Television, radio, music and economy are not new words or things for us.

We need television and radios so that we can be informed and entertained. Music is important for pleasure and learning while economy helps us to get basic needs and non basic needs. But on the other side of the coin, televisions, radios, music and economy have a negative impact especially in the deterioration of morals to the youth as follows; TELEVISION According to Newman (1997), television refers to the media that transmit persuasive messages on the nature of reality. According to Kornblum (1991), television is a unique combination of sound and sight that achieves a deeper impact than the other media such as radios and newspapers. Stein (1988) defines television as among one of the agents of communication in a mass society and it belongs to electronic media. The most important agents of socialization are the family, the peer groups and the schools. One of the most influential agents of socialization is the mass media which includes television, newspapers, magazines, books, radio, film and other forms of communication that that reach large audiences with no personal contact between the individual sending information and those receiving it. Television acts as an agent of providing information by sighting and sounds, educating, entertaining and to develop the society. On the other hand television in Tanzania is used as an agent in deteriorating the values among youths as follows:
a) By watching television the youth can commit violent acts. Media (Television) has the

power to influence behavior, as opposed to the attitudes and opinions. The National Institute of Mental Health has reported that there is now an over-whelming scientific evidence that excessive violence on televisions leads directly to aggression and violent behaviors among teens.
b) Throughout the world, wherever there are demonstrations for social change, large number

of young people are likely to be on the forefront, with the news media nearby scrambling to cover the story. This was common in USA and China but now in Tanzania the youth believe that demonstrations are the best way of demanding their rights.

c) Television influences many youth in Tanzania. Youths depict characters that show risky behaviors such as smoking, drinking and also reinforcing gender role and facial stereo types. d) Research has indicated that most of the children spend more time watching television than they spend in school. By the age of eighteen (18) these children will have witnessed countless fictional acts of murder, rape, robbery and other forms of crime and violence.
e) Another long standing criticism of television is that it presents an image of society that

reflects white middle class value. The life experiences of many racial, religious and economic groups are often either ignored or portrayed in a negative light or positive side in our world. It can be a powerful educational tool. For example, Television brings far off places into our homes, makes the world events immediate and introduces us to subjects we might never experience on our own.
f) Another effect of television to the youth is that based on assumptions of what people see

strongly affects their attitudes and behaviors. For example, Postman (1983) claims that television is dangerous to our political and social health because it focuses on triviality and dulls our capacity to think critically. g) Many youth in Tanzania are engaged in sexual activities because of watching lots of sexual content on the television. Studies have shown that those who watch sexual content on television are likely to initiate intercourse or participate in other sexual activities than peers who dont watch sexually explicit shows. Apart from the impacts of television on the deterioration of Tanzanian values among the youth, the following are the remedies to the problems;
1) To be selective in watching television. This means that youth have to be selective in

watching television. There are some channels that show programs of misleading attitudes and behaviors that the youth may imitate. So the youth should opt not to watch these programs.
2) Youth must reduce the time of watching television. In Tanzania children use more than

four hours to watch televisions with different channels and programs. When and if time is reduced it will help the children to do other things like studying and helping with the chores at home.

3) Parents must block out some of the channels which tend to show adult content which is

not suitable for children. This will help the parent be sure that even if he is not there then his/her children wont watch adult programs.
4) The government should make laws and enforce them when it comes to televisions. Some

programs such as the dramas shown on ITV, TBC and Star TV have sexual content that should be edited so that even if the children watch they will not see them. The government has stated that no channel should show any program that has adult material during the day. This will help reduce the number of children who watch adult content.
5) Teachers in schools and parents at home should and must educate their children and

students about the negative effects of watching television and also engage children in different effects such as gardening, hiking or reading so as to take their mind of television. Therefore in changing the attitude and behaviors of youths each citizen has to be concerned so as to have and achieve satisfactory results. The youth of Tanzania are the future and it is up to the society to help them to overcome some unnecessary stuff like television. RADIOS According to Newman (1997), a radio is a media that transmits persuasive messages on the nature of reality. According to Sheiman et al (1978), a radio is an electronic device designed to receive demodulate and amplify radio signals from broadcasting stations. The radio is the most widely spread medium in the world and immediate talks to people in their own homes and feedbacks are obtained from listeners through messages. In Tanzania the presence of radio are highly participatory in the deterioration of values and morals to the population as follows;
a) In recent studies a radio is shown to lower grades in schools. Children and adolescents,

who spent a lot of time listening to the radio, often have lower grades to the extent that they pay little attention to values and morals.
b) The radio is portrayed to impart western ideologies into the minds of listeners and also to

alienate them from their values and morals. This phenomenon imparts false consciousness towards devaluation of the ideologies. So due to this, youth who listen to
3

different radio programs such as music that has abusive language believe it is okay and thus western culture is slowly adopted
c) On the other hand the radio is the source of global dominance of abusive language. The

language used is accepted as a normal language by the youth. For example, Clouds FM is non selective in the usage of language. These words used are acquired by youth and are used in normal conversations. Example Mbofongo to mean mbogo and mdafada to mean dada. d) The radio may announce National politics through public debates. These debates involve examining fundamental abstract concepts such as injustice and immorality towards human rights and irresponsibility of leaders towards officials that deal with them. In this case the youth are elicited a sense of immorality obligations and personal irresponsibility. The radio as well as breaking morals of a society can also make a society. The following are some measures that can be taken to help the Tanzanian youth as well as the society. Some of these measures include:
1) The radio should provide a platform to plead and propagate the society by ensuring that

the codes of ethics are followed during broadcasting. This means that youth should be protected and defended when they are exposed to possibilities of ridicule and hatred.
2) Also stimulation of moral imagination should be a course in any media in order to

promote the notion that, moral choices constitute an important part of human existence. The consequences of ethical decisions can lead to either happiness of the youth in Tanzania.
3) Furthermore the radios should develop analytical skills especially critical thinking about

ethical issues which may result into decision making process among youths. According to the Chairman of Media Owners Associations of Tanzania (MOAT), Mengi (2006),the media has an essential and leading role in exposing, preventing, combating and bringing to an end the worst forms of corruption and other evils in the society.This implies/means that recognizing ethical issues should be likely to determine what is right or wrong. According to Bishop Kilaini (2006),misuse of media to fuel conflicts. Another thing that cannot be ignored is that modern powerful media can build or destroys people.

Realistically, the radio as the media should train youths on the morals of the society and the radio stations should broadcast things that are morally good. MUSIC The word music is derived from the Greek word mousike which means the art of poetry and literature. According to the Online Encyclopedia Britannica, music is the art of arranging sounds in times so as to produce a continuous, unified and evocative composition, through melody, harmony, rhythm and timbre. According to The Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, music are sounds arranged in the way that is pleasant or exciting to listen to. According to the Wikipedia free Encyclopedia, music is an art form whose medium is sound. Common elements of music are pitch which governs melody and harmony, rhythm, dynamics and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture. Music has several qualities that lead to the deterioration of Tanzanian youth values. The following are examples that show the impact music has on Tanzanian youth and their morals;
a) Music exposes adolescents to negative issues such as drugs, sex and violence since most

of the Tanzanian youth imitate these acts for they are portrayed by the media as something normal, hence leading to the deterioration of culture and the moral values of youth.
b) Music affects the youths way of talking and dressing. Many Hip Hop and Bongo Flavor

music use abusive language, oversized clothes for men and tops and miniskirts. The Tanzanian youth imitate the language used and clothes worn. This leads to deterioration of culture and moral values because such language and clothes are not our culture.
c) Music has led to racism that affects other forms of culture. A majority of Tanzanians

have been affected by Western music making them see that their culture is out of date. This has affected the values of many youth since they use drugs, commit violent acts, engage in unprotected sex and also they lack respect for their parents.
d) Music dulls the capacity of the brain to think critically. This is because majorities of the

Tanzanian youth become addicted to entertainment hence this affects their moral behaviors, school performance and their socialization leading to violence and drug abuse.
5

The following is a song sung by chegge that illustrates how Bongo flavor is against our cultural social values and customs: Song: Artist: Record: Producer: Video: Director: Intro: Karibu Kiumeni Chegge featuring Ngwear Madugul Digital Dunga Visual Lab (Next Level) Adam Juma Usintete x4 Dance kicheche x4 Chorus: Nasema njoo(sister x2) nikutambulishe kiumeni Nasema njoo(nakwita kwita), nikutambulishe kwa wanaume Jamani njoo(Jamani njoo), nikutambulishe kwa wahuni Nasema njoo(sister x2) nikutambulishe kwa masela Verse I: Chegge Kama uwaja waweza kuja,mbona waogopa. Kama ukwanja wala usiogope Tax ntalipa njoo. Machizi wote wamekumisi,ooit! Karibu kiumeni uwe na siee, bado nakungoja, Kama unakuja basi njoo Nikupige pini mpaka mizuka ipande eiyee! Nikupige makiss mpaka watu wakonde eiyee! Wanakuja kula deo, Wanakuja kupiga deo Wanakuja na kamera Wanakuja kupiga deo Repeat chorus Bridge (Chegge): Jamani unavyotingisha (oooh la, la, la), Hii ngoma inavyochezeka (hey, yeye, ye) Verse II: (Ngwear): Hey! Shorty. Its your birthday (is that?), Nasi lazima twende beach cowboy aah, aah. Sio issue mamaa, leo unaweza ibuka ukachili tu kitaa, Na shemejizo kwa pembeni TMK
6

Njoo uone vile tunavyohustle everyday, Njoo kitaa ni bwax na majani Hapa kila mmoja pembeni yupo na mamii(kwelii), And am the only one who is lonely. Kama vipi, please njoo home haa,haaa, Yaani full kukumiss, Njoo nikubambe nikukiss mwaa!! Repeat Chorus Bridge (Chegge): Utanikuta kiumeni, Utanikuta kwa wanaume x4 Kama uwaja waweza kuja,mbona waogopa. Kama ukwanja wala usiogope Tax ntalipa Njoo!! Nikupige pini mpaka mizuka ipande oiyee ee ee! Nikupige makiss mpaka watu wakonde eiyee ee ee! Repeat Chorus End If we start to analyze the song we can see how the artist is destroying our culture with his song. The following is an analysis of the song and how it leads to deterioration of Tanzanian morals and values among the youth.
i.

In the introduction the artist has used abusive language such as dance kicheche which means dance like a whore. The song goes against all the Tanzanian values thus leading to the deterioration of the morals and values of youth.

ii.

Sexual harassment can be seen in this song whereby chegge has no true love for the girl because he only wants to fulfill his sexual desire. This can be heard in verse two were he says: Njoo!! Nikupige pini mpaka mizuka ipande. This statement can deteriorate Tanzanian culture because the male youth will see women as objects to satisfy their sexual desire and nothing more.

iii.

The artist has not only promoted the use of alcohol and drug but in his song he makes it seem as if it something normal. This can be seen when he says Njoo kitaa ni bwax na majani. This means there is excessive drinking of alcohol and smoking marijuana. This will lead to deterioration of morals because after listening to this song the youth may engage in violent acts, rape, unprotected sex and alcoholism in the society.

So as Plato said, if you want to measure the spiritual depth of society make sure to mark its music. The music video and audio censorship body under the government or private sector
7

should assess the music and see if it is acceptable according to Tanzanian values and morals before it is exposed to the public. This process of censoring and banning bad music videos and songs will help the Government to reduce and even avoid the deterioration of Tanzanian youth values.

ECONOMICS According to Todaro (1992), economics is a social science concerned with man and the social system by which he organizes his activities to satisfy basic materials (food, clothes and shelter) and non material wants(education, knowledge, leisure and spiritual fulfillment) Economists focus on the way in which individuals, groups, businesses, enterprises and government seek to achieve efficiently any objectives they select. Objectives such as economic and social equality, elimination of poverty, rising level of living and modernization of personal fulfillment drives from subjunctive value judgment about what is good and desirable and what is not. Some of the impacts of economy that lead to the deterioration of values are as follows:
a) Poor parental care due to the fact that parents spend much time searching for money so

that they can be able to put food on their childrens table. Thus, as result, children are not taught by their parent, which leads to an immoral society. Bad enough parents leave their children with home servants were many of them are either children like them or they do not teach children good values because they (house servants) do not know such values. b) The desire for shortcut success. Economic hardship has contributed to most of the youth in immoral activities to earn an income. Immoral activities include robbery, stealing, corruption and killing. Such activities shows and proves that many people are after quick achievement and the youth are the victims of this
c) Economy has brought about many things that people want such as televisions, mobile

phones, computers and internet. These things have brought about not only entertainment but it has also led to the deterioration of morals. Moral deterioration is easy to occur because the youth have easy access to things such as pornographic movies. To this date such movies are seen as a normal occurrence and some youth even engage themselves in making pornographic movies.
8

d) Development of economy on the world has made the world a single village

(Globalization). This has led to the quick spread of different world cultures to different parts of the world where we see the youth of different countries imitate the culture, style of dress and language of other countries.
e) In a final analysis, we can say that economy is bad for values because almost everything

in this world has a negative and positive impact. For instance, a wealthy family can have everything at home and thus the media they have can make them morally bad or morally good.
f) Also a poor family that faces economic hardships may engage in bad practices such .as

stealing or prostitution so as to make a living. So, the question is what is the solution to this problem? The answer is that we do not have to be poor and we dont have to be rich. What is needed is for us to be careful in using our savings and whatever amount we have whether little or large we should use it carefully and wisely. CONCLUSION In summary the television, radio and music should be utilized effectively in order to impart knowledge and skills, but if they are not used appropriately they can lead to moral decay to the youth. Likewise in economy, people with low per capita income should not engage in unethical activities.

REFERENCES Bilton, J.et al. (2002). Introduction to sociology. (7th ed.).Great Britain: Palgavare Macmillan. Kornblum, W. (1991).Sociology in changing world. (2nd ed.).USA: University of New York Press.

Kendali, A. (2001). Sociology in our times. (3rd ed).New York: Thomson Learning Inc. Newman, M.D (1997).Sociology: Exploraring the architecture of every day life. (2nd ed).New York: Pinc Forge Press. Newsletter of the Media Council of Tanzania. (September, 2006).Media Watch: Promoting freedom of the media and ensuring the highest professional standard and accountability. Tanzania: Media Council of Tanzania . Stein.M.H. (1988).Sociology (3rd ed.).New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. Chomvu, A. (2009 September). Bongo flavor music .Ijumaa, pp 8, 9.

10

11