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square” (Richard John Neuhaus). In this talk tonight, I want to use the
word “politics” in its widest sense – referring not just to government and
party politics, but to all the concerns, affairs, rights and obligations of
our lives in the public domain. I will touch on party politics as only an
aspect of that wider meaning.
On the other extreme is the position that Christians must change the
world and bring God’s Kingdom here on earth now; and politics is the
most effective means to achieve that. This position has given us
Constantine, Cromwell, Calvin and the Catholic liberation theologians.
The results have not been totally satisfactory. Other than the poor
testimony of failed political reforms and fallen politicians, the focus is
taken off the Gospel and our primary Commission (Mt 28:19-20) as
Christians.
The middle position, which I subscribe to, is I believe a balanced one that
avoids the ills of both extremes. It is the position that the Church’s
primary function is to spread the Gospel and through that to transform
hearts and minds and bring them the salvation of Christ. Nevertheless,
we are citizens of two worlds (Phil 3:20), with duties and rights in both
these worlds. Jesus called us to be IN, but not OF the world (Jn 17: 11,
16). We do not withdraw from it, but actively engage it where needed.
We are called to let our light so shine before the world that men may see
our good deeds and praise our Father in Heaven (Mt 5:16).
To quote John Stott (Issues Facing Christians Today, 4th ed, 2006, pp 87):
Evangelism is the major instrument of social change, for the gospel
changes people, and changed people can change society….
evangelism takes primacy over social action….
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BUT he says elsewhere in the same book (p 43),
All individual Christians should be politically active in the sense that, as
conscientious citizens, they will vote in elections, inform themselves
about contemporary issues, share in the public debate, and perhaps
write to a newspaper, lobby their Member of Parliament or take part in a
demonstration. Further, some individuals are called by God to give their
lives to political service, in either local or national government.
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II. What Does It Mean to be Salt and Light?
a. The functions of salt and light
For Jesus said in Mt 5: 13-14 and 16:
You are the salt of the earth. …You are the light of the world. A city on
a hill cannot be hidden….In the same way, let your light shine before
men, that they may see your good deeds and praise your Father in
Heaven. (emphasis mine)
Salt and light have many functions. Let me tell you just a couple of them.
Salt flavours food and retards its decay. Light dispels darkness. It shows
the way and warns about dangers ahead.
And how is he to be light? He must show up the dark and evil ways of the
world and dispel them. He must serve as a warning beacon, guiding
people away from the rocks of immorality and godlessness that will
destroy them. To do this, he must be in the midst of that darkness.
Salt does not need to be in great amounts to be effective. In fact too much
salt makes food bitter. Light does not need to be very big, bright or
brilliant to be effective. In fact, a tiny light on a hill can be seen far, far
away. Jesus calls us to be salt and light wherever He has put us – in
business or industry, in the office or the factory, in the professions or in
politics. Salt must come out of the salt-shaker to do its work. So the
Christian cannot just stay in church. Light must go as high as it can –
and God does call some Christians to shine in very high places. There is
no such thing as a low profile for a Christian – for a low-profile light is
just not doing its job.
Every sphere of human activity must have the light of God shining on it
and the salt of Christ salting it. If the activity is evil, immoral or illegal,
the light dispels it. The salt must season it with grace and love. If politics
is a sphere that all Christians stay away from because it is “dirty” – then
how can it ever become clean? And how can we leave such important
jobs, which affect the way we live and work, the way we worship and
serve God – entirely in the hands of those who do not love God, without
trying at least to salt it?
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b. Being political without doing politics
Brothers and sisters, we must let our light shine. Jesus calls us to do that
in Mt 5:16. The Apostle Peter says likewise in 1 Pet 2: 12:
Live such good lives among the pagans that, though they accuse you
of doing wrong, they may see your good deeds and glorify God on the
day he visits us. (emphasis mine).
Are you a parking warden, a police constable, an infantry private first
class? You are doing your part to keep law and order, to keep us safe
and secure, and your job is one way of preventing our society from
descending into chaos.
And if you do all these things and not realize it, let me tell you – you are
as involved in politics (without carrying a party card) as the guy who
works with a hammer logo or lightning logo. You are being political
without doing politics at all! One person is all you need for these!
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righteous than the next man. In this we are but imitators of Christ – who
sought to heal the sick, empower the disenfranchised and liberate the
ones oppressed and imprisoned (Mt 25: 34-36).
His mission was to preach the Good News, and He would not let them
force Him to become King (Jn 6:15). Yet He did not close His eyes to the
wickedness of the leadership. Sometimes He rebuked gently (Jn 8:7).
Many times, however, He condemned and He criticized severely. He
spoke against the Establishment of His time when they went the wrong
way; He was scathing in His criticism (Mt 23:15-33). He condemned the
hypocrisy of the leaders who led the nation astray (Mt 23:2-13). Why else
were they so threatened that they wanted to kill Him?
We are always to avoid the use of violence. Jesus eschewed violence most
of the time (eg Mt 26: 51-53). The exception was when He showed His
wrath against the priests and their cronies who had turned the Temple of
God into a place of extortion and crass commercialism (Mt 21: 12-13).
Even Paul and Peter in their opposition to the powers that be did not
resort to violence, but worked within the law and the legal system (Acts
16:37, 22:25, claiming rights as a Roman citizen; 25:11, appeal to
Caesar). Paul’s exhortations, “in your anger do not sin” (Eph 4:26) and
“Do not repay anyone evil for evil…. but overcome evil with good” (Rom
12:17, 21) remains as relevant today as it was in the first century AD.
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III. Submission, Not Subordination
a. The purpose of submission - let your light shine
No discussion of the Christian’s role in politics can ignore the Pauline
passage, Romans 13:1-7: Which tells us that we need to submit to the
governing authorities because they are established by God to do good (vv
1, 4), judge right and punish wrong (vv3-4). For these services they are
entitled to collect tax and revenue (ERP included), bear arms, receive
respect and honour (vv6-7).
The Apostle Peter says the same things, but gives another two reasons
for the submission and respect, in 1 Pet 2:12-17: When we do good, as in
being good citizens, we silence those who slander us before men and
before governments (v15). When we do good, men will be drawn to
glorify God (v12).
When Paul and Peter wrote these words, Roman Emperors were not
paragons of virtue. They were blood-thirsty tyrants, persecutors of
Christians, heading an evil and godless empire. They taxed the people
heavily to feed their sinful lives, finance their wars and to suppress their
colonies. There is no hint in these passages, however, that they were
undeserving of respect and taxes just because of that. We who are
Christians have no mandate to dishonour governments we do not agree
with, more so governments which do not even come close to Rome for
sheer wanton wickedness.
1. Do not curse our rulers, even in our thoughts - Ecc 10:20; Ex 22:28,
quoted by Paul in Acts 23:5.
2. Submit to them, honour them, respect them – which would mean no
slanderous unproved allegations against them either: Rom 13:1; 1 Pet
2: 13,17; Tit 3:1-2
Remind the people to be subject to rulers and authorities, to be
obedient, to be ready to do whatever is good, to slander no one, to be
peaceable and considerate, and to show true humility toward all men.
3. Pray for governments, MPs and ministers: 1 Tim 2:1-3
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I urge, then, first of all, that requests, prayers, intercession and
thanksgiving be made for everyone— for kings and all those in
authority,….
4. Pay your taxes (development charges, parking coupons, ERP): Mt
17:24-27; 22: 16-21; Rom 13: 6-7.
5. Do what is right, obey the laws, do not rebel – Rom 13:2-3; 1 Pet 2:14.
6. Accept the punishment when we do wrong: Rom 13:4; 1 Pet 2:14
c. A challenge to be involved
Now we come to the debatable part. There is no clear verse in the Bible
that says: “You must participate in party politics.” Nor, “A disciple of
Christ must seek to become a ruler whenever he can.”
I think it is obvious that there were no political parties in the days when
the Bible was being written. There is no way we can find direct
Scriptural guidance on involvement in party politics. On the other hand,
Jesus and His apostles did not seek to overturn the political structures of
the day. Firstly, Jesus knew His time was short. He could only
concentrate on His primary mission – spreading the Good News of God.
Similarly His apostles knew their times were short and their work
massive and urgent. They were called to be ministers of the Gospel, and
they would not be distracted by other demands on their energies.
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comforting message of the Gospel to transform the individual facing
injustice and oppression leads to the criticism that Karl Marx leveled at
the church – that religion is the opiate which the rulers use to make
sufferers forget their woes. An overdue focus on the Gospel without the
evidence of love as demonstrated by good deeds leads to cynicism against
the message of the Gospel. Faith must be evidenced by good works or it
will be seen as hypocritical and dead.
Perhaps God is calling some of you to take up this challenge. You can
participate in politics in so many ways - as party workers, as party
financiers, and not just as party candidates. There are ore than twenty
political parties in Singapore, and you can even form your own. J B
Jeyaretnam just did. Politics comes in more colours than white. Don’t
wait anymore. Are you waiting for the lightning to strike?
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let us not allow non-Christians to give that as a reason for rejecting
Christ too.
Ask what this phrase means – and different people will give you different
answers. This is my two cents’ worth.
God created all things, including governments and rulers (Col 1:16).
Hence, all rulers and governments are under God’s sovereignty. For
proper order in a fallen world, God has allowed church and civil
government but required them to be separate – each ruling over its own
sphere of authority. We should not allow any of the following situations,
where either side exceeds its boundaries:
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religious leaders – only as private citizens like every one else. This
does not prevent the pastor, however, from enumerating biblical
principles meant to guide his congregants on the issues at hand, even
if these may impinge on the political.
7. Religion abolishing the State – a supposed theocracy, as in Iran.
Through out history, whenever these boundaries have not been drawn
between the church and the state, six things happen (sometimes all at
once): tyranny; injustice; persecution; discrimination and bigotry;
nominal Christians and a Church that does not honour God.
Submission is given even when respect and honour are no longer due –
say because of incompetence, corruption, or individual immorality of the
leaders. A Christian can thus give honour and respect to the office of, say,
President even when the office-holder is a promiscuous philanderer
called Bill Clinton. But submission does not mean subordination.
The Christian cannot sit quietly by when the State usurps the authority
of God, or orders him to do things which God forbids (Dan 3:18), or
prevents Christians from following God and His commandments (Acts
4:18). At that time, he can object; he can refuse to obey; he can even
resist. In Acts 4: 18-20, when Peter and John were asked not to preach
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the Gospel, they answered: "Judge for yourselves whether it is right in
God's sight to obey you rather than God. For we cannot help speaking
about what we have seen and heard. (vv19-20)" In Acts 5:29, Peter and
the apostles were again reminded not to preach the Gospel. Their answer
was: “We must obey God rather than men!”
The early Christians willingly went to the lions because they refuse to
worship Caesar as divine. Persecuted Christians during the Cultural
Revolution of China willingly submitted themselves to humiliation and
torture, imprisonment and even death - rather than recant. Christian
martyrs through the centuries have willingly suffered and died rather
than disobey God. Christians have also willingly braved the wrath of
princes to shelter and protect the refugee, the weak and the sick.
Examples abound from the Second World War as Hitler’s troops
rampaged through Europe in his vain attempt to eradicate the Jews.
Corrie ten Boom was one such Christian who went the full length for
Christ.
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take another hour to debate, but let me state my advice for those who
participate in the politeia. If you want to be heard, you must:
If this works for the secular politician, all the more it should be the
strategy of the politician who lives by Biblical standards, and as witness I
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cite these passages which you can refer to in your own time – Jn 7:18,
Rom 12:3, 1 Cor 4:12-13, 2 Cor 13:1, Col 4:6, Tit 3:1-2, Rom 12:17-19,
Eph 4:25, Heb 13:17, 1 Pet 2:20, 23 (and many other verses already cited
above).
The rest is up to you. From this moment forth. Go – and seek the welfare
of your city, as the Lord commands in Jer 29:4-7:
This is what the LORD Almighty, the God of Israel, says to all those I
carried into exile from Jerusalem to Babylon: “… seek the peace and
prosperity of the city to which I have carried you into exile. Pray to the
LORD for it, because if it prospers, you too will prosper." (emphasis
mine)
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