Type characters are generated as outlines that are filled in as solid formed of Bezier

Spinelines

invented by Pier Bezier, a French mathematician (1910 -1999)

1985 apple introduced first lazer printer

Paul Brainerd

formed>Aldus >DevelopedPageMakerforMac

1990 = colour capable Macintosh II

Designers whoembracedtechnology were callednewprimitives bythose whodidnot

embrace it.

April Grieman

explored the visual properties of bitmapped fonts, the layering and

overlapping of computer screen info, synthesis of video and print and teactile patterns and

shapes.

She created a single sheet magazine published by the Walter Art Centre (2x6ft

digital

image)

Art School/Universities became important centres for redefi ning graphic design

designedepartment at MichiganCranbrookAcademyofArt

Katherine and Mike McRoy

lead the program

Transformed it from a logical program to an experimental one

Revitalizing Magazine Design

Quark express enableddesigners to placeelementsona pageinincrements of 100000

th

of aninch

David Carson

(Surfer/School Teacher) gone designer, rejected traditional notions of

typographical syntaxandimagery

ie. -Arranged letterheads erratically

sliced away parts of letters so readers could decipher messages

believes one should not mistake legibility for communication.

Fred Woodward

-Art Director of Rolli

-Added new t ography to the Magazine Stock

Ie. Large scale type + full pg photo of Sinead OConnor gave a new feel to the magazine

Stone Magazine

The Magazine converted to Mac, but woodward still incorporated a handmade look

Digital Type Foundry

Fontographer allowed designers the ability to design and market typefaces as electronic

files

Summer Stone designed stone for Adobe in Serif, Sans Serif and Informal

In the past when designers developed for linotype or monotype, they took the specific

nature of the type setting equipment into account

now designers create fonts for many

output devices.

ie: high and low res display

ink jet printers

output devices that dont exist

Carol Tuomby

( developed Charlemagne font) and

Robert Slimback

(A calligrapher) =

outstanding type designers for Adobe

Matthew Carter

designed scores of typefaces, as typographic technology evolved from

metal type to photo type then digital type. During an association of with Linotype from 1965

to 1981, Carters designs included the uniquitous bell centennial, created for early

highspeed digital and cathode ray tube (crt) technology.

Carter formed Carter & Cone Type of Campbridge, Mass.

Digital Imaging

Pat Gorman

created of the MTV logo by exploring editing controls in a tv studio. The

Studio engineer became so upset over her experimentation that he left her alone with the

equipment, locking her in the studio so others would not observe her audacious behaviour.

Gorman called the desi gn Bad Television it stands in stark contrast to

broadcast televisions focus on correct colour fidelity.

Interactive Media

Hypertext = text on a computer screen containing pointers to other text

accessedinanonlinear manor.

Interactive media is also known as hypermedia

extends the concept of hypertext to a

combinationofaudio, video, visuals andcinematiccommunication all connectedtoa

coherent bodyofcommunication.

VizAbility was an exemplary interactive cd -rom program that taught concepts relation to

visual perceptionandhelpedusers developheightenedvisual awareness

designedbyMetadesigninSanFrancisco headedbyGermanDesigner Erik

Spiekermann.

Linear series

=sequence of screenswhichcanbecalledonscreenoneafteranother

(slide show)

Spatial Zoom

= lets viewer acquire closer or more detailed data by clicking the word for

a definition or image for more detail.

Overlays

= different view of same info. ( a m ap of rome that changes through history)

Hierarchies

= branching structures organized like a family tree

Matrix

= organized data on a grid of interconnected pathways.

TheW was developedbyphysicist eb

Tim Berners Lee

at the European Organization

for Nuclear Research in Geneva.

In1976architect anddesigner

Richard Saul Wurman

coined the term information

architecture predicting it would become a new profession of individuals who made

complex information understand able.

Conceptualism, a common attribute of Japanese graphic design, is profusely present in

thecomplexdesigns of

Hideki Nakajima

The Isreali graphic designer

David Tartakover

studied at the Bezale Academy of Art and

design in Jerusalem before graduating from the London College of printing in 1968

he had operated his own studio in telaviv, specializing on visual communication on

cultural themes

The Conceptual Book Cover

The designs of

Charles I. Kidd

for Alfred A. Knopf revolutionized book jacket design

By distancing the title from the image on the cover, Kid puts a very specific kind of

pressure on readers: he asks them to bridge the gap between what they read and what

they see

ChazMaviyanne Davies

called the guerilla of graphic design, creates posters

with richly metaphoric yet hopeful messages.

A New Generation of Film Titles

*Imaginary Forces was launched in 1996 by Kyle

Cooper, Chip Houghton and

Peter

Frankfurt

*designed spider man film title

integrating graphic design, motion and interactive media

The Digital Vanguard

Graphic Design in the 90s often incorporated the digital process in complex visual

combination of information architecture, media tech. and culture.

Erik Adigard& Patricia McShane

explored the potential of digital process. Their

frontispiece designs for WIRED mag. Built visual essays out of cover stories.

Adigrard designed the cover

Money is Just a Type of Information

by makingacollageof

foreign currencies.

Many London Graphic design studios embraced contemporary fine art that is

connected to pop culture. They also draw from traditional graphic design.

Alan Kitching

renowned for his innovative wood and metal letterforms.

Before the computer, designers were liberating type from the page by turning them

into expressionist signs. Futurist artist and designer

Filippo Marinetti

celebrated

words in freedom on his technical manifestation of futurist literature of 1912.

The used oftest as signs or as visual formbeganas farbackas 33 BC, whenit was

referred to as pattern poetry. The Cubists, Dadaists, and futurists all explored word

images and shapedtext.

Guillaume Apollinaire

shaped text to illustrate ideas in

hiscalligrames and editorial pages.

In the 80s Korean designer

Ahn Sang-Soo

designed experimental letters based

on older Korean typefaces. It was the first to deviate from the rigidity the Korean

alphabet created in the mid 15

th

centurt.

Graphic designers from the Netherlands remain on the cutting edge of their field

A Mexican Vanguard

Mexicos expanding political and econ. Business environment has

provided incentives and challenges for the contemporary graph. Designer. Many Mexican designers were born in other countries.