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M IN ISTRY OF EDU CAT ION.

S INGA PO RE

in collaboration with
UNIV ERSITY O F C AM BR IDG E LOCAL EXA MI N AT IO N S SYN DIC AT E

Gen eral Certificate of Education Adva nced Level


Higher 2
CA NDI DATE
NAME

.0-\i'.-,.--

CENTRE
NUMBER

INDEX
NUMBER

ITIIJ

~ iiii PHYSICS

,c ~

'.,-

9646/02
OctoberlNovember 2010

Paper 2 Structured Question s

1 hour 45 minutes
Cand idates answer on the Quest ion Paper.
No Add itional Materials are required.

- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST


Wr ite your Centre number, index number and name on all the work you hand in.
Writ e in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagram s, graphs or roug h working.
Do not use staples. paper clip s. highli ghters , glue or correction lIuid.
Answer all questions .
At the end of the exam ination , fasten all your work sec ure ly together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ J at the end o f each question
or part questi on.

For Examiner's Use

2
3

6
7
Tot al

.,..'"

This document consists of 24 printed pages .

_.fAlI......,

~ '.;;" SIngapore ex amInations and Asa.ument Board

e UCl ES & MOE 2010

DC (SMlSWj 20114/6

~! UNIVERS ITY ofCAM BRIDGE

'i%jt International Examinat ions


(Turn ove r

2
Data
speed of light in free space .

c = 3.00

l(

108 m 5 - 1

permea bility of free space,

Po

=4l{ )( 10-7 H m- 1

permittivity of free space,

Eo

=8.65 )( 10-

12

F m- 1

(1/ (36. )) x 10-9 F m-'


elementary charge .

e = 1.60 x 10-111 C

the Planck constant,

h 6 .63 x1 0-" Js

unified atom ic mass constant,

u = 1.66

10-27 kg

rest mass of electron.

m.

rest mass of proton.

m" = 1.67 10 -27 kg

molar gas constant,

R 8.31J K-' mor'

the Avogadro constant.

= 9.11 )( 10-3' kg
l(

N 6.02 x l o"mor'

the Boltzmann con stant,

k 1.38

gra vitational constant,

G = 6.67 )( 10- 11 N m2 kg-2

acce leration of free fall.

g 9.81 ms' "

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964MIl !01NJ10

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3
Form ulae
uniformly accelerated motion,

wor k done on/by a gas ,


hydrostatic pressure,

p = pgh

grav itationa l poten tial,

t/J= _ Gm

displacement of particle in s.h.m.,

x = x osinw t

velocity of particle in s.h.m.,

mean kinetic energy of a molecule


of an ideal gas

E = 1 kT

= vocos tot
r--- . .,. .
=w ~X02- x2
2

res istors in series,


resistors in para llel,
electric potential,

1/R

=1/R

+ 1/R 2 + . . .

v =- Q4 7tCo'

alternating currenUvoltage ,

x = x osin (vi

tran smission coefficient,

T x exp( - 2kd)
whe re k =

! 8rr m(U - E)
2
~
h

radioactiv e decay ,

x = x oexp(-)'I )

decay constant,

). = 0.693
11
'2

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(a) State Newton's second law of motion.

... ........ .............................. .... .................... ........... ......... ..... ...... ...... ............ ... .... .... ........ . [1]
(b) A car of mass 750kg is travelling "at 25 ms- 1 along a horizonta l road. The brakes are
app lied and the car is brought to res t by an average resistive force F. The car has an
average decelerat ion of 4 .8m s- 2
(I)

Show that the resistive force acting on the car is 3600 N.

[1)

(il)

Calculate the distance travelled by the car dur ing this deceleration.

distance =

(iii)

m [2]

Describe, in terms of Newton's third law. the ho rizonta l forces ac ting on the tyres of
the ca r and on the road.

..............................................................................................................................[2]
(e) Th e car in (b) now travels at 25 m s- 1 down a slope where the angle to the horizontal
is 100 Th e ca r is brought to rest by applying the brakes. The same resis tive force of
3600 N acts on th e ca r.
(I)

Explain why the distance the car travels before coming to rest is greater than
in (b) .

[1 J

.........
(ii)

Ca lculate the deceleration of the car.

decel eration =

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m S- 2 [2}

5
2

A car headlamp, rated at 12 V and 24 W. is used with a constant 12 V supply for 1800 s.
(a) Calculate. for the lamp used in this way,
(i)

the resistance of the lamp,

resistance =
(Ii)

the energy transferred in the lamp,

energy

(iii)

Q (2)

ltl

the number of electrons passing through the lamp.

number =

o UCl ES & MOE 2010

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[2J

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6
(b) The 1-V characteristics of the lamp are investigated using the circuit shown in Fig. 2.1.

F"

Eu miner's

U..

12 V

~--1 r-- ~~~

h--{ A }----'
i

I
i

Fig. 2.1

The variable resistor can be adjusted to have resistance values between 0 and 10 0 .
Readings of potent ial difference (p.d.) Vacross the lamp and current 1 in the circuit are
taken. The results obtained are shown in Fig. 2.2.
2 .0

+t

.
IT

I.
1.5

~,

I1A
1.0

I~

:j:j:

!il++
. t

c!l.'
!

0 .5

'r
2

l'

10
12
VIV

Fig. 2.2
(i)

Explain how the resistance of the lamp can be obtained from Fig. 2.2.

.............................................................................................................................. [I J

C UClES & MOE 2010

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7
(II)

On Fig. 2.3 sketch the variation in resistance of the lamp when the p.d . across it
is varied ove r the range of 2V to 1QV. (Nume rica l values for the resistance are not
expected.)

resistance I Q

10

12
VIV

Fig. 2.3
[2J

(iii)

Explain why. in the ci rcuit of Fig. 2.1. the p.d. ac ross the lamp ca nnot be varied from

o to 12V.

..................................................................................................................................
........... ... .... ......................................................... .......... ... ...... ................... ............. [2)

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(a) state Ihe meaning of


(I)

diffraction,

.................................................-

......................................................... .........................................................................
(i1)

phase difference.

..................................................................................................................................

(III)

coherence.

.......................................- -

.
(3)

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows two microwave emitters M 1 and M2 . A microwave detector is moved along
the line AB.
B

'
<Q

microwave
emitters

M2

microwave
detector

A
Fig. 3.1

C UCl ES & MOE 2010

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(I)

Explain how interference fringe s are formed along the line AB.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................[3J

(Ii)

Th e followin g cha nges are made independently. Describe. in each case. the effect
on the posi tion and intensity of the fringes.
1.

The intensity of the microwaves em itted from both M, and M2 is increased.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................[2J
2.

The phase difference between the microwaves emitted from M, and M2 is


change d by 1t radians.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................[2J

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(a) Define magnetic flux.

...........................................................................................................................................
... .. ... ....... ........ ..................... ... ... .. ... ...... .. ... ... .. .......... .. ... ... ... ......... ... ....... .... ... ... .. ........ .. . (1]

(b) A coil with 500 turns is placed in uniform mag netic field of flux dens ity 5.0 x 1O-2 T.
The area of the coil perpendicula r to the field is 2.5 x 10- 2 m2 , as shown in Fig. 4.1.

- ; )axiS of rotation
I

magnetic
field

area of coil

I
I
I

coil with 500 turns

Fig. 4.1
Calculate the magnetic flux linkage of the coil. Give an app ropriate unit.

magnetic flux linkage =

O UCLES & MOE 2010

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[2]

'"

Examiller's
Use

11
(e)

The coil in (b) is rotated around the axi s shown in Fig. 4.1. Th e flux link age tP of the coil
varies with time t, as show n in Fig. 4.2.
H+f-j

I+I'f

1m:!

1++++
t-'-

f+'+t
It++
~

1- 0

If

m
loW

+l-H

0.5

tm
H

aa
5

ct

't2'~J=
lms

+
t++

I t++t 1++

Fig. 4.2
(I)

Explain w hy the flux linkage changes as the coil is rotated.

..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1J
(II)

Calculate the average B.m.1. indu ced across the coi l when it rotat es through the first
quar ter of a revo lution .

e.rn.t, =
(iii)

V [2J

Explain how the maximum e.rn.t induced across the coil is determined from
Fig. 4.2.

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1J

O UClE$ & MOE 2010

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12
5

<a) (I)

Explain the concept of absolute zero on the thermodynamic temperat ure scale.

F~

..................................................................................................................................

Examinllr's

U"

..............................................................................................................................ltl
(i1)

Stale how the temperature of an ideal gas is related to the energy of the molecules
of the gas.

........................................-

-.-.. -

..................................................................................................................................
.......... ................ ............ ................ ............................ ..................,

I
I

[I J

(b) An oven has a volume of 0.064 m 3 The pressure and temperature of the air in the oven are
1.0 x 10 5Pa and 27 C respectively. The mass of one mole of air is 0.030 kg. The air
behaves as an ideal gas.

(i)

Calculate the mass of air in the oven.

mass =
(II)

kg [31

The oven is heated to a temperature of 180 C. The oven door is opened.


Calculate the mass of air that must escape from the oven for the pressure in the
oven to return to 1.0 x 1OSPa.

mass =

kg [2J

O UCLES & MOE 2010

13

Th erm al co nduction is the tran sfer of thermal energy (heat) through a substance with no
overa ll movem ent of the substance.
(a)

Fig. 6.1 shows a solid metal rod of leng th about SOem that has one end mai ntained at a
temperature of 100 C using a bath of water.

.
- -- bath of wale r

a t 100C

- -- -

-.
-

metal rod

x
Fig. 6.1

The rod is in a draughHree room. The apparatus is left until the tempera ture at any
point al ong the rod doe s not chang e. Fig. 6.2 shows the variation of the temperature 0 of
the rod with distance x trom the bath of wate r.

100
-~

90

l!:it
(We

. t=!H+

t++

80

t'
70

-' 1. ..
-'

50

40

'

H-t+

++

r
30

" '- , H -' H

10

15

20

25

30
x/e m

Fig . 6.2
Use Fig. 6.2 to determine the temperature of the rod at a distance x of 17.5cm.
temperature
C UCLES & MQE 2010

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14
(b) The rod in (8) is shortened and placed between two baths 01 water, as shown in
Fig. 6.3.

17.Scm

I"

"I

insulation

bath of water
a1100'C

i-_ _ bath of water


at 4S' C

-- +
x

metal rod

Fig. 6.3
The baths of water are maintained at temperatu res of 10Q oC and 45 cC . The length of
the rod between the baths of water is 17.5cm and the rod is surrounded by insulation.
The apparatus is left until the temperature at any point along the rod does not change.
Fig. 6.4 shows the variation of the temperature H of the rod with Ihe distance x from lhe
hotter bath of water.

I:

,.
..- !

+
I

,,
"

,.
40

..
.:

,.

, I
:

.
. I

30

5.0

10.0

1S.0

Fig. 6.4
O UCLES & MOE 20I O

9646/02.101N110

20.0

25.0
x/ em

15
(I)

The insula tion on the rod is perfect. State the relation betwee n the rate at which
thermal energy enters the rod at 100 C and the rate at which it leaves the rod

.4 5 ~

..............................................................................................................................(1)
(II)

Use Fig. 6.4 to determine the rate of change of temperature with distance along
the rod (the temperature gradient). Give your answer to an appropriate number of
significant figures.

temperature gradient =

(iii)

"C crrr" (2]

State why. for any value of x between O.Sc m and 17 em , the temperat ure . as shown
in Fig. 6.4, is higher than tha t shown in Fig. 6.2.

..............................................................................................................................[1J
(e) A student thinks that the temperature fJ of the insulated rod in (b) may be inversely
proportional to the distance x along the rod . Show, without drawing a graph, that this
proposal is not correct

(2)

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(J of the non-insulated rod in (a) depend s
on the excess temperature of the rod above its surroundings,

(d ) A second student thinks that the tempe rature

Furthermore, the student thinks that the excess temperature reduces exponentially wIth
distance along the rod.
In orderto test th e proposal, the student measures room temperature and thencalculates
the excess temperature Be: and In(8E/ C) for different values of x. Fig. 6.5 shows some
dala for x, e, f!e and In(f!e' C) ,
room temperature = 20

"c

x/ em

ere

8e / oC

In (f!eI"C)

100

80

4.38

2.0

90

70

4.25

5.0

............

............

8.0

67

47

3.85

12.0

56

36

3.58

15.0

49

29

3.37

17.5

45

25

3.22

20.0

41

21

3.04

25.0

35

15

I
L

II

II
I

2.70

Fig. 6.5
(I)

Complete Fig. 6.5 for the distance x = 5.0 em.

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17

(ii)

Fig. 6.6 is a graph of som e of the data of Fig. 6.5.

4.5 8::: .l l :
I

'J.

--IIii

, I

. - . ,!

"

rt

"I;

"u

.,

"f

--

:I

,
,-

,,.

-- ,

.,
1++ I

. I
.,

. ~ .-

u.. :"1-;-:

"
I, .

_..

,,

I I

, !

... ~

"

., . ,

.,

I,

: I, ,

.,

-I

:!.-

- _ . j....!.
. I I

, "

iI!

lt::

II'
3.5

-- t

.'

.+

, ,; ,

. I +-

..

--

,, ,

.- II

.,

. I

.'

I ,,--

..
:.

. _-

,,I

H ..

. .,
,

I .

, I

,;I -

j ,I,. ." , -

I.,

- ,. " n
'

' : i I:; ; i

'. ,

3.0

. ..

"

.I ,

I,

.:!
.:" '
I

_..

..

,.

-.. l i ,I

.,'

H r,

: ! . ....
,:r:
. '.1:

:I

,I
r,

f-"'- .

2.5

,-

5.0

I ..

.........

i I I

. ~

.,.

:II

I ! ..

10.0

--

..

..

. ..
15.0

..

- .

.,
"
25.0

20 .0
x/em

Fig. 6.6

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18

11J

x = 5.0 em.

1.

Complete Fig. 6.6 using your data for the distance

2.

It is proposed that the excess temperature 8E changes with distance


acco rding to an expression of the form

where

80 and p

x-

are constants.

Explain why the graph 01Fig. 6.6 supports Ihis proposal.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
............................................................................. ......................................... [3]
3.

Use Fig. 6.6 to determine the constants

80 and p .

o= ............ "c
II --

crrr"
[3J

(e) The material of the rod in (8) is a meta l. A similar rod made of wood replaces the metal
rod. under the same conditions.
On the axes of Fig. 6.2. sketch a graph to show a pos sible variation with distance

the temperature 8 of this wooden rod.

O UClES & MOE 2010

x of
(2)

19

A solar panel heats water by absorbing infra-red radiation from the Sun. It cons ists of an
array of pipes . through which water is passed. The array of pipes is conta ined in a flat box
with a glass front. as shown in Fig. 7.1.
interna l pipes
water in
I "_ - _ - _ - _ - _ -_ - _ -

glass fron t

-,

'-- - - - --.
, ...... -- -- - -- ----- -

..

__
_
_ J
... _
-: _
~ -:
:. __
-: --

water out

sola r panel

Fig. 7.1
De sign an experiment to determin e th e efficiency of a model sola r pa nel .

The follow ing equipment is available: a hig h intensity lamp, a variable power supply. an
intensity meter for Intra-red radia tion , a model solar panel with a glass front meas uring
10 cm by 10 cm and any othe r eq uip ment norm ally availa ble in a school lab oratory.
You should draw a labelled diag ram to show the arrange me nt of your apparatus. In your
account you should pay par ticular attention to
(a) the equipm ent you would use,

(b) the procedure to be followed .

(c) how the power output of the solar panel would be measured,
(d) the co ntrol of variables ,
(e)

any precau tions that would be tak en to imp rove the accuracy of the experiment.

[12J '
Diag ram

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964 6t02101N/10

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