Education system in feudal regime in Viet Nam Because of 1000 years under the cruel domination of Chinese, there

are no records which indicate that a formal education system in Viet Nam was established Before Christ or even under the Chinese conquers years from 207 BC to 939 AD. However, Chinese historical documents recorded many excellent Vietnamese scholars who graduated in China with a doctoral degree and worked for Chinese Royalty, such as Ly Cam, Ly Tien, Truong Trong etc Since Vietnam was occupied by China between 111 BCE and 939 CE, the Vietnamese education system was initially developed resembling the Chinese hierarchic Confucian examination system. This system mainly served for the recruitment of loyal civil servants, who were trained according to Confucian morals and ethics. The main educational content of the system was taken from the Chinese Five Classics and the Confucian Four Books. However, Mahayana Buddhism also had some important influence on the system. In 939 Emperor Ngo Quyen expelled the Chinese invaders and declared Vietnamese independence. But the first two dynasties Ngo and Dinh were not on thrown so long, and were busy with the national defense, the education was just in pagodas. Ly Cong Uan, the founder king of the Ly dynasty had been educated in a pagoda. To the Ly dynasty, the fundamental educational system was officially improved. King Ly Thanh Ton was credited for the Temple of Literatures at the ancient Capital of Thang Long to encourage people to appreciate the education. In 1075 the first exam was done by the order of King Ly Nhan Ton to select scholars for the office and the later year, 1076, Quoc Tu Giam, was the first university built in Viet Nams history. There were also many private schools taught by prominent professors such as Chu Van An, Le Quy Don, Nguyen Binh Khiem, Phung Khac Khoan, Vo Truong Toan The students would only study literature and ancient history of China, of Viet Nam for entirety of their schooling. Later on, the Public Administration curriculum was finally added to the program. When the Ho Royal family ruled the country, students were taught simple mathematics. Promotion of learning and respect for teachers are one of the traditional values of the Vietnamese people. In the old days, there was the perception among intellectuals in Vietnamese society that a teacher's position was higher than parents were and only lower than the king. Ordinary people understood that they should give their children opportunities to learn to know how to be human beings. In many communes and villages, rich people invited teachers to stay in their houses to teach their own children and those from other families. The selection of mandarins (civil administrators) during the historic dynasties required a candidate to have excellent learning achievements and have gained high marks in competitive exams in order to become a leader. The first such exam for civil administrators was conducted in 1075. For nearly one thousand years, Vietnamese people learnt Chinese characters and used them for writing, but pronounced them in a different, Vietnamese way. This development of learning and the preservation and strengthening of an awareness of national independence ensured that the Chinese did not assimilate the Vietnamese people. Besides the use of Chinese characters, the Vietnamese people adapted such characters to invent an ancient Vietnamese script for writing and expressions. Thanks to this, a number of valuable works of literature and history in ancient Vietnamese script have been kept for future generations.