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.0-\i'.-,.--
CENTRE
NUMBER
INDEX
NUMBER
ITIIJ
~ iiii PHYSICS
,c ~
'.,-
9646/02
OctoberlNovember 2010
1 hour 45 minutes
Cand idates answer on the Quest ion Paper.
No Add itional Materials are required.
2
3
6
7
Tot al
.,..'"
_.fAlI......,
DC (SMlSWj 20114/6
2
Data
speed of light in free space .
c = 3.00
l(
108 m 5 - 1
Po
=4l{ )( 10-7 H m- 1
Eo
=8.65 )( 10-
12
F m- 1
e = 1.60 x 10-111 C
h 6 .63 x1 0-" Js
u = 1.66
10-27 kg
m.
= 9.11 )( 10-3' kg
l(
N 6.02 x l o"mor'
k 1.38
964MIl !01NJ10
10-" J I"
3
Form ulae
uniformly accelerated motion,
p = pgh
t/J= _ Gm
x = x osinw t
E = 1 kT
= vocos tot
r--- . .,. .
=w ~X02- x2
2
1/R
=1/R
+ 1/R 2 + . . .
v =- Q4 7tCo'
alternating currenUvoltage ,
x = x osin (vi
T x exp( - 2kd)
whe re k =
! 8rr m(U - E)
2
~
h
radioactiv e decay ,
x = x oexp(-)'I )
decay constant,
). = 0.693
11
'2
@UCLES &
OE 2010
964610 10 /
10
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... ........ .............................. .... .................... ........... ......... ..... ...... ...... ............ ... .... .... ........ . [1]
(b) A car of mass 750kg is travelling "at 25 ms- 1 along a horizonta l road. The brakes are
app lied and the car is brought to res t by an average resistive force F. The car has an
average decelerat ion of 4 .8m s- 2
(I)
[1)
(il)
Calculate the distance travelled by the car dur ing this deceleration.
distance =
(iii)
m [2]
Describe, in terms of Newton's third law. the ho rizonta l forces ac ting on the tyres of
the ca r and on the road.
..............................................................................................................................[2]
(e) Th e car in (b) now travels at 25 m s- 1 down a slope where the angle to the horizontal
is 100 Th e ca r is brought to rest by applying the brakes. The same resis tive force of
3600 N acts on th e ca r.
(I)
Explain why the distance the car travels before coming to rest is greater than
in (b) .
[1 J
.........
(ii)
decel eration =
9646/021OiN110
m S- 2 [2}
5
2
A car headlamp, rated at 12 V and 24 W. is used with a constant 12 V supply for 1800 s.
(a) Calculate. for the lamp used in this way,
(i)
resistance =
(Ii)
energy
(iii)
Q (2)
ltl
number =
9646/02J'01N110
[2J
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6
(b) The 1-V characteristics of the lamp are investigated using the circuit shown in Fig. 2.1.
F"
Eu miner's
U..
12 V
h--{ A }----'
i
I
i
Fig. 2.1
The variable resistor can be adjusted to have resistance values between 0 and 10 0 .
Readings of potent ial difference (p.d.) Vacross the lamp and current 1 in the circuit are
taken. The results obtained are shown in Fig. 2.2.
2 .0
+t
.
IT
I.
1.5
~,
I1A
1.0
I~
:j:j:
!il++
. t
c!l.'
!
0 .5
'r
2
l'
10
12
VIV
Fig. 2.2
(i)
Explain how the resistance of the lamp can be obtained from Fig. 2.2.
.............................................................................................................................. [I J
9646/02.01N11Q
1,
7
(II)
On Fig. 2.3 sketch the variation in resistance of the lamp when the p.d . across it
is varied ove r the range of 2V to 1QV. (Nume rica l values for the resistance are not
expected.)
resistance I Q
10
12
VIV
Fig. 2.3
[2J
(iii)
Explain why. in the ci rcuit of Fig. 2.1. the p.d. ac ross the lamp ca nnot be varied from
o to 12V.
..................................................................................................................................
........... ... .... ......................................................... .......... ... ...... ................... ............. [2)
9646102/01N110
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diffraction,
.................................................-
......................................................... .........................................................................
(i1)
phase difference.
..................................................................................................................................
(III)
coherence.
.......................................- -
.
(3)
(b) Fig. 3.1 shows two microwave emitters M 1 and M2 . A microwave detector is moved along
the line AB.
B
'
<Q
microwave
emitters
M2
microwave
detector
A
Fig. 3.1
964&'02JOINI' 0
9
(I)
Explain how interference fringe s are formed along the line AB.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................[3J
(Ii)
Th e followin g cha nges are made independently. Describe. in each case. the effect
on the posi tion and intensity of the fringes.
1.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................[2J
2.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................[2J
96461'OZ01N110
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10
...........................................................................................................................................
... .. ... ....... ........ ..................... ... ... .. ... ...... .. ... ... .. .......... .. ... ... ... ......... ... ....... .... ... ... .. ........ .. . (1]
(b) A coil with 500 turns is placed in uniform mag netic field of flux dens ity 5.0 x 1O-2 T.
The area of the coil perpendicula r to the field is 2.5 x 10- 2 m2 , as shown in Fig. 4.1.
- ; )axiS of rotation
I
magnetic
field
area of coil
I
I
I
Fig. 4.1
Calculate the magnetic flux linkage of the coil. Give an app ropriate unit.
9646102JOINI1 0
[2]
'"
Examiller's
Use
11
(e)
The coil in (b) is rotated around the axi s shown in Fig. 4.1. Th e flux link age tP of the coil
varies with time t, as show n in Fig. 4.2.
H+f-j
I+I'f
1m:!
1++++
t-'-
f+'+t
It++
~
1- 0
If
m
loW
+l-H
0.5
tm
H
aa
5
ct
't2'~J=
lms
+
t++
I t++t 1++
Fig. 4.2
(I)
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1J
(II)
Calculate the average B.m.1. indu ced across the coi l when it rotat es through the first
quar ter of a revo lution .
e.rn.t, =
(iii)
V [2J
Explain how the maximum e.rn.t induced across the coil is determined from
Fig. 4.2.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1J
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12
5
<a) (I)
Explain the concept of absolute zero on the thermodynamic temperat ure scale.
F~
..................................................................................................................................
Examinllr's
U"
..............................................................................................................................ltl
(i1)
Stale how the temperature of an ideal gas is related to the energy of the molecules
of the gas.
........................................-
-.-.. -
..................................................................................................................................
.......... ................ ............ ................ ............................ ..................,
I
I
[I J
(b) An oven has a volume of 0.064 m 3 The pressure and temperature of the air in the oven are
1.0 x 10 5Pa and 27 C respectively. The mass of one mole of air is 0.030 kg. The air
behaves as an ideal gas.
(i)
mass =
(II)
kg [31
mass =
kg [2J
13
Th erm al co nduction is the tran sfer of thermal energy (heat) through a substance with no
overa ll movem ent of the substance.
(a)
Fig. 6.1 shows a solid metal rod of leng th about SOem that has one end mai ntained at a
temperature of 100 C using a bath of water.
.
- -- bath of wale r
a t 100C
- -- -
-.
-
metal rod
x
Fig. 6.1
The rod is in a draughHree room. The apparatus is left until the tempera ture at any
point al ong the rod doe s not chang e. Fig. 6.2 shows the variation of the temperature 0 of
the rod with distance x trom the bath of wate r.
100
-~
90
l!:it
(We
. t=!H+
t++
80
t'
70
-' 1. ..
-'
50
40
'
H-t+
++
r
30
10
15
20
25
30
x/e m
Fig . 6.2
Use Fig. 6.2 to determine the temperature of the rod at a distance x of 17.5cm.
temperature
C UCLES & MQE 2010
9646102.01N110
oC [1J
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14
(b) The rod in (8) is shortened and placed between two baths 01 water, as shown in
Fig. 6.3.
17.Scm
I"
"I
insulation
bath of water
a1100'C
-- +
x
metal rod
Fig. 6.3
The baths of water are maintained at temperatu res of 10Q oC and 45 cC . The length of
the rod between the baths of water is 17.5cm and the rod is surrounded by insulation.
The apparatus is left until the temperature at any point along the rod does not change.
Fig. 6.4 shows the variation of the temperature H of the rod with Ihe distance x from lhe
hotter bath of water.
I:
,.
..- !
+
I
,,
"
,.
40
..
.:
,.
, I
:
.
. I
30
5.0
10.0
1S.0
Fig. 6.4
O UCLES & MOE 20I O
9646/02.101N110
20.0
25.0
x/ em
15
(I)
The insula tion on the rod is perfect. State the relation betwee n the rate at which
thermal energy enters the rod at 100 C and the rate at which it leaves the rod
.4 5 ~
..............................................................................................................................(1)
(II)
Use Fig. 6.4 to determine the rate of change of temperature with distance along
the rod (the temperature gradient). Give your answer to an appropriate number of
significant figures.
temperature gradient =
(iii)
State why. for any value of x between O.Sc m and 17 em , the temperat ure . as shown
in Fig. 6.4, is higher than tha t shown in Fig. 6.2.
..............................................................................................................................[1J
(e) A student thinks that the temperature fJ of the insulated rod in (b) may be inversely
proportional to the distance x along the rod . Show, without drawing a graph, that this
proposal is not correct
(2)
9646102101W10
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16
(J of the non-insulated rod in (a) depend s
on the excess temperature of the rod above its surroundings,
Furthermore, the student thinks that the excess temperature reduces exponentially wIth
distance along the rod.
In orderto test th e proposal, the student measures room temperature and thencalculates
the excess temperature Be: and In(8E/ C) for different values of x. Fig. 6.5 shows some
dala for x, e, f!e and In(f!e' C) ,
room temperature = 20
"c
x/ em
ere
8e / oC
In (f!eI"C)
100
80
4.38
2.0
90
70
4.25
5.0
............
............
8.0
67
47
3.85
12.0
56
36
3.58
15.0
49
29
3.37
17.5
45
25
3.22
20.0
41
21
3.04
25.0
35
15
I
L
II
II
I
2.70
Fig. 6.5
(I)
[1 J
17
(ii)
4.5 8::: .l l :
I
'J.
--IIii
, I
. - . ,!
"
rt
"I;
"u
.,
"f
--
:I
,
,-
,,.
-- ,
.,
1++ I
. I
.,
. ~ .-
u.. :"1-;-:
"
I, .
_..
,,
I I
, !
... ~
"
., . ,
.,
I,
: I, ,
.,
-I
:!.-
- _ . j....!.
. I I
, "
iI!
lt::
II'
3.5
-- t
.'
.+
, ,; ,
. I +-
..
--
,, ,
.- II
.,
. I
.'
I ,,--
..
:.
. _-
,,I
H ..
. .,
,
I .
, I
,;I -
j ,I,. ." , -
I.,
- ,. " n
'
' : i I:; ; i
'. ,
3.0
. ..
"
.I ,
I,
.:!
.:" '
I
_..
..
,.
-.. l i ,I
.,'
H r,
: ! . ....
,:r:
. '.1:
:I
,I
r,
f-"'- .
2.5
,-
5.0
I ..
.........
i I I
. ~
.,.
:II
I ! ..
10.0
--
..
..
. ..
15.0
..
- .
.,
"
25.0
20 .0
x/em
Fig. 6.6
9646J02,Q/NI10
[Tu rn over
18
11J
x = 5.0 em.
1.
2.
where
80 and p
x-
are constants.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
............................................................................. ......................................... [3]
3.
80 and p .
o= ............ "c
II --
crrr"
[3J
(e) The material of the rod in (8) is a meta l. A similar rod made of wood replaces the metal
rod. under the same conditions.
On the axes of Fig. 6.2. sketch a graph to show a pos sible variation with distance
x of
(2)
19
A solar panel heats water by absorbing infra-red radiation from the Sun. It cons ists of an
array of pipes . through which water is passed. The array of pipes is conta ined in a flat box
with a glass front. as shown in Fig. 7.1.
interna l pipes
water in
I "_ - _ - _ - _ - _ -_ - _ -
glass fron t
-,
'-- - - - --.
, ...... -- -- - -- ----- -
..
__
_
_ J
... _
-: _
~ -:
:. __
-: --
water out
sola r panel
Fig. 7.1
De sign an experiment to determin e th e efficiency of a model sola r pa nel .
The follow ing equipment is available: a hig h intensity lamp, a variable power supply. an
intensity meter for Intra-red radia tion , a model solar panel with a glass front meas uring
10 cm by 10 cm and any othe r eq uip ment norm ally availa ble in a school lab oratory.
You should draw a labelled diag ram to show the arrange me nt of your apparatus. In your
account you should pay par ticular attention to
(a) the equipm ent you would use,
(c) how the power output of the solar panel would be measured,
(d) the co ntrol of variables ,
(e)
any precau tions that would be tak en to imp rove the accuracy of the experiment.
[12J '
Diag ram
964 6t02101N/10
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