Hitachi Review Vol. 53 (2004), No.

191

Trends in Engine Management Systems and Hitachi Groups Initiatives

2002 Regulation 2003 2004 SULEV 2005 New Emission Standard 2006 2007 2008 CO2 (140 g/km)/ Euro-5 2010 2011 CO2 (120 g/km)/ Euro-5

Rate of decrease in fuel consumption (%)

50

Next-generation HEV with high-performance engine and transmission Hybrid

FCEV

40

HEV (port fuel injection engine) Diesel EGR module Common rail

Fusion of systems U-SCR

30

DPF

HCCI

Clean fuel

20 NOx Catalyst Stratified charge 10 CVT AMT 6-speed AT 5-speed AT 0 SULEV: super ultra low emission vehicle HEV: hybrid electric vehicle AMT: automated manual transmission FCEV: fuel-cell electric vehicle

DI Homogeneous charge

Down-sizing Transmission Non-throttle Inlet and exhaust VTC Atomization Electro-magnetic valve (EMV)

AMT (next-generation)

Intake VTC

Port fuel injection

DPF: diesel particle filter EGR: exhaust gas recirculation U-SCR: urea-selective catalytic reduction HCCI: homogeneous charge-compression ignition

DI: direct injection CVT: continuous variable transmission AT: automatic transmission EMV: electro-magnetic valve

TO preserve the natural environment that we have enjoyed so far, and for the future enjoyment as well, restrictions on automobiles are being made more strict each year. Measures for preventing atmospheric pollution to DRAM Logic be implemented before 2010 include the New Emission Standard (2005) in Japan, SULEV (super ultra-low emission vehicle) in North America, and the Euro-5 strengthened exhaust gas regulations in Europe. Severe regulation of CO2 emissions are also planned as a measure against global warming, particularly in Europe. Providing society with functions that will satisfy those requirements is becoming an issue that DRAM must be addressed by automobile manufacturers. Turning attention to energy resources, although oil is expected to last another 40 to 50 years, the countries that are capable of producing oil will steadily decline in number over the next 20 years. On the other hand, alternative energy sources such as natural gas are distributed over all regions, so there will be a shift

from the crude oil dependency that has existed toward a distribution of energy according to the circumstances of each country. Under such circumstances, we expect that use of the HEV, which combines the internal combustion engine and electric motor drive, will expand and that the FCEV, which produces energy from hydrogen, will become truly practical by 2010. In that era, too, however, gasoline, light oil and heavy oil are expected to continue to be the main fuels for internal combustion engines. The Hitachi Group is continually making proposals for combining the engine and powertrain and environmental measures by means of technology centering on combustion, control, and simulation. Direct injection, in which the fuel is injected directly into the cylinder, is an internal combustion method that provides a powerful means of severely reducing CO 2 . Applying combustion analysis technology obtained from experience in the nuclear power and

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thermal power industries, the Hitachi Group has supplied combustion technology such as spray characteristics, ignition spark advance and air flow for a stratified charge and a homogeneous charge, as well as components. In the future, we will continue to promote cleaner exhaust gases by combination with the HCCI used in diesel engines and to propose even cleaner engines. Port injection, in which the fuel is supplied from the upstream of inlet valves, aims for optimization of exhaust, fuel consumption, and engine output in addition to superiority in system cost by applying fuel

atomization technology and technology for continuous variation of the opening and closing timing, phase and lift of the inlet and exhaust valves, etc. Concerning transmissions, we continue to propose a comprehensive improvement of mileage and enjoyable driving through improved transfer of torque to the road surface achieved by AT control and the Next-generation AMT, which incorporates proprietary technology. The mission of the Hitachi Group is to create new value and realize the dream of Human, Vehicle and Society.