic problems Addition 1.

33 + 430

2.

83 + 52

3.

668 + 77

4.

254 + 46 _____

5.

456 + 67 ______

6.

775 + 82

7.

32 + 536

8.

777 + 968

Complete 1. 2 x ___ = 18

2. 4 x ___ = 8 8 4 = ___ 5.

3. 3 x 6 = ___ ___ 3 = 6 6. ___ x 4 = 20 20 ___ = 4 ___ x 7 = 7 7 ___ = 7 10. ___ x 4 = 32 32 ___ = 4 4 x 8 = ___ ___ 4 = 8

4. 6 x 3 = ___ ___ 6 = 3 7. 10 x ___ = 50 50 10 = ___ 11. ___ x 9 = 81 81 ___ = 9

18 2 = ___ 4. ___ x 1 = 1 1 ___ = 1 8. 5 x 3 = ___ ___ 5 = 3 9.

Complete 1. 40 4 = ___

2. 45 9 = ___ 6.

3. 60 10 = ___ 7. 63 7 = ___ 15 5 = ___

4. 32 8 = ___ 8. 21 3 = ___

5. 72 9 = ____

Olympiads School Math grade 5 class 2: notes and homework

Complete

1. 6 438

2. 5 771

3. 6 275

4. 5 655

5. 7 7,083

6. 5 4,260

7. 3 9,493

8. 2 8,738

9. 6 33,970

10. 9 22,806

11. 7 71,563

12. 4 8,738

Simplify.

1. 78 6 + 3

2. 552 4 1

3. 27 3 + 4 - 1

4. 40 4 1 - 3 4

5. 60 3 + 4 - 3

6. 84 4 2

7. 7 + 16 4

8. 8 + 4 16 8

9. 90 5 5

10. 63 9 + 1 5

Olympiads School Math grade 5 class 2: notes and homework

Word problems:

1. If the Santa Maria had forty-one men aboard, the Pinta carried twenty-six men, and the Nina nineteen men. How many crew members went on the famous voyage?

2. Summer days are long in Australia. If there is three times more daylight than night, how many daylight hours are there?

3. In 1998 Queen Olivia celebrated her Golden Jubilee. The Golden Jubilee is celebrated 50 years after one becomes king or queen. In what year did Olivia become queen?

4. It is currently 11:42 a.m. Oba needs to be at his neighborhood mosque by 12:27 p.m. If it takes him twenty-one minutes to shower, six minutes to get dressed and thirteen minutes to eat a meal, does Oba have enough time to do all three tasks before he has to be at the mosque?

5. In 1991 the fourth graders at Mountain Springs Elementary School planted 15 maple trees around their school. When their leaves changed to crimson this fall, a new group of fourth graders planted some elm trees. How many years was it from the time the maple trees were planted to the time the elm trees were planted?

Olympiads School Math grade 5 class 2: notes and homework

6. On April 12, 1934, the wind speed on top of Mount Washington was recorded at 231 miles per hour. When Hurricane Gloria struck on September 28, 1985, the highest recorded wind speed was 72 miles per hour. How much faster was the wind on top of Mount Washington, than the winds from Hurricane Gloria?

7. Jennifer and her mother are going to a mother-daughter party. The party begins at 3:44 p.m. Jennifer has to shower, get dressed, and style her hair before she goes. It is 1:53 p.m. now. Jennifer and her mother want to leave for the party at 3:22 p.m. How long does Jennifer have to get ready?

8. Anthony plans to spend his vacation visiting China. His flight will depart from New York at 3:50 p.m. on August 10th and will arrive Beijing at 11:12 p.m. on August 11th. Anthony's flight will make a stop in Vancouver, Canada for 2 hours and 10 minutes. Beijing is in a time zone twelve hours ahead of New York. What's the total flight time without the connected service in Vancouver?

9. Ali's family has a large garden with many different fruit trees. Last year they harvested a lot of fruit: seventeen pounds of peaches, forty pounds of plums, and twenty-six pounds of apples. Ali's mother decided to dry twenty-nine pounds of the total amount of fruit in the sun. She used the rest of the fruit to make jelly. How many pounds of fruit did Ali's mother have to make jelly?