Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

LO4 Statistical charts and graphs: Scatter Plots, Line of Best Fit
1. The degree of connection or association between two variables can be described as positive correlation, strong negative correlation, zero correlation, etc. 1.1 Define the following correlations: 1.1.1 Negative correlation. 1.1.2 Perfect correlation. 1.1.3 Positive correlation. 1.1.4 Zero correlation. 1.2 Draw a scatter plot of each of the above correlations. 2. An ice hockey coach measured the height and weight of the eleven member of her team. He recorded the results in the table below. Person A B C D E F G H I J K Height 163 154 168 179 156 179 175 165 170 177 159 (cm): x Weight 57 56 59 65 60 70 68 58 54 66 62 (kg): y 2.1 2.2 2.3 Which is the independent variable? Compare the weight and height of persons A and I. Display the data above as a scatter plot.

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Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

3. The soccer coach compared the number of goals each of the players in the first and second teams scored during the season. She tabulated her results as follows: POSITION Goalie Sweeper Left Half Centre Half Right Half Left Link Centre Link Right Link Left Wing Right Wind Centre Forward 3.1 3.2 GOALS SCORED: 1st team 0 0 1 0 2 1 1 2 12 19 28 GOALS SCORED: 2ND team 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 2 5 32

Show the above information on a scatter plot. In your opinion, is there a correlation between the position played by a hockey player and the number of goals scored? Draw a line of best fit on your graph to see whether it supports your answer to 3.2 above.

3.3

Selling Mileage 4. There appears to be a direct correlation between the price of a second hand motor Price (R) (km) 180 000 10 000 vehicle and the mileage the motor vehicle 160 000 20 000 has done. The table on the right shows the 140 000 30 000 mileage and selling price of a number of vehicles sold by Gilmore Motors. 120 000 40 000 100 000 50 000 4.1 Draw a scatter plot of the data in the 90 000 55 000 table. 70 000 60 000 50 000 70 000 4.2 How would you describe the pattern 45 000 80 000 formed by the points in this scatter plot. 40 000 85 000

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Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

5. The Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy teacher compared the mark her learners achieved in their Mathematical Literacy examination to their mark they achieved in their English Grammar examination. The teacher listed the Mathematical Literacy mark and English mark as pairs of co-ordinates as follows: (35;45) (21;24) (70;68) (56;54) 78;79) (92;91) (77;81) (67;71) (67;67) (90;93) (80;82) (35;41) (44;46) (48;49) (56;65) (66;69) (78;81) (45;46)

5.1 Plot the points on a scatter plot. 5.2 Draw a line of best fit. 5.3 Determine the mean, mode and median for the Mathematical Literacy examination results.

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Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

ANSWERS
1.1.1 Negative correlation: The points on a scatter plot lie more or less on a line with a negative gradient. 1.1.2 Perfect correlation: The points of the scatter plot lie perfectly on a line, either with a positive or a negative gradient. 1.1.3 Positive correlation: The points of the scatter plot lie more of less on a line with a positive gradient.
1.1.4

Zero correlation: The points of the scatter plot are not connected in any way.

1.2 1.2.1 Negative correlation:

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

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Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

1.2.2 Perfect correlation:

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

1.2.3 Positive correlation:

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

1.2.4 Zero correlation:

30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 2 4 6 8 10

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Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

2.1
2.2

Height is the independent variable, and weight is the dependent variable. A weights 57 kg and is 163 cm tall, while I weights 54 kg and is 170 cm tall. From this information it is clear that you cannot determine a persons weight if you know the persons height. Different people have different metabolisms and bone structures, which means that it is not possible to determine a persons weight based on their height.

2.3
Hockey team weight and height
80 70

Weight in kg

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 150 Hockey team weight and height

160

170

180

190

Height in cm

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Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

3.1
Number of goals scored
Number of goals scored 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Number of position played First team Second team

3.2

There is a correlation between the position played and the number of goals scored. The players who play at the back of the field, such as the goalie, the sweeper and the halves, do not seem to score goals, but the players who play at the front of the field such as the centre forward and the left and right wings, seem to score most of the goals.

3.3
Number of goals scored
Number of goals scored 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Number of position played First team Second team

The line drawn on a scatter plot where there are an equal number of points above and below the line is the line of best fit, which reflects the trend shown by the scatter plot.

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Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

4.1
Cost vs Mileage
100000 80000 Mileage 60000 40000 20000 0 0 50000 100000 Selling Price 150000 200000 Cost vs Mileage

4.2

There is a negative correlation between the selling price of a motor vehicle and the mileage of the motor vehicle. The higher the mileage the lower the selling price of the vehicle.

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Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

5.1
Marks for Mathematical Literacy and English
Marks out of 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 5 10 Number of learners 15 20 Mathematical Literacy Marks English Marks

5.2
Marks for Mathematical Literacy and English
Marks out of 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 5 10 Number of learners 15 20 Mathematical Literacy Marks English Marks

5.3

Mean:
Sum of data No. of data 1105 = 61,39 18

Mode: 35; 56; 67; 78 Median:

66 + 67 2

= 66,5

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