N 252

PDVSA
MANUAL DE INGENIERIA DE DISEO

VOLUMEN 4I ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION
PDVSA N
TITULO
N252
GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN
0
REV.
JUL.96
FECHA
APROBADO
DESCRIPCION FECHA JUL.96
33
L.T.
E.J.
A.N.
PAG. REV. APROB. Alejandro Newski
APROB. APROB. FECHA JUL.96
APROB. Eliecer Jimnez
E1994
ESPECIALISTAS
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION
PDVSA N252 REVISION FECHA
PDVSA
.Men Principal
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

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Index
1 GENERAL DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . .
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Codes and Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Safety , Reliability and Energy Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System Voltages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Variations In Supply Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System Power Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supply Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Short Circuit Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electrical Protection And Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electricity Supply Facilities for Process Control and Safeguarding Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
2 2 4 7
2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
8 8 8 9 9 10 10 14 15
3 DESIGN AND SELECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EQUIPMENT, CABLES AND INSTALLATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 Switchgear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electric Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cables And Wires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power and Convenience Outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metering Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Substations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mandatory Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
16 19 21 23 25 25 26 26 27
4 SUBSTATION FIRE PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
28 28
5 POWER SUPPLY UNITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ECONOMICAL EVALUATION OF LOSSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 DOCUMENTS AND DRAWINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30 30 30
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GENERAL DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES

1.1 Scope
This general specification covers the minimum technical requirements for electrical engineering design, electrical area classification, grounding and lighting systems for oil and petrochemical plants owned by PDVSA.
1.2
Definitions
Shall. Is to be understood as mandatory Owner. Party which initiates the project and ultimately pays for its design and construction. Contractor. Party which carries all or part of the design, engineering, procurement, construction and commissioning for the project. Low Voltage. Less than 1 000 V (Defined by ANSI C 84.1). Medium Voltage. 1 000 V and less than 100 000 V High Voltage. Equal to or greater than 100 000 V. Vital Service. A service, which, when failing, can cause an unsafe condition of the process and/or electrical installation, jeopardize life, or cause major damage to the installation. Essential Service. A service, which, when failing, will affect the continuity, the quality or the quantity of the product. Certificate Document issue by a recognised authority certifying that it has examined a certain type of apparatus and, if necessary, has tested it and concluded that the apparatus complies with the relevant standard for such apparatus.
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Hazardous Area An area which an explosive atmosphere is or may be expected to be present in quantities such as to require special precautions for the construction, installation and use of electrical apparatus Standby Capacity. Capacity provided for the purpose of replacing that capacity which may be withdrawn from service under planned or unplanned circumstances. Firm Capacity. The installed capacity less the standby capacity. Spare Capacity. Difference between firm capacity and the maximum calculated (peak) load. Station or Substation. An assembly of equipment at one place, including any necessary housing, for the conversion or transformation of electrical energy and for connection between two or more circuits. Indoor Substation. A station which consists of indoor equipment within a field constructed building. Outdoor Substation. The equipment is protected by a weather proof enclosure (standard outdoor construction). Main Substation. A station for connection between a power or distribution system of a process unit and an outside electrical supply system. Power Plant Substation. A station to which generators and outgoing feeders are connected. Tropicalized Preparation of equipment or apparatus to avoid the effects due to the tropical weather. Distribution Substation. A station mainly used for feeding several plant stations. Plant Substation. A station mainly used for feeding one process installation.
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Secondary Selective Substation. Station having two busses, each supplied by a normally closed incoming line circuit and connected together by a normally open bustie circuit breaker. Spot Network Substation. A station supplied from two or more sources which normally divide the substation load in paralleled operation.
1.3
Codes and Standards

The design and engineering of the electrical installation shall basically comply with the Venezuelan Codes. Where international standards or codes of practice are referred to here in, it is the Contractors responsibility to ensure that Venezuelan Statutory requirements are met if these are more stringent than the references provided. In the event of contradictions, the requirements of this specification shall prevail. The codes and specifications listed below, in effect as of the latest edition, shall constitute minimum requirements:
1.3.1
PDVSA Petrleos de Venezuela, S.A. GE211 HA201 JA221 LSTE017 LSTE018 LSTE019 LSTE020 N201 N241 N301 N302 N242 Q211PT Q231 SD251 IRE01 Electric Standby Generator SetEngine Driven Cathodic Protection Diseo Antissmico de Instalaciones Industriales Mechanical Coordination Electrical Design Drawings Procedures for Checking Electrical Design Drawings Electrical Estimating Procedure Electrical Work Installation of wires and Cables in Conduit and Cable Tray System Low Voltage Electrical Motors High Voltage Electrical Motors Electrical Work Installation and Testing Field Inspection for Transformers Reception Electrical Wire and Cable Testing Site Data Hazard Area Classification
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IRM01 90619.1.050 to .064 1.3.2 200 548 559
Separacin entre Equipos e Instalaciones Engineering Design Guide Electrical
COVENIN Comit Venezolano de Normas Industriales Venezuelan Cdigo Elctrico Nacional (similar to NEC / ANSI / NFPA 70) Recomendaciones para clasificar las reas destinadas a instalaciones elctricas en refineras de petrleo Recomendaciones para clasificar las reas destinadas a instalaciones en los sistemas de tuberas para transportar petrleo y gas. Recomendaciones para clasificar las reas destinadas a instalaciones elctricas en instalaciones de produccin petrolera Cdigo Nacional de Seguridad de Instalaciones de Suministro de Energa Elctrica y de Comunicaciones, (Based on the National Electrical Safety Code ANSI C2). Iluminaciones en Tareas y Areas de Trabajo
603 734
2249 1.3.3
American Standards: ANSI American National Standards Institute C2 C37.2 C37.010 C.37.20.1 C.37.20.2 C57.12.00 C57.12.10 National Electrical Safety Code Standard Electrical Power System Device Function Numbers Application Guide for AC High Voltage Cicuit Breakers Rated on an Symmetrical Current Basis. Standard for Metal Enclosed Low Voltage Power Circuit Breaker Switchgear. Standard for Metal Clad and Station Type Cubicle Switchgear Standard General Requirements for Liquid Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers. Transformers 230 kV and Below 833/958 through 8333/10417 kVA, SinglePhase, and 750/862 through 60000/80000/100000 kVA, threephase without Load tap Changing; and 3750/4687 through 60000/80000/100000 kVA, with Load tap Changing Safety Requirements Electric Power Systems and Equipment Voltage Ratings (60 Hertz) Graphic Symbols for Electrical Wiring and Layout Diagrams National Electrical Code (National Fire Codes, vol.3) Guide for Substation Fire Protection.
C 84.1 Y32.9 70 979
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NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association MG1 Motors and Generators; Revision No.1 December 1993, Revision No.2 April 1995
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 519 Std. 841 Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems Standard for Petroleum and Chemical Industry Severe Duty Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled (TEFC) Squirrel Cage Induction Motors Up to and including 500 HP
ICEA Insulated Cable Engineers Association P32382 P45482 ShortCircuit Characteristics of Insulated Cable ShortCircuit Performance of Metallic Shielding & Sheaths
API American Petroleum Institute RP 500 Standard 541 Recommended Practice for Classification of Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities Form Wound Squirrel Cage Induction Motors 250 Horse Power and Larger
NFPA National Fire Protection Association 70 National Electrical Code (National Fire Codes, vol.3)
AEIC Associations of Edison Illuminating Commission CS5 1.3.4 Specifications for Cross Linked Polyethylene Insulated Shielded Power Cables Rated s Through 46 kV
International Standard IEC International Electrotechnical Commission 76 158 255 529 549 617 947 Power Tansformers Low Voltage Controlgear Single Input Energizing Quantity Measuring Relays with Dependent Specified Time Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP Codes) High Voltage Fuses for the External Protection of Shunt Power Capacitors Graphics Symbols for Diagrams Low Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear
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1.3.5
The Electrical equipment and material shall be designed, manufactured and tested by the governing standards and regulations of the country of manufacture. In general, the recommendations of IEC shall govern for equipment manufactured outside of the USA, while ANSI and NEMA shall govern for equipment manufactured in the USA. Where requirements contained in this specification are higher than those in the codes or standards referred to above, this specification shall prevail. Electrical graphical symbols shall be per IEC617, or ANSI Y32. Identification by device code letters and by device code numbers shall be per ANSI C37.2. The SI unit system shall be used throughout the design. For motors, kW and equivalent HP shall be indicated. The equipment and electrical installation shall be tropicalized and suitable for the environment influences and climatic conditions as specified: Altitude Humidity Ambient air temperature Atmosphere Sismic conditions: in accordance with PDVSA .JA221 .
1.3.6 1.3.7 1.3.8 1.3.9
1.4
1.4.1
Safety, Reliability and Energy Conservation

The electrical installation shall be designed and guaranteed to ensure personal and operational safety during all operating conditions, inspections and maintenance, including those associated with startup and shutdown of plant and equipment. Energy conservation shall be pursued throughout the design. Periodic energy audits shall be carried out to assure optimum results. The electrical design shall permit periods of continuous operation of at least 4 years. The insulating and dielectric materials used in all electrical equipment shall be nontoxic and shall not contain compounds that are persistent and hazardous environmental contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Standardization of material and equipment shall be aimed. Equipment incorporating similar or identical components and of similar or identical construction, shall be of the same manufacturer.
1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4
1.4.5
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1.4.6
Area classification drawings and electrical equipment selection shall conform to PDVSAMIR Vol. 2 (IRE01), and NEC. The former is based on, API RP 500 and COVENIN 548, 559 and 603. A table shall be included in the area classification drawing, showing the relevant physical properties of substances handled in every classified area, such as: flash point, ignition temperature, flammable limits in percent by volume, relative vapor density, operating pressure, flow and volumen handled Fire detection and alarm shall conform to PDVSA Risk Engineering Manual and NFPA. The minimum distance between equipment and installations shall be per PDVSA IRM01 Separacin entre Equipos e Instalaciones. Approved equipment, which is required for classified locations, shall be labeled, listed or certified by a national recognized testing organization such as the Underwriter Laboratory (USA), the Department of Trade and Industry (Great Britain), or PTB (Germany). Where such equipment is not available, its design shall conform to the standard of a nationally recognized testing organization. Control rooms and switch houses shall be situated in nonhazardous areas. In general, electrical equipment shall, as far as possible, be located in non hazardous areas. For all major equipment, the purchaser shall obtain, at least, the manufacturers test report in accordance with PDVSA specifications, e.g. for generators, motors, HV, MV and LV switchgears, transformers, batteries and inverter units.
1.4.7
1.4.8
1.4.9
1.4.10
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DESIGN

2.1
2.1.1 2.1.2
Basic Information
Single line diagrams and data, as indicated in PDVSA N201, Section 3.3, shall be prepared for approval by owners engineer. A schedule of the installed electrical loads, the maximum normal running plant load and the peak, expressed in kW and kVA, shall be prepared using document Engineering Design Guide PDVSA 90619.1.050.
2.2
2.2.1
System Voltages
Voltage ratings shall conform to ANSI C84.1, range A. The electrical equipment shall be designed for 3phase, 60 Hz operation at the voltages mentioned in Appendix A. (See PDVSA N201 , Chap. 5.1).
2.3
2.3.1
Variations In Supply Voltage

Terminal voltage and voltage drop shall be as indicated in PDVSA N201. Sections 3.5.28 up to 3.5.35.
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2.3.2
Voltage sags of short duration causing the dropout of contactors and other sensitive loads, usually affect the process continuity. A comprehensive study shall be carried out to provide appropriate methods to eliminate these events, such as: automatic reacceleration and/or restarting of motors, contactors fed from the UPS, or any other measure to desensitize the critical loads. Deviations and variations in plant voltages from the rated equipment voltage, shall be as follows: Steady state conditions: + 5%. Starting or reacceleration of a motor or group motor starting/reacceleration: +10%, 20%. Voltage drop to 80% shall not affect plant operations. Voltage drop below 80% for a duration of not more than 0.2 seconds shall, on a voltage restoration, result in the instantaneous reenergization of vital and essential services. Voltage drop below 80% for a duration of 0.2 and 4 seconds shall, on a voltage restoration, result in a sequential reenergization of selected loads. Harmonic voltagecurrent distortion shall be as per IEEE519 (Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems). The proposed limits are as follows: Harmonic voltage distortion in %
< 69 kV Maximum for Individual harmonic Total harmonic 3.0 5.0 1.5 2.5 1.0 1.5 69 138 kV > 138 kV
2.3.3
2.3.4
Equipment having special requirements with respect to variations in voltage level and/or wave form shall be provided with a power supply that is adequately stabilized.
2.4
System Power Factor

The overall system power factor shall not be less than 0.9 lagging at rated design throughout the process unit. The power factor at the main station (interconnection to power utility) shall be not less than 0.95, averaged over 15 minutes.
2.5
2.5.1
Supply Capacity
The firm capacity of the electricity supply and distribution system shall be capable of supplying continuously 120% of the peak load, assessed according to the applicable load data without exceeding specified voltage limits and equipment ratings.
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2.5.2
In general, plant substations will be of the doubleended type, operating with normally open tie breakers. Transformers, shall be rated self cooled (OA) 65 C/Fan Cooled (FA) 65 oC. Each transformer shall be sized such that its 65 C self cooled rating be equal to 120% of the maximum demand of the served load. Transformer rating shall be selected such that the starting of the largest motor will not cause the motor terminal voltage to drop below 80 percent of the normal operating level. Electrical power supply during construction, commissioning and startup shall comply with all the applicable rules of ANSI/NFPA 70 and ANSI C2.
2.5.3
2.5.4
2.6
2.6.1 2.6.2
Short Circuit Ratings

All equipment shall be capable of withstanding the effects of short circuit current passing through the system in the event of circuit faults. The short circuit ratings of medium voltage (MV) equipment and cables, exception for secondary selective substation, shall be based on the parallel operation of all available supplies. Ratings of equipment are indicated in Engineering Design Guide PDVSA 90619.1.053. The short circuit rating of low voltage switchgears shall be as stated in Engineering Design Guide PDVSA 90619.1.053. For MV and LV secondary selective substation, the short circuit ratings shall be calculated with one incoming line breaker open and the bus tie breaker closed. Short circuit calculations shall conform ANSI/IEEE C37.010 (Application Guide for AC HighVoltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis).
2.6.3
2.6.4
2.7
2.7.1
Electrical Protection And Control

General The electrical system components shall be coordinated in regards to short circuit capability, protective relaying, insulation levels, transient stability, interchangeability, durability and reliability. Phase and ground overcurrent protection shall be provided in all MV and LV incoming and outgoing circuits. An exception to this requirement are those LV branch circuits in which phase overcurrent protection coordinates with upstream ground fault protective devices, such as small motors and generalpurpose circuits. Protective relay settings shall be based on a study of the fault conditions for which the protective system has been incorporated. Protective relay system shall be selective and the settings shall be coordinated such that backup protection is provided to initiate fault clearance in the event of protective system and / or switching device failure. a.
b.
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c. d. e.
A protection drawing shall be prepared as indicated in PDVSA N201, paragraph 3.3.1. Trip circuit supervision will be applied to all high and medium voltage circuit breakers and arranged to provide an alarm on trip circuit interruption. Protective relays shall have two N.O. contacts. One contact shall be wired directly to the trip coil circuit. The second contact shall be wired to a lockout relay (86). One 86 N.C. contact shall be connected in series with the closing coil (permissive); one 86 N.O. contact shall be used to repeat the tripping signal to the circuit breaker or contactor. Frequency relay (81) and undervoltage relay (27) shall not be wired to the lockout relay (86).
2.7.2
Generator Protection Protection shall be arranged to isolate generator or generator and unit transformer (if provided) from the power system. If generator is connected to the system via an unit transformer, the generator shall be provided with high impedance grounding equipment and relevant alarms.
a.
Protective Devices Short circuit protection, differential protection, voltage controlled overcurrent protection, restricted ground fault protection, overexcitation protection, reverse power protection, loss of excitation protection, negative phase sequence protection, overvoltage protection, underfrequency protection, delayed ground fault protection, loss of lubrication, over temperature, vibration protection and turbine trips.
b.
Alarm equipment Rotor ground fault, stator temperature (by embedded thermocouples), bearing temperature, vibration, temperature and humidity of cooling air, synchronizing failure, automatic voltage regulator, and alarms for protection equipment indicated in 2.7.2. a
2.7.3 a. b.
Switchgear Protection The 115/69 34.5 kV main substation, shall be protected by buszone differential protection, at both voltage levels as agreed with the owner. Unrestricted short circuit current and ground fault protective devices shall be applied at the remote end of the switchboard incoming circuit feeders which shall also serve as protection of switchboard bus bars in the event of bus bar faults and as backup to switchboard outgoing circuit protection. Short time current carrying capability shall be three (3) seconds for HV and MV switchboards, and one (1) second for LV switchboards.
c.
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2.7.4 a.
Power Transformer Protection Power transformers (Dy) shall be controlled and protected on the primary side by circuit breakers in conjunction with phase shortcircuit and ground fault protective relays. Phase shortcircuit protection shall be by means of twostage overcurrent relays. Stage 1 being time delayed and set to detect secondary circuit faults. Stage 2 being instantaneous (High Set elements) in operation and set to detect primary circuit faults only. Primary circuit ground fault protection shall be by a residual current relay, set to achieve minimum fault clearance time. Power transformers with 480 V on secondary winding shall be provided with extremely inverse definite minimum time relay in accordance with IEC 2554 Type C. Power transformers, rated 10 MVA and above, shall further (2.7.4.1), be provided with biased differential protection (87T). The transformer primary and secondary cables shall be included within the protected zone. All transformers 34.5 kV and above shall also be provided with differential protection. The secondary circuits of all distribution and generator unit transformers shall have separate ground fault protection by means of an overcurrent relay (51G) which shall be energized by a current transformer placed in the neutralground connection of the power transformer secondary winding. Sealed transformers shall be provided with an automatic resetting pressure relief device. Sealed transformer of 500 kVA and above, shall be provided with a sudden pressure relay device, (fault pressure relay) and Buchholz relay (63) for conservator type transformer. Transformers shall be provided with a hot oil temperature indicator and combined alarm and trip relays of approved design. Power transformers having HV or MV on the windings shall be provided with winding hot spot temperature and magnetic oil level with alarm and trip relays. Transformer protection trips (26, 49, 63, 87T, 50, 51G) shall be wired to a lockout relay 86T and shall have their individual alarms. Capacitor Protection HV capacitor banks shall comprise individually fused capacitor units. The fuses shall comply with IEC 549 and shall be esily accessible for inspection and replacement. For large capacitor banks exceeding 1000 kVAr the capacitors shall be conected in double star with unbalance protection monitoring the star point voltages, or with differential current protection across the two halves of the capacitor bank. Capacitor failure shall trip the bank and provide an alarm indication. If recommended by the Manufacturer, overpressure switches should be fitted to HV capacitor units and connected to trip the capacitor bank.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f. g. h. 2.7.5
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Individual capacitors shall be controlled by contactors, circuit breakers or for LV applications by fused switch units. The switching devices shall be approved for this duty by the switchgear manufacturer. They shall be rated for at least 1.5 x In, and must be able to withstand transient inrush currents up to 100 x In Contactor or switch controlled capacitor banks shall be protected by means of fuses. In the case of cicuit breaker control, phase fault and earth fault protection relays shall be provided. In those cases where a capacitor is connected in parallel with an electric motor, a single switching device and associated relays and/or fuses that control and protect both the motor and the capacitor shall be provided. 2.7.6 a. b. Asynchronous Cage Induction Motor Protection Induction motors shall be switched direct on line. Other methods shall be approved by the owner. Medium voltage motors shall be controlled by fused vacuum contactors of the latched mechanism type. Motors above 1.5 MW (2 000 hp) at 4 000 V, shall be controlled by circuit breakers with surge suppressors. Other methods shall be approved by the owner. Medium voltage motors shall be protected as follows: Undervoltage protection: One instantaneous undervoltage relay in each bus (range about 70/100% of nominal voltage). Each starter shall be provided to operate in conjunction with the undervoltage relay with and adjustable time relay (range of 0.1 to 5 s) or inverse time undervoltage relay for each motor. Short circuit protection: Motors controlled by contactors shall be protected by current limiting fuses with antisingle phasing features. Motors controlled by circuit breakers shall be protected by overcurrent relays (High Set). Instantaneous ground fault protection (suitable for resistance grounded system) Thermal overload protection Unbalanced loading Bearing temperature detection Locked rotor protection Stator temperature detection for motors above 1 500 kW (2 000 hp) Differential protection for motor over 1 500 kW (2 000 hp). MV motors shall be protected by a multipurpose motor protection relay with all the above functions included, using microcomputer technology.
c.
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d.
Low voltage motors (460 V) shall be protected as follows: Short circuit protection by molded case circuit breakers (MCP type). Thermal overload protection with antisingle phasing protection. Core balance ground leakage protection for motors above 30 kW (40 hp), and for smaller motors whose phase shortcircuit protection doesnt coordinate with upstream ground fault protective devices. Ground faults shall be cleared by the motor circuit breakers through builtin shunt trip devices. Electronic Restart Module for essential motors.
2.7.7 a.
Cable Feeder Protection MV cable feeders for distribution (not transformer feeders) shall be controlled and protected by circuit breakers in conjunction with phase overcurrent (50/51) and ground fault (50N/51N)) protective relays. Unless otherwise specified the overcurrent relays will be of Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) in accordance with IEC 255.4 Type A with high set elements incorporated. Differential protection shall be provided on all 34.5 kV duplicated underground cable feeders. Overhead Line Protection Overhead lines of primary distribution feeders shall be controlled and protected by circuit breakers in conjunction with phase shortcircuit and ground fault protective relays. When distance protection is employed it shall be provided in conjunction with overcurrent and ground fault protection, the latter serving as backup protection. Power and Convenience Outlets Protection Each power and convenience outlet circuit operating at low voltage shall be protected by phase short circuit protective devices and by currentoperated ground leakage protective devices. The residual operating current shall be 30 mA for single phase convenience outlets and 500 mA for 3phase power outlets.
b. 2.7.8 a.
b. 2.7.9
2.8
2.8.1
System Grounding
Solidly Grounded Neutral Systems The solidly grounded neutral shall be used for all the lowvoltage systems that supply lighting, control, instrumentation, heating and fractional horsepower motor loads. These systems include: a. b. c. 120/240V singlephase, threewire 208Y/120V, threephase, fourwire 480Y, threephase, threewire used to supply motor loads (non critical)
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d.
480Y/277V, threephase, fourwire used to supply 277V lighting loads When the 480Y/277V, threephase, fourwire system is used to supply lighting loads, separate transformers should be used for this service rather than combining the service with the motor loads. The use of solidly grounded neutral systems for motor circuits and other power feeder circuits is generally limited to the 480V voltage level and should be considered when such loads are not part of critical continuous processes. LowResistance Grounded Neutral Systems Lowresistance grounded neutral systems shall be used for all mediumvoltage distribution where large rotating machinery may be directly connected to the system. This generally applies to the levels of 4.16 kV, 13.8 kV and 34.5 kV. The resistor is generally sized to limit the groundfault current to a value of 400 A, but in some cases 600 A or 800 A may be selected. HighResistance Grounded Neutral Systems The highresistance grounding shall be used on low voltage systems supplying motor services (480V) for critical continuous processes, such as petrochemical plants and refineries. This system provides the advantages of the ungrounded system and the main advantage of the solidly grounded system, which limits transient overvoltages. A detection and alarm system shall be provided to the trace the ground fault thoughout the system. Ungrounded Electrical Systems Ungrounded electrical systems shall not be used for new facilities. The appropriate replacement is a highresistance grounding system.
2.8.2
2.8.3
2.8.4
2.9
2.9.1
Electric Supply Facilities for Process Control and Safeguarding Systems

The battery autonomy capacity of the d.c system for process control and safe guarding systems shall be 1/2 hour for normal process units and 1 hour for utility units at the maximun load. The electric supply for process control equipment shall be provided from an UPS system. The UPS system shall be fully redundant, which includes two rectifiers, two inverters and one battery bank. The electricity supply for safeguarding systems shall be taken from a dc source of supply. Two units shall be installed and connected in parallel. The a.c. supply for the d.c. source shall be taken from the UPS source. If the safeguarding is an integral part of the process control system the requirements shall be met by the UPS system.
2.9.2
PDVSA
.Men Principal

JUL.96
Pgina 16
Indice norma
DESIGN AND SELECTION REQUIREMENTS EQUIPMENT, CABLES AND INSTALLATIONS

3.1
3.1.1
FOR
Switchgear
Switchgear and controlgear shall be in accordance with PDVSA N201, Sections 3, 8, 9 and Engineering Design Guide PDVSA 90619.1.053 90619.1.054 and Technical Specification for M.V and L.V. switchgear Switchgear and controlgear installations for process area shall be located indoor in a closed air conditioned building in a nonhazardous areas and near the center of the load. Medium voltage up to 36 kV and low voltage plant substation shall be of a double ended secondary selective design. 4160 and lower voltage switchgears, supplying essential loads, shall be secondary selective with automatic transfer. Switchgear and each incoming feeder shall be designed to withstand 120 percent of maximum expected load. The secondary selective switchgears shall be provided with a trip selector switch for manual switching (PDVSA N201, Section 9.3.4). The trip selector will have only 3 positions: one position for bus tie breaker and one position for each incoming line breaker. The switch shall be arranged so that the selected breaker trips after all three breakers are closed. Incoming lines may thus be momentarily paralleled during switching to prevent service interruption. MV and LV switchgear shall be provided with a synchronizing check relay (25) when required. Control and protection schematic diagrams shall be designed according to PDVSA Drawings (N201). Protective relaying coordination criteria for secondary selective substations is presented in a summary table in Appendix B. When two or more secondaryselective substations are interconnected in cascade, automatic transfer of downstream substation shall be timedelayed to allow for the upstream substation to complete its transfer operation. For substations serving process units which are subject to periodic shutdown (turnaround) for maintenance and repair, essential service required during shutdown shall be segregated from service during normal operation. (See PDVSA N201, Section 3.8). The turnaround power center shall have an alternative supply from each main bus with manual transfer and interlocking against paralleling the main busses. MV switchgear structures shall be metal clad in accordance with ANSI C.37.20.2 Standard for MetalClad and StationType Cubicle Switchgear. LV switchgear shall be metal enclosed in accordance with ANSI C.37.20.1 Standard for MetalEnclosed LowVoltage Power Circuit Breaker Switchgear.
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.1.5
3.1.6
3.1.7
PDVSA
.Men Principal

JUL.96
Pgina 17
Indice norma
3.1.8
The switchgear shall be modular type sheet steel cubicles, not less than 12 gauge sheet steel (2.75 mm) structural steel frame work, floor mounting and self supporting with a degree of protection as a whole of not less than Nema 12 or IP42 (IEC 529) without using the floor as part of the enclosure. MCCs and switchgear back to back type are accepted with owners approval. Doors shall be provided with non absorbent, non sticking gaskets. The bus bar system for MV and LV, shall be insulated to the most practicable extent and its connection arrangement shall be faultfree. LV/MV contactors and circuit breakers shall be of the withdrawable type, except in gas insulated switchgear application. MV contactors shall be latched type. LV motor control center shall be combination of MCP circuit breaker and air break or vacuum contactor.
3.1.9
3.1.10
115 and 69 kV breakers shall be of SF6 type. MV circuit breakers, including 34.5 kV breakers, and MV contactors shall be of the vacuum or SF6 type. LV circuit breakers shall be air break type. LV contactors shall be air break type electromagnetically operated, holdin type. MV breakers shall be of spring charged motor type. Contactors shall be capable of interrupting the locked rotor current of the motor (NEC 43082) according to NEMA or category AC4 according to IEC 9471 and 94742. Starters shall be full voltage, non reversing, single speed, combination type. Soft start or reduced voltage can be used with owners approval. MV switchgear shall be provided with a frequency relay (81) in each bus section to shed MV nonessential motors in case of generation deficit. The load shedding system shall prevent relay misoperation due to motor residual voltage during automatic bus transfer. Each LV starter shall be provided with a complete wired base for connecting a plugin Electronic Restart Module type ERM or TDRM for immediate or delayed restarting of motors after mains voltaje sag or interruption, in order to comply with paragraph 2.3.2. Aditionally, all critical motor starter shall be provided with the ERM relay. Latched switching devices shall be provided with a healthy trip pilot lights to supervise condition of tripping circuit. All breakers and starters shall be provided with pilot lights, green and red, to indicate openclose operation, and shall be provided with space heater controls. Watthour, voltampere and ammeter with demand interval of 15 minutes shall be provided in stations 500 kVA or larger. A running hour counter and operation counter shall be provided for each MV motor starter. All MV breakers shall be provided with mechanical operation counter.
3.1.11
3.1.12
3.1.13
3.1.14
3.1.15 3.1.16
PDVSA
.Men Principal

JUL.96
Pgina 18
Indice norma
3.1.17
A maximum of one MV breaker or contactor shall be supplied in any vertical section. Two in one column shall be approved by the Owner. One spare (equipped) motor starter shall be provided in each 4160 V bus section. At least one spare and one space cubicles should be provided in each 480 V power distribution center bus. The following spare 480 motor starters and spaces shall be included in every motor control center:
NEMA Size 12 3 and larger Spare 5% 1 unit Space 5% 1 unit
3.1.18 3.1.19 3.1.20
The vacuum and SF6 contactors shall have a chopping current less than 0.75 A. The vacuum and SF6 breakers shall have a chopping current less than 5 A. Components of switchgear shall be standardized as much as possible. Control power shall be as follows: MV breakers: 120 V ac for spring charged motor 125 V dc for closing 125 V dc for tripping
PDVSA
.Men Principal

JUL.96
Pgina 19
Indice norma
A dc supply unit (for closing and tripping), consisting of one rectifier unit and one battery unit, shall be installed for each section of the switchgear with changeover facilities. The rectifier shall be fed by 120 V ac taken from the voltage transformer of the section concerned with changeover facilities. MV latched contactors: 120 V ac for closing taken from its own voltage transformer. 125 V dc for tripping taken from the dc units. LV contactors: 120 V ac for closing from transformer provided separately in each starter. LV breakers: (incoming and bus tie breakers). As MV breakers mentioned above.
3.2
3.2.1 3.2.2
Transformers
Power and distribution transformers shall be in accordance with PDVSA N201, Section 7 and Engineering Design Guide PDVSA 90619.1.051. Power transformers for Plant Stations shall be of the outdoor type, oil filled, 65 C rise (ANSI C57.12.00 and C57.12.10), with an externally operated off circuit primary tap changer with four full capacity taps, two 2.5% above and two 2.5% below rated primary voltage.Unless otherwise specified, approved by the owners engineer, transformers shall be naturally cooled by means of integrally mounted radiators. Transformers rated 750 kVA and above shall have provisions for future addition of automatic cooling fans. Provisions do not include the supply of the fans and their power supply.
3.2.3
Transformer size shall be based on 65 C rating self cooled (OA), and shall be equal or greater than the substation maximum demand multiplied by a factor of 1.20. Main bus and feeder capacities shall be equal to the maximum fan cooled transformer rating. The ability to withstand thermal and dynamic effects of short circuits shall be of 2 s (IEC 76.5) for transformers of Plant Substation and 3 s for Main Stations and Power Plant Station. Power transformers shall be capable of withstanding infrequent restarting loads of up to 1.8 times the transformer rated current. Five such starts may take place in succession at 5 seconds interval. Oil immersed transformers shall be filled with oil manufactured locally, approved by Covenin, or equivalent approved by the owners engineer. Liquids known under trade names like Askarel, Pyranol, Clophen, Piralene, etc. and in general Polyclorinated Biphenyls (PCBS) are not acceptable.
3.2.4
3.2.5
PDVSA
.Men Principal

JUL.96
Pgina 20
Indice norma
3.2.6
The basic impulse insulation levels and insulation classes shall be as specified in ANSI C57.12.00, tables 3,4 and 5. Bushings shall be of an insulation class not less than that of the winding terminal to which they are connected. Neutral, for each MV winding specified with neutral brought out, shall be fully insulated. Transformers of the unsealed type shall be provided with a conservator tank mounted above the highest point of the oil circulating system of the equipment. It shall have an inside flexible membrane for oil/air separation. Each conservator shall be fitted with one oillevel indicator of direct reading prismatic glass type visible from ground level and one filling orifice with an air tight capturescrewed cap. At Main Station, where specified, transformers shall be provided with a three phase on load tap changer to vary the nominal voltage by plus 10% and minus 10%. The on load tap changing equipment shall consist of a liquid immersed arcing tap switch or tap selector and a diverter switch (arcing switch), a motor mechanism and automatic control devices. Diverter switch tank shall be pressure proof and provided with an overpressure (or overflow) protection device to disconnect the transformer and release the pressure completely. Diverter switch contacts shall be designed to ensure long life operation. For system voltage up to 34.5 kV, cable terminations shall be in an integrated airfilled box suitable for mounting on the side wall of the transformer with a removable non magnetic plate and suitable provisions for terminating cable. A grounding bolt of adequate size shall be provided for each cable shield and shall be located inside the box. The boxes shall be weather proof with a minimum degree of protection of IP 55 or NEMA 4. Space heaters shall be installed inside the cableend boxes to prevent condensation. Low voltage wiring shall be segregated by metal barriers. When the item description calls for a bus duct, the cable box shall be so constructed as to permit the coupling of the bus duct to the box without losing the minimum degree of protection.
3.2.7
3.2.8
3.2.9
3.2.10
MV and LV boxes,on transformers above 2.5 MVA, shall be provided with disconnecting links to isolate the cable from the transformer terminals for testing purposes. Primary and secondary voltage metallic ducts shall be installed directly below the transformers cableend boxes up to the ground level. These ducts will give mechanical protection to power cables. Radiators for transformers, rated above 2 500 kVA, shall be detachable and shall be provided with a machined or ground flanged inlet and outlet for bolting to the transformer tank through isolating valves. Metal sun shades shall be fitted over all boxes at approximate 50 mm above top cover.
3.2.11
3.2.12
PDVSA
.Men Principal

JUL.96
Pgina 21
Indice norma
3.2.13
A durable metal nameplate of corrosion resistant materials shall be affixed to each transformer by the manufacturer. The minimum information shown on the nameplate shall be that specified in ANSI C57.12.00, table 9, nameplate C and the following information, when applicable: Purchaser order number. Indication of provision for future forced cooling equipment Maximum operating pressure of oil preservation system (positive and negative). Tank designed for vacuum filling.
3.2.14 3.2.15
Finish paint shall be light gray NFPA 70. Alternative manufacturers standard is acceptable, as long as it is at least equivalent to the above finish. Rated voltage for threephase transformers (nominal):
115 and 69 34.5 13.8 4.16 0.480 kV kV kV kV kV Neutral solidly grounded Grounded through low resistance Grounded through low resistance Grounded through low resistance Solidly grounded
3.2.16
Unless otherwise specified, the angular displacement between the primary and secondary phase voltages with a deltawye connection shall be as per IEC 76 standard Dyn 11 (secondary voltage lags primary voltage by 30 deg.). All windings, up to 34.5 kV, shall be fully insulated, as defined in ANSI C57.12, or IEC 76. All neutral points of star windings shall be brought out to a terminal bushing. The neutral terminal shall have an insulation class equal to the insulation class of the line terminal. For 69 and 115 kV, it shall be agreed with the owners engineer.
3.2.17
3.3
3.3.1
Electric Motors
Medium voltage (MV) electric motors shall be in accordance with API Standard 541 Form Wound SquirrelCage Induction Motors 250 hp and larger. Low voltage (LV) motors shall be in accordance with IEEE Std 841 IEEE Standard for Petroleum and Chemical Industry Severe Duty Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled (TEFC) Squirrel Cage Induction Motors Up to and Including 500 hp. Electric motors shall be high efficiency type. Unless otherwise specified herein, when the word should appear in the API 541 and IEEE Std 841 it must be substituted by shall and, therefore, considered mandatory.
PDVSA
.Men Principal

JUL.96
Pgina 22
Indice norma
3.3.2
MV induction motors, 150 kW (200 hp up to 7000 hp) and larger, shall be 4 000 V, 60 Hz, squirrel cage type, suitable for full voltage, across the line starting. LV motors, 0.56 kW to 149 shall be 460 V. The kW break point may vary for reasons of economy with approval by Owner. Cooling system shall be air to air (CACA). Air to water cooling is not acceptable, for motors up to 7 000 hp (4 000 V). The minimum degree of protection of an industrial motor shall be IP 54, (IEC 529) or TEFCGuarded (NEMA MG1) for the motor enclosure and IP 55 for the terminal boxes and bearing housings. Nema II, weatherprotected motors (IPW24) are not acceptable. Motors for Division I shall be explosion proof. For Division 2 they shall be, in addition to (3.3.4), nonsparking, which in normal service do not arc or spark or produce ignition due to hot surfaces. Unless otherwise specified on the requisition, a Div.. 2 motor shall be designed for temperature class T3 (200 C). Site condition is highly corrosive. Motors shall be ruggedized, suitable for extremes of environmental conditions and shall include antifungus tropical protection. For LV motors, all enclosure parts shall be cast iron. For MV motors, all enclosure parts shall be cast iron or fabricated carbon steel sheet of 1/8 inch (3 mm) minimum thickness. The starting torque characteristics shall be minimum NEMA Design B. At 80% rated voltage and rated frequency applied at the motor terminals, it shall be adequate for starting the driven load under the most severe conditions, e.g pump with open discharge. Under these conditions, the accelerating torque shall be not less than 10% of the rated full load torque, at 80% rated voltage and at any speed between zero and that at which pullout occurs. Motors shall be suitable for starting duties of at least two starts in succession after continuous running, once the motor is allowed to coast to rest. Motors shall be applied within their rating based on a service factor de 1.0. In those applications requiring a prolonged overload capacity, the use of a higher horsepower rating is required to avoid the reduction of insulation and bearing life associated with operation above the 1.0 service factor. All motors shall have their windings starconnected and shall have identical insulation levels. Stator windings of MV motors shall be preformed and be made of rectangular copper conductors. MV rotors shall be copper. Motors with aluminum frames are unacceptable. All motors shall have a class F insulation, with a class B temperature rise at the continuous required nameplate rating.
3.3.3 3.3.4
3.3.5 3.3.6
3.3.7
3.3.8
3.3.9 3.3.10
3.3.11
3.3.12
PDVSA
.Men Principal

JUL.96
Pgina 23
Indice norma
3.3.13
A terminal box of sturdy construction shall be provided with ample space for connecting the cables as indicated on the requisition order which, due to voltage drop, short circuit, large number of duct cables, can be twice that considered normal by manufacturer. Terminal boxes shall be watertight. Transition box between cable and motor box is not acceptable. For MV motors all terminal boxes shall be made of steel. Terminal boxes made of cast iron are not acceptable. The main terminal box shall be of the noncompound filled design, phase insulated, phase segregated or phase separated type.
3.3.14 3.3.15
MV Motors shall be designed to be controlled by vacuum contactors. Motors of 1 500 kW (2 000 hp) and above shall be provided with surge suppressors. Within the application limits, about 285 kW 3 600 rpm, 2 240 kW . 1 800 rpm, motors shall be provided with ball and roller bearing with suitable grease nipples and relief devices. Minimum relubrication interval to be 4 000 hours for horizontal motors and 2 000 hours for vertical motors. Motors of 75 hp and above, shall be provided with space heaters. Voltage supply shall be 120 V ac. Standardization of motors of the same size and manufacturer shall be pursued.
3.3.16 3.3.17
3.4
3.4.1
Cables And Wires

Cables and wires shall conform to PDVSA N201, Section 14, 15 and Engineering Design Guide PDVSA 90619.1.057. Cables shall be designed, manufactured and tested according to the additional provisions of AEIC CS5 to the ICEA S66524 standard. Distribution feeders and branch feeders to motors shall be done, wherever possible, by underground distribution system, for inherent protection against fire and mechanical damage. 13.8 and 34.5 kV feeder shall be directly buried, using armored cables. Motor branches 4.16 and 0.480 kV shall preferably be buried directly in the ground. Underground cable ducts shall be avoided in hazardous areas due to increased risks. Also it will affect the cable current rating unfavorably. Directly buried cables shall be identified with lead trips, approximately 20 mm wide, at each end and then over their entire lenghth at 5 m intervals and at all points where they enter and leave ducts and at changes in direction, etc. In areas where the possibility of soil contamination is present, cables shall be provided with a lead sheath, and appropriate external cover to prevent electrolytic corrosion
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.4
3.4.5
PDVSA
.Men Principal

JUL.96
Pgina 24
Indice norma
3.4.6
Above ground cables are allowed in process units having equipment installed on tall structures, and in soil with high probability of contamination where the use of cable lead sheath is not possible, all agreed with the owners engineer. Cables shall be supported by cable racks, trays or cable ladders all the way up to their terminations. All materials used shall be properly protected against corrosion, such as hotdip galvanized materials, stainless steel, reinforced fiberglass, fire resistant polyester, depending on severity of environmental conditions. Cable trays and conduits shall conform PDVSA N201, Section 14. Above ground cables are also allowed if underground cabling leads to impractical or uneconomic solutions because of excessive ground space requirements, or high freatic level. A technical and economic analysis shall be carried out for the selection of above ground, underground or a combined above ground and underground cable system. The result shall be approved by Pequiven. All power, lighting and grounding cables shall have copper conductors. Type and size of cable shall be agreed with the owners engineer for standardization reasons. Minimum size shall be as indicated in PDVSA 90619.1.057. MV cables shall be copper cross linked polyethylene (XLPE) or ethylene propylene rubber EPR insulated (90 C) and PVC jacketed, shielded type. LV cables shall be PVC, PVC (75 C). Distribution cables (13.8 and 34.5 kV) shall be of one core construction. Feeders and motor branch enclosed in duct (4.16 and 0.480 kV) shall be three core up to the size AWG No. 1/0. Size AWG No. 2/0 and above shall be one core. For the sizing of cables, thermal short circuit capacity, voltage drop, current rating and derating factors shall be taken into consideration. The latter will take into account deviation for ground/ ambient temperature, deviation for soil thermal resistivity, grouping of cables in ducts or trenches and the shield losses.A soil average temperature and thermal resistivity survey shall be conducted prior to perform the ampacity calculations. Conductor shortcircuit capability shall be calculated with the maximum expected threephase shortcircuit current circulating for a time equal to the backup protective relay setting, according to ICEA P32382. Shield and armor shortcircuit capability shall be calculated with maximum expected phase to ground shortcircuit current for a time equal to the backup protective relay setting for solidly grounded neutral systems, and for the rated current and time of the neutral grounding resistor for low resistance grounded systems. Calculation shall be made according to ICEA P45482. Cables at 600 V and below, and feeders to motors above 600 V, shall not be increased in size because of short circuit duty.
3.4.7
3.4.8
3.4.9
3.4.10
3.4.11
3.4.12
3.4.13
PDVSA
.Men Principal

JUL.96
Pgina 25
Indice norma
3.4.14
When installing shielded cable, metallic shielding must be solidly grounded. For safe and effective operation, the shielding shall be grounded at each end of the cable and at each splice. For short lengths, grounding at one point may be considered with the owners engineer approval. Grounding cables between equipment and ground net shall be PVC covered (green color), as protection against electrolytic corrosion. Ground net conductors shall be bare copper. Instrument and telecommunication cables shall be laid in trenches or trays separated from those used for MV and/or LV cables. Conductors No. 14 AWG and larger shall be stranded. Wire smaller than No. 12 AWG shall not be used in both lighting and power systems.
3.4.15
3.4.16 3.4.17
3.5
3.5.1 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.5.4 3.5.5 3.5.6 3.5.7
Lighting
Lighting system shall conform to PDVSA N201, Section 13. Lighting levels shall be as per COVENIN 2 249 Iluminancias en Tareas y Areas de Trabajo. As far as practical, energy efficient fluorescent luminaries in white color shall, in general, be used for plant lighting. High pressure discharge lamps (sodium vapor type fixtures) may be used where flood lighting and street lighting be required. Low pressure sodium discharge lamps shall not be used, as they constitute a fire hazardous in the event of breakage. For standardization reasons the same type of fittings shall be used in all plant areas. For the control of lamp groups in individual rooms of a process building, or where otherwise necessary, local lighting switches shall be provided. Lighting for outdoor operating areas and streets shall be automatic controlled by photocell. An autoonoff selector switch shall be located at the controller location to permit manual control of the lighting (PDVSA N201, Section 13.21). All lighting voltage for process plants shall be 208 V, 3phase. Lighting transformers and lighting panels shall be located inside of a switch house. Fixed emergency lighting shall be installed in control rooms, switch rooms, fire fighting station, firstaid rooms, watchmens offices, the main entrances and in all other buildings and areas when required for safety reasons.
3.5.8 3.5.9 3.5.10
3.6
3.6.1
Power and Convenience Outlets

For maintenance purposes an adequate number of 3phase power outlets for movable equipment and single phase convenience outlets for the supply of portable tools and hand lamps shall be provided at suitable locations.
PDVSA
.Men Principal

JUL.96
Pgina 26
Indice norma
3.6.2
Convenience outlets shall have a standard supply voltage equal to the voltage selected for normal lighting. (208 and/or 120 V in agreement with the owners engineer). Hand torches shall be provided for all locations where operating personnel will be present. The equipment shall consist of fixed charging units with sockets and plugintype hand torches suitable for classified area.
3.6.3
3.7
3.7.1 3.7.2
Metering Equipment
Incoming circuits shall be provided with ammeter, voltmeter and active power meter. Electricity consumption metering, enabling assessment of energy consumption for each individual processing unit, shall be incorporated. The following accuracy class 0.5 metering instruments shall be provided per incoming circuit: active energy meter (kWh), apparent power maximum demand meter (kVAd). Summators shall be provided to totalize kWh and kVAd for all circuits. Excluding workshops, each LV motor circuit of 23 kW (30 hp) and above shall be provided with an ammeter close to the motor (local). MV motors shall be provided with local and remote ammeter. A current transducer shall be provided at the MCC to convert the motors CT secondary current from 5 A to a 4 20 mA signal dc. This signal shall be connected to the ammeter close to the motor. Switching counters and runninghour meters shall be provided on MV motor switchgear panels.
3.7.3
3.7.4
3.7.5
3.8
3.8.1 3.8.2
Grounding
Grounding system shall conform to PDVSA N201, Section 17. For the grounding of electrical system, equipment and structures, each installation shall have one common ground grid connected to at least two groups of ground electrodes. The ground grid for substation and generating station shall be bare stranded medium hard drawn copper. The ground grid shall extend throughout the installation in the form of main ring with insulated conductors, green PVC covered, to prevent electrolytic corrosion of plant equipment. Main ring conductors and branch conductors to metallic enclosures of HV/MV/LV electrical equipment shall have a minimum size of 2/0 AWG (67 mm2). Minimum size for branch grounding conductors to be No. 2 AWG (33.6 mm2) for underground conductors and 6 AWG (13.3 mm2) for above ground conductors.
3.8.3
3.8.4
PDVSA
.Men Principal

JUL.96
Pgina 27
Indice norma
3.8.5 3.8.6
The electrical resistance between main ground grid and the general mass of earth shall not exceed 2 ohm. The connections between electrodes heads and conductors shall be so executed that easy inspection and testing of the ground resistance of individual electrodes be possible. Pipelines and other underground metallic objects shall not be used for grounding purposes. For lightning and static electricity purpose, ground electrodes shall be located near the structure to be protected. The resistance of electrodes and mass of earth shall not exceed 7 ohm. Grounding of electronic system (computer, instruments and communications). See PDVSA N201, par. 17.5.19 and 17.5.20. In general a separate grounding system is required and no other equipment shall be connected to it. The grounding cable shall be stranded, annealed copper cable with an overall PVC insulation color coded green. Computer and instrument system grounds shall have a simple path to ground. This shall be accomplished by using ground busses connected to a single ground electrode cluster. The single ground electrode cluster is connected to the plant ground loop. Busses shall be isolated from the equipment ground or grid.
3.8.7 3.8.8
3.8.9 3.8.10
3.8.11
3.9
3.9.1 3.9.2
Substations
Substations buildings shall conform to PDVSA N201, Section 21. Electrical switchgear installations shall be located indoor in an elevated masonery building. Outdoor switchgear is acceptable with the approval of the owner (PDVSA N201, Section 3.6.10). The under floor shall be used for accommodation of incoming and outgoing cables. Trays shall be provided in this area. The substation/switch houses shall be located in a safe area and designed as a completely closed civil engineering structure, with steel doors of dust tight construction and dust tight cable passages, to correspond to the occurrence of one air change per hour maximum. Substation shall contain electrical equipment only for the safe and secure distribution of electricity such as switchgear, transformers and auxiliary facilities. Substation building shall be air conditioned. The air conditioning installation shall consist of two or more individual split system air conditioning installation. Each one shall comprise: a) One fan coil unit suitable for 100 % recirculation and free
3.9.3
3.9.4 3.9.5
PDVSA
.Men Principal

JUL.96
Pgina 28
Indice norma
air delivery. b) One weather proof R12 or R22 hermetically sealedtype aircooled condensing unit suitable for outdoor location. 3.9.6 During normal operation the maximum indoor temperature shall not rise above 35 C dry bulb. In the case of breakdown or maintenance to one of the air conditioned units, the maximum indoor temperature shall not rise above 40 C dry bulb. Internal temperature range to be between 29 C and 32 C. Provisions shall be made to avoid condensation. Cable entry holes to the enclosure of electrical equipment shall be suitably sealed. Each substation with HV/MV switchgear shall be provided with an annunciator panel centralizing the individual alarm and trip functions of the station equipment. From the annunciator panel, major and minor common alarms shall be given to a manned control room. Each transformer of 2 000 kVA and above shall be installed above an empty oil collecting pit with slopping bottom sized to contain the oil volume of the transformer. A suitable drainage facility with a fire trap shall be provided. Transformers shall be installed outdoor in an area adjacent to the building. The roof of the building, where possible, shall be extended to cover the transformer area without affecting the transformer mobility. Fire or blast walls between transformers are required for transformer of 2 000 kVA and above. Sufficient space for future extension of switchgear, by at least two panels at each end without change to the building, shall be included in the design. For installations requiring steel channels embedded in concrete floors for switchgear support and alignment, care shall be taken in the design to avoid distortion of the switchgear structure and that the equipment be completely aligned to facilitate the insertion and withdrawal of drawout equipment. The station floor shall be designed to withstand the impact stress caused by the opening of the circuit breakers under short circuit conditions.
3.9.7 3.9.8
3.9.9
3.9.10
3.9.11 3.9.12
SUBSTATION FIRE PROTECTION

4.1 General
A risk analysis shall be performed in the early stages of design and fully revised during the detailed engineering. In general, the substation shall be designed, constructed and protected following the recommendations listed in ANSI/IEEE standard 979 IEEE Guide for Substation Fire Protection.
4.2
4.2.1
Mandatory Requirements
Removable covers for trenches shall be metal or fire retardant material.
PDVSA
.Men Principal

JUL.96
Pgina 29
Indice norma
4.2.2
Cables shall be provided with external jackets of fireretardant material. Critical wiring shall not be routed closer than 7.5 m horizontally from potential fire hazards. Critical wiring routed between 3 and 7.5 m horizontally from potential fire hazards shall be protected by thermal insulation from fire.
4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.2.6 4.2.7 4.2.8 4.2.9
The building shall have a minimum of two exits located at opposite ends. Doors shall open outward and be equipped with panic hardware and exit signs. Portable fire extinguishers shall be located adjacent to the doors. Smoke detectors shall be installed to activate local and remote alarm. Building shall be constructed of fireresistive non combustible materials. Cable openings shall be sealed to prevent the transfer of smoke and fire from one area to another. Oil filled equipment shall not be installed inside the building. Oilfilled power transformers containing 8 000 liters or more of insulating oil shall be located at a minimum of 6 meters from any building. Smaller separation is acceptable if a fixed fire protection system is provided. Transformers containing less than 8 000 liters of insulating oil shall be located not less than the following distances from building: 75 kVA or less 3m 76 kVA to 333 kVA 6m more than 333 kVA 9m Transformers can be installed close to the building if a fireresistive wall is provided.
4.2.10
4.2.11
Transformers shall be separated by a fire barrier having a minimum of onehour fireresistance rating. The fire barrier shall extend at least 300 mm in the vertical direction and 600 mm in the horizontal direction beyond the line of sight between all points on adjacent transformers.
PDVSA
.Men Principal

JUL.96
Pgina 30
Indice norma
4.2.12
Battery rooms shall have a ventilation system. The entrance door to a battery room shall have a warning sign PELIGROGAS HIDROGENOPROHIBIDO FUMAR. A flow switch shall be provided on each fan to give an alarm when the ventilation system is off. Light switch and convenience outlets shall be located outside the battery room. An eyewash station shall be provided. Walls and floor shall be covered by an acidresisting material.
4.2.13 4.2.14
POWER SUPPLY UNITS

Power supply units, such as main generator, emergency generators, controllers, batteries, rectifiers, switchgear and controlgears, shall be installed in nonhazardous areas.
ECONOMICAL EVALUATION OF LOSSES

The transformers and motors shall be evaluated on the basis of guaranteed total losses, auxiliary power requirements of cooling equipment and installation cost. Transformer losses will be evaluated at the following values:
US$/kW Noload loss at 100% of rated voltage Load loss at selfcooled rating Stage one cooling equipment power 3500 2900 1800
Motor losses will be evaluated at the following values:

US$/kW Loss at 100% of rated voltage Cooling and lubrication equipment power 3500 1800
In the bid evaluation procedure, each loss evaluation figure listed above shall be multiplied by its respective guaranteed loss value in kW, and the resulting figures will be added to the bid price to give a total evaluated price for bid comparison. Evaluation results shall be submitted to Pequiven for approval.
DOCUMENTS AND DRAWINGS

All necessary drawings required for the installation and interconnection of equipment, cables and wires shall form part of the design. Such information shall be updated when alterations to the design are made and shall include additional information that is required during erection or may be required for future
PDVSA
.Men Principal

JUL.96
Pgina 31
Indice norma
maintenance, trouble shooting and operation. As built drawings shall be available within one month of acceptance of the construction, covering all parts of the electrical installation and related civil engineering, mechanical and instrumentation work.
PDVSA
.Men Principal

JUL.96
Pgina 32
Indice norma
APPENDIX A
NOMINAL VOLTAGE Main Station Power Plant Station Distribution Station Plant Station Motors above 7000 hp Motors, 150 kW (200 hp) to 7000 hp 4000 hp Motors, 0.56 kW (0.75 hp) to 149 kW (199 hp) Motors, 0.55 kW (0.74 hp) & below (Nonprocess motors) The kilowatt break point may vary for reasons of economy with approval by the owners engineer. Motor control Breakers and latched contactors (Trip circuits) Sodium, blended and fluorescent lighting Instrumentation Special consideration Special consideration SERVICE VOLTAGE
480 208/120
460 208/120
120 V ac single phase 125 V dc 208 V ac, 3 phase 120 V ac
PDVSA
.Men Principal

JUL.96
Pgina 33
Indice norma
APPENDIX B SECONDARY SELECTIVE SUBSTATIONS WITH AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SETTING AND COORDINATION OF PROTECTIVE DEVICES FUNCTION
271, 272 Dropout: Time: Pickup: 501, 502 Pickup: Time: 50N1, 50N2 Pickup: Time: 27R1, 27R2 27I1, 27I2 511, 512 Pickup: Time: Pickup: Time: Pickup:
SETTING CRITERIA
70 to 80 % of rated voltage.(<lowest expected sustained voltage). Short Inverse. To be coordinated with relay 51 (See Arnold Kelly, IEEE/IGA, April 1965, for procedure). Time at 0 V = 0.8 1.5 s. 90 % of rated voltage. > Maximum expected current during normal operation, and also >Motor contribution to a fault on the incoming circuit (12.518 A) Instantaneous. < Arcing ground fault current (0.5 2 A), and also >Maximum expected neutral current during normal operation. Instantaneous. < 25 % of rated voltage. Instantaneous. 70 a 80 % of rated voltage. Instantaneous. > Both buses normal current + largest motor starting current (MV) > 125% of XFMR rated OA capacity for long time curve (LV) Aprox. 4 times XFMR rated OA capacity for short time setting (LV) Inverse. To be coordinated with downstream phase OC relays. Short time: To be coordinated with downstream instantaneous relays. > 10 % of upstream phase overcurrent relay pickup for LV systems, and 10 to 20 % of maximum ground fault current for MV systems. Inverse. To be coordinated with downstream ground fault relays. According to 51N1 and 51N2 relays setting (backup). Inverse. To be coordinated with relay 51N1 and 51N2 relays. 3s 1s
Time:
51N1, 51N2
Pickup:
Time: 51G1, 51G2 961, 962 971, 972 Pickup: Time: Time: Time:

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PDVSA

MANUAL DE INGENIERIA DE DISEO

GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

PAG. REV. APROB. Alejandro Newski

APROB. APROB. FECHA JUL.96

APROB. Eliecer Jimnez

PDVSA N252 REVISION FECHA

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 DESIGN AND SELECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EQUIPMENT, CABLES AND INSTALLATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 SUBSTATION FIRE PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 POWER SUPPLY UNITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ECONOMICAL EVALUATION OF LOSSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 DOCUMENTS AND DRAWINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PDVSA N252 REVISION FECHA

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

GENERAL DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES

PDVSA N252 REVISION FECHA

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

PDVSA N252 REVISION FECHA

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

Codes and Standards

PDVSA N252 REVISION FECHA

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

IRM01 90619.1.050 to .064 1.3.2 200 548 559

Separacin entre Equipos e Instalaciones Engineering Design Guide Electrical

C 84.1 Y32.9 70 979

PDVSA N252 REVISION FECHA

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

PDVSA N252 REVISION FECHA

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

1.3.6 1.3.7 1.3.8 1.3.9

Safety, Reliability and Energy Conservation

1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4

PDVSA N252 REVISION FECHA

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DESIGN

Variations In Supply Voltage

PDVSA N252 REVISION FECHA

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

System Power Factor

PDVSA N252 REVISION FECHA

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

Short Circuit Ratings

Electrical Protection And Control

PDVSA N252 REVISION FECHA

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

PDVSA N252 REVISION FECHA

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

PDVSA N252 REVISION FECHA

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

PDVSA N252 REVISION FECHA

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

PDVSA N252 REVISION FECHA

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

Electric Supply Facilities for Process Control and Safeguarding Systems

PDVSA N252 REVISION FECHA

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

DESIGN AND SELECTION REQUIREMENTS EQUIPMENT, CABLES AND INSTALLATIONS

PDVSA N252 REVISION FECHA

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

PDVSA N252 REVISION FECHA

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

3.1.18 3.1.19 3.1.20

PDVSA N252 REVISION FECHA