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BSNL 3G
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PREPARED BY
B. Tech., fourth Year Electronics & Communication Engineering Your college name

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INDEX

1) 2)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 BSNL BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED2-19 ABOUT US SERVICES PROVIDED BY BSNL Internet ISDN Intelligent Network services I-Net Leased lines And Datacom Cellular Mobile Services Wireless In local Loop PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRONIC EXCHANGES E-10B SYSTEM Evolution & Architecture Application Subscriber Facility Switching Network Operation & Maintenance Center(O.M.C.) CSED Distribution frame ROLE OF E.C.E. IN BSNL

1)

BSNL 3G ( THIRD GENERATION )20-26 ABOUT 3G What is 3G USIM 3G Data Card 3G Handset Video Calling Achievement TELEGRAPH .27 ABOUT US NETWORK SERVICES

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5)

COMPUTER NETWORKS 28-41

Introduction Advantages Networking Goals Networking Criteria Applications Network Topologies Types of Network LOCAL AREA NETWORK LAN Transmission Methods LAN Topologies LAN Devices Components of a LAN Networking Basics OSI REFERENCE MODEL

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am highly grateful to all the persons who provide their valuable time, acquaintance and support during my summer training. This period of training has been a great time of learning and observation for me and the below mentioned people were some of the few who played a significant role in making it so.

I like to extend a deep sense of gratitude to Mr. -------, SDE BSNL ----Exchange, city name, for providing necessary facility and infrastructure for my summer training project. I am grateful for giving me all valuable knowledge about the topic and guiding me in the best possible way during my training period. Finally, I thank all the officers and staff of BSNL ------ who extended their help in completing my training program successfully.

Your name
4th Year, Electronics & Communication Engineering Your college name.
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BSNL BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED VISION AND MISSION

To be a world class Telecommunication Company integrated in information exchange business with dominant Indian leadership and global presence.

ABOUT US
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. formed in October, 2000, is World's 7th largest Telecommunications Company providing comprehensive range of telecom services in India: Wire line, CDMA mobile, GSM Mobile, Internet, Broadband, Carrier service, MPLS-VPN, VSAT, VoIP services, IN Services etc. Within a span of five years it has become one of the largest public sector unit in India. BSNL has installed Quality Telecom Network in the country and now focusing on improving it, expanding the network, introducing new telecom services with ICT applications in villages and wining customer's confidence. Today, it has about 47.3 million line basic telephone capacity, 4 million WLL capacity, 20.1 Million GSM Capacity, more than 37382 fixed exchanges, 18000 BTS, 287 Satellite Stations, 480196 Rkm of OFC Cable, 63730 Rkm of Microwave Network connecting 602 Districts, 7330 cities/towns and 5.5 Lakhs villages. BSNL is the only service provider, making focused efforts and planned initiatives to bridge the Rural-Urban Digital Divide ICT sector. In fact there is no telecom operator in the country to beat its reach with its wide network giving services in every nook & corner of country and operates across India except Delhi & Mumbai. Whether it is inaccessible areas of Siachen glacier and North-eastern region of the country. BSNL serves its customers with its wide bouquet of telecom services. BSNL is numero uno operator of India in all services in its license area. The company offers vide ranging & most transparent tariff schemes designed to suite every customer. BSNL cellular service, CellOne, has more than 17.8 million cellular customers, garnering 24 percent of all mobile users as its subscribers. That means that almost every fourth mobile user in the country has a BSNL connection. In basic services, BSNL is miles ahead of its rivals, with 35.1 million Basic Phone subscribers i.e. 85 per cent share of the subscriber base and 92 percent share in revenue terms. BSNL has more than 2.5 million WLL subscribers and 2.5 million Internet Customers who access Internet through various modes viz. Dial-up, Leased Line, DIAS, Account Less Internet(CLI). BSNL has been adjudged as the NUMBER ONE ISP in the country. BSNL has set up a world class multi-gigabit, multi-protocol convergent IP infrastructure that provides convergent services like voice, data and video through the same Backbone and Broadband Access Network. At present there are 0.6 million DataOne broadband customers.

The company has vast experience in Planning, Installation, network integration and Maintenance of Switching & Transmission Networks and also has a world class ISO 9000 certified Telecom Training Institute. Scaling new heights of success, the present turnover of BSNL is more than Rs.351,820 million (US $ 8 billion) with net profit to the tune of Rs.99,390 million (US $ 2.26 billion) for last financial year. The infrastructure asset on telephone alone is worth about Rs.630,000 million (US $ 14.37 billion).

BSNL plans to expand its customer base from present 47 millions lines to 125 million lines by December 2007 and infrastructure investment plan to the tune of Rs. 733 crores (US$ 16.67 million) in the next three years. The turnover, nationwide coverage, reach, comprehensive range of telecom services and the desire to excel has made BSNL the No. 1 Telecom Company of India.

BATTERY AND POWER PLANT Telecommunications systems require electrical energy for transmission of telegraph signals for exchange switching, energisation of subscribers telephone transmitter and for many miscellaneous functions. The consumption of energy depends not only on the size of installation but also on the methods employed for signaling, switching and transmission. The power plant of any telecommunication system is usually referred as the heart of the installation since the communication system can function only as long as power supply offered by it to be instantly paralyzed. Requirement of Power Supply : Any power supply arrangement for a communication system must have two basic characteristics. (i) (ii) Reliability of the components of the power plant and continuity of the power supply. The power fed to the exchange equipment should be free from noise or hum and to telegraph equipment from large nipple harmonics. is available .Failure of power supply system in any installation renders the communication facilities

Source of Power : Power for the communication system is desired from various sources, of which the important ones utilized in the department are detailed below : (a) Commercial AC power supplies (b) Primary Cells (c) Prime mover generating sets (d) Secondary cells

(e) Static rectifier unit TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART SL.No. 1. Nature of fault Problem Causes Remedy FR/FC Fail Led is - Any one or more rectifier Check each rectifier module lighted main rack on the modules has/have failed. may be reasons of the failure : connector open. connector open. between the modules. front panel to find out which the rectifier has failed. (i) Switch ON the I/P MCB or (ii) Switch on the O/P MCB (iii) Check that the 8 pin flat each module and there is no break in daisy chaining of the above cable. 2. Battery isolated - Any one or more of the Choose the knife switch front Panel of the Following

(i) Input MCB or AC input connect AC input connector. (ii) Output MCB or output or connect the OP connector. (iii) Improper load sharing cable is connected properly in

Led is lighted on Btty. path knife switch is properly. the front panel of open 3. the Main Rack. Load Voltage Dc output voltage High lighted LED on of the Press the Load push Voltage button

is system is higher than 57V High

Reset

the because of some fault in any provided on the front panel. All the modules will be again ON if the fault was of temporary nature otherwise all the modules will be again OFF simultaneously lighting the LOAD

front panel of the one of the module. main rack.

4.

Load Low lighted

Voltage - This may happen when the Urgent action to restore the LED on is system is working on AC input supply is required the batteries for the long time as the batteries need to be system has become lower safety of the batteries. than 44V. - The PSC Card may be Replace the faulty PSC card.

front panel of the and the O/P voltage of the manually disconnected for the main rack.

5.

Mains range lighted

out LEd on

of

faulty. Either the AC input supply Take the corrective action for

is to the main rack is not the mains supply or starry the the coming or the mains supply DG set. Open the terminal block and in - The fuse FO mounted check for the continuity inside the DIN channel the fuse. If faulty, replace it.

front panel of the is too low or too high. main rack.

mountable terminal block Replace the faulty PSC card. may have become open. - The PSC card may be 6. faulty. Mains on battery - If by any reason the Check for the equipment path discharge LED is voltage lighted on of the modules load, It may be too high the become less than the voltage resulting in the current limit may come. faulty. faulty rack by opening the - Replace the faulty PSC card.

front panel of the of the batteries, this lamp of the modules. Isolate the main rack. - The PSC card may be knife switch in the DCDB

7.

System over load - The power system is Check the path which is Led is lighted on getting overloaded. the main rack. faulty. drawing more current. Take -Replace the faulty PSC card. the front panel of - The PSC card may be the corrective action.

SERVICES PROVIDED BY BSNL

When it comes to connecting the four corners of the nation, and much beyond, one solitary name lies embedded at the pinnacle - BSNL. A company that has gone past the number games and the quest to attain the position of a leader . It is working round the clock to take India into the

future by providing world class telecom services for people of India. BSNL is India's no. 1 Telecom Service provider and most trusted Telecom brand of the Nation. Driven by the very best of telecom technology from chosen global leaders, it connects each inch of the nation to the infinite corners of the globe, to enable you to step into tomorrow. Here is an overview of the World Class services offered by the BSNL:

BASIC TELEPHONE SERVICES:The Plain old, Countrywide telephone Service through 32,000 electronic exchanges. Digitalized Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) with a host of Phone Plus value additions. BSNL launched DataOne broadband service in January 2005 which shall be extended to 198 cities very shortly. The service is being provided on existing copper infrastructure on ADSL2 technology. The minimum speed offered to the customer is 256 Kbps at Rs. 250/- per month only. Subsequently, other services such as VPN, Multicasting, Video Conferencing, Video-onDemand, Broadcast application etc will be added.

Internet
Keeping the global network of Networks networked, the countrywide Internet Services of BSNL under the brand name includes Internet dial up/ Leased line access, CLI based access (no account is required) and DIAS service, for web browsing and E-mail applications. You can use your dialup sancharnet account from any place in India using the same access no '172233' , the facility which no other ISP has. BSNL has customer base of more than 1.7 million for sancharnet service. BSNL also offers Web hosting and co-location services at very cheap rates.

ISDN
Integrated Service Digital Network Service of BSNL utilizes a unique digital network providing high speed and high quality voice, data and image transfer over the same line. It can also facilitate both desktop video and high quality video conferencing.

Intelligent Network Services

Intelligent Network Service (In Service) offers value-added services, such as: Free Phone Service (FPH) India Telephone Card (Prepaid card) Account Card Calling (ACC) Virtual Private Network (VPN) Tele-voting Premium Rae Service (PRM) Universal Access Number (UAN) and more

I Net

India s x.25 based packet Switched Public Data Network is operational in 104 cities of the country. It offers x.25 x.28 leased, x.28 Dial up (PSTN) Connection) and frame relay services.

Leased Lines And Datacom

BSNL provides leased lines for voice and data communication for various application on point to point basis. It offers a choice of high, medium and low speed leased data circuits as well as dial-up lines. Bandwidth is available on demand in most cities. Managed Leased Line Network (MLLN) offers flexibility of providing circuits with speeds of nx64 kbps upto 2mbps, useful for Internet leased lines and International Principle Leased Circuits (IPLCs).

Cellular Mobile Service

Countrywide Cellular Service Pre-paid Card BSNLs GSM cellular mobile service Cellone has a customer base of over 5.2 million. CellOne provides all the services like MMS, GPRS, Voice Mail, E-mail, Short Message Service (SMS) both national and international, unified messaging service (send and receive e-mails) etc. You can use CellOne in over 160 countries worldwide and in 270 cellular networks and over 1000 cities/towns across India. It has got coverage in all National and State Highways and train routes. CellOne offers all India Roaming facility to both pre-paid and post-paid customers (including Mumbai & Delhi).

Wireless In Local Loop

This is a communication system that connects customers to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) using radio frequency signals as a substitute for conventional wires fsor all or part of the connection between the subscribers and the telephone exchange. Countrywide WLL is being offered in areas that are non-feasible for the normal network. Helping relieve congestion of connections in the normal cable/wire based network in urban areas. Connecting the remote and scattered rural areas. Limited mobility without any air-time charge
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRONIC EXCHANGES The prime purpose of an exchange is to provide a temporary path for simultaneous, bi-directional transmission of speech between (i) Subscriber lines connected to same exchange (local switching). (ii) Subscriber lines and trunks to other exchange (outgoing trunk call). (iii) Subscriber lines and trunks from other exchanges (incoming trunk calls), and

(iv) Pairs of trunks towards different exchanges (transit switching) These are also called the switching function of an exchange and are implemented through the equipment called the switching network. An exchange which can setup just the first three types of connections is called a subscriber or Local Exchange. If an exchange can Setup only the fourth type of connections, it is called a transit or Tandem Exchange. The other distinguished functions of an exchange are (i) Exchange of information with the external environment (Subscriber lines or other exchanges i.e. signaling. (ii) Processing the signaling information and controlling the operation of signaling network i.e. control and (iii) Charging and billing All these functions can be provided more efficiently using computer controlled electronic exchanges, than by the conventional electromechanical exchanges. tions, represented by a series of various instructions are stored in the memory. Therefore the processor memories hold all exchange dependent data, such as subscriber date, translation tables, routing and charging information and all call records. For each call processing step, e,g, for traking a decision according to class of service, the stored data is referred to. Hence this concept of switching is called stored programme controlled switching. The memories are modifiable and the control programme can always be rewritten if the behaviour or the use of the system is to be modified. This imparts an enormous flexibility in overall working of exchange.

EVOLUTION AND ARCHITECTURE O E-10B SYSTEM

Introduction: The Policy Pursued by Telecom Administration all over the world at present is to introduce digital switching in their networks in view of the significant Techno. Economic advantages of digital network cost no doubt is one of the main factors favouring Electronics exchanges but more encouraging is the facilities which are now available to the modern society. Electronic Exchange has provided the subscribers a number of additional facilities which were not possible in old electro- mechanical exchanges Another factor which favours electronic exchange is the negligible effects towards maintenance. Introduction of E10b type of exchanges in Indian telecommunication networks has ushers a new era. Starting with worli, Bombay, there after a number of Local/ Tandem /Tax exchanges are commissioned in various parts of the country.

Applications of E-10b System E-10b system can be used the following applications. (a) Local Exchange: for Local Subscriber lines. (b) Local Transit or Tandem Exchanges: for Transit Traffic

(c) Tax : For termination of long distance circuits (d) Local cum Transit or Tax : combination of Local and Transit or Tax. Subscriber facilities The E-10B system offers a number of facilities to its subscribers. These are -Follow me service (call forwarding) -Short code dialing (Abbreviated dialing) -Identification off malicious calls -Conference calls -Call waiting Indication -Detailed Billing -Automatic alarm call (wake me service) -Barred access -Hotline facility -DTMF Push button telephones -Last number redial -Absent subscriber service -Free phone line -Subscriber with home meter -Outgoing only subscribers -Incoming only subscribers -Ring back facility E-10B system provides a great facility to extend telecommunication facilities to the subscribers situated at remote place , like a town or outskirts of a metropolitan centre. These units are called remote line units or RLUs the subscriber connected to the RLU get all the facilities available to the main E-10B exchange subscriber. These RLUs are connected to the main exchange by number of PCM systems. Basic Principles and Architecture of E-10 System The system is based on the following salient features; 1. Stored program control (SPC) 2. TDM digital switching 3. PCM principles and techniques 4. Segregation of switching and management functions. 5. Distributed control using dedicated microprocessors (e.g. INTEL 8085) or minicomputer (e.g. ELS-48) 6. Centralized management for a group of E-10B exchanges GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF E-10B EXCHANGE Based on the functions carried by different parts, an E-10B exchange can be divided in four blocks as shown in figure. Connection units

The connection units comprise basically of equipments directly connected to external interfaces of the system, subscriber lines, circuits and equipments which sends and receives audio frequency signalling samples. These units are of following types. (a) Local subscriber connection unit ( URAL or CSEL) (b) Remote subscriber connection unit ( URAL or CSEL) (c) Multiplex connection unit (URM) (d) Frequency sender/receiver unit (ETA) (e) Auxiliary equipment rack (BDA) SWITCHING NETWORK (CX) The time division switching network is a 3 stage system ( time- space- time) It provides a 4- wire switching between the time slots allocated to the calling party. For a call sample connections are shown in the diagram.

Principle of a connection ( 4 wire) in the switching Network -Speech samples (a) form the time slot (I) of the incoming network line LRE associated with the calling subscriber are switched to the time slot I of the outgoing network line lrs associated with the called subscriber. -Speech samples (b) form the time slot j of the incoming network (LRE) associated with the called subscriber are switched to the time slot I of the outgoing network line (LRS) associated with the calling subscriber. -Each time switch handles 16 PCM links ( LRE+LRS) and four time switches catering 4*16=64 PCMs are contained in one switching network rack. A complete switching network comprises of 6 identical racks for connecting 384 PCMs. Control units The control units are partly based on dedicated mini computers and are used to carry out all the switching operations required to set up and release connections between subscribers and/or follows:-Marker (MQ) -Switching network control unit ( UGCX) -Multi-register (MR) -Translater (TR) -Charging unit (TX) To ensure uninterrupted telephone service, these units are duplicated and operated on the load sharing basis. -Management units

-Stand by charge recording unit ( DSF) -Monitoring unit (OC) Other units -Time base unit These units are not duplicated.

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE CENTER (OMC) E-10B system is characterized by the basic principal of the separation of Switching and management functions, these are carried out independently. The switching functions are carried out by E-10B exchange while operation and Maintenance Center (OMC) handles management functions of the E-10 B exchange OMC and E-10B exchange are connected by a single time slot of a pcm for the interchange whereas the dialogue terminals are directly connected to OMC . A number of exchanges can be managed by a single OMC, this feature provides flexibility of managing a number of exchange by a common staff posted in OMC Functions of OMC Following operation and maintenance functions are performed through OMC. subscriber management trunk group and management Routing and analysis management. call charging management subs. lines testing Trunk testing traffic and load managements Fault message processing Alarm message processing unit positioning fault tracing fault clearing peripheral management

CSED (R.L.U) The E-10 system offers to the telephone subscribers located in remote areas, a facility through which they can be connected to the host exchange located at an urban area. The concept of the remote line units is to cater for the needs of Telephone users located specially in rural areas where the telephone density is very

small and provision of an exchange is very costly for the administration. It is particularly economic using the remote line unit (CSED) for providing telephone service to such subscribers. The use of R.L.U. has got many advantages because of which its use has tremendously increased in our network. The advantages are as follows:- Minimum space requirement - Economy towards infrastructure items. - Duration of installation and commissioning in short Expansion is simple and easy. - Immediate relief to the area where a main exchange of 3k or 4k lines are not planned in near future The remote line unit comprises of subscriber connection unit called CSED, each having 1024 telephone subscriber equipment. The number of CSEDs can vary depending upon the requirement of the area to be served. Each CSED is connected to the host exchange via four PCM links on one or more satellite connection modules (MRS) of the URM rack at the main exchange. The PCM multi frames are structured in 32 frames with frequency of 4 m.s. the signalling is routed through TS-16 of PCM 0 and 01, these are called active PCMs, other two PCMs are called passive links and dont carry any signalling. The CSED is also divided into four functional areas (a) Subscriber connection equipment- the subscriber lines are connected to subscriber connection equipments. (b) Concentration network- this network provides space division. (c) Transmission unit- this network provides the analogue/digital conversion between 120 outputs of the concentration network and the four links. (d) Control logic- the duplicated logic system is responsible to manage the functions of above said three units. The rack organization is shown is figure. LOCAL SECURITY CALL MODE IN CSED The PCM o and 01 carry entire signalling between CSED and main exchange. These links are called active PCM links, remaining two PCMs 02 and03 are passive links and do not carry any signalling form CSED to the main exchange. In the event of failure of these active PCM links, the csed gets isolated from the main exchange and will cause annoyance to the telephone subscribers. The established calls and the calls under process of establishment will be lost. However there is a provision in the system to switch over to security call mode which enables the subscribers to obtain access to the emergency service like police, ambulance and fire in the event of such a breakdown, the subscriber is transferred to a recorded announcement which informs them of the two digit code he must dial in order to get through the emergency services the dial tone is provided in the CSED, 6 equipments are used for these services. Equipment 1 and 6 for police (100) Equipment 16 and17 for fire (102) Equipment 18 and 19 for Ambulance (101) The announcement in the form of 11 second speech is written in digital form

PCBXMEAF is used for this purpose. A tone generator provides tones of 400 Hz. The tones under are dial tone, busy tone ,ringing tone. MONITORING: The main exchange continuously monitors the performance of CSED by sending test messages, In the event of non-receipt of acknowledgement to these messages, the fault indications are sent to maintenance personal on tele-type writher through OMC that the CSED has been isolated form the exchange. LAYOUT OF A TYPICAL R.L.U. A typical R.L.U. (CSED) of an E-10 Exchange is generally installed in a small building at the remote places. Therefore, it is necessary that the building must be fully equipped with all the necessary infrastructure.

Infrastructure required for a RLU in addition to the CSED and its MDF/DDF and subs. U/G cables etc. are as follows:POWER SYSTEM 1. Mains Power supply 2. Rectifier 3. Battery Charger 4. Battery Sets 5. Engine Alternator TRANSMISSION SYSTEM 1. PCM Mux FIRE PROTECTION AND DETECTION SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM Generally window type A/C or package A/C units

BUILDING AND STAFF AMENITIES MDF AND DDF IN E-10B EXCHANGES Introduction In any type of exchange there is a unit called main distribution frame (MDF) and is used for interconnection of exchange line and junction unit equipments to external physical lines coming to the exchange. The distribution frame provides easy and flexible inter connection isolation point for testing protective devices used for safety of exchange equipment etc. The E-10B system also used distribution frames for interconnection of trunks and subscriber lines to the exchange terminating units.

Purpose of MDF and DDF in E-10B Exchanges E-10B switching system is a digital switching system and accepts both analog and digital signals.

The signals from subscribers are analog wheras the trunk signals are digital (if coming from analog source these are converted into digital 30 channel PCM signals and then fed to switchroom). The analog Signals are received by CSE and digital signals we use two type of distribution frames in E10B . one is called Main Distribution Frame (MDF) and the other one is Digital Distribution Frame (DDF).

Main Distribution Frame Functions of main distribution Frame (MDF) in E-10B is Similar to that of other types of exchanges here all the lines coming from subscribers. on exchange lines telex lines and analog function lines are terminated. These are Terminated on 100 pair krone type tag blocks in which gas discharge (gd) tube type protective devices are provided to tackle voltage and current surges. These tag blocks are located on one side of the MDF called line side. On the others side of the MDF called exchange side tag block are provided for terminating the cables from CSE for Subscriber lines and from transmission room for analog junction lines. These tag blocks are of 128 pairs size and facility for wedging is also available for isolating the lines. These tag blocks are also krone type. The interconnection between line side and exchange side is done through 4 mm jumper wires . Digital Distribution Frame The digital distribution frame (DDF) in E-10B is used for interconnection of lines carrying digital signals. This frame also used two type of tag blocks, one type of tag block used only for digital signals and has a capacity of 32 pairs. The digital signals fed to the E-10B is30 channels PCM and goes to URM. Each PCM System requires two pairs, one for trans direction and other for receive direction. Also, one URM can have maximum of 32 PCMS connected to it. Therefore for one URM we require 32 pair tag blocks- one tag block connected with trans pairs with respect to URL and other one connected to receiver pairs. The other side of the tag block is connected to transmission terminal equipment tag block. The other type of tag block is used for inter connecting trunk lines to transmission equipment which converts analog signals to digital signals and multiplexes these channels to from 30 channel PCM system acceptable to E-10B. In DDF the protective devices are not provided.

ROLE OF E.C.E. IN BSNL

With the convergence of technologies, catalyzed by the global EC revolution the world is witnessing change as never before in recorded history. In the realm of telecommunication, the change and the pace of it are more pronounced - from basic telephony to voice, video and data services, and from bandwidth on demand to virtual private networks, Electronics is making the entire plethora of BSNL's telecom

services expand. And, being rapidly implemented as the backbone for running customer-friendly services: FRS (Fault Repair System), DQ (Directory Enquiry), IVRS (Interactive Voice Response System) and Accounting and billing systems are already operational at BSNL. DOTSOFT , an integrated commercial & FRS package being inducted countrywide, to provide single window convenience. Telephone Directory on CD ROM and on the internet. Infrastructure, technology and expertise for full service support to ecommerce enterprises.

BSNL 3G ( THIRD GENERATION )

1

What is 3G?

3G is the next generation of mobile communications systems. It enhances the services such as multimedia, high speed mobile broadband, internet access with the ability to view video footage on your mobile handset. With a 3G phone and access to the 3G network you can make video calls, watch live TV, access the high speed internet, receive emails and download music tracks, as well as the usual voice call and messaging services found on a mobile phone, like person to person video, live streaming, downloadable video of entertainment, news, current affairs and sport content and video messaging
2

3GWhere can I view the demonstration of 3G ?

You can view the demonstration of 3G at the CSC ( Customer Care Center ) and BSNL website
3

Can I get 3G services on my existing Number?

Yes
4

Will my no. change if I upgrade to 3G?

No.
5

Will I get remote access to CCTV footage?

Yes, you can access CCTV footage or any other similar application by using 3G service as a connecting media between the CCTV server and your 3G service enabled handset.
6

Which all other operators in India provide 3G services ?

Only BSNL & MTNL are providing 3G services in India .

7

Is there any tracking feature available in 3G network ?

NO
8

What is USIM ?

USIM is a SIM card for 3G services. USIM stand for Universal Subscriber Identification Module. USIM is provided to access 3G services.
9

What will be the storage capacity of 3G SIM ?

128 KB
10

Is the cost of USIM included in activation charge ?

Yes, starter pack includes the charges for USIM.

11

I am an Airtel/Vodafone/Idea user, can I retain the same number while subscribing for BSNL 3G services ?

No, not yet.

12

I am an Airtel/Vodafone/Idea user, how can I switch to BSNL 3G services ?

You have to take a new 3G connection from BSNL.

13

Will I get any special benefits if I shift from Airtel/Vodafone/Idea to BSNL 3G ?

you will get all those facilities that BSNL is offering on its 3G services like Video call facility, Mobile broadband, Mobile TV content available on BSNL 3G Portal etc. For promotional schemes, visit BSNL website www.bsnl.co.in .
14

Will I get separate bill for 3G connection ?

NO
15

How can I get duplicate USIM ?

CSC.( CCN)
16

Do I have to pay for Duplicate USIM ?

YES

17

Where will I get technical support ?

Customer Care Center/BSNL 3G Experience Centers.

18

Am I required to replace my 2G SIM card ?

No
19

Will I be charged differentially for all services ?

Yes, there is different tariff for various services. For details, please log on to www.bsnl.co.in .
20

What is the download speed in 3G ?

Practically, you are going to get broadband experience with speed better than 384 KBPS
21

Will I get GPS in 3G ?

GPS is a handset feature and is not related to 3G service.

22

Will bsnl provide USB / DATA card and what will be the approximate cost ?

Yes, it will be available through BSNLs vast franchisee Network

23

Is my data secure ?

3G network provides connectivity between the handset and the internet cloud and is fully secure.
24

Will I be able to play videogames on 3G ?

YES
25

Will I be able to create videogames through 3G ?

Yes, you can create your own games on the internet cloud. It is the internet cloud on which games will be stored, 3G is a media to access internet.
26

Will I be able to pay utility bills through 3G ?

Yes, in due course of time.

27

Can I do mobile banking through 3G ?

Yes, in due course of time.

28

Will I be able to chat through 3G service?

Yes, in due course of time.

29

Is 3G broadband available everywhere ?

Presently it is available in Ambala and is going to be available shortly in all state capitals and other major cities. For details, please log on to www.bsnl.co.in.
30

What are the benefits of mobile broadband ?

You will be able to enjoy High speed internet and data service even while on the move.
31

What are the requirements for mobile broadband ?

You will be able to enjoy High speed internet and data service even while on the move. You require a 3G handset and subscription for 3G services to use mobile broadband on your handset. In case, you want to connect your laptop or PDA (personal digital assistant) to 3G network, like while moving in a vehicle, you will require to connect your 3G handset to the computer through data cable, infrared or blue tooth. You may also buy a 3G data card and use the same with your computer to access high speed 3G network.
32

What is the difference between wired broadband and wireless broadband ?

Wired broadband is a fixed place service requiring a wired line connectivity upto the computer. On the contrary, wireless broadband is a wireless service which enables you to access internet anywhere, in the house or while on the move
33

How much data will I use while viewing video ?

If youre downloading a video thats meant for a mobile screen, 1mb per minute is a good rule of thumb. Using this rule, a 4 minute video clip would use around 4MB of your daily or monthly allowance. If the video was meant for a TV or PC Screen, or it is over 5 min long, we wouldnt recommend downloading it to your phone, as it may struggle to play it back And you may not have enough storage space on your phone. A better solution for your mobile is to stream the Video.
34

Can I get 3G broadband without plugging a USB modem or data card ?

Yes, 3G broadband can be accessed through Handset supporting 3G.

35

How can I search and download a specific movie from a specific site ?

You can log on to the required website by using 3G service of BSNL. Alternatively, you can download a specific movie by surfing BSNL 3G portal
36

Can I upload any user generated content through 3G ?

You can upload any thing to internet cloud through 3G as 3G is a media to access internet cloud
37

Maximum file size to upload

You can upload any file size. Large file size requires more time to upload
38

Will I be paid for the content ?

The internet cloud on which you upload contents may pay you for your content and not the 3G service provider.
39

Can I create my own website through 3G server ?

Yes
40

What is the difference between WI-MAX , WI -FI (wireless internet) and 3G ?

WI-MAX & WI-FI are primarily for internet/data service whereas 3G is for internet/data as well

as voice service. Roaming facility in case of 3G is better as compared to these services.

41

Is 3G broadband experience the same as broadband at home (wire line) ?

In 3G broadband, the connectivity speed will be almost comparable to the wire line broadband.
42

What all contents would be available in 3G services ?

Mobile TV, Mobile Broadband, Video calls, Movies, Video PRBT etc.
43

What are the different type of data card/devices to access Mobile Broadband?

There are two types of data card 1. HSDPA card PCMCIA based 2. HSDPA card USB based and can be connected respectively at PCMCIA slot and USB port of Laptop . These are plug and play devices. The download speed presently available with these cards is 3.6 Mbps. In due course other types of cards will also be available.

3G Data Card
1

What is 3G Data Card.?

3G Data cards are meant for accessing internet and emails at anytime and from anywhere. Thus 3G Data Cards help us to work on the move with full email and web access .It provides Simple and instant internet access at mega fast speeds up to 3.6 Mbps. 3G data cards make us free from messy wires, Fixed Line Requirement, No Need of Cyber Cafe / Hot Spot to Access Internet. Thus your Lap top become truly mobile
2

What are the types of 3G Data Cards ?

1.USB Type 2.Express/PCMCIA Card types

3

Models of 3G Data Card offered by BSNL in Bundling Scheme

(A) USB Type MMX 300G Micromax MMX 300G(3) Micromax E156G Huawei E156 Huawei E176 Huawei Option 210 Capital (Option) Option 315 Capital (Option) SimU6T Capital (Simcom) SimU9T Capital (Simcom Express/PCMCIA Option GT Express Capital (Option) SIM Express 7.2 Capital (Simcom)
4

Type of 3G Express Card

1. Merlin X950D Express Card 3G data card 2. Merlin XU870 Express Card 3G data card 3. Option Globe Trotter Express 7.2 3G data card 4. Option Globe Trotter Express HSUPA 3G data card 5. Sierra Wireless Air Card 880E 3G data card
5

3G Data Card (PC Card)

Option Globe Trotter HSDPA 7.2 3G data card Option GT Max 7.2 Ready 3G data card Option GT Max HSUPA 3G data card Sierra Wireless Air Card 875 3G data card Sierra Wireless Air Card 880 HSUPA 3G data card
6

How to use it ?

You have to Plug in 3G Data Card into your laptop and can get the fastest available connection, with mobile broadband speeds of up to 1.8 Mbps. Its neat, compact design

makes it easy to use; you can easily swap it between laptops for use at work, home or on the move. Laptops have a PC Card slot (also known as a PCMCIA slot), or an Express Card slot. There is PCMCIA to Express Card Converter For using 3G broadband ,you need 3G Data card ,network SIM card, software, user guide.

3G Handset
Bottom of Form
1

Will BSNL provide a 3G handset ?

Yes, a 3G handset will be available through BSNLs vast franchisee network. For details regarding various handset bundling schemes kindly visit BSNL website www.bsnl.co.in.
2

Where from can I buy 3G handset ?

You may buy 3G handset from BSNL franchisees or from the open market.
3

Will I get a standby handset in case of faulty one ?

Yes, it will be arranged in accordance with the terms & conditions of the handset bundling scheme under which the handset has been bought.
4

Can I upgrade my 2G handset to 3G by some software upgrade ?

NO, you have to buy 3G compatible handsets

5

How will I connect 3G handset with my computer ?

You will be able to connect your 3G handset with the computer through Data cable, infrared or Bluetooth. You may also buy a 3G data card and use the same with your computer to access high speed 3G network.
6

What will be the battery backup of 3G handset ?

The battery backup varies from handset to handset. You may refer to your handset manual.
7

What will be the cost of 3G handset ?

Approximately Rs. 7000 and above, depending upon the features available in the 3G handset.
8

Which 3G handset models are available in the market ?

KU 250 from LG, Z 8M from Motorola, 3G Apple I phone,6680 Nokia ,6630 Nokia etc. (pl add from the list- Sparsh)
9

What benefit do I get while buying a BSNL bundled handset ?

You will get handset at a cheaper price and also discount on tariffs.
10

Is there any handset bundling scheme announced by BSNL ?

Yes, visit www.bsnl.co.in for details .

11

Will it work on Chinese handset ?

Yes, if it supports 3G.

12

Can I connect my 3G handset to my TV ?

Technically Yes. It depends upon the compatibility of your TV.

Video Calling
1 Yes
2

Is it possible to take voice call during internet surfing ?

What is video ring back tone ?

As in an audio ring back tone you hear the song which the called party has selected to be played when he/she is called, in the same way During video ring back you will see a video as selected by the called party
3

How many persons can simultaneously have video conferencing ?

Upto 10 People .
4

What is video streaming ?

Video Streaming is a sequence of "moving images" that are sent in compressed form over the Internet and displayed by the viewer as they arrive. It allows user to view video contents while downloading is in progress.
5

Is 3G coverage available in rural areas ?

At present r 3G coverage is available only in select cities and would be gradually extended to rural areas in due course of time
6

What will happen to my voice call if I move from 3G to 2G area ?

Your call will continue without getting dropped.

7

Will I get network coverage in Malls (basement) ?

BSNL is identifying such hotspots to provide coverage

8

What will happen to my data call (data card) while moving from 3G to 2G network ?

It will switch automatically to GPRS connection, i.e., the speed would be slower than that available in 3G network.
9

3G broadband available everywhere ?

Presently it is available in Ambala and is going to be available shortly in all state capitals and other major cities. For details, please log on to www.bsnl.co.in.
10

What is a video call?

When you talk to some body over phone and are able to see the persson at other end on the screen of your phone then it is called a video call.
11

Why should I opt for video call?

Video Calling lets your friends see where you're hanging out. With Video Call, you can view both yourself, and the person you've called, in high quality, real-time video.
12

What I need to do to make a video call?

Having following things will enable you to make a video call. a. Both calling and called party should be 3G mobile customers. b. Both calling and called party should have suitable handset with 2 cameras.
13

Do I have to make special setting in my handset so that it can support Video call?

If you have a 3G service enabled handset and a 3G SIM (which is known as USIM) then you need to follow following steps to enable video call service for your self on your handset: a. Go to menu b. Click on setting button. c. Click on network d. Click on network mode e. Here you will see three options Dual, UMTS and GSM f. Clicking on Dual mode will first reboot your handset and then make your handset active for 3G network wherever it is available else the handset will remain active as it does in ordinary 2G/ 2.5 G network. Once your handset is in dual mode it will give preference to 3G network i.e. if both 2G/ 2.5G and 3G networks are there then will work in 3G Network.
14

How do I know that presently I am active in 3G network?

It will be visible on the screen of your handset. 3G sign will appear in your handset near the signal sign.
15

How do I make a Video Call?

When you and your friend both have 3G mobiles, just dial his number. The only difference is that you press the Video Call button instead of the voice call button(All 3G mobiles have a video calling button). Then hold your mobile in front of you, and watch your screen. Stepwise: a. Key in t he number of the person you wish to see and speak to b. Press video calling button to make your call c. Your video call is connceted.
16

How do I know that I am receiving a Video Call?

If someone Video Calls you while you're in 3G coverage, your mobile shows an icon on your mobile screen. To answer, press the Video Call button. You can even turn the camera off and have a normal voice call if you do not want to be seen
17

What number do I dial to make a video call?

It's the same number as the voice number.

18

What happens if the person I am video calling does not have 3G services/ network?

Video calling is a 3G service - it is only possible if you both are within 3G coverage. If the other party is not in 3G network then the video call will not be connected, the call will drop

and you will get a message video call not supported by called party network?. In such a case you may like to make a voice call only.
19

What happens to my video call if I move out of 3G coverage area?

As video call is supported by 3G network only in BSNL hence if any of the party involved in conversation moves out of 3G coverage, the video call will drop. In such a case you may like to make a voice call.

TELEGRAPH

Telegram is a common man's communication need. The first telegraph message was transmitted live on Morse through electrical signals between Calcutta and Diamond Harbour on 5th November 1850.The Telegraph services were opened to public during February 1855. To implement modern technology in the telegraph network a National Message Switching Network Plan was prepared in 1986. The growth of Telegraph services has been affected owing to the impact of other non-voice services and improvement in density of telephones, nevertheless the service has social relevance and historical importance.

20

What happens to my voice call if I move out of 3G coverage area?

You voice call will continue without any interruption.

21

Why can not I make a video call even when I have ful 3G signals?

Either the person you're calling doesn't have a compatible (3G) phone, or he is outside 3G coverage. In either case, the call will drop and you'll be have to make an ordinary voice call instead.
22

How much does it cost?

For rates of video call please see BSNL website www.bsnl.co.in

COMPUTER NETWORKS
Introduction
During the 20th century the key technology has been information gathering, processing and distribution. Among other developments we have seen the installation of worldwide telephone networks, the birth and unexpected growth of the computer industry and the launching of

communication satellites. These areas are rapidly converging. The merging of computers systems are organized. The old model of a single computer serving all the organization needs is rapidly being replaced by one in which a large number of separate but interconnected computers do the job. These systems are called Computer Networks. A network is a set of devices (often called nodes) connected by media link. A node can be a computer, printer or any other device capable of sending and receiving data generated by other nodes of network. Networks use distributed processing in which a task is divided among multiple computers.

Advantages
Security Distributed database

Networking Goals

Faster and Collaborative Processing

Resource sharing: To make all programs, data and peripherals available to anyone on
the network, irrespective of physical location of resource and user. Reliability: A file can have copies on two or three different machines, so if one is unavailable other copies can be used.

Cost Factor: Personal computers have better price / performance ratio than microcomputers. So its better to have PCs, one per user, with stored data on one shared file server machine. Communication medium: Using a network its possible for 3 managers working far apart to prepare financial report of the company. The changes at one end can be noticed at the other end thud it speeds up the operation.

Networking Criteria
Performance: It depends on the number of users and type of transmission media. The kind of hardware used also decides the performance level of the network and so does the software being used. Reliability: Its measured by the frequency of failure, the rate at which the network is interrupted with a failure and also the recovery time that is the time taken to recover and get the problem rectified. Security: Care had to be taken against unauthorized access into the particular areas of the network and to secure the network against the viruses.

Applications

Data communications network has become an indispensable part of business, industry and entertainment source network application. Marketing And Sales: Computer networks used extensively marketing and sales
organization. Marketing official use them to collect exchange and analyze data relating to customer needs and product development cycles. Sales application included telescoping.

Financial Services: Includes credit history searches, foreign exchange and

investment services and electronics fund transfer which allow a transfer of money without going to the bank.

Manufacturing: Computer networks used in manufacturing process. Two

applications that use networks to provide essential services are Computer Assisted Design (CAD) and Computer Assisted Manufacturing (CAM). Other applications include Electronic Messaging, directory services, Information Services, Teleconferencing, Cellular telephone, and Cable television.

Network Topologies
Some of most common topologies in use today include:

Bus:-

Each node is daisy-chained (connected one right after the other) along the same backbone, similar to Christmas Lights. Information sent from a node travels along the backbone until it reaches its destination node. Each end of a bus network must be terminated with a

resistor to keep the signal that is sent by a node across the network from bouncing back when it reaches the end of the cable.

Ring:-

Like a bus network, rings have the nodes daisy- chained. The difference is that the end of the network comes back around to the first node, creating a complete circuit. In a ring network, each node takes a turn sending and receiving information through the use of a token. The

token, along with any data, is sent from the first node to the second node, which extracts the data addressed to it and adds any data it wishes to send. Then the second node passes the token and data to the third node, and so on until it comes back around to the first node again. Only the node with the token is allowed to send data. All other nodes must wait for the token to come to them.

Star:-

In a star network, each node is connected to central devices called a Hub. The hub takes a single that cones from any node and passes it along it along to all the other nodes in the network. A hub does not perform any type of filtering or routing of the data. It is simply a junction that joins all the different nodes together.

Star Bus:-

Probably the most common network topology in use today, star bus combines elements of the star and bus topologies to create a versatile network environment. Nodes in particular areas are connected to hubs (creating stars), and the hubs are connected together along the network backbone (like a bus network). Quite often, stars are nested within stars, as seen in the example below:

Types of Networks
Local Area Networks Metropolitan Area Networks Wide Area Networks Internet

LOCAL AREA NETWORK

A computer network, which spans a relatively small area, is known as LAN. Most LANs are confined to a single building or group of buildings. However, one LAN can be connected to other LANs over any distance via telephone lines and radio waves. A system of LANs connected in this way is called a wide-area network (WAN). Most LANs connect workstations and personal computers. Each node (individual computer) in a LAN has its own CPU with which it executes programs, but it also is able to access data and devices anywhere on the LAN. This means that many users can share expensive devices, such as laser printers, as well as data. Users can also use the LAN to communicate with each other, by sending e-mail or engaging in chat sessions. There are many different types of LANs Ethernets being the most common foe PCs. Most Apple Macintosh networks are based on Apples Apple Talk network system, which is built into Macintosh computers. The following characteristics differentiate one LAN from another:

Topology: Protocols: Media:

The geometric arrangement of devices on the network. For example, devices can be arranged in a ring or in a straight line. The roles and encoding specifications for sending data. The protocols also determine whether the network uses a peer-to-peer or client/server architecture.
Twisted-pair wire, coaxial cables, or fiber optic cables can connect devices. Some networks do without connecting media altogether, communicating instead via radio waves. LANs are capable of transmitting data at very faster than data can be transmitted over a telephone line; but the distances are limited, and there is also a limit on the number of computers that can be attached to a single LAN.

LAN Transmission Methods

LAN data transmission fall into three classifications: unicast, multicast, and broadcast. In each type of transmission, a single packet is sent to one or more nodes.

In a Unicast Transmission, a single packet is sent from the source to a destination

on a network. First, the source node addresses the packet by using the address of the destination node. The package is then sent onto the network, and finally, the network passes the packet to its destination.

A Multicast Transmission consists of a single data packet that is copies and sent to
a specific subset of nodes on the network. First, the source node addresses the packet by using a multicast address. The packet is then sent into the network, which makes copies of the packet and sends a copy to each node that is part of the multicast address.

A Broadcast Transmission consists of a single data packet that is copied and sent
to all modes on the network. In these types of transmission, the source node addresses the packet by using the makes copies of the packet and sends a copy to every node on the network.

LAN Topologies
LAN topologies define the manner in which network devices are organized. Fore common LAN topologies exist: Bus, Ring, Star, and Tree. These topologies are logical architectures, but the actual devices need not be physically organized in these configurations. Logical bus and Ring topologies, for example, are commonly organized physically as a Star. is a linear LAN architecture in which transmission from network stations propagate the length of the medium and are received by all other stations. Of the three most widely used LAN implementations, Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 networksincluding 100 Base T-implement a bus topology, which is illustrated in Figure.

Bus topology

is a LAN architecture that consists of a series of devices connected to one another by unidirectional transmission links to form a single closed loop. Booth Token Ring/IEEE 802.5 and FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) networks implement a ring topology. Figure depicts a logical ring topology.

Ring Topology

Figure: Some networks Implement a Logical Ring Topology

A Star Topology is a LAN architecture in which the endpoints on a network are connected to a common central hub, or switch, by dedicated links. Logical bus and ring topologies are often implemented physically in a star topology, which is illustrated in Figure.

A Tree Topology is a LAN architecture that is identical to the bus topology, except that branches with multiple nodes are possible in this case. Figure illustrates a logical tree topology. Figure: A Logical Tree Topology Can Contain Multiple Nodes

LAN Devices
Devices commonly used in LANs include repeaters, hubs, LAN extenders, bridges, LAN switches, and routers. A Repeater us a physical layer device used to interconnect the media segments of
an extended network. A repeater essentially enables a series of cable segments to be treated as a single cable. Repeaters receive signals from one network segment and amplify, retime, and retransmit those signals to another network segment. These actions prevent signal deterioration caused by long cable lengths and large numbers of connected devices. Repeaters are incapable of performing complex filtering and other traffic processing. In addition, all electrical signals, including electrical disturbances and other errors, are repeated and amplified. The total number of repeaters and network segments that can be connected is limited due to timing and other issues. Figure illustrates a repeater connecting two network segments.

Figure: A Repeater Connects Two Networks Segments

is a physical layer device that connects multiple user stations, each via a dedicated cable. Electrical interconnections are established inside the hub. Hubs are used to

Hub

create a physical star network while maintaining the logical bus or ring configuration of LAN. In same respects, a hub functions as a multi-port repeater.

are another fundamental part of many networks because they speed things up. Switches allow different nodes (a network connection point, typically a computer) of a network to communicate directly with one another in a smooth and efficient manner.

Switches

There are many different types of switches and networks. Switches that provide a separate connection for each node in a companys internal network are called LAN switches. Essentially, a LAN switch creates a series of instant networks that contain only the two devices communicating with each other at that particular moment.

Components of a LAN:
The basic components and Technologies involved in a LAN architecture can include the following: Components of LAN Hardware Cables (WAN) Switches Router RAS Modems Software As the above shows the components of a LAN are constituted by software and hardware. A Network Management Software is use to manage all the given tasks given to performed. Software Network Management

Since we all know that all the external, visible components of the machines are called its hardware. We need to require cables to connect the sub-branches of the network. We require switches, router, a Remote Access Servers (RAS) and a modem to

accomplish the formation a LAN.

NETWORKING BASICS
Here are some of the fundamental parts of a network:

Network: A network is a group of computers connected together in a way

that allows information to be exchanged between the computers.

Node: A node is anything that is connected to the network. While a node is

typically a computer, it can also be something like a printer or CD-ROM tower. switch, bridge or router, from other parts of the network.

Segment: A segment is any portion of a network that is separated, by a Backbone: The backbone is the main cabling of a network that all of the

segments connect to. Typically, the backbone is capable of carrying more information than the individual segments. For example, each segment may have a transfer rate of 10 Mbps (megabits per second), while the backbone may operate at 100 Mbps.

Topology: Topology is the way that each node is physically connected to the
network (more on this in the next section).

Local Area Network (LAN): A LAN is a network of computers that are

in the same general physical location, usually within a building or a campus. If the computers are far apart (such as across town or in different cities), than a Wide Area Network (WAN) is typically used.

Network Interface Card (NIC): Every computer (and most other

devices) is connected to a network through an NIC. In most desktop computers, this is an Ethernet card (normally 10 or 100 Mbps) that is plugged into a slot on the computers motherboard.

Media Access Control (MAC) Address: This is the physical address

of any device such as the NIC in a computer on the network. The MAC address, which is made up of two equal parts, is 6 bytes long. The first 3 bytes identify the company that made the NIC. The second 3 bytes are the serial number of the NIC itself.

OSI REFERENCE MODEL

The Layers:Think of the seven layers as the assembly line in the computer. At each layer, certain things happen to the data prepare it for the next layer. The seven layers, which separate into two sets, are:

Application Set
Layer 7: Application- This is the layer that actually interacts with the
operating system or application whenever the user chooses to transfer files, read messages or perform other network-related activities.

Layer 6: Presentation- Layer 6 takes the data provided by the

Application layer and converts it into a standard format that the other layers can understand.

Layer 5: Session- Layer 5 establishes, maintains and ends communication

with the receiving device.

Transport Set
Layer 4: Transport- This layer maintains flow control of data and
provides for error checking and recovery of data between the devices. Flow control means that the Transport layer looks to see if data is coming from more than one application and integrates each applications data into a single stream for the physical network.

Layer 3: Network- The way that the data will be sent to the recipient
device is determined in this layer. Logical protocols, routing and addressing are handled here. the data. Also, the type of network and the packet sequencing is defined.

Layer 2: Data- In this layer, the appropriate physical protocol is assigned to

Layer 1: Physical- This is level of the actual hardware. It defines the

physical characteristics of the network such as connections, voltage levels and timing.

The OSI Reference Model is really just a guideline. Actual protocol stacks often combine one or ore of the OSI layers into a single layer.