Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
UNITED NATIONS
GENEVA 2007
Preface
This English-Russian glossary of trade facilitation terms is first and foremost an attempt to
fill in a gap, to provide an authoritative international standard for translators and specialists
promoting trade facilitation in the Russian-speaking world. This work stems from the
mandate and vocation of the UN Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), which has
developed and promoted trade facilitation standards and measures for more than 45 years.
The glossary builds on this pioneering experience, in order to promote the implementation
of trade facilitation measures in UNECEs Russian-speaking Member States and to foster
the construction of a fair, predictable and secure international trading system.
Trade facilitation addresses the problems arising from inefficient trade procedures, which
incur high transaction costs. These hinder trade and economic growth as well as the
adoption of cutting edge technologies worldwide. Yet the problem is both more acute and
understood in the transition economies of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia.
UNECEs work to raise awareness and offer practical solutions for trade facilitation is highly
appreciated. I am pleased to present this glossary with the conviction that it will contribute
to the efforts to develop trade and raise the well being of the population of these countries.
We at the UNECE are committed to achieving the United Nations objectives of poverty
eradication, sustainable development, and promoting peace and security. Our activities
contribute to economic growth, and to the equal participation of all countries, especially
developing and transition economies, in building the global trading system. Heads of State
and government, who gathered at the United Nations in New York in September 2000,
solemnly declared in the United Nations Millennium Declaration:
We believe that the central challenge we face today is to ensure that globalization
becomes a positive force for all the worlds people. For while globalization offers
great opportunities, at present its benefits are very unevenly shared, while its costs
are unevenly distributed. We recognize that developing countries and countries with
economies in transition face special difficulties in responding to this central
challenge. Thus, only through broad and sustained efforts to create a shared future,
based upon our common humanity in all its diversity, can globalization be made fully
inclusive and equitable. These efforts must include policies and measures, at the
global level, which correspond to the needs of developing countries and economies
in transition and are formulated and implemented with their effective participation. 1
The Millennium Declaration2 clearly calls for a shared responsibility for managing
worldwide economic and social development, as well as threats to international peace and
security, among the nations of the world. This responsibility should be exercised
multilaterally and, as the most universal and most representative organization in the world,
the United Nations must play the central role. This publication demonstrates just one
aspect of how UNECE is contributing towards the Millennium Development Goals,
especially Goal 8, Target 12: Develop an open, equitable, rule-based, predictable and nondiscriminatory multilateral trading system.3
Marek Belka
Executive Secretary
Introduction
The idea to create this English-Russian glossary of trade facilitation terms appeared during
the organization of a UNECE seminar for WTO negotiators on trade facilitation from several
former Soviet republics (the WTO members Armenia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova,
as well as representatives from four WTO accession countries: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan,
Tajikistan and Uzbekistan). During the preparation of a background study for this seminar,
it became clear that in many cases multiple terms and expressions were used in the
Russian language to denote a single established term in English. Sometimes there was no
Russian equivalent at all.
For example, at least three different terms are used in the Russian language literature to
express the concept of trade facilitation:
(a)
(b)
(c)
:
(Trade Facilitation: Sharing the Gains of Globalization in the New Security
Environment), New York and Geneva, UN, 2004; xiv-443 p.
5
See for example the web site Regional Economic Cooperation (
):
-
(http://www.crc.mofcom.gov.cn/crweb/scor/info/Article.jsp?col_no=66&a_no=626)
6
,
, :
, , ,
(www.kremlin.ru/interdocs/2005/05/10/1940_type72067_87994.shtml?
type=72067). On the site Virtual Customs of the Russian Federation ( )
there is a statement with similar terminology:
(http://www.vch.ru/cgibin/guide.cgi?table_code=9&action=show&id=323). The Moscow Moscow State Academy of Law
also refers to this term: 3. .
. 10
Another term, which indicates the confusion, is business process. Sometimes this concept
is referred to as . The meaning of this Russian term (business
transactions rather than processes) is different from the English counterpart. A more
appropriate translation would be or .
This glossary covers: (1) general terms used in the literature and specialized discussions,
such as trade facilitation, integrated border management, data elements, supply chain, EDI,
or national trade and transport facilitation bodies; (2) names of documents/forms with are
used in international trade and transport, and whose simplification and streamlining are the
objective of trade facilitation; (3) terms related to trade, customs, freight forwarding, and
transportation procedures; (4) terms used in the WTO negotiations on trade facilitation; (5)
international legal instruments providing fore trade facilitation measures. In many cases
explanations of the terms are given only in Russian, as the glossary is primarily oriented to
our Russian-speaking stakeholders.
Acknowledgements
This glossary was created under the overall coordination of Mario Apostolov, Regional
Adviser UNECE Trade, working with Svetlana Dupriez. Many individuals and organizations
contributed with comments and editorial remarks. We are greatly thankful to Vyatcheslav
Blokhine (Terminology unit, UNOG), Konstantine Glukhenkiy (UNECE Transport) and
Elena Kolokolova (Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation), who
made valuable comments on the usage of Russian terms. Christopher Edgar (UNECE
editor), Mika Vepsalainen, Vyatcheslav Novikov, Sergey Polovinkin, Asmat Abesadze and
others collaborated in the drafting of this glossary.
,
, .
,
: ( , , ),
( )
( -
).
( , ), , ,
, ,
.
A
1
.
( 24 )
[ 11 2001
]
2
.
acceptance credit
[a letter of credit that provides for payment
by means of a time draft. Acceptance and
payment of the draft are guaranteed by the
bank issuing the credit only if the documents
presented under the credit conform to the
L/C. Acceptance credits are advantageous
because the beneficiary (the seller) can
receive immediate payment by having the
draft discounted, while the applicant's
(buyer's) obligation to pay is deferred until
the maturity of the draft]
[; ,
, .
-
]
3
.
acceptance of goods
4
.
acknowledgment of order
[document acknowledging an undertaking to
fulfil an order and confirming conditions or
acceptance of conditions (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,
,
(
/)]
5
.
[,
,
.
.2 ]
6
.
ADR
[European Agreement concerning the
International Carriage of Dangerous Goods
by Road (UNECE)]
[
( )]
A
[loan made on the security of the documents
covering the shipment]
[,
,
]
8
.
[
]
9
.
advance ruling
[on the basis of all required data and
documents submitted in advance, Customs
makes an advance ruling on the payments
due for the specific consignment; the ruling is
then binding, if the consignment corresponds
to what is described in the documents]
[
, (
..) ;
-
,
, ,
,
]
1
0
.
1
1
.
[, ,
,
,
,
( /)]
1
2
.
AGC
[European Agreement on Main International
Railway Lines]
[
/ ]
1
3
[,
A
,
, , ,
,
,
,
()]
1
4
.
[ , 15-
.
.
.
:
(Technical
Regulation), ,
(Standard),
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
( 2)()]
1
5
[, ,
9
A
Annex 9 to the Convention on International
Civil Aviation, Chicago 1994. The general
declaration is the basic document on arrival
and departure providing information
concerning the aircraft itself and summary
information relating to the itinerary, crew,
passengers and health (WCO)]
,
1994.
,
, ,
()]
1
6
.
airport of departure
1
7
.
air freightment
[an agreement by a steamship line to provide
cargo space on a vessel at a specified time
and for a specified price to accommodate an
exporter or importer, who then becomes
liable for payment even though he is later
unable to make the shipment]
[,
()
()
, ]
1
8
.
air waybill
[document made out by or on behalf of the
shipper which evidences the contract
between the shipper and carrier(s) for
carriage of goods over routes of the
carrier(s) and which is identified by the airline
prefix issuing the document plus a serial
number (IATA)]
;
[,
,
, ,
()]
1
9
.
alongside delivery
2
0
.
amended rule
A
2
1
.
amount
2
2
.
appeal
[an act by which a person who is directly
affected by a decision or omission and who
considers himself to be aggrieved thereby
seeks redress before a competent authority]
2
3
.
appeal procedure
[
,
]
;
;
2
4
.
appellant
[party in a WTO dispute who appeals in the
Appellate Body a negative decision of the
dispute-resolution panel, usually seeking
reversal of that decision]
[ ,
,
]
2
5
.
Appellate Body
[a standing body of seven persons that hears
appeals from reports issued by panels in
disputes brought by WTO Members. The
Appellate Body can uphold, modify or
reverse the legal findings and conclusions of
a panel. Appellate Body Reports, once
adopted by the Dispute Settlement Body
(DSB), must be accepted by the parties to
the dispute (WTO)]
[
,
.
,
,
]
2
6
.
()
[,
( /)]
2
7
.
[,
/
A
to an exporter/seller in payment for goods.
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
/
( /)]
2
8
.
()
[,
-,
( /)]
2
9
.
()
[,
,
,
,
,
(
/)]
3
0
.
()
[,
( /)]
3
1
.
()
[
,
-
( ,
, . .),
,
A
()]
3
2
.
ASYCUDA
Automated System for Customs Data
[UNCTAD]
ASYCUDA;
[
.
.
.
-
2004
]
[ ,
]
3
3
.
3
4
.
ATA carnet
[International Customs document (Admission
Temporaire/Temporary Admission) which,
issued under the terms of the ATA
Convention (1961), incorporates an
internationally valid guarantee and may be
used, in lieu of national Customs documents
and as security for import duties and taxes,
to cover the temporary admission of goods
and, where appropriate, the transit of goods.
If accepted for controlling the temporary
export and reimport of goods, international
guarantee does not apply]
[ ,
(1961 ),
,
, ;
,
]
3
5
.
ATA Convention
[the expression commonly used to refer the
Customs Convention on the ATA carnet for
the temporary admission of goods (ATA
Convention) adopted by the Customs Cooperation Council of Brussels in 1961]
[
1961 ]
[ ,
A
,
]
3
7
.
()
[ ,
,
,
,
,
]
3
8
.
authentication
3
9
.
authorized trader
4
0
.
[
,
, ,
]
4
1
.
(
)
[
,
,
A
]
4
2
.
automatic licensing
[import licensing where approval of the
application is granted in all cases, and is not
administered in such a manner as to have
restricting effects on imports subject to
automatic licensing]
[
,
. ,
,
.
,
.
,
.
()
]
4
3
.
()
4
4
.
4
5
.
average adjuster
[when used in connection with marine
insurance, the term means one who
investigates and apportions general average
losses on behalf of ship owners]
,
[
]
4
6
.
(.)
4
7
.
(.)
B
bank for foreign trade
[
( ),
,
]
4
9
.
banking instructions
5
0
.
[A series of bars and spaces encoded to
correspond to alpha-numeric characters.
Barcodes are designed to be read by
scanners and converted into data]
5
1
.
;
[ ]
5
2
.
;
[ ]
5
3
.
berth operator
5
4
.
bill of exchange
[an unconditional order in writing from one
person (the drawer) to another (the drawee),
directing the drawee to pay a specified
amount to a named drawer at a fixed or
determinable future date]
[ ,
(,
)
(, )
()
]
5
5
[,
4
8
.
B
carrier by sea and the taking over or loading
of goods by the carrier, and by which the
carrier undertakes to deliver the goods
against surrender of the document.
A
provision in the document that the goods are
to be delivered to the order of a named
person, or to order, or to bearer, consitutes
such
an
undertaking.
(UnitedNations
Conference of the Carriage of Goods by
Sea) Remark: In certain countries, e.g.
Canada and the United States of America,
the term "bill of lading" is used to represent a
"negotiable bill of lading]
;
,
, ,
(
). :
,
,
""
"
"]
5
6
.
binding; bound
[See tariff binding]
5
7
.
5
8
.
[ (
- )]
5
9
.
bond
[an undertaking in due legal form, by which a
person binds himself to the Customs to do or
not to do some specific act]
[,
]
6
0
.
bonded cargo
[ ,
.
,
,
B
]
6
1
.
bonded goods
[goods held at the border at a Customs or
other special store as a guarantee until tariff
is paid]
,
[,
]
6
2
.
bonded port
[port with a Customs office / store]
[, ]
6
3
.
bonded storage
[storing goods at a Customs store]
6
4
.
bonded store
[see ustoms warehouse]
;
;
6
5
.
6
6
.
bonded warehouse
[a warehouse authorized by Customs
authorities for storage of goods on which
payment of duties is deferred until the goods
are removed]
;
[ ,
,
, ..
.
,
.
.
,
,
]
B
6
7
.
booking confirmation
[document issued by a carrier to confirm that
space has been reserved for a consignment
in means of transport. (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,
,
(
/)]
6
8
.
booking reference
6
9
.
booking request
[document issued by a supplier to a carrier
requesting space to be reserved for a
specified consignment, indicating desirable
conveyance, despatch time, etc.
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,
,
. . ( /)]
7
0
.
border control
[
.
:
, -,
,
,
]
7
1
.
border procedures
7
2
.
border protection
[any measure which acts to restrain imports
at point of entry]
7
3
.
bordereau
[document used in road transport, listing the
cargo carried on a road vehicle, often
referring to appended copies of Road
consignment note. (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[ ,
, ,
,
]
;
[
,
,
,
B
( /)]
7
4
.
[ ,
, ]
7
5
.
bulk
7
6
.
bulk cargo
, ,
7
7
.
bulk carrier
( )
7
8
.
Business Process
[structured, measured set of activities
designed to produce a specific output for a
particular customer or market. It implies a
strong emphasis on how work is done within
an organization (UN/CEFACT)]
; ;
[,c
.
,
]
7
9
.
8
0
.
8
1
.
buyers credit
[a financial arrangement in which a bank or
financial institution, or an export credit
agency in the exporting country, extends a
loan directly to a foreign buyer or to a bank in
the importing country to pay for the purchase
[ ,
.
8
2
.
80-85%
]
buying agent
[an agent who purchases goods in his or her
own country on behalf of foreign importers
such as government agencies and large
private concerns]
[,
]
C
C&F
[a quoted price that includes cost of goods
and freight]
[
,
,
8
4
.
C&I
[a quoted price that includes cost of goods
and insurance]
[ ,
,
,
]
8
5
.
cabotage (air)
[cargo carried on what is essentially a
domestic flight and therefore not subject to
international agreements that fix set rates.
Cabotage rates are negotiable between
shipper and airline and apply on flights within
a country and to its overseas territories]
()
[ ,
.
.
]
8
6
.
-
[
( /)]
8
7
.
capacity-building
[raising the level of ones skills]
8
8
.
capacity charge
[payment (tariff) for specific power]
()
8
9
.
8
3
.
C
9
0
.
cargo
[merchandise/commodities/freight carried by
means of transportation]
[, , ,
]
9
1
.
cargo declaration
[a generic term, sometimes referred to as
freight declaration, applied to the documents
providing the particulars required by the
Customs concerning the cargo (freight)
carried by commercial means of transport]
[,
(),
]
9
2
.
Cargo Declaration
[the basic document on arrival and departure
providing information required by public
authorities relating to cargo (Convention on
Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic,
London, 1965)]
[ ,
(, 1965 )
,
,
( ) ]
9
3
.
9
4
.
cargo insurance
[an inland marine or ocean marine policy
covering cargo in the care, custody, or
control of the carrier]
[ , .
.
,
,
,
]
9
5
.
cargo load
[carrying capacity]
9
6
cargo manifest
load manifest
cargo waybill
[,
, ,
C
[a listing of the goods comprising the cargo
(freight) carried in a means of transport or in
a transport-unit. The cargo manifest which
gives the commercial particulars of the
goods, such as transport document
numbers, consignors, consignees, marks
and numbers, number and kind of packages,
descriptions and quantities of the goods,
may be used in place of the cargo
declaration. Note: Examples of cargo
manifests are aircraft cargo manifests, ships
manifests, goods manifests and
"bordereaux" (road traffic)]
-
;
,
,
, ,
,
]
9
7
.
cargo receipt
[a receipt of cargo for shipment by a
consolidator (used in ocean freight)]
;
[,
]
9
8
.
cargo reports
(?)
9
9
.
carriage by air
1
0
0
.
1
0
1
.
1
0
2
.
(
)
[
,
C
the national legislation in force]
1
0
3
.
carrier identification
1
0
4
.
carrier name
1
0
5
.
[,
,
,
,
( /)]
1
0
6
.
carrier permit
[authorization for transportations]
1
0
7
.
carriers repair
[maintenance of vehicles]
1
0
8
.
[]
[ ,
]
1
0
;
[ ,
C
paid in full before shipment is made. This
method is usually used only for small
purchases or when the goods are built to
order]
1
1
0
.
[a transaction in which goods are paid for in
full in cash or by certified check immediately
when they are received by the buyer]
1
1
1
.
1
1
2
.
[ ,
]
1
1
4
.
certificate of analysis
COA
[a certificate required by some countries as
proof of the quality and composition of good
products or pharmaceuticals. The
requirement analysis may be made by a
private or government health agency. The
certificate must be legalized by a foreign
consul of the country concerned, as is the
case with such similar certificates as the
phytosanitory certificate]
c ;
c
;
[, ,
.
.
,
]
1
1
5
certificate of inspection
[a document certifying [by an independent
agent] that the goods were in apparent good
c [,
]
[,
1
1
3
.
C
condition immediately prior to shipment]
,
]
1
1
6
.
certificate of manufacture
[a statement in which a producer specifies
where his goods were manufactured,
certifies that manufacturing has been
completed, and confirms that the goods are
at the buyer's disposal]
[, ,
]
1
1
7
.
certificate of origin
C/O; COO
[a specific document identifying goods, in
which the authority or body authorized to
issue it certifies expressly that the goods to
which the certificate relates originate in a
specific country. The word "country" may
include a group of countries, a region or a
part of a country. This certificate may also
include a declaration by the manufacturer,
producer, supplier, exporter or other
competent person. COO is typically issued
by national chambers of commerce following
the model of the International Chamber of
Commerce (ICC)]
c
[ ,
,
, ,
,
,
;
, ,
,
.
,
()]
1
1
8
.
certification
[
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
C
,
,
. -
]
1
1
9
.
[ ,
,
( D.2
]
1
2
0
.
chargeable weight
1
2
1
.
charges
1
2
2
.
;
-
[,
, . . ,
,
-;
,
,
;
,
]
1
2
C
them that the goods declaration is correctly
made out and that the required supporting
documents fulfil the prescribed conditions]
)
[ ,
,
]
1
2
4
.
CIF
Cost, insurance and freight
[it means that the seller delivers when the
goods pass the ships rail in the port of
shipment. The seller must pay the costs and
freight necessary to bring the goods to the
named port of destination but the risk of loss
or of damage to the goods, as well as any
additional costs due to events occurring after
the time of delivery, are transferred from the
seller to the buyer. (INCOTERMS 2000)]
,
[ ,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
( 2000)]
1
2
5
.
CIF price
[the price of goods delivered at the frontier of
the importing country, including any
insurance and freight charges incurred up to
that point, or the price of a service delivered
to a resident, prior to the payment of any
import duties or other taxes on imports or
trade and transport margins within the
country]
[
,
,
.
,
, , ,
.
]
1
2
6
.
,
[
,
.
:
C
, , .
.
]
1
2
7
.
[. ]
1
2
8
.
classification (Cus)
[the placement of an item under the correct
number in the Customs tariff for duty
purposes. At times this procedure becomes
highly complicated; it is not uncommon for
importers to resort to litigation over the
correct duty to be assessed by the Customs
on a given item]
1
2
9
.
[,
/ ]
1
3
0
.
[, ,
, . .
]
1
3
1
.
clean draft
[draft to which no documents have been
attached]
;
[ ,
-
;
,
]
C
1
3
2
.
clearance certificate
1
3
3
.
clearance document
1
3
4
.
clearance of goods
[the accomplishment of the Customs
formalities necessary to allow goods to enter
home use, to be exported or to be replaced
under another Customs procedure]
;
[
,
,
()
.
,
,
,
,
() ;
() .
.. ]
1
3
5
.
-
[ ,
,
,
,
.
(
)
C
().
,
: , ,
,
, ,
, .
.
,
,
]
1
3
6
.
code of conduct
[voluntary guidelines for business behavior
(or treatment of workers)]
[voluntary guidelines for business behavior
(or treatment of workers)]
1
3
7
.
collection order
[document whereby a bank is instructed (or
requested) to handle financial and/or
commercial documents in order to obtain
acceptance and/or payment, or to deliver
documents on such other terms and
conditions as may be specified (ICC Uniform
Rules for Collections)]
[,
( )
,
]
1
3
8
.
collective paper
[all documents (commercial invoices, bills of
lading, etc.) submitted to a buyer for the
purpose of receiving payment for a shipment]
[ ,
]
1
3
9
.
[ ,
]
1
4
0
combined transport
[intermodal transport where the major part of
the European journey is by rail, inland
waterways or sea and any initial and/or final
[ ,
,
C
legs carried out by road are as short as
possible]
,
,
,
]
1
4
1
.
ommercial ode
[published code designed to reduce the total
number of words required in a cablegram]
[ :
,
,
,
,
]
1
4
2
.
commercial convoy
[goods traffic by a number of trucks]
[
]
1
4
3
.
commercial invoice
[document claiming payment for goods
supplied under conditions agreed between
seller and buyer. (UN/ECE/FAL)]
;
[,
,
,
(
/)]
1
4
4
.
1
4
5
.
common carrier
[a firm or individual that transports persons
or goods for compensation]
;
;
;
;
[
,
,
C
]
1
4
6
.
compensation agreement
[
.
]
1
4
7
.
1
4
8
.
onditions of warehousing
1
4
9
.
[,
( ),
( )]
1
5
0
.
[,
]
1
5
1
.
consignee
[the individual or company to whom a seller
or sipper sends merchandise and who, upon
presentation of necessary documents, is
recognized as the merchandise owner for the
purpose of declaring and paying Customs
duties]
() ;
;
[ ,
] ;
[,
,
] ;
C
[ ,
]
1
5
2
.
consignee mark
[a symbol stamped on packages for
identification purposes; generally consisting
of a triangle, square, circle, diamond, cross,
with letters and/or numbers together with
port of discharge]
[]
[,
; .
( , , ,
) / ,
]
1
5
3
.
consignment
, , ,
1
5
4
.
consignment agreement
[a form of agreement, in which one party (the
seller) provides goods to another party (the
company) for sale by that company. The
Seller gets paid only after the Company has
sold the goods to an end-consumer
purchaser. The form of this agreement tends
to be pro-seller]
[
()
()
(
).
.
]
1
5
5
.
1
5
6
.
consignment note
1
5
7
consignor
[a term used to describe any person who
consigns goods to himself or to another party
in a bill of lading or equivalent document. A
;
;
;
[ ,
C
consignor may be the owner of the goods, or
a freight forwarder who consigns goods on
behalf of his principal.]
; ,
.
,
]
1
5
8
.
consolidated shipment
[an arrangement whereby various shippers
pool their boxed goods on the same
shipment, sharing the total weight charge for
the shipment]
[,
,
]
1
5
9
.
consolidation of goods
[the grouping together of several compatible
consignments into a full container load. Also
referred to as grouping
[
]
1
6
0
.
consolidator
[an agent who brings together a number of
shipments bound for a single destination to
qualify for preferential airline rates]
;
,
[ ,
,
]
1
6
1
.
consular declaration
[a formal statement, made to the consul of a
foreign country, describing goods to be
shipped]
[
,
]
1
6
2
.
consular invoice
[a document to be prepared by an exporter in
his country and presented to a diplomatic
representation of the importing country for
endorsement and subsequently to be
presented by the importer in connection with
the import of the goods described therein.
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,
-
( /)]
1
6
3
consular transaction
C
1
6
4
.
container
[an article of transport equipment (lift-van,
movable tank or other similar structure)]
[ ,
(, )
,
,
]
1
6
5
.
;
;
[
,
.
,
]
1
6
6
.
(
)
[,
,
]
1
6
7
.
[
2002 .
,
,
]
C
1
6
8
.
container terminal
[an area designated for the stowage of cargo
in containers, usually accessible by truck,
railroad, and marine transportation, where
containers are picked up, dropped off,
maintained, and housed (TRACECA)]
[,
,
,
,
, ,
(TRACECA)]
1
6
9
.
container yard
[a materials handling/storage facility used for
completely unitized loads in containers
and/or empty containers]
[ /
,
/ ]
1
7
0
.
containerization
1
7
1
.
containerized shipment;
container traffic
1
7
2
.
contract
[a document evidencing an agreement
between the seller and the buyer for the
supply of goods; its effects are equivalent to
those of an Order followed by an
Acknowledgement of order]
[,
;
,
( /)]
1
7
3
.
;
[
,
.
- ,
, ,
,
, .
C
,
,
]
1
7
4
.
contract responsibility
[, -
.
,
, ]
1
7
5
.
, 1994 . []
1
7
6
.
;
[ ,
.
. 1988
.
]
1
7
7
.
conveyance of passengers;
carriage of passengers
1
7
8
.
COTIF
[Convention, Legal Agreement on Railway
Transportations]
COTIF
[,
]
1
7
Core omponents; CC
[ /-
C
,
]
1
8
0
.
country of destination
1
8
1
.
[,
.
,
,
,
.
]
1
8
2
.
cover note
[document issued by an insurer (insurance
broker, agent, etc.) to notify the insured that
his insurance have been carried out.
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,
( , ..)
,
( /)]
1
8
3
.
CPD Carnet
[an international Customs document which
incorporates an internationally valid
guarantee and may be used, in lieu of
national Customs documents and as security
for import duties and taxes, to cover the
temporary admission of means of transport
and, where appropriate, the transit of means
of transport. It may be accepted for
controlling the temporary exportation and
reimportation of means of transport but, in
this case, the international guarantee does
not apply. Note: The CPD carnet is issued
under the terms of the Istanbul Convention
CPD
[ ,
,
,
.
,
.
: CPD
C
on the temporary importation of private road
vehicles, the Customs Convention on the
temporary importation for private use of
aircraft and pleasure boats]
,
,
]
1
8
4
.
credit advice
[a document or message sent by an accountservicing institution to one of his account
owners, to inform the account owner of an
entry which has been or will be credited to its
account for a specified amount on the date
indicated]
;
-
[ ,
,
,
- ,
]
1
8
5
.
crew member
[the master and any person occupied on
board a ship, with functions connected to the
steering, exploitation and servicing of the
vessel, and who is included in the crew list of
this vessel during the period of the voyage]
[ ,
, ,
,
]
1
8
6
.
cross-section of road
1
8
7
.
cubage
1
8
8
.
currency
[a medium of exchange of value to define by
reference to the geographical location of the
authorities responsible for it. A currency is
represented by a three-character ISO code]
[ ,
,
.
C
, ,
: , ,
..
e - ]
1
8
9
.
currency inspection
[
:
;
;
]
1
9
0
.
currency offenses
[
]
1
9
1
.
[,
:
; ;
; ,
]
1
9
2
.
Customs
[the Government Service which is
responsible for the administration of
Customs law and the collection of import and
export duties and taxes and which also has
responsibility for the application of other laws
and regulations relating, inter alia, to the
importation, transit and exportation of goods.
Note: This term is also used when referring
to any part of the Customs Service or its
main or subsidiary offices; this term is also
used adjectivally in connection with officials
[
( ,
, ),
,
,
,
,
,
C
of the Customs, import or export duties
control on goods, or any other matter within
the purview of the Customs (Customs officer,
Customs duties, Customs office, Customs
declaration)]
,
,
-
,
,
..;
,
,
.
,
,
, ,
( ),
]
1
9
3
.
1
9
4
.
Customs applicant
[any person who makes a goods declaration
or in whose name such a declaration is
made]
[,
]
1
9
5
.
[ ,
-
( ), ,
,
,
]
C
1
9
6
.
Customs area
[an area designated for storage of
commercial goods that have not yet cleared
Customs. It is surrounded by a customs
border]
[ ,
.
]
1
9
7
.
Customs barrier
[
]
1
9
8
.
[ ,
,
]
1
9
9
.
Customs border
[ ,
.
]
2
0
0
.
Customs broker
[an individual or company licensed by the
government to enter and clear goods through
Customs. The U.S. Customs Service defines
a Customs Broker, as any person who is
licensed in accordance with Part III of Title
19 of the Code of Federal Regulations
(Customs regulations) to transact Customs
business on behalf of others. Customs
business is limited to those activities
involving transactions with Customs
concerning the entry and admissibility of
merchandise; its classification and valuation;
the payment of duties, taxes, or other
charges assessed or collected by Customs
upon merchandise by reason of its
importation, or the refund, rebate, or
drawback thereof]
[ ,
,
,
]
C
2
0
1
.
Customs carrier
[
,
,
.
.
,
;
;
]
2
0
2
.
2
0
3
.
Customs check;
Customs examination
[the process by which the customs
authorities inspect the goods identified in the
customs documents and confirm whether the
goods are the same as described in the
documents and whether the goods are
eligible for entry]
[ ,
,
: ,
;
, ,
, ;
,
]
2
0
4
.
Customs clearance
[
,
,
()
.
,
C
,
,
,
() ;
() .
]
2
0
5
.
;
()
[ ,
(, ,
, ,
, ,
.),
. :
(
)
()
.
]
2
0
6
.
2
0
7
.
2
0
8
.
,
1972 ., 2
1972.
C
2
0
9
.
;
[ ]
2
1
0
.
(1954 1956 . )
[ ]
2
1
1
.
Customs control
[measures applied to ensure compliance with
the laws and regulations which the Customs
are responsible for enforcing. Note: The
measures may be general, e.g., in relation to
all goods entering the Customs territory, or
may be specifically related, to, e.g.: the
location of the goods (Customs surveillance
zone, etc.); the nature of the goods (liable to
a high rate of duty, etc.); the Customs
procedure applied to the goods (Customs
transit, etc.) (Kyoto Convention, Annex A.1)]
[
,
]
2
1
2
.
Customs convoy
2
1
3
.
Customs declaration
[any statement or action, in any form
prescribed or accepted by the Customs,
giving information or particulars required by
the Customs. Notes: This term include
declarations made through automatic data
processing and communication techniques.
This term also covers action required on the
part of passengers under the dual-channel
(red/green) system]
[
,
,
.
,
,
- ]
C
2
1
4
.
[,
( /)]
2
1
5
.
(
)
[,
106 ",
",
,
()]
2
1
6
.
Customs examination/inspection
2
1
7
.
[ - ,
.
:
,
, ;
;
,
; .
]
2
1
8
.
[
,
,
,
]
C
2
1
9
.
Customs fee
[,
]
2
2
0
.
Customs facilities
[there are two meanings of the term:
[ - ,
,
, ,
, .
.
:
;
;
]
2
2
1
.
Customs formalities
[all the operations which must be carried out
by the person concerned and by the
Customs in order to comply with the statutory
or regulatory provisions which the Customs
are responsible for enforcing in connection
with the control of persons at the Customs
frontier and the clearance of baggage, goods
and means of transport at importation,
exportation and in transit. These formalities
may include those relating to phytosanitary,
veterinary, immigration, currency and
licensing regulations]
;
;
[
,
,
,
.
,
, ,
]
2
2
2
.
[
,
,
(a)
Customs preferences or
C
]
2
2
3
.
,
[ ,
()]
2
2
4
.
Customs harmonization
[international efforts to increase the
uniformity of customs nomenclatures and
procedures in cooperating countries. The
Harmonized System, a uniform system of
tariff classification adopted by most major
trading countries in recent years, was one
such effort]
[
. ,
,
,
]
2
2
5
.
Customs house
( )
[ ,
,
]
2
2
6
.
[, ,
,
,
,
,
(
/)]
C
2
2
7
.
[
]
2
2
8
.
Customs invoice
[document required by the Customs in an
importing country in which an exporter states
the invoice or other price (e.g. selling price,
price of identical goods), and specifies costs
for freight, insurance and packing, etc., terms
of delivery and payment, for the purpose of
determining the Customs value in the
importing country of goods consigned to that
country. (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,
,
(, ,
)
, , . .,
,
(
/)]
2
2
9
.
Customs law;
Customs statute
[the statutory and regulatory provisions
relating to the importation, exportation,
movement or storage of goods, the
administration and enforcement of which are
specifically charged to the customs, and any
regulations made by the customs under their
statutory powers]
[
,
: ,
,
.
]
2
3
0
.
Customs office
[customs administrative unit competent for
the performance of customs formalities, and
the premises or other areas approved for
that purpose by the competent authorities]
[ ,
;
,
]
2
3
1
.
Customs paper
[,
]
C
2
3
2
.
customs payment
[ , ,
,
, ,
]
2
3
3
.
Customs policy
[ ,
]
2
3
4
.
Customs procedure
[treatment applied by the Customs to goods
which are subject to Customs control. Notes:
The reference to "goods" includes means of
transport]
[ ,
,
,
]
2
3
5
.
Customs regime;
Customs regulation
[ - , ,
.
-
- ,
,
]
2
3
6
.
Customs seal
[an assembly consisting of a seal and a
fastening which are joined together in a
secure manner. Customs seals are affixed in
connection with certain Customs procedures
(Customs transit, in particular) generally to
prevent or to draw attention to any
unauthorized interface with the sealed items.
Note: Customs seals are generally affixed to
packages, containers, load compartments of
means of transport, etc. They may also be
used as means of identification of goods
;
[,
,
.
( ,
)
-
. :
C
themselves]
, ,
..
]
2
3
7
.
Customs statute
2
3
8
.
Customs system
[
,
]
2
3
9
.
Customs tariff ;
duty rate
[tax on the importation of particular goods. It
is charged by a national government and
payable to it when the item/good crosses the
nations customs boundary. It is also
important to note that in some cases there
are tariffs on exported items. Nations have
tariff schedules that show an absolute
amount of duty to be paid on a variety of
imported items/goods. The tariff schedule of
destination countries will be essential data
for the project]
[ ,
,
]
2
4
0
.
Customs terminal
[,
,
]
2
4
1
.
Customs territory
[the territory in which uniform customs law,
tariff and other measures regulating foreign
trade activity are in force; the Revised Kyoto
Convention defines it as: The territory in
which the Customs law of a State applies in
full]
[,
,
.
C
,
.
:
,
.
, ,
]
2
4
2
.
-
;
-
;
[,
11 2001 .
,
]
2
4
3
.
Customs transit
[customs procedure under which goods are
transported under Customs control from one
Customs office to another]
[ ,
.
,
]
2
4
4
.
C
2
4
5
.
Customs union
[a free trade area with a common external
tariff. The participant countries set up
common external trade policy, but in some
cases they use different import quotas.
Common competition policy is also helpful to
avoid competition deficiency]
[
,
,
.
,
,
.
( XXIV 1994)]
2
4
6
.
Customs valuation
[
.
,
.
( ,
,
, ,
). ,
,
VII -1994
(
)]
2
4
7
.
Customs value
[the value of a product or a group of products
expressed in monetary terms, within a
consignment presented to Customs for the
assessment of duty and for statistical
reasons]
[ ,
,
,
,
,
C
,
.
, ,
]
2
4
8
.
Customs warehouse
[
,
.
(
)
(
).
,
.,
,
( ,
)]
D
dangerous goods (road transport)
[goods considered as dangerous according to
the European Agreement concerning the
International Carriage of Dangerous Goods
by Road (ADR) of 1957]
(
)
[,
]
2
5
0
.
[,
,
,
( /)]
2
5
1
.
2
5
2
.
2
5
3
.
data element
2
5
4
.
date of delivery
2
4
9
.
D
2
5
5
.
date of issue
2
5
6
.
data usability
2
5
7
.
dead freight
[freight charges paid by the charter of vessel
for the contracted space, which is left partially
unoccupied]
[ ,
]
2
5
8
.
decision
[the individual act by which the customs
decide upon a matter relating to customs law]
()
[ ,
,
]
2
5
9
.
declarant
[any natural or legal person who makes a
Customs declaration or in whose name such
a declaration is made. Notes: In some
countries, the term "declarant" is confined to
the persons who actually makes a Customs
declaration; in some countries, the declarant
is any natural or legal person who makes a
Customs declaration whether in his own
behalf, or in the name of another natural or
legal person, or in his own name but on
behalf of another natural or legal person]
[,
,
, (),
2
6
0
.
;
[,
,
.
,
D
,
]
2
6
1
.
declaration of origin
[appropriate statement as to the origin of the
goods, made in connection with their
exportation by the manufacturer, producer,
supplier, exporter or other competent person
on the Commercial Invoice or any other
document relating to the goods (WCO, Annex
D.2, Kyoto Convention)]
[
,
,
, ,
,
(, D.2
)]
2
6
2
.
[
- (,
1998 ).
.
(Trade in
Information Technologies Products (ITA)),
-
(, 1996 ).
(,
, ,
) 1 2000
0 61 -
.
,
,
]
2
6
3
deductions
D
2
6
4
.
2
6
5
.
2
6
6
.
[ ,
.
,
, (
)
(
,
,
, )
( 2000)]
2
6
7
.
[ ,
.
,
()
[,
,
;
D
the responsibility for and risk of the carrying
out Customs formalities and the payment of
formalities, Customs duties, taxes and other
charges) for import in the country of
destination. Such duty has to be borne by
the buyer as well as any costs and risks
caused by his failure to clear the goods for
import in time (INCOTERMS 2000)]
,
( )
,
(
,
, ,
).
,
, ,
( 2000)]
2
6
8
.
Delivered Ex Quay
[it means that the seller delivers when the
goods are placed at the disposal of a buzzer
not cleared for import on the quay (wharf) at
the named port of destination. The seller has
to bear costs and risks involved in bringing
the goods to the named port of destination
and discharging the goods on the quay
(wharf). The DEQ term requires the buyer to
clear the goods for importation and to pay for
all formalities, duties, taxes and other charges
upon import (INCOTERMS 2000)]
[ ,
,
,
,
.
,
.
DEQ
,
,
( 2000)]
2
6
9
.
delivery instructions
[document issued by a buyer giving
instruction regarding the details of the delivery
of goods ordered (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,
( /)]
2
7
0
.
delivery release
[document issued by a buyer releasing the
despatch of goods after receipt of a ready for
despatch advise from the seller
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
[ ,
(
/)]
D
2
7
1
.
delivery order
[document issued by a party entitled to
authorize the release of goods specified
therein to a named consignee, to be retained
by the custodian of the goods (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[, ,
,
( /)]
2
7
2
.
()
[ ,
()]
2
7
3
.
demurrage
[the agreed sum payable for delay beyond the
time stipulated]
[,
, ]
2
7
4
.
description of goods
2
7
5
.
despatch advice
[document by means of which the seller or
consignor informs the consignee about the
despatch of goods. (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,
( /)]
2
7
6
.
despatch order
[document issued by a supplier initiating the
despatch of goods to a buyer (consignee.)
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
[, ,
() ( /)]
2
7
7
.
(
)
[,
106 ",
",
D
,
()]
2
7
8
.
[,
-,
,
,
,
]
2
7
9
.
destination station
2
8
0
.
discrimination in trade
[ ,
,
,
,
]
2
8
1
.
diversification of routes
2
8
2
.
dock receipt
[when cargo is delivered to a steamship
company at the pier, the receiving clerk
issues a dock receipt]
[,
;
;
,
]
D
2
8
3
.
document
[any medium designed to carry and actually
carrying a record of data entries, it includes
magnetic tapes and disks, microfilms, etc.]
[ ,
, ,
]
2
8
4
.
[
]
2
8
5
.
document management
[management of documents circulation]
2
8
6
.
[ ,
]
2
8
7
.
2
8
8
.
()
[, ,
,
,
,
,
( /)]
D
2
8
9
.
[,
,
( /)]
2
9
0
.
[ -
.
-
2001
(). 2005 .
]
2
9
1
.
,
[ ,
,
2001 ,
,
,
, ,
]
2
9
2
.
door-to-door delivery
2
9
3
.
draft of exchange
[see bill of exchange]
2
9
4
.
drawback
[amount of import duties and taxes repaid
under the drawback procedure]
[
]
D
2
9
5
.
drawback procedure
[Customs procedure which, when goods are
exported, provides for a refund (total or
partial) to be made in respect of the import
duties and taxes charged on the goods, or on
materials contained in them or used up in
their production. (WCO)]
[ ,
,
]
2
9
6
.
drawee
[the individual or firm on whom a draft is
drawn and who owes the stated amount to
the drawer]
[,
(.. ,
).
]
2
9
7
.
due date
[the date when payment of duties and taxes is
due]
2
9
8
.
2
9
9
.
duty on import
[ ,
.
,
,
]
E
ebXML; Electronic Business XML initiative
[project of UN/CEFACT for interoperable ebusiness solutions; even if the eXtensible
Markup Language (XML) is mentioned in the
title, the project is technology neutral]
ebXML
[
]
3
0
1
.
electronic business
e-business
[connecting the computer systems of two or
more independent organizations/agencies/
firms into a dependent relationship. This is a
shift in business practice, where the
facilitation of business processes and the
opportunities offered by information and
communication technologies (ICT) converge.
In international trade e-business can mean
integrating the electronic exchange of
information into interoperable systems, and is
considered as part of international trade
facilitation]
;
[
//,
.
,
.
]
3
0
2
.
electronic commerce
[the production, advertising, sale and
distribution of products via
telecommunications networks]
[
,
.
]
3
0
3
.
EDIFACT;
UN/EDIFACT (Electronic Data Interchange
for Administration, Commerce and
Transport)
[Electronic Data Interchange for
Administration, Commerce and Transport,
from the UN-backed electronic data
interchange standards body, to create
electronic versions of common business
documents that will work on a global scale.
One digital document under consideration,
the International Forwarding and Transport
Message will do the jobs of six different
[
,
.
.
.
,
, .
3
0
0
.
E
electronic messages currently in use]
,
, ,
.
,
(UN Electronic
Data Interchange for Administration,
Commerce and Transport )]
3
0
4
.
3
0
5
.
,
;
3
0
6
.
3
0
7
.
3
0
8
.
enquiry
[document issued by a party interested in the
purchase of goods specified therein and
indicating particulars, desirable conditions
regarding delivery terms, etc., addressed to a
prospective supplier with a view to obtaining
an offer (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[, ,
,
,
. .,
( /)]
E
3
0
9
.
;
[ ]
3
1
0
.
/ ;
3
1
1
.
", "
[
]
3
1
2
.
examination of goods
[the physical inspection of goods by the
Customs to satisfy themselves that the
nature, origin, condition, quantity and value of
the goods are in accordance with the
particulars furnished in the Goods declaration]
()
[
,
,
,
]
3
1
3
.
()
[,
/,
,
,
( /)]
E
3
1
4
.
()
[ /
,
,
,
(
/)]
3
1
5
.
exit regulations
3
1
6
.
3
1
7
.
exportation
[the act of taking any goods out of the
Customs territory (WCO)]
[
]
3
1
8
.
export agent
[an intermediary who acts on behalf of a
company to open up or develop a market in a
foreign country. Export agents are often paid
a commission on all sales and may have
exclusive rights in a particular geographic
area]
;
[ ,
]
3
1
9
.
export broker
[the individual who brings together buyer and
seller for a fee, eventually withdrawing from
any transaction]
[ ,
,
,
,
E
. .]
3
2
0
.
export clearance
3
2
1
.
export control
[ -
,
.
.
:
;
..]
3
2
2
.
export declaration
[also known as the shipper's export
declaration (SED), this is a document
describing the complete particulars of a
specific shipment. It is required by the
Department of Commerce in order to control
exports and for statistical purposes]
()
[,
,
, , , ,
;
,
]
3
2
3
.
E
3
2
4
.
export factoring
[ -
]
3
2
5
.
export financing
[ ,
,
]
3
2
6
.
[
,
]
3
2
7
.
export guarantee
[
,
.
:
,
]
3
2
8
.
export leasing
[,
-,
]
3
2
9
.
export license
[document granting permission to export
goods as detailed within a specific time.
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,
( /)]
3
3
0
E
( /)]
3
3
1
.
export of goods
;
[ , (technology)
(services)
.
:
;
; (
)
; ;
, ,
..;
,
, ..;
;
]
3
3
2
.
[ ,
.
]
3
3
3
.
E
3
3
4
.
,
;
[,
]
3
3
5
.
export transaction
[ ,
, ]
3
3
6
.
/
[,
/
.
,
.
/]
3
3
7
.
export-import tax
/
[ ,
.
.
-
,
,
,
]
3
3
8
.
express carrier
E
3
3
9
.
3
4
0
.
[
,
. XML
(
),
,
(, XHTML),
. XML
,
.
XML
,
]
3
4
1
.
Ex Works;
EXW
[it means that the seller delivers when he
places the goods at the disposal of the buyer
at the sellers premises or another named
place (i.e. works, factoriy, warehouse, etc.)
not cleared for export and not loaded on any
collecting vehicule (INCOTERMS 2000)]
-
[ ,
,
(: , ,
..).
,
( 2000)]
F
3
4
2
.
3
4
3
.
[ ,
. ,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
, ,
.
( 2000)]
[ VIII -1994 (
,
)
,
,
.
,
,
( )
,
.
,
F
.
,
.
,
. -
]
3
4
4
.
ferry-liner shipment
-
[ .
,
,
-.
,
]
3
4
5
.
financial integrity
(
)
3
4
6
.
firms representative
[ ,
]
3
4
7
.
[ ,
]
F
3
4
8
.
flat-rate tariff
;
[ ,
(FIATA)]
3
4
9
.
3
5
0
.
[
,
/
/
( /)]
3
5
1
.
[,
]
3
5
2
.
foreign trade
[ ,
() ()
.
,
]
3
5
3
.
[
( ),
,
]
3
5
4
.
[
,
F
.
:
;
;
;
]
3
5
5
.
[ ,
.
.
]
3
5
6
.
formalities to be completed
3
5
7
.
forwarder
3
5
8
.
[ ,
,
, ,
(
/)]
3
5
9
.
;
[,
,
F
instructions, as indicated in the document,
and that he accepts responsibility for delivery
of the goods to the holder of the document
through the intermediary of a delivery agent
of his choice. The document is negotiable if
issued "to order"(FIATA)]
,
,
;
""]
3
6
0
.
forwarding document
forwarding instructions
[,
,
]
3
6
1
.
[, ,
,
,
,
,
,
. . ( /)]
3
6
2
.
forwarding agent
3
6
3
.
forwarding instructions
[document issued to a freight forwarder,
giving instructions regarding the action to be
taken by the forwarder for the forwarding of
goods described therein (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,
,
( /)]
F
3
6
4
.
3
6
5
.
frame contract
[
,
3
6
6
.
[
23 2005
, 166
-
-
.
.
,
,
.
. 4
: 1)
.
.
,
,
,
F
supported by a
sustainable capacitybuilding programme
(WCO)]
.
2)
,
.
3)
. 4)
- .
,
.
()
,
]
3
6
7
.
franco domicile
3
6
8
.
3
6
9
.
free alongside
[quoted price includes the cost of delivering
the goods alongside a designated vessel]
3
7
0
.
[ ,
,
. ,
.
F
clear the goods for export (Incoterms 2000)]
FAS
]
3
7
1
.
[
,
.
, FOSS,
,
. ,
FOSS,
, ,
]
3
7
2
.
[ ,
()
, ,
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
]
3
7
3
.
Free In;
F.I.
[cost of loading a vessel is borne by the
charter]
[ ,
]
F
3
7
4
.
[,
-
, ]
3
7
5
.
Free in bankers
free into barge
F.I.B.
3
7
6
.
" "
[ , ,
,
, ,
..,
,
]
3
7
7
.
freedom of transit
[ ,
V -1994.
,
-
,
,
, ,
]
3
7
8
.
free on board
FOB or f.o.b. [INCOTERMS 2000]
[it means that the seller delivers when the
goods pass the ships rail at the named prot
of shipment. This means that the buyer has
to bear all costs and risks of loss or of
damage to the goods from that point. The
[ ,
,
.
,
.
F
FOB term requires the seller to clear the
goods for export. This terms can be used onl
for sea or inland waterway transport. If the
parties do not intend to deliver the goods
across the ships rail, the FCA term should
be used (INCOTERMS 2000)]
FOB
.
.
, FCA]
3
7
9
.
free-trade agreement;
FTA
[an arrangement which establishes
unimpeded exchange and flow of goods and
services between trading partners regardless
of national borders]
[ ,
,
-]
3
8
0
.
free on rail;
free on truck;
FOR / FOT
[FIATA]
3
8
1
.
3
8
2
.
freight bill
3
8
3
.
freight charge
3
8
4
.
,
, ,
F
3
8
5
.
freight commission
3
8
6
.
freight company
3
8
7
.
freight declaration
[see cargo declaration]
3
8
8
.
Freighter
3
8
9
.
freight flow
3
9
0
.
freight forwarder;
international freight forwarder
[person or company who arranges for the
carriage of goods and associated formalities
on behalf of a shipper. The duties of a
forwarder include booking space on a ship,
providing all the necessary documentation
and arranging Customs clearance
(TRACECA)]
-
;
;
[ ,
.
,
]
3
9
1
[,
,
F
fulfillment of instructions received
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
( /)]
3
9
2
.
3
9
3
.
[,
-
-
( /)]
-
[,
(
/)]
3
9
4
.
freight forwarding
[arranging for the carriage of goods and
associated formalities]
()
[
]
3
9
5
.
freight invoice
[document issued by a transport operation
specifying freight costs and charges incurred
for a transport operation and stating
conditions of payment (UN/ECE/FAL)]
- ;
[,
,
( /)]
3
9
6
.
freight manifest
[document containing the same information
as a cargo manifest, and additional details
on freight amounts, charges, etc.
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,
, ,
,
, ,
. . ( /)]
3
9
7
.
[ ,
,
]
F
3
9
8
.
freight rate
3
9
9
.
freight rebate
4
0
0
.
freight traffic
4
0
1
.
freight transport
4
0
2
.
freight services
4
0
3
.
4
0
4
.
freight turnover
4
0
freight vessel
F
4
0
6
.
frontier control
[
.
: , , ,
,
]
4
0
7
.
frontier traffic
[ - ,
. -1994
( XXIV, 3)
-
,
.
-
,
.
,
,
15-25
.
,
,
]
4
0
8
.
G
gate pass
[document authorizing goods specified
therein to be brought out of a fenced-in port
or terminal area. (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,
( /)]
4
1
0
.
gateway
[a point at which freight moving from one
territory to another is interchanged between
transportation lines]
[,
,
,
]
4
1
1
.
[
,
.
-
- ,
.
: . V
(); . V ( );
. ( )]
4
1
2
.
general average
[FIATA]
[,
(
)
,
.
,
(, , ).
,
. ,
4
0
9
.
G
, : )
,
..; )
; ) ,
( ,
,
..)]
4
1
3
.
general cargo
[FIATA]
, -
4
1
4
.
4
1
5
.
4
1
6
.
[]
4
1
7
.
GIS;
Geographic Information System
4
1
8
.
good governance
[
,
]
G
4
1
9
.
[,
-,
( /)]
4
2
0
.
goods declaration
[a statement made in the manner prescribed
by the Customs, by which the persons
concerned indicate the Customs procedure
to be applied to the goods and furnish the
particulars which the Customs require for its
application (WCO glossary)]
[
,
,
,
()]
4
2
1
.
[,
, I
.1,
,
()]
4
2
2
.
[,
.1 (
)
()]
4
2
3
.
[,
.1
(
)
()]
G
4
2
4
.
goods details
4
2
5
.
goods receipt
[document issued by a port,
warehouse/shed, or terminal operator
acknowledging receipt of goods specified
therein on conditions stated or referred to in
the document. (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[, ,
/ ,
,
, ,
(
/)]
4
2
6
.
()
[,
,
, ,
,
]
4
2
7
.
4
2
8
.
gross weight
4
2
9
.
groupage
H
handling
[FIATA]
4
3
1
.
handling facilities
[loading and unloading]
4
3
2
.
handling information
4
3
3
.
handling order
[document issued by a cargo handling
organization (port administration, terminal
operator, etc.) for the removal or other
handling of goods under their care
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
[, ,
( ,
. .),
,
( /)]
4
3
4
.
harbour dues
[FIATA]
[,
,
]
4
3
5
.
harmonization
[(1) The changing of government regulations
and practices, as a result of an international
agreement, to make those of different
countries the same or more compatible. (2)
In the case of data harmonization, in order
to build Single Window systems or electronic
document exchange, harmonization involves
collecting and analyzing data requirements in
trade and transport documents/forms, as well
as mapping and aligning them to
international standards, code lists and Core
Component library. (3) Harmonization of
[ 1)
,
,
,
; (2)
,
,
4
3
0
.
H
national standards is the prevention or
elimination of differences in the technical
content of standards having the same scope,
particularly those differences that may cause
hindrances to trade. (4) In the case of tariffs,
this means making tariff rates more similar
across industries and/or across countries.]
/,
, /
Core Components. 3)
,
,
,
. 4) ,
.]
4
3
6
.
harmonized code
[an internationally accepted and uniform
description system for classifying goods for
Customs, statistical and other purposes]
[ "
"]
4
3
7
.
harmonized system;
HS
[an international nomenclature developed by
the World Customs Organization, which is
arranged in six-digit codes allowing all
participating countries to classify traded
goods on a common basis. Beyond the sixdigit level, countries are free to introduce
national distinctions for tariffs and many
other purposes (WTO)]
[
(6-
,
(
). 6
) ()]
4
3
8
.
haul
[trip, goods delivery]
4
3
9
.
haulage
[transportation, delivery]
H
4
4
0
.
haulier
[carrier of cargo]
4
4
1
.
homologation
[the certification of a product or specification
to indicate that it meets regulatory standards]
[
-]
4
4
2
.
I
identification of means of transport
4
4
4
.
impartiality
4
4
5
.
importation
[the act of bringing or causing any goods to
be brought into a Customs territory]
[ ,
;
]
4
4
6
.
[,
,
]
4
4
7
.
import cost
[ , ,
]
4
4
8
.
import deposit
[ ,
.
4
4
3
.
I
.
]
4
4
9
.
4
5
0
.
import licence
[document issued by the competent body in
accordance with import regulations in force,
by which authorization is granted to a named
party to import either a limited quantity of
designated articles or an unlimited quantity
of such articles during a limited period,
under conditions specified in the document
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,
,
,
,
(
/)]
4
5
1
.
import penetration
[
]
4
5
2
.
import regulation
[
,
]
4
5
3
.
import transaction
[ ,
, ]
4
5
importer agent
I
4
5
5
.
in-bond cargo
[cargo moving under Customs control where
duty has not yet been paid]
,
[, ,
]
4
5
6
.
INCOTERMS;
International Commercial Terms
[a codification of terms used in foreign trade
contracts that is maintained by the
International Chamber of Commerce]
[ ,
.
,
,
.
]
4
5
7
.
indirect export
[
]
4
5
8
.
indirect import
[
,
]
4
5
9
.
-
;
4
6
0
.
inland carrier
[a transportation company that hauls export
or import traffic between ports and inland
points (TRACECA)]
[ ,
]
I
4
6
1
.
4
6
2
.
inland navigation
[FIATA]
4
6
3
.
inland transport;
domestic operations
4
6
4
.
input data
4
6
5
.
in-quota
4
6
6
.
inspection certificate
[document issued by a competent body
evidencing that the goods described
therein have been inspected in
accordance with national or
international standards, in conformity
with legislation in the country in which
the inspection is required, or as
specified in the contract
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
()
[,
,
,
,
,
( /)]
4
6
7
.
insurance policy
[FIATA]
[ ,
]
I
4
6
8
.
4
6
9
.
[,
,
,
(, , ),
,
]
4
7
0
.
insurance certificate
[document issued to the insured certifying
that insurance has been effected and that a
policy has been issued. Such a certificate for
a particular cargo is primarily used when
good are insured under the terms of a
floating or an open policy; at the request of
the insured it can be exchanged for a policy
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
[, ,
,
.
,
;
( /)]
4
7
1
.
insurance policy
[document issued by the insurer evidencing
an agreement to insure and containing the
conditions of the agreement concluded
whereby the insurer undertakes for a specific
fee to indemnify the insured for the losses
arising out of the perils and accidents
specified in the contract (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[ ,
,
,
,
( /)]
4
7
2
.
insured
4
7
insurer
I
4
7
4
.
insurers invoice
[document issued by an insurer specifying
the cost of an insurance which has been
effected and claiming payment therefore
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
-
[,
( /)]
4
7
5
.
,
.
,
.
1982 (. )
,
.
4
7
6
.
integrated carrier
4
7
7
.
integrity
( )
4
7
8
.
[
, ,
,
.
I
,
, ,
,
, ,
, ,
, ,
,
]
4
7
9
.
intermodal container
[container for intermodal traffic]
4
8
0
.
4
8
1
.
intermodal equipment
[
.
.
,
40 ISO]
4
8
2
.
intermodal transport
[the movement of goods in one and the
same loading unit or road vehicle, which
uses successively two or more modes of
transport without handling the goods
themselves when changing modes]
4
8
3
.
intermodality
[the term has been used to describe a
system of transport whereby two or more
modes of transport are used to transport the
same loading unit or truck in an integrated
[
]
[
,
I
manner, without loading or unloading, in a
door-to-door transport chain (TRACECA)]
(
) -
]
4
8
4
.
[,
]
4
8
5
.
[
,
,
(, 21
1982 .)]
4
8
6
.
International Convention on
Simplification and Harmonization of
Customs Procedures;
The Revised Kyoto Convention (RKC)
[WCO]
[]
4
8
7
.
[
,
,
1952 .
]
4
8
8
[ -
,
4
8
9
.
4
9
0
.
4
9
1
.
4
9
2
.
[
]
4
9
3
.
4
9
4
.
[ ,
.
]
4
9
5
interoperability
I
4
9
6
.
inventory control
4
9
7
.
inventory of items
4
9
8
.
invisible trade
[ - ,
;
- ;
;
..]
4
9
9
.
invoice
(see also: commercial invoice; consular
invoice; Customs invoice; freight forwarders
invoice; freight invoice; insurers invoice;
proforma invoice)
5
0
0
.
[, ,
( /)]
5
0
1
.
invoice price
,
[, -
.
,
- ,
,
, ]
5
0
;
[,
I
issuing bank to pay the exporter when all of
the terms and conditions of the letter of credit
have been met]
.
-
-
, ]
5
0
3
.
5
0
4
.
Istambul Convention
[the expression commonly used to refer to
the Convention on temporary admission,
adopted by Customs Co-operation Council in
Istanbul in 1990]
[
,
1990 .]
J
July Package
[an arrangement achieved on 1 August 2005,
which defines modalities for negotiations in
the Doha round of WTO talks]
[
1 2005 .
,
]
5
0
6
.
just in time;
JIT
[the principle of production and inventory
control in which goods arrive when needed
for production or use]
" []" ;
" "
[ ,
,
]
5
0
7
.
just-in-time delivery
;
;
5
0
5
.
K
5
0
8
.
/
[
1974 .
(
) 2006 .
. 1999
.
,
.
,
,
. ,
() ,
.
- .
,
.
,
.
]
L
land carriage
[FIATA]
5
1
0
.
land haulage
5
1
1
.
5
1
2
.
[ ,
]
5
1
3
.
letter of credit
L/C
[a document issued by a bank per instructions
by a buyer of goods, authorizing the seller to
draw a specified sum of money under
specified terms]
[ -
, ]
5
1
4
.
letter of intent
[document by means of which a buyer informs
a seller that the buyer has accepted an offer
in principle and intends to enter into
contractual negotiations (UN/ECE/FAL)]
;
-
[,
( /)]
5
1
5
.
license
[,
,
( )
,
5
0
9
.
L
.
]
5
1
6
.
license trade
[ ,
"-",
]
5
1
7
.
licensing
( )
[
()
()
.
-
,
]
5
1
8
.
lien
[FIATA]
5
1
9
.
lift-on-lift-off (Lo-Lo)
[loading and unloading of intermodal transport
units using lifting equipment]
(-)
[
]
5
2
0
.
liner shipping
L
5
2
1
.
liquidation
[the finalization of a Customs entry]
5
2
2
.
loading charges
[FIATA]
5
2
3
.
loading contract
[FIATA]
5
2
4
.
loading expenses
[FIATA]
5
2
5
.
5
2
6
.
logistics
[the optimization of transport, storage,
handling and packaging of goods and
services from the point of origin to the point of
consumption. Essentially, logistics is about
getting the right thing, in the right place, for
the right price. Logistics is the part of supply
chain management encompassing transport
and inventory, while only barely dealing with
the production process]
long-term contract
5
2
7
.
L
5
2
8
.
loose goods;
bulk goods
[FIATA]
, ;
;
;
5
2
9
.
lumpsum rate
[FIATA]
;
[
]
M
manifest
[a list of the goods being transported by a
carrier (or a list of passengers)]
[,
(
)]
5
3
1
.
manufacturing instructions
[document issued within an enterprise to
initiate the manufacture of goods to be offered
for sale or otherwise supplied to customers
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,
,
(
/)]
5
3
2
.
marking
[letters, numbers, and other symbols placed
on cargo packages to facilitate identification.
Also known as marks]
[
,
,
]
5
3
3
.
marks
5
3
4
.
master
5
3
5
.
mates receipt
[document issued by a ship's officer to
acknowledge that a specified consignment
has been received on board a vessel, and the
apparent condition of the goods; enabling the
carrier to issue a bill of lading (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,
,
(
/)]
5
3
6
.
[
.
5
3
0
.
M
VII -1994
.
,
,
]
5
3
7
.
( );
[
,
]
5
3
8
.
mixed cargo
[two or more products carried on board one
ship (TRACECA)]
[ ,
]
5
3
9
.
mixed consignment
[FIATA]
;
;
;
5
4
0
.
mixed credit
[ ,
.
]
5
4
1
.
modality
[a way to proceed. In WTO negotiations,
modalities set broad outlines such as
formulas or approaches for tariff reductions
for final commitments]
[ , ,
M
]
5
4
2
.
( )
5
4
3
.
modes of delivery
[how international trade in services is supplied
and consumed. Mode 1: cross border supply;
Mode 2: consumption abroad; Mode 3:
foreign commercial presence; and mode 4:
movement of natural persons (WTO)]
[ (
): (a)
; (b)
; (c)
; (d)
]
5
4
4
.
[
1996 .
,
. :
,
,
.
]
5
4
5
.
mode of transport
5
4
M
5
4
7
.
most-favoured-nation;
MFN
5
4
8
.
most-favoured-nation principle
[ ,
.
I -1994
II . ,
,
- ,
, ,
. ,
,
,
, , ,
,
.
]
5
4
9
.
[,
,
]
5
5
0
.
M
5
5
1
.
[]
5
5
2
.
multimodal transport
[kind of traffic aimed at using various modes
of transport, as well as handling services
within a single system (more general notion in
comparison with intermodal traffic). The
carriage of goods by at least two different
modes of transport (TRACECA)]
[ ,
,
(
).
]
5
5
3
.
/
[( ) ,
;
;
,
,
,
, ,
,
,
( /)]
5
5
4
.
[ ,
/
,
,
]
M
Multimodal Transport Documents (ICC
Publication No 481)]
5
5
5
.
[,
,
,
(
,
)]
N
naming and design rules (in XML);
NDR
( XML);
5
5
7
.
[
, ]
5
5
8
.
national treatment
[ ,
, ,
,
(-1994, III, 1).
,
,
-
,
,
,
(, XVII)]
5
5
9
.
[,
,
,
;
]
5
6
net weight
5
5
6
.
N
5
6
1
.
[ ]
5
6
2
.
()
;
[ ,
.
,
,
- -
.
.
,
,
]
5
6
3
.
non-commercial payment
[
,
5
6
4
.
non-discrimination
[
]
5
6
5
.
[,
,
,
.
.
,
N
Transport Documents, ICC Publication No
481. (FIATA)]
/, 481 .
()]
5
6
6
.
5
6
7
.
non-tariff barriers;
NTB
[non-tariff barriers, such as quotas, import
licensing systems, sanitary regulations,
prohibitions, etc. Same as non-tariff
measures (WTO)]
[
,
, :
,
, ,
,
,
. ,
]
5
6
8
.
non-tariff measures
[
,
,
(
- ),
, ,
,
,
, ]
5
6
9
.
N
5
7
0
.
()
[
, ,
,
, ,
,
()]
5
7
1
.
()
[
, ,
,
,
()]
5
7
2
.
notification
();
5
7
3
.
notification clauses
[WTO]
5
7
4
.
5
7
5
O
offer
[
]
5
7
7
.
offer / quotation
[document which, with a view to concuding a
contract, sets out the conditions under which
the goods are offered (UN/ECE/FAL)]
/
[,
,
( /)]
5
7
8
.
omission
[the failure to act or give a decision required
of the Customs by Customs law within a
reasonable time on a matter duly submitted
to them]
[
,
,
]
5
7
9
.
one-stop-shop
[ ,
,
, ,
,
( ),
. ,
.
]
5
8
0
.
[
C ]
5
7
6
.
O
5
8
1
.
5
8
2
.
5
8
3
.
order
[document by mean of which a buyer initiates
a transaction with a seller involving the
supply of goods as specified, according to
conditions set out in an offer, or otherwise
known to the buyer]
[,
,
,
-
]
5
8
4
.
5
8
5
.
5
8
6
.
out of profile
[FIATA]
5
8
7
.
overland transport
P
packing instructions
[document issued within an enterprise giving
instructions on how goods are to be packed
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,
,
( /)]
5
8
9
.
package
5
9
0
.
packing list
[document specifying the distribution of
goods in individual packages (UN/ECE/FAL)]
;
[, ,
,
, ,
( /)]
5
9
1
.
parallel import
[a parallel import, also known as a grey
product, refers to a genuine (ie. noncounterfeit) product placed on the market in
one country, which is subsequently imported
into a second country without the permission
of the owner of the intellectual property rights
which attach to the product in the second
country]
[ ,
,
]
5
9
2
.
part load
5
9
3
.
5
8
8
.
P
5
9
4
.
5
9
5
.
particular average
[FIATA]
[ ]
5
9
6
.
payment agreement
[
,
]
5
9
7
.
payment instructions
5
9
8
.
payment order
[document containing information needed to
initiate the payment. It may cover the
financial settlement for one or more
commercial trade transactions. A payment
order is an instruction to the ordered bank to
arrange for the payment of one specified
amount to the beneficiary (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[, ,
;
;
( /)]
5
9
9
.
[,
,
]
6
0
0
.
( )
[ ,
P
,
(), 1970]
6
0
1
.
[,
]
6
0
2
.
phytosanitary certificate
[document issued by the competent body in
the exporting country evidencing that plants,
fruit, or vegetables are free from disease and
fit for consumption and giving details on
fumigation or other treatment to which they
may have been subjected. (UN/ECE/FAL)]
6
0
3
.
pick list
[a list, typically generated by a computer, of
what items need to be picked to fulfill an
order]
[,
-
,
,
, , (
/)]
pick list
[a list, typically generated by a computer, of
what items need to be picked to fulfill an
order]
6
0
4
.
6
0
5
.
piggy-back traffic
[FIATA]
6
0
6
.
place of delivery
6
0
P
6
0
8
.
place of issue
6
0
9
.
6
1
0
.
place of transhipment
6
1
1
.
6
1
2
.
6
1
3
.
6
1
4
.
port administration
6
1
[,
,
P
other charges due to the owner of goods
described therein. (UN/ECE/FAL)
,
( /)]
6
1
6
.
post-clearance audit
6
1
7
.
port marks
[an identifying set of letters numbers and/or
geometric symbols followed by the name of
the port of destination, which are placed on
export shipments]
[ ,
, , ,
/ ,
]
6
1
8
.
port of discharge;
POD
[port where vessel is off loaded and cargo
discharges]
[, ]
6
1
9
.
port of entry
[a port at which foreign goods are readmitted into the receiving country]
[,
6
2
0
.
port of loading
[port where cargo is loaded aboard the
vessel lashed and stowed]
[,
]
6
2
1
.
6
2
2
.
pre-arrival clearance
[
]
P
6
2
3
.
pre-carriage by
6
2
4
.
preferential tariffs
6
2
5
.
6
2
6
.
6
2
7
.
prepaid freight
[generally speaking, freight charges both in
ocean and air transport may be either
prepaid in the currency of the country of
export or they may be billed collect for
payment by the consignee in his local
currency. However, on shipments to some
countries freight charges must be prepaid
because of foreign exchange regulations of
the country of import and/or rules of
steamship companies or airlines]
[ ,
,
. ,
.
,
,
, , e
,
]
6
2
8
.
preshipment inspection;
PSI
[the practice of employing specialized private
companies to check shipment details of
goods ordered overseas i.e. price,
quantity, quality, etc (WTO)]
[,
,
, ,
P
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
.
.
27 ,
]
6
2
9
.
prima facie
[latin, "on first appearance." A term
frequently encountered in foreign trade.
When a steamship company issues a clean
bill of lading, it acknowledges that the goods
were received "in apparent good order and
condition" and this is said by the courts to
constitute prima facie evidence of the
conditions of the containers; that is, if nothing
to the contrary appears, it must be inferred
that the cargo was in good condition when
received by the carrier]
prima facie
[ . ,
]
6
3
0
.
principal
;
;
6
3
1
.
[
,
.
P
]
6
3
2
.
proforma invoice
[document serving as a preliminary invoice,
containing - on the whole - the same
information as the final invoice, but not
actually claiming payment (UN/ECE/FAL)]
-
[,
,
,
( /)]
6
3
3
.
proof of delivery
[,
]
6
3
4
.
provisional declaration
6
3
5
.
purchase
[
]
6
3
6
.
purchase order
[document issued within an enterprise to
initiate the purchase of articles or materials
required for the production or manufacture of
goods to be for sale or otherwise supplied to
customers (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,
,
,
(
/)]
6
3
7
.
6
3
8
.
purchasing agent
[see buying agent]
P
6
3
9
.
6
4
0
.
/
[,
(
) .
,
()
;
]
quotation
[An offer to sell goods at a stated price and
under specified conditions, with a view to
concuding a contract]
[,
,
]
R
radio frequency identification;
RFID
[RFID refers to systems that use
transponders that transmit data to an RFID
receiver. RFID systems can be used to track
things as large as ocean-going containers
onboard a ship to being incorporated into a
label on product. RFID can carry more
information than barcodes, allowing for such
information as batch number, and date of
manufacture.]
[RFID refers to systems that use transponders
that transmit data to an RFID receiver. RFID
systems can be used to track things as large
as ocean-going containers onboard a ship to
being incorporated into a label on product.
RFID can carry more information than
barcodes, allowing for such information as
batch number, and date of manufacture.
,
,
,
().]
6
4
2
.
[ ,
,
, (
) ;
,
,
]
6
4
3
.
railway gauge
[broad, narrow, standard gauge]
[, , ]
6
4
4
.
random supply
6
4
rate of exchange
6
4
1
.
R
6
4
6
.
[,
,
(
/)]
6
4
7
.
reasonable charges
[GATT article V: Transit]
6
4
8
.
receiving date
6
4
9
.
[
,
,
.
,
.
,
]
6
5
0
.
reexportation
[FIATA]
[ , - ,
,
]
6
5
1
.
references
R
6
5
2
.
[,
,
,
,
,
(, , ,
) ( /)]
6
5
3
.
reimportation
[FIATA]
[ -
( , ..),
. -
,
,
]
6
5
4
.
( )
[
]
6
5
5
.
repayment
[the refund, in whole or in part, of duties and
taxes paid on goods and the remission, in
whole or in part, of duties and taxes where
payment has not been made]
6
5
6
.
[, ,
( /)]
6
5
7
.
R
6
5
8
.
resident agent
;
-
[ ,
]
6
5
9
.
restricted articles
6
6
0
.
restriction
[
,
]
6
6
1
.
RFID
(see radio frequency identification)
RFID;
(. )
6
6
2
.
right of appeal
[WTO]
[]
6
6
3
.
risk assessment
[ ]
6
6
4
.
6
6
5
risk management
[the process of measuring, or assessing, risk
and developing strategies to manage it.
-
[, ,
,
R
Strategies include transferring the risk to
another party, avoiding the risk, reducing the
negative effect of the risk, and accepting
some or all of the consequences of a
particular risk. Traditional risk management
focuses on risks stemming from physical or
legal causes (e.g. natural disasters or fires,
accidents, death, and lawsuits)]
,
,
,
]
6
6
6
.
river waybill
[transport document issued by the carrier to
the shipper of goods carried by river which
evidences receipt of the goods for carriage
and binds the carrier to surrender the goods
to the consignee at the port of destination.
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
[ ,
,
,
(
/)]
6
6
7
.
6
6
8
.
[ ,
]
6
6
9
.
road haulage;
trailer truck
6
7
0
.
()
R
6
7
1
.
rolling road
[transport of complete road vehicules, using
roll-on roll-off techniques, on trains
comprising lowfloor wagons throughout]
[
]
6
7
2
.
"-"
[
,
,
.
]
6
7
3
.
route
6
7
4
.
royalties
,
, ,
..
6
7
5
.
6
7
6
.
6
7
rules of origin
[specific provisions, developed from
principles established by national legislation
[,
R
or international agreements ("origin criteria"),
applied by a country to determine the origin
of goods. (Annex D.1. to the Kyoto
Convention.)]
,
( D.1
)]
S
6
7
8
SAFE
[Framework of Standards for security in
international trade, adopted by the World
Customs Organization]
.
6
7
9
.
SAFETIR;
SafeTIR
[System of Electronic Control for TIR
Carnets]
SAFETIR ( TIR)
[
]
6
8
0
.
safety
6
8
1
.
6
8
2
.
sanitary certificate
[document issued by the competent authority
in the exporting country evidencing that
alimentary and animal products, including
dead animals, are fit for human consumption,
and giving details, when relevant, of controls
undertaken (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,
-
,
,
,
,
( /)]
6
8
3
.
6
8
4
.
Schedule B
[refers to "Schedule B, Statistical
Classification of Domestic and Foreign
Commodities Exported from the United
States." Being replaced under the
" B"
[ ,
(
S
Harmonized System of the WCO (USA)]
);
.
]
6
8
5
.
seal
[a piece of metal or other material used to
joint together two ends of a fastening
in a secure manner]
[
,
()
, , ]
6
8
6
.
seal a container
6
8
7
.
sealing
6
8
8
.
seamless
[a process which does not contain
procedural, "manual", or other interventions
that would hamper the possibility of
developing an automated version of this
process]
(???)
seamless
[a process which does not contain procedural,
"manual", or other interventions that would
hamper the possibility of developing an
automated version of this process]
6
8
9
.
sea shipping
6
9
0
.
sea waybill
[non-negotiable document which evidences a
contract for the carriage of goods by sea and
the taking over of the goods by the carrier,
and by which the carrier undertakes to
deliver the goods to the consignee named in
the document. (UN/ECE/FAL) Remark:
Synonymous with "straight" or "non-
[ ,
,
;
""
S
negotiable Bill of Lading" used in certain
countries, e.g. Canada and the United States
of America]
"" ,
,
( /)]
6
9
1
.
sender
6
9
2
.
senders instructions
6
9
3
.
6
9
4
.
shed operator
6
9
5
.
ship
6
9
6
.
shipment
[freight tendered to a carrier by one
consignor at one piece at one time for
delivery to one consignee at one place on
one bill of lading]
, , ;
( )
6
9
7
.
[ (IMCO FAL 1),
,
,
1965.
S
and departure providing information
concerning the ship itself and summary
information relating to the cargo, crew,
passengers and voyage (WCO)]
,
, ]
6
9
8
.
shipper
[a party that tenders goods for transportation,
as opposed to a carrier, who transports
shipments]
6
9
9
.
shippers declaration
7
0
0
.
[,
,
,
(,
1992 )]
7
0
1
.
ships manifest
[an instrument in writing containing a list of
the shipments comprising the cargo of the
vessel]
[ ,
, ]
7
0
2
.
shipping capacities
7
0
3
.
shipping documentation
S
7
0
4
.
shipping company
7
0
5
.
shipping instructions ;
shippers letter of instruction (SLI) ;
consignment instructions
[document advising details of cargo and
experter's requirements for its physical
movement (UN/ECE/FAL); Instructions from
either the seller/shipper or the
buyer/consignee to a freight forwarder,
carrier or their agent, or other provider of a
service, enabling the movement of goods
and associated activities. The following
functions can be covered: movement and
handling of goods (shipping, forwarding and
stowage), customs formalities, distribution of
documents, allocation of documents (freight
and charges for the connected operations),
special instructions (insurance, dangerous
goods, goods release, additional documents
required).]
shipping line
[,
( /)
Instructions from either the seller/shipper or
the buyer/consignee to a freight forwarder,
carrier or their agent, or other provider of a
service, enabling the movement of goods and
associated activities. The following functions
can be covered: movement and handling of
goods (shipping, forwarding and stowage),
customs formalities, distribution of documents,
allocation of documents (freight and charges
for the connected operations), special
instructions (insurance, dangerous goods,
goods release, additional documents
required).]
7
0
7
.
shipping marks
7
0
8
.
shipping note
S/N
[document provided by the shipper or his
agent to the carrier, multimodal transport
operator, terminal or other receiving
authority, giving information about export
consignments offered for transport, and
providing for the necessary receipts and
declarations of liability (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,
,
,
,
,
,
(
7
0
6
.
S
) ( /)]
7
0
9
.
shipping operations
7
1
0
.
shipping order
7
1
1
.
7
1
2
.
shipping tariff
7
1
3
.
short shipped
[cargo manifested but not loaded]
[ ,
]
7
1
4
.
sight draft
[a draft payable upon presentation to the
drawee]
[ ;
, ]
7
1
5
.
()
S
7
1
6
.
Singapore issues
[four issues introduced to the WTO agenda
at the December 1996 Ministerial
Conference in Singapore: trade and
investment, trade and competition policy,
transparency in government procurement,
and trade facilitation (WTO)]
[ ,
,
: ,
,
]
7
1
7
.
[,
,
.
-
]
7
1
8
.
single window
[a system that allows all participants in trade
and transport file requested information in
only one place, in a standard format, in order
to carry out import, export and transit
operations]
[,
, ,
,
]
7
1
9
.
7
2
0
.
"
"
7
2
1
.
SMGS
[Agreement on International Goods Traffic]
;
[
]
7
2
2
[ ,
-
S
,
-
]
7
2
3
.
smuggling;
contraband
[the fraudulent taking into a country, or out of
it, merchandise which is lawfully prohibited.
To bring something into a location secretly or
by fraud]
[ -
--
]
7
2
4
.
7
2
5
.
[ ,
( 4).
,
,
,
.
,
.
.
.
]
7
2
standard
[, , ,
S
.
,
,
,
.
, ,
, ]
7
2
7
.
7
2
8
.
[
,
;
]
7
2
9
.
,
[,
,
,
( /)]
7
3
0
.
standardization
[a universally agreed set of guidelines
seeking to facilitate international trade by
harmonizing individual countries traderelevant regulations. Standarized input parts
permit the creation of effective cross-country
supply chain]
7
3
1
,
[,
,
S
by the body responsible for the collection of
international trade statistics (UN/ECE/FAL)]
( /)]
7
3
2
.
stocknote
[
,
.
: ,
, , , ,
.
-
]
7
3
3
.
stores
[goods intended for consumption by the
passengers and the crew on board vessels,
aircraft on trains, whether or not sold; Goods
necessary for the operation and
maintenance of vessels, aircraft or trains,
including fuel and lubricants but excluding
spare parts and equipment; and goods for
sale to the passengers and the crew of
vessels and aircraft with a view to being
landed. Note: Customs treatment of stores
for vessels, aircraft or trains used for
commercial purposes is dealt with in Annex
A.4. to the Kyoto Convention]
[,
,
, ,
; ,
,
(
]
7
3
4
.
stores requisition
[document issued within an enterprise
ordering the taking out of stock of goods
ordered by a customer]
[,
, ]
7
3
5
.
stowage
, ;
7
3
6
S
7
3
7
.
streamline
[to simplify, to modernize process of
production]
, ,
(
)
7
3
8
.
stream of supply
7
3
9
.
supplier
7
4
0
.
supplementary charges
7
4
1
.
supply
7
4
2
.
supply chain
7
4
3
.
()
7
4
4
.
surety bond
[a bond insuring against loss or damage or
for the completion of obligations]
;
[
,
. ,
]
T
tally sheet
[list of cargo, incoming and outgoing,
checked by tally clerk on dock]
;
;
[,
]
7
4
6
.
tank wagon
[wagon designed for the bulk transport of
liquids or gases]
-
[,
]
7
4
7
.
tare weight
[the weight of the container and/or packing
materials only - excluding the weight of the
goods inside the container]
[]
[ ,
]
7
4
8
.
[ ,
"" ]
7
4
9
.
tariff applied
7
5
0
.
tariff barriers
[ ,
]
7
5
1
.
tariff classification
7
4
5
.
T
7
5
2
.
tariff distance, km
7
5
3
.
tariff quota
[,
]
7
5
4
.
(
)
[,
(
/)]
7
5
5
.
TBT Agreement
[WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to
Trade]
7
5
6
.
[ ,
,
, ,
,
-
.
]
7
5
7
.
T
7
5
8
.
technical rules
[,
,
.
,
,
]
7
5
9
.
TEN
[Trans-European Transport Network]
TEN
[ ]
7
6
0
.
terminal operator
7
6
1
.
terms of delivery
7
6
2
.
third party
[any person who deals directly with the
Customs, for and on behalf of another
person, relating to the importation,
exportation, movement or storage of goods]
7
6
3
.
;
3PL
[ 3PL
, .
,
,
. ,
,
,
3PL-
T
.
:
,
,
. ,
,
,
-
,
3PL. ,
3PL-,
,
]
7
6
4
.
[,
,
,
,
,
,
(
/)]
7
6
5
.
through rate
7
6
6
.
TIR Convention
TIR Transport International Road
[Customs Convention on International
Transportation of Goods using TIR carnets]
[
]
7
6
7
TIR Carnet
[international Customs document
(International Transit by Road) issued by a
( TIR)
[
,
T
guaranteeing association approved by
Customs authorities, under the cover of
which transiting goods are transported, in
most cases under a Customs seal, in road
vehicles and/or containers in compliance
with the requirements of the TIR Convention
of the International Transport of Goods under
cover of TIR Carnets (TIR Convention)]
,
,
,
,
/
( )]
7
6
8
.
to be paid by
7
6
9
.
tolling
[ ()
.
,
.
: ,
; .
,
,
]
7
7
0
.
TRACECA
[Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia]
[ -]
7
7
1
.
track gauge
[distance between a pair of rails measured
between the inside edges of the rail
heads]
[ ,
.
:
, , ]
T
7
7
2
.
trade agreement
[
,
]
7
7
3
.
trade controls
[ ,
.
,
,
..]
7
7
4
.
trade facilitation
[simplification, standardization and
harmonization of procedures and all
necessary information required for the
movement of goods from the seller to the
buyer and for payment (UN/CEFACT)]
[,
,
;
;
,
,
. :
,
(
trade promotion)
,
.
]
7
7
5
.
T
7
7
6
.
[, ,
,
.
, :
(,
),
, ,
.
50- ,
,
, .]
7
7
7
.
trade treaties
[
,
]
7
7
8
.
traffic
[freight, transportations, turnover of goods,
freight flow (TRACECA)]
,
[, , ]
7
7
9
.
traffic document
shipping documentation
7
8
0
.
traffic flow
7
8
1
.
transaction costs
[any costs paid on top of the agreed price in
an economic exchange. Transactions costs
include the costs of searching for an
appropriate exchange opportunity,
(
)
[ ,
,
]
T
negotiating a contract and enforcing it. They
also contain supplementary payments like
tariffs or ad hoc taxes and the opportunity
costs of time wasted in dealing with
bureaucracy]
7
8
2
.
transaction value
[
]
7
8
3
.
[]
[,
;
,
]
7
8
4
.
transit trade
[a cross-border trade transaction, where the
transported goods cross one or several
countries before arriving at the country of
destination. Transit trade could considerably
raise freight and transaction costs and thus
discourage cross-border trade. Major
obstacles could be different standards and
regulations, lacking transport infrastructure
or ICT usage, and border crossing fares and
delays. Article V of the GATT endorses the
freedom of transit, non-discriminatory
treatment of transit trade, and an abolition of
delays and excessive border levies, in order
to encourage transit trade.]
[a cross-border trade transaction, where the
transported goods cross one or several
countries before arriving at the country of
destination. Transit trade could considerably
raise freight and transaction costs and thus
discourage cross-border trade. Major
obstacles could be different standards and
regulations, lacking transport infrastructure or
ICT usage, and border crossing fares and
delays. Article V of the GATT endorses the
freedom of transit, non-discriminatory
treatment of transit trade, and an abolition of
delays and excessive border levies, in order to
encourage transit trade.]
7
8
5
.
transshipment
[Customs procedure under which goods are
transferred under Customs control from the
importing means of transport to the exporting
means of transport within the area of on
Customs office which is the office of both
importation and exportation (Transhipment is
dealt in Annex E.2. to the Kyoto
Convention)]
[ ,
()
,
T
( 2
)]
7
8
6
.
transshipment port
[a port where cargo is transferred from one
carrier to another or from one vessel of a
carrier to another vessel of the same carrier
without the cargo leaving the port]
[,
,
]
7
8
7
.
transit
[a process of passing through or over or the
conveyance of persons or things from one
place to another.Customs: A procedure
according to which cargo or passengers
pass from one Customs office to another
under Customs control, whereby the cargo
can pass:in inward transit, i.e. from an import
office to an inland Customs office; in outward
transit, i.e. from an inland Customs office to
an export office; in through transit, i.e. from
an import office to an export office; in interior
transit, i.e. from one inland Customs office to
another. Inward transit, outward transit and
through transit are referred to as
international Customs transit if they are done
in a single transit operation crossing several
frontiers. A prerequisite for this is a bilateral
agreement]
[ ,
,
,
, ,
.: V
]
7
8
8
.
transit bond-not
[national Customs document providing
authority for goods to be conveyed in
Customs transit without prior payment of
import duties and taxes, generally containing
all the particulars necessary for the
assessment, where appropriate, of import
duties
and taxes, and an undertaking, covered by
security, to produce the goods at the
Customs office of destination with Customs
seals intact (WCO)]
[ ,
,
, ,
, ,
,
]
7
8
9
transit duties
[,
]
T
7
9
0
.
transit traffic
7
9
1
.
transparency
[ ,
, ]
7
9
2
.
transport axes
7
9
3
.
transport chain
7
9
4
.
transport details
7
9
5
.
transport information
7
9
6
.
(
)
[
,
,
]
T
7
9
7
.
( )
[
,
,
]
7
9
8
.
transport services
()
7
9
9
.
transport-unit
[any means of transporting goods suitable for
use in a Customs transit operation or under
Customs seal. The term transport-unit
means : containers having an internal
volume of on cubic metre or more, road
vehicles, including trailers and semi-trailers,
railway wagons, and lighters, barges and
similar vessels (WCO)]
[ ,
.
:
1
, ,
, ,
, ]
8
0
0
.
transportation;
conveyance;
carriage
8
0
1
.
transportation of goods
8
0
2
.
trucking
8
0
3
;
;
8
0
4
.
[
,
;
1 ]
types of packages
U
unified Customs code
8
0
6
.
8
0
7
.
8
0
8
.
, 1964
[ -
FAS
.
,
]
8
0
9
.
8
1
0
.
8
1
1
.
- (
);
8
0
5
.
U
8
1
2
.
;
( UNTDED)
8
1
3
.
8
1
4
.
unitization
[the packing of single or multiple
consignments into ULDs or pallets]
8
1
5
.
-;
8
1
6
.
()
[ ,
,
,
]
8
1
7
.
unladen transport;
empty carriage
U
8
1
8
.
unnecessary delays
[GATT article V: Transit]
8
1
9
.
urgent consignment
[goods which require rapid clearance as a
matter of priority due to :their nature, their
being relief consignments; their meeting a
fully justified urgent need]
;
[,
.
,
,
,
,
]
V
value declaration
[document in which a declarant (importer)
states the invoice or other price (e.g. selling
price, price of identical goods), and specifies
costs for freight, insurance and packing, etc.,
terms of delivery and payment, any
relationship with the trading partner etc., for
the purpose of determining the Customs
value of goods imported (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[, ()
(, ,
) ,
, . .,
, -
. .
( /)]
8
2
1
.
value insured
8
2
2
.
vessel
[any merchant vessel entered in the Register
Book or in any other official list of a Party
and sailing under the flag of this Party in
accordance with its legislation. However, this
term does not include: warships and vessels
used for non commercial purposes; fishing
boats]
[ ,
.
:
,
; ]
8
2
3
.
veterinary certificate
[document issued by the competent authority
in the exporting country evidencing that live
animals or birds are not infested or infected
with disease, and giving details regarding
their provenance, and of vaccinations and
other treatment to which they have been
subjected (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,
-
,
,
, (
/)]
8
2
4
.
volume
8
2
5
8
2
0
.
W
warehouse depositor
[, ]
8
2
7
.
warehouse keeper
8
2
8
.
warehouse receipt
[a receipt of commodities deposited in a
warehouse, identifying the commodities
deposited. It is non-negotiable if permitting
delivery only to a specified person or firm,
but it is negotiable if made out to the order of
a person or firm or to a bearer. Endorsement
(without endorsement if made out to bearer)
and delivery of a negotiable warehouse
receipt serves to transfer the property
covered by the receipt serves to transfer the
property covered by the receipt. Warehouse
receipts are common documents in
international banking]
[,
.
,
,
]
8
2
9
.
warehouse warrant
[FIATA]
[ ,
.
:
.
.
.
, ..
,
8
2
6
.
W
]
8
3
0
.
way bill
8
3
1
.
[
(
)]
8
3
2
.
[ ,
.
]
-
;
[ /
]
-
;
Andean Community;
CAN
[www.comunidadandina.org/endex.htm]
BINSA;
Black Sea International Ship Owners
Association
BRASS
[Black Sea Association of Shipbuilders and Ship
Repairmen]
BRASS
[
]
BSEC
[Black Sea Economic Cooperation]
[
]
Caribbean Community;
CARICOM
[www.caricom.org]
CHR;
[Council of Heads of Railways]
[ ]
[
.
-1994
,
1a
.
.
.
,
.
- ]
;
()
[
IV
(),
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
,
. ,
.
. ,
1.1.1995 ,
.
]
ECO;
Economic Cooperation Organization
[www.ecosecretariat.org]
ECMT ;
European Conference of Ministers of
Transport
[a forum in which Ministers responsible for
transport, and more specifically the inland
transport sector, can co-operate on policy. Web
site : www.cemt.org]
[ ,
,
17 1953 .
43 , 7 (,
, , , ,
) 1 -
(). -
,
.
]
European Union;
EU
[europa.eu]
FIATA
[International Federation of Freight Forwarders
Associations; web page www.fiata.com]
[
]
[ ,
,
,
.
,
]
[
. 1919 ,
- .
, -
, ,
. ,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
, ,
]
International Chamber of Shipping;
ICS
[www.marisec.org]
IFC;
[International Freighting Corporation]
[
.
154 (www.iso.org)]
[
,
(TIR), www.iru.org]
[ 1934.
,
.
,
,
]
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
organizations]
organizations]
[ ,
]
[
, 29 ,
(, , ,
).
,
,
-.
,
.
-.
,
, ,
. -
().
,
,
]
SECIPRO
[a network of national PRO Committees in
Southeast Europe; a PRO Committee is a
national body that aims to increase business and
investment through the simplification and
modernization of procedures and information
exchange in administration, commerce and
transport] SECIPRO is part of SECI
[
- .
,
,
, ]
[
, .
,
. ,
, .
]
SPECA UN;
[UN Special Programme for Economies of
Central Asia]
[
]
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
TRACECA;
Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia
[web site : http://www.traceca-org.org/]
;
-
:
,
..
[]
[
]
World Bank;
International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development
[www.worldbank.org]
[
-
().
(World Bank).
, .
-
180.
,
,
,
.
-
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
.
,
.
1992 .
- .
-
.
,
.
.
,
-
]
World Customs Organization (WCO)
[World Customs Organization, a multilateral body
located in Brussels through which participating
countries seek to simplify and rationalize
Customs procedures; web page:
www.wcoomd.org]
()
[ ,
()
; ,
;
,
,
]
[www.wto.org]
[ 1995
,
.
, ,
.
-
,
.
]