Senior Pre-Calculus Mathematics Solutions For Cumulative Exercises

,.
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Solutions for
\ 1,."
Cumulative Exercises
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A Supplement to
A 'Foundation for
Implementation
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Manitoba
Education
and Training
Education
et Formation
professionnelle
Manitoba
'Ij
SENIOR 4. '
PRE-CALCULUS MATHEMATICS
SOLUTIONS TO CUMULATI'VE EXERCISES
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A Supplement to,
A Foundation for Implementation'
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Manitoba Education and Training
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Manitoba Education and Training Cata logu ingi n Publication

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Data
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'Senior 4 pre-calculus mathematics. Solutions

to cumulative exercises: a supplement to
a foundation for implementation
ISBN 0-7711-2787-1
1. Mathematics-Problems, exercises, etc.
2. Calculus-Problems, exercises, etc. 3.
Mathematics-Study
and teaching (Secondary).
, 4. Calculus-Study and teaching (Secondary).
1. Manitoba. Dept. of Education and Training.
\
Copyright 2000, the Crown in Right of Manitoba 'as represented by the Minister
of Education and Training. Manitoba Education and Training, School Programs
Division, 197.0 Ness Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3J OY9.
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Solutions
to Cumulative
,"
Exercises
Mathematics
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Manitoba Education and Training gratefully acknowledges the contributions of the following
individuals in the development of Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics Solutions to Cumulative
Exercises: A Supplement to A Foundation for Implementation.
John Barsby
Lynn Batten
(until December 1996)
Carole 'Bilyk
(sinceFebruary 1999)
Joseph Combiadakis
'(until June 1998)
Abdou Daoudi
.
Mathematics Revision Committee
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Wayne Watt
Alan Wells
Independent Schools
University of Manitoba
School Programs Division

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Bureau de l'education francaise
Dave Klasse'n
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St. John's Ravenscourt

Department of Mathematics

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(until June 1998)
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Mountain S.D. No. 28

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Mathematics
Solutions to Cumulative
Exercises
Kindergarten to Senior 4 Mathematics Steering Committee,

Lynda Baxter
St. Vital S.D. No.6'
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(since February 1999)
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Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-Oalcutus Mathematics

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'I'
Senior 4 Pre~CalculusMathematics
Exercises
'"
Mathematics Field Validation (Pilot) Project (1997-00) (continued)
Peter Pura (1998-00)

, Norm Roseman (1999-00)
Larry Ruppel
Gerry Sapinsky (1997-98)
John Scott
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Winnipeg S.D. No.1
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Consultant
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Program Development Branch
Coordina tor
Production Support Unit

Project Manager
Curriculum Unit '

Katharine Tetlock
Consultant
Learning Technologies Unit

Wayne Wfltt '
Project Leader
Lee-Ila Bothe'
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DianeCoo~ey ,
,
vi
Curriculum Unit
, Program Development Branch
SolutiQns to Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements m
Introduction
Exercise
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
" 19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Degree and Radian Measure 3

The Unit Circle 5
Special Angles and the Trigonometric Functions 10
Solving Trigonometric Equations on a Specified Interval
General Solution of Trigonometric Equations. 15
Graphing Circular Functions 18
Translations 21
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Horizontal and Vertical Stretches 25,
Symmetry, 'Reflections, and Inverses 28
Graphing Reciprocals 32
Graphing Absolute Values 36
Practice with Transformations 40 I
Transformations with Trig Functions 13
Trigonometric Identities I 46
Trigonometric Identities II 48
Sum and Difference Identities I 51
Sum and Difference Identities II 55
Double Angle Identities 58
Exponential Functions 61
Solve Exponential Equations 64
Logarithmic Functions 66
Logarithmic Theorems I 69
Logarithmic Theorems II 72
Exponential and Logarithmic Equations I 75
Exponential and Logarithmic Equations II 79
Natural Logarithms 82
Applications of the Exponential Function 85
Counting Principles 89
Permutation with Repetitions and Restrictions 92
Permutations 95
Circular Permutations 98
Permutations with Case Restrictions 102
Combinations 105
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Senior
4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Solutions to Cumulative Exercises
Exercise
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
"
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
.'
Binomial Theorem 108
Permutations, Combinations, and Binomial The'brem 111
Parabola 114
Circle and Ellipse 117
Hyperbola 121
'"
Sample Spaces 126
Probability of Independent .and Dependent Events 129
Combining Probabilities lif2
Conditional Probability I 'J 35
Conditional Probability II 138
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Probability Using Permutations and Combinations
.. ~41
Geometric Sequences 144
Geometric Series 147
Infinite Geometric Series 150
Review I 153
Review II 157
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Review III 161
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Exercises
Mathematics
INTRODUCTION
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics Solutions to Cumulative Exercises: A Supplement 'to A
Foundation for Implementation initially was prepared by members of the Senior 4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics Cumulative Exercises Committee.
"I
The initial solutions were provided to the field test teachers during the 1997-98 school year. As the
cumulative exercises were revised, pther Manitoba educatora'participated in the' further ,
development of Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics Solutions ~ Cumulative Exercises.
,
This document is provided to Manitoba teachers of Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics to support

implementation of the new curriculum. It is intended to provide both teachers and students' with
sample solutions and/or alternate solutions.
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Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics
Exercise 1: Degree and Radian Measure
2, a)
Jtr ::.
~ ~'X ::. ~!.JI80) = - 210
11--
10
180
tJ
c) 2- (,3'i .:
"
'it-
2L
:9 X ~2-~'I (/81))
/80
' ' It:
:: ISO i"
z, ~
=- /I (180)
If
180
3'
11 -
7."..
12.
12 ,
5, Th ir d At19Ie:
'/. '180 a ,- 1300

50' = ..K- =>
(3fl7)
3.,.,... =7
s:
7X~
/5
0 I'
75
15;:
r 11"
z: -r:
II
.:: I
13x
X .:: '5/,3
< e c 217"
or (3%,
'
2~)
<'1!- or ["Y2, I 1l")

(Note: (0.5 e ::0 i s if')C/uc/etI ir7 fhe solcJ-/-;on)
C) GutAdra.n-f I and IIr ~ 0 < e 4:; % u 1r ~ () c .3~
or (at ~) U (11") 3~)
d) &ua.d r{).rJf 1 and J1 ~ 172 ~ S ~ 3~2. or L ~ I
~2
COS(;} == 0 is
,
,
75 X
"",, \',
2x + /5 .::/5 X
'7
2 +- I
2~
8 0..) Q uadra.f1+.N:. 4 ~
(Nofe:
"
/8 '
711-_ 61?-
,,/5
b) Qvo..ara..fl+ II
'511-
=!Jr ",'
7'/5 2."..
,~=
t" Conver+ 2LJo fo radia.n.s-
:. rt-
x ::.50."..
/8()
Ii
500
1]-
::;!!:..
1'/ /~
.li: =9
::.
11'- 11'- -
Cample men/-:
17'= 2.1r
/5
n-
11'
180 '
, :: -5w.3Q,
I'
/80
5.".. -'
d.)-{),~925 .:.L:) )(~~O,?825(i~
IfoS 0
180
2'1
I,
/ncl(/d~d
il7
3~J
fhe so/tlft'(lr))
,"
Exercise ,1: Degree and Radian'Measure (continued)
h) III
II.
;%;
e,:; Lj,gu ::;
/2d=/61.:;\
ra.diMS
2 Lf i ocoe 5
S=t3r
/2
3 ::
r=82
e (8.2)
(9 =/2.3
::. /5
82
1....5... =,L
9 X
:f:
180
1/
= 857"
/5(/80)
17"
sr=
=Z
3,::: 5 cJ::: /
No ofhera.n:;,wer,5 are p05s;ble
fii. X
t(.
1-
pa.r
.pr~rn /1
..fhe power.s\
+he
po wetS of
-r-s a..re
Since
.3 a,,,,t/
d;;iinaf,'
,
/6. a)
I
\'
,
(x+3)2fl
X 2.. + ~
I,.
'
fl ~::(Y)x~b
. ~ = 0/3 xd- /2.
X:"
0:: ~ x + 12
, -/2=;;3 x
- 3~;; 2-;.
Le+ ~ =0
1.1
ICf.
rn ::
-6;1
, 2
-j
'd:; (; -
J ::.Y2.)( 2.+ X
=7
12-(x2-x)
.0
b-Y2
X =-7~1iI-i.f(;)(-/2)
2
=-7:t-/n
a,) X(x2+2x-3)
0 - X ::: ~ X z+ X
1...
';('2.+
'=8x
7x -;/2.
2..
b) X
i5 - /8
/2 - 2 x :;: X
+ 2)<
O='X2..-lifx-12
0= (x+-C;)(x-2)
X :::-0 Or x=2
:. The pOinf.s are (6,12) cvrJ (2, J./)
x~-3i3fl
18.
n+ercep+
-6:1
x-I :1
2
0 :r1/'3~ -'I(/)(-~)
2.
-18 ;:.X
:. the x
b)~-
x '+ ~ t- 2 = 20
X2f/Py-/:
, X:=
= 20
s:
0)
20.
x = -3 )
=x(x-t3) (x-I)
X=/
Q..)(-f-b =cxfd
ax=c x s a-
X cc-cr= d- s
x=d-i:>
-a..-c
Exercise 2: The Unit Circle
n:
/. a) '},~'
b),
'?
-1/
If
d)
-I
-1111"
-r-+o=-~
2. a.)
b)
150"
, 514'
,'
330<1 C)
IZ() 0
I, '
-3100
J50
',J. "
\,
"
,_210
3.
.o
b)
/2.5."..
== 3/17'
rt
'"7('
:. c(Jf~"m;naJ ~/e
.!J.Jt
.3
c)
.,'. cu+errn;ntAl Q,nQ/e 2fl\
-/3"..
T
Lf. IJ-)
I 1I
I
= t1i' + "3
2."..
,
c)JI
Mathematics
,
Exercise 2: The Unit Circle (continued)
5, a.)
J. =_1 =P.3 =
8 .
"
'I
,5"
If)
~ '2
.'
+ 8~::(t.. .;:.p ( :: JO
(.-~I~o)
"
b)
'\0
"
t 1)
::_1_
-1
.
~/
~)(::-?
if
.,
va '\
,. P(e) =:(- ~/
2. +('10)
,,'
'41;/
'l. =(2.
I'
(=-'1,
I'
'
c)
-12
"
(-if, -/2)
(-'I) 1. +(-12)
~r=
"'/(pO or
d)
P(e) i:5
circle
2. :. (2-
~1iO
Of)
+he vn;+
~ P(e)={~-/)
,
.'
,'I,
=I
(~3)2.. + J2 =-/
J '2. .: I .
2.+ (~7)2.= I
I-
'l.
/ljj
x? '=
/61
, ,
X '2.+ J 2.
b.
.
.~
& 2-
7.,
25
.~~~
X '2. :I-
l:
I - '~8'T
225
28'1
.1
~;: :!:~
XI
13
/5
/7
:!:':t
I
si oc e the PClit?; /s to ~V4.cI
I,
nr
the poirr/
ca e :: -15
SinCe
j: -R
13
8.
'II
/s /'1
tYva.oIll '
/7
fa/) & :: S ,'n&,
Cose
fan t9 = - ii~
I'
~'t
:: -yz :=-0
-~
.~
:: -z..fi5 ~ -..fi5
"
ta. C = zo-r-
II. s"oce S.: &r

11 :: 7i'- S 2.
3cJ .:: 2-rJ'r .:} r = /~1l':

5 =: Sr
t:U?d'
,If.: "/lr'2,
J
,,
'I
"
\,
'
{!)2
= e(~9
&
= 300
(71'
Ii :: 1!-(7.t;;.)'Z.
(~,,)2.
rtM1.,.~.5
~6
:::;66/. lJcmz, '{a,('~.::(of "\

e"rele,,)
The slice wovld he tzlh [3tJ~t.d']~:'{'

.'. /lrea. qf' fhe s"~e = "I. f
12.. S+udenf~
di",iSi(7n
could exp/~I7:
o-P fhe unif circle
r=: .
how +odelermilJ~/f
+h~n one revolvt-ioY]
/2
va../t/t'S (71
e~ch
o..pproXirna..fe
.::::52
em
C(ua..cln:u?-k/ ~Ie
o...f)a./(7r
ex4.c!
valves.
",
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise ~; The Unit Circle (continued)
" '; 13 501u-l-,-01'/ / :

"
.-1'
()S,"I7,J
'I
'f
'C
Sin
Q.p. :5/l7es
A :: 'S113r.::?
~ir)
~c
L~
S/Q
II:
"7~"17,3'1 '=,(J. 7~55r;

:3
L II::: ~8'.2/" a r 13;. 75'

Ll,
4z.
L. C =18(}-31f-'f8.2/
L.C =rsa -3if-131.7'jC7 =/"/.2/
:::?7 71
C
_ 3
= 3
S'-f'j 1'1. 2/
-:. -S-/17-3-tj'?J. 7i
~:: 3Sin
, S/n
, so/u+;'O(} 2" USIny
s. 31
31
Law oJ!. COS'Ifx>S
32..= '-j2+X 2 - 2(7')6-)
ees 3r
=>
Sin,
3'1
I,,,,
'
X
I
'2.
'0;
15 'Z(K+2)-f
+ 7,. ::: Ita
.'
-I(,.'3Z3)~
X = 5 3/5
0 .: X z ; ('6323)( T
B~ ,-the GUo.arQtic formula...: X =6~3Z3.I
Ii -Vx'2. + 7 = '1
.:: /3/7
C ::: 3Sir),J'i.2/
'17. 71:= 5.315
-28
3 ::k-f'Zkt3'
lk+7=3K+3
x'Z._'=o
= -;
'-/=K
,:\1
or )( = - 3
17.
3 9 {r-3 1.-=--+-7 ;: -.IJ ~ :: Lj

X':: - 3 1 ..
/{-3)1.+-7 ;:;Iii; ;;~
check:
fo,nf,lf:
X=2
#,J::: ; :::;
A'<::
/to -j = (x 2 + ~ x + r ) + 10
n+ B: x::~ ~ j
POI
a.)lIreq.
=}
(bctsfj'"
=: =/ .:
'ct
8(',1)
~('2.)(hetjhf)
- 7
11=l. (3+1)(~):8
~:::(X+3)2+J
.'. ver t- x 1/'5 (- 3,/)

011 = ..1-3) 2.f- (I) 2.;:
2
/3/7
(X'-3)(xt3) ::.0
X
YiO
b) Perimeter : IIBt 13 ('rCD + DA
p.:: -v(2-,,)Z.-f"{3-/)~+/-I- Yr3
P = 2VS+8
3)
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus .Mathematics

1
/8. X v- /6 :: (x'Z.- 'i)(x 'Zf.if)

= (x- i) (X+2) (x 2.+~)'
1'1./2x 2. - 25x + 12 ~cJ
(3 x - f)(~x -3) =0
X
= Y3
or X
= 0/1
\.
"I
Senior 4 Pr&.Calculus
,
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 3:' Special Angles and, the Trigonometric Functions
/. Va.lue~
rea.d.
fh<::.
i7r"'(}('h
un i+ circ;,
a.)};z
,b) -fi
e)-/
b)-fi
'
2
,
d) .:
01'
e"\-..rz
(J) ,- '2
U.
Ar:4 - )
r2 -
12
43
-/
=::
01'-_
13
'2
2'
"I
'
f')-ij
-.3::.. ;;: - /
:/
,
I,
::; Y3
3. a.) (O(I)(-f3)
.33
,.,
% ., -f3/2 = -I3~:;-13 'b) LNS': Sin'% '=!,Z .

l + (05 '"i1' /+ Y,- %.
RHS,-;I-Co~,o/:,/"',-
LJ.o..} O/S:
sil7
'? ",
R HS: I - CO 5 0/3
, Sin 173
5 If
0..) In
foJ)
o =
i . 2;
=.,-Yz - ..fijz -13 .3,
= IT
~
,2 if
l-
-L -7 Sin
13'
Y2
};2. _ I = {j
e :::.f 1.' and
jA
C05 e =!'
o == %
2.
i In
t ho.fh
.s: no/- poss;ble
() ua.d r~171
10. a) In ()uad~t7f .IIIor1Y
~e - 5'fi"
71r
-T>T
C) I tJ (]()a.d ranl- ..llI.
::=
L/1l"
10
b) I
I?
z'
nejahve'
(]l)adranlll and.J1I ~'e:::7%

,
CJ In
",.1..
ff (hoth. pb~ifill(: orj
(}uo..dra.nl- I 9-
2 :
I I
,
~
11I1
I,
(sin e is ~o..+ive, and (,o~,~~'s\

J
aueA.t/ rani
() == ."..
.,
I or N
. //1.,.
I;)7;"
d) L r1 ()uadr()..n f II
z: 211"
pos,h ve)
"
Exercises
Mathematics
Exercise 3: Special Angles and the Trigonometric Functions (continued)
-If
b)
7.
, 2
,,
,
8.
hJ
(I) X 2 :
8X
(2))(3:
9'1f~l/;;:
17"
,j
Sin 5'"/" .: JL
"
20
s:
"
,3t"
J=,2.912.o//P
-3
s:
<V
/'
Co s
/7
:.(XIY)=U;-~)
'3'
,"a) Per/melt'/': 3.6+ 3 6'1 ~23~(}6~/;.
:;; ~2.
'~) A"'~4 ,: ; (1/. 232()6X2:'j12~~)!&t.2c"l
"
II.
H~
:zz:r =
~
X2 +
Y2
X2+(V3)2.
)( 2- :;;
J - 'I?
X'l.:.
9/~
X =-
:t 2
3
Yt~
/4.
=)
Ae.='1.2.'32ofo,
-3y = ~
,Y
=- ~
x ~ 2.' Ij 60 3
X ;;: /
l/ ( I) - 3y = 10 ,
' 5'i
Since
=/
cas
Si(18)()
,
,
,:0 ' 7 x.: !!...{/8:J) =82.5c> ,

2Lj
,I
15.
a"J
e ~O =7 F&J) is
II .
-2~
in Q vo.o(
.'. X
+o.n e .;:.
5,.n<3
COS(9
Y3 .= I .:
-z~ -2ft
-,Ii,
'I
P(e) etll4Ja.ys
(0,
becotrKis
.', sto o ] COS{7=O

().ncl fan e i5 vndefined
I
11
'/'
Mathematics
Exercise 3': Special Angles and the Trigonometric
Exercises
Functions (continued)
/B. ,Itx + 3 :' / +-rx;;

2x+3 :::1+2-Vx+j
x+J
tx+/
2-Y'x-rr
X"+2X4-I=
'I(X+I)
-3:::0
)(2. -2)(
ex -3)(x+I)::()
,.
x = 3 ar x = - /
Che<?K: /
x =,.3 , -(2(3)-1- 3 -= -If == 3

, l+ V3+i-= /fH:=
x ~.,. / 112(-1)+-:5
-vT ::.J
1+ Y-I +-1 :::, 1+ () .::

:.x::30rx:::-/
,I',
J~. '(Z'/O) is a. pOin! Or) 3;<+ l/y.: 0

peJpendiC uJo...r d..is+ance .f2r-om (2"O)
" i=
' '
fo
3)(
'IJ z /
, i5 :
d. :: / 3 (2)
of.
1(0) - / / _ 5
-(32.+
20 H( X)
=-
2)(
x-'1
X-if'r/ercepf:
~9=O
0:: 2xtl
x-'-/
, 0 = 2x i: J
't::::-~
8-inkr~pf:
~ x =0
~ = 2.(0)-1-1
0-,-/
J =:.!...
J.j
12.
,-
- /
5' ~
i~
--4----I
I
--------~-+~~r-~IX
I '
I
I
I
I
I
I
12
,,
Senior 4 Pr~Calculus
Exercise 4: Solving Trigonometric Equations on,a Sp~cified Interval
J. a..) 2 C05 e
C05$ ;::
:0" I 3(POQ
'
d) 2 sio
.;e =ILf/3"
e 1" sin
(2
S/n 19
38. 7" (re/a.-kJ ~/e)
e,';;
O(
,,
210 () 330 a
"
2.. 2 Sit')
,j
e. o +/) ='0
-Yz
"I
30,
e ;0
Sin e = 0 or 2SilH9 r/ =0
<9 z: 0 a /804 3 (, 0 () stoe=
<9
32/
,_
, c) 'jiOJ76) ':''7:; 5fo.n e-6

- / :: ra..n (J
o z: 135 0 or 315"
b) 5 t()J) e +i;:O
1v..n e .: - ~/5
2.
Mathematics
28 -
sino
z:
Sin e (2sin ~ -1)=0

S,. o C) ~O or' Zstr: (9- / =0
<S
,,' '),...:
/2SIn (3,;;
10
21l" .
2 C05$ -=--13
CO) G ~ - i3/2.
51l'
e ::T/~
e=
7"..
'Irr3
,
"
e ~'0/, I 5%
5. Zcos fJtg=O
1/.
"
to.
'-Ices l.e : /
'ic052'$ -I =0
'
(2C05 e -D(lcos e+t)={)

C05
o ,;: Yz
<9 :::
2% I
or(JJS CJ
:::-Y.z
l/%
C058 <.0
krlG
CVld
>0
.: P((})
/t1JIL
13
'"
Exercise
4':
"
t,
Mathematics
Solving Trlqonometrlc
Equations on a Spe'cified Interval (continued)
I'i. @)a.nd.{e)
1'3. Mefhod. , i :Sfuderd-s cotJ/d

,
, recojfJ;ze
AAf 27rr is a.n oid
t'Y\ulfipJe 'Ot tt: MU5 fa...//it?) 0(1
fue 'tfJ~rCVl-ta..J ~Ie ofl11'-.
,
. 1here-Pare
1+;:5 110+
+ o..nd iIs
a.. 'ft>uO..r-M
loco-+ed in
cOord i na:kS
includes coso> s/m,

W5e = S/17 o ~ncl 5'-1'7(9 > cas o.
(d.) ,'S co ('recl S .ric a. II a'?j/e..s
number 0 t
, da+e'yYI;ne.fhe
-fh~ at1Jle
reIJolu'hor)5
/.()r~5
b~ 'd.ivi~in~ 271)- by 21l'. 13 Vz

, rel.lolu+-iot1s would. +O..ke. 9cJU +0
,~\Jad rOJ1 ta..l
see' f!iflo../
I&:..
.,/ "'
"
-Tt-.:;.n,,-!l-~t-----t--
s:
I -
-7 X:. - 3 '
10
5
.: P (e) :::{-3/51
=-
_l//s)
3/S
p({)).
17. (t)(-/) :;- /
oJe no
b2.-Lfa.c(O
opens
10 -
up so a.) 0
;f'1krcepl:5
So
:. B
20 The510 pe trof'Y) (-I, I) fa (0,2)
H =/
"5
liB ha.s e <tooJiO() Y .::; X t 2.
5oIve:{Y"x'2.
(9.::.)(, .2
9x'2.=x+-l
x"l.-X,-2::0
-D(xt-O =0
(x
)(=
2 or
X::-I
~ ~("JIt:J,S'
~le'-'I
.,
AIS)
~eIS'
B~ COfljr(/en+ Ll'S P(c9 + ~l.)

= (r5, -.0/5) r(s-1)-)::(-}s '1~)
a) cas to + 17'1L ) .: "0
I
b)
.,1
Ig. The pw-a.b()/~
_t-.
'\j'7'\
-? r 10
J.-
and. C05
S/nf..
/to ,
1=!..1.J~_'t
l...
-to
a.
'
1'-' '
.' ~8::to
14
cos rne lIa.lvr ~
,y
0+'
Qreo...ier
J ,
(-,,) 2 +(-8)2:/J.
.. Uf'lt'
it')
+r-dn1 mefhod 1
Msl.IJe('
fr vo.l ha..ve
;n fh i>
ie o'PT!-.
'
The(e
k()::u/se
Irrkrlluj
, ' 'He~hod. 2 : Sfudenb CO /J /J
the
~re "f"}CorreJ!+
the ,'rrlerva.I' iryclvdes me Lt.n91e

117,/) wh:c h ,"S where C05 e =s.no
(b) is incorrec] beouise in fIJ e
it) -/er vo. I 'o/~
4 e ~%.. Sine >COS e
(rJ.) is t"n c orreei' beCctll5e ~~.j
ore (-1,0).
Exercises
eo 5 (o
-TJ--) ::: 3/5
,"
Exercise 5: General Solution of Trigonometric

/.
s,'()
, 2. a..)
o :: 72-
3$'::Yz
3e~ 0/3 -(da.kdo.r7jle '
3e s: 1lf3 t 2K.1l') 5 rt- t 21\-rr-
,
-t'ela.+ed anJle
+ 2K 11" .5Jt + 2K11)
~ =' ~h
e =11'
to
k is
where
OJ')
(p
.<J::
s: ()2(9
Lf.
?J
where
'1511'" f 2k17'
3
e ::kfl'"
w he
IS
/J_
V'-II I
nlA::.
':Jet.
i 5 a..n
,'
/I tj
s:
Sine .=iY2.
Ie
in.Je3er.
(,\f)
'
iY}k;je~
~ + 1K1l'
is
11' 2kft
<} + 3
3 +c.tf'J e.::. 0
2; 'Ik;/
U)he(e
if'J1t'fjer.
~ ~ ; + 2J<~ , 21l' + 2J<'ft

t-
COs
2. h), <2,i0(9)
== 13 ,
2
Z
$~.
Equations
o ::;"o/~,-'rela:kd
~jle
(9 =1Y'w +2.~1/")I\~% ~ZK1tJ ~

whet:'e k i S an j n-k~ er.
+ 2k'fJ' '~T2K1l'
I
5. (r+Sine)(j-Cose)
I
" ,5 in <9 .;; -
or
c oS e = I
See (9
'1+e~eA.
W~re
T 'I csc
e + (p :: /l./
'i csc
S'-n e
.= B
(9 :::
YZ
e = ~w - t'elo.:kd OJ?}1e
<9 :: 1i/(JJ -I- 2 k: 11- I 517";/ t 2k11'
s:
Z See e -I- /)
see
'tz + 2.Kfl'
G s:
VI
where
k is a.n ink3er.
8 (S in o - /)(
CSC :: 2-
5in
r ,S
OJ)
'
e = 1Y'3 - relo..W o..Y1j le

e = lo/3 + Zkf1\' L/fl/3 + 2..k-n-
i S ~fl
2J
s: ~
ce s e ;' - Yz
e ~ 30/2. + 2krt o =O+2kfl'

e = 3"0/2. +2K.~ UTi'- where
o + '1.=0
0. 2 see
=0
in~
er.
:. e:;
=0
(9 ::: -!It.
COse = - 2
no sO/Ill-ion
TYz t 2 /(.,.,..co h ere k is

I
i'1le!j
7.
ary
er.
'-Is,'n 2$ -.3:.0
'-I Sin 2 e = 3
Sjn
(9 .=
3;~
io/z
5i (') (9 t
e=
211"/3 , ~'rr/3' 51l'/.;
-1Y''2.;7 , - 2o/~ , - 'f1J'/3 , - 5~
'o/~,
15
Senior 4 Pre-,Calculus
Mathematics
Solutions
Exercise 5: General Solution of Trigonometric
II.
l-21i=-O~21t"J
5t~n e +5 =0
/0.
5 ta.r) e = - 5
e=
3'7r/J.J
I I
coso
fCOS2$'t-
C05'
e rI- /
(continued)
.'
sin 2$
z: ()
fJ=n-
70/tf I.-
Exercises
CoS e::: - /
e=>t
+Of)
Equations
to Cumulative
'9r
"1
I - ~
12 2sin'2..e +sine-/=O
(2Si(l(9- I)(sine +/)':::0
Sin e =~ or Sine = =l
e = 19~51l"4, e
3'1pz
., e :; 1VtR
,~~
3~2.
1'1.80 em .::o.e M ::. d
15 '.
.. r=@ =OYH
l
$=
er
X 2. of 2,/2
11
s:
25 2
X.: 7, '
130 :. e (().~)
e
lto .
y s: 2. 5 - ~ :;: IgeM
325
211'
= 5;. 7'3 rev.

~) Let 0 be -Me oeole of. +he cird a~ let A8 Ix::..
on: s ide of the pet7/t;t!jot7.
The n-,e<A5vre o-P L /JOB:: f/s (360):::, 72' "
"
"
. D'rCl..w
Sir)
b)The a.rtt=tuj
. ., The a..rect
16
"
'
= 32 5 ra.d.ia.n5
revel v+ions:
f).AOB':
of +he
ai'
3~" z:
Iv AB
~
,-
-H?en MB ~ 2 ani
= :5,1'}~ 30
to
1(3.~)2.sin 72 :: 5:506
pen.frA.~uf7 IS
L/'fOi!>
:;:3J{()
{)2
5(55(}~)= 2753 o 2
,
I,
I'
.= 36 ~
.,
,,
Exercise 5: General Solution of Trigonometric Equations

(continued)
,
,
1'1.ax + e =bcx
-c)
ttx -I C :;; b - be
a.x - b')( s: - be - e
x
-,
(fA -
''I
b) ;::- be. - c
x = - be
-e
a-b
,,
I
, ,I
check: 3t Lj
20'X+~==7
2x-y-2z
=/2
3x -.2.z 19
(2) x -2 - 2X + 2z '=-Ifo
,x ,=. 3
I,
::: 7 aI '
3+5 =8./
2(3)- Lt, - 2(- 5) .:/2
,
, v'
,,'
3+ Y :: 7
!j .: Lf
I'
,
I'
'
, ,,
3-z =-8
-5 =Z
'I
,
III'
\,,
17
'I'
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise ~: Graphing Circular Functions
,I
,
Sin
.,.;'
- 3 1f'1
-~
.:'I'"fi
-}
C058
"
- 3"Y'4
-'1u
- ilJ
1 0, 11'"/1 1i'"1z
-Y-rz ' 0 Y-vi J
-1Y2.
-~
YVl
1l)r"
!Iff
3~
Yfi
~/2. b~q
0\
~-
ft
0
~
:"j
57p1
3%
-!/rz
-I
S~"i
31p'2.
-Y-.n
I,
if, a)
b) 2.1/
5 ' 1he~ ,"~(e idenf-icoj
CU?1pliludeJ per/cNi) dtJmct/r) JCV7d r~re.

The eorve wov/d COit'}(!ide if !-he cas.oe eorva Wdll/d vn:1~'Y0
it h()";Z.dfJf~1
sh/Pf uP 1Y":z vl7i-ts fo /-he njhf.
- 3"../"
1
18
-1Yz.
(lndef'.
it'}
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-CalculusMathematics
Exercise 6: Graphing Circular Functions (continued),
b) tr'
,C)
A//
of
vtJ..~()~S
e.xcepf
%,Qr{2K+O:
(210-1) -;
Where k
INh~re
rY/vlfil'lt!5
e er.
);,e I
e) k.".., where
8. x
oOdd ,f?t~t7A./
eI
,'
1. a.) (-2.1/' -3%)u(-%
~)U(3%
211")
b") (-,21l' ,-11) U (0,"")
10 ,S/n
'2
Sine
+ Sin e -'-/
:= 0
s: - /
/I, 0 S
:!-I/~{-/6)
2
Sit} X
,>('~
21l"
~6A''''
Sin e :. r5(P1552813
Sif)
"
e =-
:. No
0"-
2 5~/5 528/3
50/()l-/on
" 12.. Ro Uj h sketch f!ro f' ca..Ic()/o.:br
~ ;: 2 Sin
2(} I-
13. See S:::ii 7' C1J5e
Sin(J - 2.
::
L
ff
5;0 '2$ .,.(1052e =/
co./c o /a..fe, z eruej
Sin 2e -1-(0/6) 2.::: I

S;r}
2{}
5/02<9
5/17
15.
e=
2.".
= ~7
::::t
1'/7
stnce: e i5 ,'r}l!Z; sins;: -V3

.'.est (J : -ff :: - -/Zi
TI
fL{. Ra.diaflS:
Z 11'- +- 2 ~o 1l"" :::::

/80
-I- 't'/7 ::
I-
if".. :::.It) Il'
'fi
"3 T
1800+ 2/, 7" = 20/.7"

:= 3&0" + 20/7" .::5(P/ 7
/6" pre) -=
f(-)::. (-i. - if)
79
Senior 4 Pr8-calculus
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 6: Graphing Circular Functions (continued)

\,oJ i(l()i~""+
17.
10"
/8. So I ul-i dry

3Yl1 + b
A;rp'"
n((YI
x '1. = W '2 + 171. 2 (tztJ)(n)cClS
.', - /8
//~()
= 121- 57 3IP9 75
X '2.
:!: 18
2,."Tb = 2'1
m =-~
PI~~13
'j.
'one: ,
X .:: 30. ab J<rn
f6)
of
b :; 18,
'
b= 30
= -6x +3C,
So/vI/on f-wo:
7re I,'ne pa..5~e5 fht'auyh
(3,18) a.nd (2, 2L/)
II
.H
Sit} JO":; ~ ,
:J = 18 (Y.2.)
cos 3(r.:: /8
X ~
~.::
1
x:=
18(~)
= ..."
~-13
:. {(x)
"
= -~x
f30
'
3-2
0-2
b) +(x) : 2.x
f(f(x)) = ~ f2.x~
lx-z)
~ 2rx~) = ~
~
20
-2
12 ::
T
"
x-Q
x-2
2.)( - 2.x
x- 2.
+ LJ
,,'
\ .
-= 2(~)
'
'
a) +(3) :::2(3) ;::0
+(.P(3):' f(,,)
3~ .;:b
I'
20.
2'-/-18
2-3
IJ=-6x+b
/8 = -18+b
17.
:of
~_
"
I"
,,
Exercises
Mathematics
Exercise 7: Translations
,M
b)
- 6
., 4
-2
-2
r'": -_.r:'-.~..--_
..-;"' ...
.._.- -T', _0_._
:4
:6
:'
0-- ";-.- ... -~. - . __ ..
-6
-4
-2 -20
:2
:4
:6
::::: ::::::::::1: ::::::; :::~ ~ :::::: :~::::::~
,'
c)
"
- 6
- 4
_ .. -' .' .. -. - .....
-2
0
:2
:4
:6
: -2 . ... _.-}' - -... -:, -_... -:', . j _.-.
..... ";--'" _.~-- .. _.. ~.... ..
: -4
_. -- _.o. _. _..
_ .. _. _ .. - _ .. _ .... - _. - .. ~....
- __
b) .
.r.Ii.fL..r:I:.
"
-6
-4
-2
:2
:4
:6 '
'I"Ji~:Lt'I
, ,,
c)
,
II
3. ) rT:~
y'rlT b)
-
... - - - -;- - - -. - -~.. -. -.:. - _ .. ,
-6
-4
- - - _.
.- _ .. -~_ ..... -:- - ... ~-_.

,
,
III
~I
,'
::;IY;::.;
..
--l~l--.
-6
-4
0:2
c)
21
'I'
Exercise 7.: Translations
(continued)
b)
.: ~.a)r!ILl!:I:!i 'IliI!ILll.
. -41 . ., .
-1
-1'
::I:?:?
/.'
~ ;
, I.[-liiLElj:.r!Tl; tFll
5.
c)
o
- 6 - 4
b. ,: :
~ ; ;.. y
L ~ L.. .
1 .. }
7.
-6
:
-4
:
-2
0
; -2
, . - - ";' - - - - . - ~- - - - - . t- -. . ..
:2
,
,4
.
.
:-4
..... _.'.. -- - ..~-.-"'_.
- -... - _. - - ..~-
.:
-'.
8,.
-1- . --.. "
-..;
_.:.
,\1
3<9
6'W
i. a,)
.La i5JJ: 2/113e z: 1, 11

'I '1 ' 't
(;}
{3 T1-
7ft'
12 '/2
' /7J: '
21fT'
151l'
("'2
:-:.
12. ~ J =- ;,J
~.
__
.:
:6
-. - ~.. - _.. -
_ .;
__
9=S/~{X-1}z)+2..
, Ran3e ; (If J ~ 3J
Pe(l
ad ;
2.".
/}rnp/f'lvde:
~(x) ~'3(X~ ~
B (x)
' JJ.
71)1
- .. ;....
-ff
;:!
__
= 31" si ~ X
b)
5il')
:4
""0
limpl/fude : /
,I'j'/till:J:'j!!!i'l!j,
10 ..
:2
Peridd.l: 2~
,6
,
_. - _. -} - - _.. ~.- - - ..
:-2
. .. - -. -l- _...
I<o.nJt .:
-2
_.. - - -;- - -. - -. ~. _. - - _. l- _....
:::.r(x)-I/
"
fa..'7 <9
=- see 2 <9
('/7) 2. + / s: see 1.(9
+aJ') 2 (9- -i- /

23'i7"
I
3' + / :;
2,31i'
Sec2~
lj7
77:" I 12
:; :5ec
2(5}
~
St! C (9
12. DOn,~in
=.:t,,;jjS
'. (x R3
R~ e : lJ J 0
J ~ z~
S,'nee (J-
-7
is
i r"J
1lI, .sec e =
-iii5
7
22
"
Exercises
Mathematics
..
Exercise 7: Translations (continued)

"
il7l-(!I"eepf~dar~.
''I
;:; I t-(1B
ILlI 0' S on
t9 -
/,7\.
(si &-0)
'2..e -
Sin
or Co:s
(C()~
ce
InS
0
"/1
l1r
.. AS
.:
/5.
(SinB -I) ::.0

S,"nB ~ 0
e = 17'"
e -t I)
M5 f)
= 1l'
.
b
(C<J5t9 -0)
'2.19 I- tJ05&
0
"
l(p I
0
{2
x -inj~"'aepfs
+he
eve '-f,3,~,
fh~/l
could .b e .(l(x).:= a. (X-t.2) '7 (x-3)M (x.-.tJ)P

I)
ii)
lIle pcJh~f"t1;'?,
I
,id)
or
of
81"o.:ph.) .~vJ
3 w~ 5 1hct+ +he +'vnc..+ior)' ~fd..,\Iha."~
a. ~ - in-t<:;reepl- o-\!- 8. There
Me 6/')/ r>'7<Jrept:)5~; b," Ilfies~
The:
i)If
GLbove
-\!(x) =-a.,(x+2)Cx-3)(x-'1)
= a(x-fz)
ii) I~ ~'/.)
+hen
8=a.(2)(-3)(~Jf)
.:r
z(X-3) 2(X- 'I) 7.. +her, 8
lii') I4!.(&) .:=()"(X+Z)2(X-3)(X-,/)
a. :::Y3
= a. (2)2.(-3) 'Z.(-'j)
2..
~ a....: Y72
Men 8;::'t:( (2) Z(-3){-r)
=7CL=4
23
'I'
Solutions
Mathematics
to Cumulative
Exercises
Exercise 7,; Translations (continued)
17.
.J
I
I'
, J~.
a..) m = 8
I
't ,
2.
b=O
rn = 3-0 = ~ ~ _ 2
b)
-1
1-/-8
J -8
:',~=2)C
=- -' 2
(X-V"
-8.: -\2.;>< \~
j ~.-2)( + fro
"
I,
20 . .p{x) ;(X+2.)'Z - 3
x + 2 + 2) 2.. - 3 1" i
'i/.~.(
~ = (Xf.lf)
~ :;. X
~ =
24
21-/
+ 8')( + /(" f J '

?- -I 8x t J7
'Z.
Exercise 8: Horizontal and Vertical Stretches
b),
/. fl.)
.IIlr i!l.r.l:: 1f.: 1 11.1[!
2o.)F'lil;'jr: '}ldiUIl,
b)
j"T++l":!.+:,;'.:::~~;;:::,t::::~:::t::::~:::,::::,r:::.:::::t~::,t~:
::f:l:::f::l:::/::F;.::;::;::; :::~::r:f::I::F::i::;:::f:::f::
.,e)
I,
3. a)
Rca.n~:
b)
!:J -
AmplinJek:
J - ~
"
~.~ ~1-3~j:
IJI17
33
~iCAd:
2".
I iffJde : 3
c)
25
,,
Senior 4 P~Calculus Mathematics
Solutions
to Cumulative
Exercises
Exercise 8: Horizontal and Vertical Stretches (continued)
'I. a)
b)
:IUjl;!~n~Ij.!!i.la!,
-I,so.
-IJJt:v. :
u.
)I
.SoI
.1111'1! !1; ij
!!,jl.tj.
c)
,j
,
I,
10.
5.
Hor-i
ZO(l~J
Ye(tiCo..} 6trc+ch b~
ot
3.
"
.Jo.. / s+rt:.Joh
to.c+Or 0 f 3
I-Io(i
fl.
Ult?
-f.lf.inifi.i!:I; 't.l:tHi}:,r'.l.
.!tfl!!.ff.i.fiit .1.,.i,j.i.fjIIU.l-i.
1.
ItJ .
a) f(x) ==(j(tx)
PJj( x) ;:.p (l2 x)
"2./6" +- ClJS '2-18

l: ces 2 2/0
Sin
.:; I
1-(-1)(1.
II.
(sin e -1) (6in 6) -~)=
6in '2(9-
2.
Sin '2(9 -
6/n e +
3 Sin
Jt. =0
f I
y~
=0
(cas eCOj
z19
"Pi
2.
00:>(9
ze-'f3
l: ~
)
2
:::. 0
2
2CtJ5
26
0) (C05e
Co5
=-0
Exercise 8: Horizontal and Vertical Stretches (continued)

,
12.
+ 2(lOse:. 0-
'219 f C()S 2&
Sin
"
13.
+ ,z cas (} :::CJ
2. cas e :: - I
COS (}:-h.
'.
z:
21J f 2 K~' ~1J"+- 2. k1J'-
-:t
..J
J-
.3'
,,
,j
K [, I
I!Jhere
"
I
Domc.t..in
= lx
1>< .t"'T
:,:lJ Iy:
R4~
No+e ,:
33
-1).~6 ,andJ"? ,.t7.3~
v'~1ves (lor- re;u,j'c are
A..f'p Co; i#")")a.fe. '
"
"
: -I
'
-l
: '1
: '1:
2 :
a.nd .'.
Ti[ii!.iOJl~Il[rHII1.
-/I? ~ ~~,
A:::ffy2,
17.
18.
9+ Z/+K:::cJ
K:. - 3cJ
d) /}= "Pi (11(12) '2)
2/).
2.11"
b);;:::
~:.%){ ,
3 ~xlZ..-f7;<-tK:::.O
I~)(=
"f'3
2.1T"
c) /I::;~
(1J'r
o; 'J5K)
~--~~~~--~x == ''I. ~ vl?its
~k.
= ~ (;'1'171-)
2) .::~
/81/'"
A:::
17'1":2-
Ji {~){~~~ fl.,
1k '2.;. /ij(,
K
lor
(Tlf-) .::
211'"
e:
2 :: ~Ij
k=.:t7
since K/cJ,
K:::7
27
".
Exercise 9: ,Symmetry, Reflection's, and Inverses
.. 1.:!4... L.~~
..L.1.ju~?.i.....L.. ~~.. L.f ..L..r..l.ut~..Lu
..+.~+1!+"1"'}"{-:! "+"1" '}"1'" i} "1'-'~--+"
::i:::\:::~::F:l::t::F:l::t;; :::~::j:::f::t::l:::f::;:::f:::~::
1,
a..) P(X)== 3)(-z.

f(-,c).=' 3(- X) '2.
z:
"
I,
:-
f6<)
,.
(;.lIef)
0) f(x) =cas .x.

t-{-x) =-C05 '(-X)
'I: b) f6D :::- 'Ix' z+ 3)(

f.(-x) =- - i(-x) z-r 3(-)f)
= - ix '2 -3x i p(X)
i -f!(x
." ne,+h(;r
,
'37- 'Z.
-= CDS ((J - x) \
+(O):5i~)(
=(DC():j)(
C(J~
'x
+:sino :5;0;;<
::CD5 OctJ5;X
I \ fill
.(1(X)
.:::>
.. ever}
d.).(?~)=-5inx
, +(-x)
= - sin(-x)
=~Sit? (0- x)
,,= -
[sil1
.f(-x) .;:/3(- x)
a l;0.5 X-COS()S,'t!X]
z: -[CO)COS)(
j,{J)SiI7X]
= st X
P6<)
:: -
-F) f(x) -= 7
e) f(x) ;: /3;x J
== ) 3 X
I =< f()(
t'(-x)= 7 ::: P{x)

)
.'. ellery
.', ever}
,',odd
5, a)
i) j
reph.ce
s: X '2
)('2
..~ :5~r'\'1/")"Je+ric.
.fc,. ~-~
28
iiO
x1.+y
2.::
iV) ;< 1. +- x 4;; J
X wi~ (-x)
~ =- (_.)C) '2.
~=
ii) )(=~ '2
...')(\.s
(-)l)':'!J
-)(::
j
'2-
'Z.
.. rvt Sjfl1me+riC
-6 j-a..xi:;
(-X)2+
'2.
=t
')(1.+J2..~J
..
~ ~ 1"11 (YJ
fZ1
eJ.r I(J
y - ().,){i~
(-x) '2. + (-x) <J :::J
x"+x-f.::.:J
,,
S ~ rY') me+,..1 c
To ~ - a.x is
,I
Exercise 9: Symmetry, Reflections, and Inverses (continued)
5. h) Rcp IQCe
,~("~h is
wi-lh \(1), It
(j)
then -Me
thC:re, is no cna..J?(p in,}<,

wIth respeef -Io-H,e x-a..;tiS.
symmetriC!
b. ~)
6)
1 '
-I
-.y
'1\1
fl
0+ s~m met- ria
7. ~)
:J
w;+h
-:J :
-y =z
+'1
Repla.ec
~y
fa eI fhe.t- as i s
f'I1
b) Re p /a.ae
J = - 2.x
'j
5vJ,.fc.h
)(~
X=Yj~2
X-2~1j.
(x-2)'2~j
.. 1-'(;<)
:::.6<-[\1.
x10
,l'
:./ )
Cj a)
+~
t-f
k t('1-)
= -fi -I- 2.
= 1X + 2..
with res ped 1-0 J - COlfS
~,"I-h ' X
J ~ 2. (i~)
j~-2y.-'1
8. +(;<)
md-rla;
:::::1:::::;
::U::t::u::u::t: .:t::;:::~::~:::~::,:::
::U=L
::U::j:::U::!::f";
+:i::;::i::::::;::i:: ~(9
::
...
:
::
":"';"';"
,.::;::::
": .. ";'''!''-:''';'-;- ';"':":"';"';":"':":"
..+..: ~.. ~t~f7l

: ~~t:~~:-~-...:...!
: :
~.. .-l : ~. ~:.. ::~t::

.~.. ~... !...;...
: II : : : : : : : : : : : : ; r
: -1:
.-, j ;.
: ::
:,:,:;r:
~ : , . ~ : , :
::::::::::.::::
;;j;'--,;;j;-'::i;-..:...
b)
..
: : : ; ; ;:
:::..
.. ~.. :.. -;.~..:.. 7:..:7 .._
Ii..l..
i i....i i..
~ ~
..
,,
::
_ ............... _ ..
, ,....
T~f..~+~~~-f!
-:..; ~~..~..~-~
..;..~~~t
..t~~:~~
..:-.~:-.;...;...~...;.-~
..~
/0.
(,t) "
b)
29
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 9: Symmetry, Reflections, and Inverses (continued)

"
II. SecO.:-l
CIJ s 6) ::. - )12e:; /'fJ'i7Iif755/- re/aW ~)e
(}.:: 2.0i + 2Kff'
i5
(;l.n
/2. a)
2. k~ whefe
J.j. /fj f
)
ie(Jer.
i ()
1)
/3.
c)
It./.
C(}S 2(9-
+ sit} 2(9, r 3 sin

1+ 3s/~'e :3
3 stn t9
s.r:
(f .:: (/.
s:
=3
2-
e :: ?t3,:
7'297 +, 2K'i)- 2 fl17
IVhere
(;
K~L
.,
~k1i'-:'
-f
'.
/5. d:: /tJ-2(C') +15 /

Y/'2.f22.
.: /5
is
::
15-15 s: 3i5
5
.,
"
.sin
2 (!J
2 SI/]
&
I,
"
C'ClS' (9
=2(-if-)~
.:; 1-YFii
8/
CdS
.: P(28)
30
s:
11.5
reI
if
Yi% ')
8/-;1
2a = Cds'
2.&
::(19
::: 73-8
BI
- sIn ~<9
2- -
:::
(1)
(p5
81
'L
,,
Exercises
Mathematics
Exercise 9: Symmetry, Reflections, and Inverses . (continued)

,
17. ~)
b)
I~:~NJ.
: ".J:
....~
~
::s: ~ ~
~-
.~
. i i
:1 ... ; .... ; .... ;
.... +.... ~..... ;.-... --~-1-
"
...
~+~t
.. ..f":!:
t1f!f1t
t....t..
t .... ~ .. t..!.... t ....
.
.
"I
..
"
18.
_1_4 :-L-i-J--L-~_j_J
I,
__t_l_j __
:I:~::t:
I:J: Hl~f:;:i::r: f: 1:r
-i--:-i--:-:
X'
'1
is ~ semi - p~rt:ilbol~.
Thi:5
"
1 '
1<1. ~ ==..(y.~./)('I.-3) or
An~
pQ,/'e\.bol~
where
20, !j =
C(.
;5
~'= -2{x-I)(t-~)
o- 4-he
~rr"l)
,
I'
~:= ~6(-/)6(r'3)
arJ ()e/jt:tlive r~a.1 ntJ""1er ..
3) Qn!po.,sses '#!ro().:ih (2/ I~)

.', /~ = a (2-IX2-3)
(1..
(x -i)(x-
Ita =a,(/)(-I)
-/6 ::~
,
'\
1
It'
'I,
.. 3:: - It, (X-/)(X-3)
31
'I'
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 1,0: Graphing Reciprocals
b)
Z.x
Ro..n j e : lJ I J
Dol"Y)a..in:
zero~~
J)(
23
DOfYIC\.in
5.
~ma.i()
(x e
lyl-k;
R~e:
{x I X
Ran:] e :{J'J .;t

'ZeroeS " Y2 '
4 OJ
oao
"
tt)
R3
..
lx e. Re~..J~
lj
IJ-
1-= J!;/,
zeroe.5 : K'/il, K
5b)
-,S
t Inl-e;}c:-rs
..-.;--.~--
:: ::1:::[:: :: .:t ....

Domttin:
l x [. P.~/:5 I y
: Z!J
Iy ~ - J
zeroes " non~
32
J ~ 1<~53
0.
'
~e
I'
~~-';' - .;. - .- -:. - i - ';' -.; - .
R~e:
zeroe : none
- 2.
..
,
,
D:lfYI~f}
~.Ji.()]
y! G7
: :
Y) 11'-,
n eIrl.f.]
or!J2 I J Y f<&thJ
.- -- --1---
Exercises
Mathematics
Exercise 10: Graphing Reciprocals (continued)

"
7.
+<V7 '2.& i:
se e '2.(9-
'I sin e ;;;see e& - 2'
,8. ces
f~
- / f ~SIr) B ,;;;see 'Zt9 -2
is
,Yt
III ,..LL
lor
;Y)
e = O 2527
or 7V
9 .lJ.
,,
- re/o.:/-dd fV?J/e
B s: 3397'3 -I- 2kfl'-
, aua.dr~ f'r'V ,
J/Si'?6J :: - /
Sin (}; ;;;-
9 IQr"J!Z
(9.> CJ
'.(f3tJ5
of
2K1JI
,j
..
~
I,
where )( gI
I
7. Sin
cos
l) f
'2
(f) '2.
1-
CtJ 5
2(9 z: }
Ze =- J
COS
ze
=? /
I.
- ~
o/~
e ::'.!~:' ,
co 'Ze ;;;
CO 5
Since
-C05 {;
"
I:~i IJ G.cJa.dII)
.. ().P~ i()+~j("o..l
N>d.: sec{):-2.
:. a
;;; -:-
'
rr'l1J
jtiP~5 oP ~
j's t\l'1sWer.
1(3
~ I. ;~l/1
311'
b) 57 ;;; x
1F 180
x ;;;/02. toO 11"
II. a,) 2" =L

f1w
If:k)
X ::
2700
or "
'57)1 }gO
'it-
c)-fj'5 =2.
11'"
(J
= ~25.9'"
12. 2 +C{rJ ex: - J.j CdS' /3 = "/ (J ,

fClf}(i..
oJ.. 2 O:Js'Is s: - / ~
d);t 2. 2 fCU? 0( r '-/cas f3 :: - 2.
(j)
1 +an 0( - 'iCdS (3 ;;;1
(add)
J.{ ftVI 0( s: Z
+a..n 0<. -.:.. Yz.
0( ;;; a. Ji63C;;; or: 3.6tJ5
x=
ItJ()
-15301!-
or
- g5)l
tScJ -'V7.f)1
d) -22;r' = )(
11'Iff
I
,,x =-: 3,,/~O()

~'
(J ,
-221)- X I8tJ: - 3'111'
11"
-rr
2. +t:U7 0( + 1 co~ ,B :: - 2
2 -kt.n eX
8 CDs f3 .:: - 0
(Jd~
f3 ;;;.-7'7'
reP. tVJj e : i3:: 17 722 7

i3 z: 2.. Jf /<j er 3.8' ~
33
Exercise 1.,0: Graphing Reciprocals (continued)

)l.-:;'~
/..";~
I
ILl.
~(x) =K .~ horizonl-r::t,j
it,) No so/ul/or?
;,-~.
implies
lin is betweer?
fhl!'
-fh e
X-~
fhe ve.rlex elf /he
~d
.,
\
. I;t
-~
fCif~/q
L..K.!:.tJ
I ," .
b) Oo
fh~
/mplics
50/lIf1on
I/ne pa.ss'e.:;
fhro~h
+},e verl-e;< 0 P fhe

", K =-~
f'CV4.bu let
c) More tha..n one solt.rhoa

OCC('!rs
:, k
It, .
.L
er/~ty wh~re el$e

- ~
or k ~0
::::I:::f:J:::::
::::1::::: :::::1:::::
: : : 0:
:
+l!-'I;I
17. The etua. . f,"on /.5 of Me {lorrY]
+hrolJ~h (3,-')
-Go ::;:.~
J = a.(X+I)(X.:-7).
a- (3-7)
S/nae
-t, = tt(~) (-V
-,
-I't::l.
=}"8
:=
.'.J = ~
34
(X.f;) (x -7) =
~)(
f. - ~
x -~
,--1 pt::t.Sses
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus. Mathematics
,I
Exercise 10: Graphing Reciprocals (continued)
/8. Sin <9 + 2

s: '7 19 (I f
si
f)
<9
.= ()
sinc9CClS'<9-,"
2.
C'os e.)
t?, Cgs,'<9
=0
= CJ
;; -
J2.
1'/. iN)
c)
I,
b)
d)
2.0.
a '2.::.b 2.fC~ - 2hcCdS
ci ~ = /2 z+ ItJ
a '2.=
1+ ---'----00----'
1
a:
'2..
2fi -
'2._
2(/2)(io)CJ?s
(f)
~5
~JjcJ
-=. 2fi - /2a.yz
a = "I' 2'1i - 12tJn
ar: 2 ,.;{,/ - 3tJlf2.
35
"
Mathematics
,
Exercise 11: Graphing Absolute Values

.'
2.
/'
Dom~()
Z x e Rj
t. x E RJ
'Doma..i()
r<a.n{j~; ZJ fj z.oJ
ze ro~,,: Y2.
~r0!Je "/:)!J.? t7]

zeroe s : -/
"
3,
Do(YIo..;n
l'( e 1<3
Do f?'7ctin
;,)
"
z.eraes
5.
"
IJ 'J ~ oj
Ra./1fjt!:
IJIJ 20J
Uroes .z 3,
R~:
,,'
x e R]
0.
I
;.':.. :..; _,;s .:..:..! . .:._
_..: !- - ~_.: ..:. - ~_.: :. - ~ ~ !- _:. - !_..:.1_
.~.~.. :..~.-5.~.:'.... ':..

-!. .! :. .:
-T;-;'-';-';'''-'-;-- Y:j--;':-i--i--;-
:~:~::~: ~:~::~:~: ~:~:: :1:~::~:~:~::~:~:i:~::
:i:~::}:i:{:::::}:~:~::
:;:~::~:;:~:::::}:i:~::
II
-~
..;.-;.
-~
--;-:-~. i --:-. .: ..;..:--;.-~
-.;-.~
- : --;
..
Don'la.i () :
D<l(YIa.in " tx
RCt.I'1~~ :
R~:
'zsroe :
......
-~ - ........- .... - ..~-.-,- - ..,.. ...... ~
"
- f - -.:--} - t --.:--:- ., -1"
7.
~
,.
~.~--.. - .. I
-!- . ~.-.:. f -i" .:-.j..
zeroes
,
-~-.
8.
'
- 9
.3
1-
T;
2.
~:
36
tYI~
l X Ix
:13]
:?o3 -z..eroO: none
. '\... " .......,
~-, " . ....

. . . . . .
'\
:
,
: JJ'
~.. " .... ..

" . ...
...
-~............................ ~
.....-...-.,- -,--,'-.-- ,--r- ..
. ~.. ,...... -,
Domain:
"
ZJ&~3J
2
--:--
If:rUj:[:j:~:~~1:~:
:1:1Ii: ~f
:~:~::~:;:~::1::;:~::~::tit\j:::::~:::l:~
t RJ
,
,
'\
period; :
if
"
Exercise 11: Graphing Absolute Values (continued)
Do(Y)~if'}'
eRJ
: lx
R~e
tJI-~ ~J ~ oj
~('iod
1t-
..
I'
10. a,)
b)!EtHI:'r!ifI[C llct'
-'"
::::rr ::)::1.: ::P:FTTt:
5
'.'
~.:':! '.'
'.' ~.:::.::.'
....
:.::! '.' .....::i.. '.' '.' :.:.::'.- ~ -....:!.' _.~~.' ..... ,:':: '.' ::.:~,l.:.:.:..::.t.. : '.'..,:.:t.:.:....
:.,[...: .....
:.:! .... :
r.-:. :-"-:'1 -!f- '~"':'i.-,

..
'.'
' ;' '1-
-1. k:...,., i~"-:1\-'
";'.i.-..':'~.-.-i:r.-. ,;..~_.~.
t.eroe~
.zervcs :. ., Z
"
:3
Amplifvde
a),L;.r'i'I: 'U1[,1,
: '5
.:
'-~-~~-'-~--f--~--: -.
.:::
RCV)~e:
,
I
.-
----
: .: : .:s ,:
,
,
. ,
,
...........
,..,
'1
..
,
::j:: 1:::t::
l::. L 1:. ~~:: .. 1. -.L -_~.. li...
.. L_
.
-:... :
tx I-"~)(~ 13
,,
,,
~--~. - ~-T
lj 1-2=~: 23
d)
:
.:
::::;5:
--~-.~--+.-:..~.-+.. '-~"~"'i"'~"~--+-.~1+-~--~--+:~
--f'-~'-+-'r"~'-+-'
"j"j"'r"j'+'1'" "j"]'+'["]"1'"
Dom~.tj() :
ROJ)~e;
::
,
'-"--"1---"--'--'
c)
: -s :
-.5
~ :
i--~---~__~__~.__; _
'
h)
:T::::(!:rt: :rtt:t.::j::r:
D:J~()
. I
~J);j
/I. R~t!
: lJI-s
Pcrioi: ~ 17'-
12.
zeroe ~ .-/:t -i /s
t )(/- i ~'X ~ 33
29/-1 ~ j ~ 3J
: :
r :
: :
iJ.H!J~~+HH,
rUIII" +MHF
l),m",.in:tx /-J2!; X:: 3)
ROJ1fje:~~1-2= !J~2j
37
Exercise ~1: Graphing Absolute Values (continued)
13.
sin
L.f
-8co:>
8--~j
-8COS<9
=-1
2()-)
l..J-'iC05
Z(9
'f C05
f 8CtJ5 6f -
2.~
Th('~e ex~ple~
~lX) :: X
(f ;-~
CLJS'O
9(2
=:;
(PS)2.+(OB)2=:1,
PB
1+'06
, BLI + cos e
,
:.
t(x);:/ x-3/t5
0B
:~*~~.;:
s:
= Vz
".
"
tex):-{5x-3 +5[,4 5<'tt,Qfe

'fho..+ sf~fs
P8/
= /1 +o~
/-ClJse
;;!
~3
"
fey')
/-08
;.::
PB
J':I:'.1:
+J ~ t ~(X, J)/j~S
5!: )(
+he
38
f.v ]
't',:rHfi,',
,TIll, JfiJllnr
17,
- 3 = ~~,'+c
-''Y3 = c
+~J
fvn~
(~J
a:f
a:
rdOf
{.31
the I-cas 2.c9~ sit? 2a- /kt7hlv.
2 = a. (2) f e =? 2.;:' ifa..l-c, -3 =a.(/)'Z+c 4'- ,3.:::a..+c

5:: 3a..
J~.
G\.+
PB
Or v5e
S,"n(!)-
IAJ/+h
' M;n;mv~
Pf3(1-0B) = IL&8'" '.:

P8,z,?B
'5,"n c9
a.b~olufe va..lvc
tunc +idh
.: (P8)'Z.:: /-(OB)'2)
CU1d
eve:
[It fW"~bo/~ wilJ,
[;.;~
=0
feu? ~
(;8) (j-08) '_

\- (08)2 -
e.
verlex (~.,S) ]
B = 193I 5~
no so I V+;Of"J
2 .. 5
5;0
(2 cas c9 + S)(2 cas c9 - J)::tJ

1 CLJS<9 +5 .;::0 Qr 2co~<9 -/
'/5.'L PAB
co ()Ie;(, hc;lve fhot:f ~
= -.5
8C<Js G
- Lf CtJj ~
ClJ5
Fl The re are many 3rCLph:; -Hr:d-
2& - 8C0c5c9 .::-/
Lj{/-C()S
J;f)~~
+J .: 5
o/')
ant:! X
/he .$/-("1;> 6e1w~1')
+J ::;.~
'
Exercise 11: Graphing Absolute Values (continued)
/8.
3'
=I
, x'2+,x
+- J = I
x (Xfi)
3+x+1
/9.
T
=X(Xt-J)
Lj+x='){'2.t-x
LJ=x'2.
X =..t 2
=1 2- x
20. So file: l' 3 = 2 -)(

( j = x '2 ~ i)( t 3
:;X 1.. -
2)(
t-4
= 'X'~ - X T t
b 2- 7'4.0 == (-1) ~~-'I("Ou) .::~3 ~0)

+here Ne oo sol vI-ions, The j/n ~
S inee
cbe5
no-!cro~5 the pa.rabQ/ct .
39
Senior 4 Pre-palculus Mathematics
Exercise 12: Practice with Transformations
~) y'erhcaJ :5kel-eh by ~ .paolo~QP '/

a,) v~r+iCt:t1 CtJmpreSSitm byt4. ..f'.r:..olor-~f1
2.
3.
Ii)
vefto;,J
r~.p/ec.f in
OImpreS.5,Qf},
X-e:Ofl5
J{. r;,)vediQ;t,/ 6frek:,h I Shi.pJ. / vnif vp

"
'6) re-P/eol- il']

h) verllc~
Ii)
sffddJ
~or-;z.(}I]~1
X -a..X.ls
I
rePled
,;)
.
X"'U
is
CQrnpr~Ss"or)
5. a.) .5hiH /1J()i'+ k:ff.I v'er+; ca./ .sketch
b) refl/~d
in X-A.)(,- 5 ~~;ff.s ' / /In/Is
'/'
6::>
"f
,W~h;ff 2lJnib r!Jhij verl-ict:J.-/ sIrdd,
b. tV vcrJ.W
b) ved-ICA./
tufl1pre.ssidr?
Shi+f
5 v(1;Bchwn
cO(YJpt"'ess,(}~,-sh'ff,
, " v"j +s up.
7.
: : ~:
......~ !
"
-.-.--~---
!~
-:.---:
-~u.
~
I.
0..-
"
_-;----_
---1......1
..1-..1-
8.
:.:.::.:
..;..
l'
10
:--...
i..-i---:!
! ,.
~ ,
i:..
.--... ~---.--J- ... -_J
:---
:---.
__
,.t
'.,
"
b)
.1
..
...:
: :
'"
-:
: : :
....
J::Ei:fi.I:r, ;lfifj:iI
e . lJ , - / =- j .:d f'erior../: 21t
IJmp/jfvolc:
e)
10. a)
e:
ly 1- / ~J !:- IJ
PeriOd : /j'fJ m p I i-l-l.Id.e: I
40
, ~~:iJJ-2~J~2j
/lmp lifvde: 2
"
,
,
Pcriac.{ : 211'-.
Exercise 12: Practice with Transformations (continued),
10.b)
,-
c.)
"'"
: : : ~: : : 1;
.~~.~.i-~.~-.-.~.~-.. i-~.~--!..:.-~.. ~-i
:j::t:n:~::Tf~:n:l:j::~:q:~::
'
Ra.r'J:Je: ly
12
J ~3)
!:
,I
PO'"; od, .' ",..

I,
II. ~()()
Sin
01')
[-11'j oj
on ((),ff) ,
COS X
(x- 17") 3 ao [77",
00)
,,'
"
12.. 0." k) i~!he ce/)'j.~e

radius =h stnce elrclc IS
+0 the ~ - GUis.
.'. k
= 7- J.,
.y5~ :::3h
h = /2{rD-(7-h)
-2}
~22.+12.
- fj
(~t');re ,'" /sf'tX~)
'3."., ... 15h,= Cj
'7
fY /. 72.
3-if
h=/2h-7+h-Z./
a, k) .::.(;.72, 5 28)
-15
" "
1'1.
/3.
U,rna..in: t~ /-3:
~e
1..9/-3
~Y
= 7'3
=-tJ
Q,m~,(') : l x
R~e
1- 'j .s x
: lJ 1-2.~y ~
~ Iz3
[3
41
'I'
Mathematics
Exercise 1,,2: Practice with Transformations
(continued)
Exercises
,\
'1-'
I
,I
/0,
/5. x- J/2)(:32)(-2
5
17- d.~e/e~fh
.' , 17"r
= (-f) 2-
oP ~
s:
Pj~
5-hu+
r'l.::p'2.
fh fhe tJrctph of.J
up.
ifiF
c ~,211"("
)8
, 211-P
;:
'i-ffji. ,
.=.1fF. P
The3rn.pJo rnee}
()vcd.
they
meeT
'tt 3 point~ ir)

Gv04 3,'~ a.+ -the "r['tin .
n,,,,+ i~ "'l ,t"t<::t/ of Tpoitlls .
.', (e) /s fh~ q,nS~r.
r~.' '1//",- /'I~ = 1Y 125

" 'm::. r:fi25
Y,25
5=
a.f "poinfs ,.a

I. By ~ym~
'c==-t....::;;;;.~r-----"1'----"-7
, '
2
.',(c) is +h<: ansuc:
n=3
"
Di"troeter
0+
circle:; 20011'>7
/I rett of C'/rc/e .: /tJC7 1Jl J M l
Since L B.:: 20 , L 0":: 7'00
Are/:{ ~
shctd eel re(p0r]
ICXJ fi",
I/(J
_ 3Jf.
360 -
42
= he )
M~\t~r1~.1 ': stretc'n. v'~r~ic~/~ I

sh,ff ,t f'ljht I unl'~ ct~ 2 un,fs
,Wfj'r..::
WI
z:
9/ drn
2-
I'
,
Exercises
Exercise 13: Transformations
Mathematics
with Trig Functions

,
2. /1 rnp klvde: 5 ~'lj =5Cf; [f6-tj]
,. Amp }i..fude : S
P(;riod : 11?-
Period. : '1ft
Pha.se 5J,,-f./-:.,,. vn/fs
riJhf'
"I
3 Amplii-ude:3
Period: 1rPha.:5e Shi++;
'
7r
, ,
z}j ,:,3s'-ry,c'l-v.+ 11f~)Jor
'.
Uf,,+S Je-P-I
Y'j
J=
@,
-3 si"l,,[2(x ..
,
I,
4. AYYJpli-lvde: 3
R:(iod : 1t
b=/: I
Siae Cc)rve~' /'10 fh4.se shiff

=
-9 !:J .a,2s/(J(~x) l' 2
~ ,.,3'
,
Cd 5/ne {urJe: PAo..se sh,ff: 1~3 unifs r(f+ '
~ ,9, ~ Zcos [~(x - ~)] -t; 2-
5. Amp/lfude : ~
PeriocA: 4"..
3
I"
,
fa. a.)
c) Solve:' /tf. 5; ~'1.5 Cd 5 (t;./6trf)rI3.
o8= -r.5cos (o./,~t)

I
,,z5
bi P~riod.
12.5
= /2. 5
.:: ;~1l"
Co5
>
(()/~;I) = -()., 177 78
1.=
PO"I); I/(see :jraph)/.JI~/

3.19
fOIi?f B IS ~-I
b -25 +/(.2S- 3JI8)
hatH'S
r=
9. ()2 . Tk s h"p
,-5 5a.-k
;=
23(Pt
o /~ Jrt = /7S''15
t.:= 3. l./8 hV7vri
=
7 Ave(Cl..5e:
7 ,
,g,r 'j.a 2 - 3~,

s 5 Lj i)gllyJ
'-/2 = 13.ljo
2
Pe (' j ad
3~ 5 da...J
zs.c
Ra.r">je: '-/.2 ~ J!::

IlrrrpJ i fude: (3. CJ - '/.2.
Phase
=}
J = -17C()50~~ (-f~2'~t
13.'1
= C; 7
sh;A : 26 da.!J5 rtjhf
43
"
,"
Mathematics
'e.
,
10
=;
II
-26i)
9. 7 ces ~~~ (.t

tJ. 73196 = CcJ5 (-;z;rt;(f _ 2IP))
<J -
131
s:
l37/C;~;
r's:
ft.j
DC
1~5
One' roof
6~-n; ~2V /3 7,-
,'1- 2/ s: /3.
I
with Trig Functions (continued)
Ha.J 2~ /5 c4:J lif6,

' '
.. J = -7- 7 f2O:5
(1'16
I
Exercises
C'2.=a..,ztb2.-2.a..b Cd5C
II 'Z. = <j Z 1-82,- '/.(8)(r).:Qs
6 -24
I(
= -/'11 CQ5
(+-26)
/I. )I~t
f "./t,
=;:.
x = 2.8'-N1
I
c= 8J'I/"
I'
b) ::/
=-;;.
3. 2'1fj7
s:
The" fcrnpe,~l-vr~ re&tch~5 2/ ()on

c) 2./(,' =', ~
fe""pef'a.ivf't'
eo
2'11. 7hi5 ;5
I
4f>ptVX if"1)tdcly
:< ::: 37~/rJ
B1d~s.
'.
f'12
_-.!.
=~
44
1 b) 5
c) 3
112xp-/;:
,-= m2,xp
p
/'1. 0..)
1i'
'/tO
o~ da.j
7 . the fel'"'?pcrQ.tvte w,-/j ,
,rem()..;" Motle 2/ cJ'll/! da..y 2.071'(2/)/-/65)
'i5
C05 C = (j1""t,t.7
C = 6'(},LjfJ5'j3/77
+- 2(P
,da..~ I1t15 "!"he maxrmor
'
d) 2
e) /
_/
d) 352 =
IcJ
1i'"
x =6/~3('
Exercises
Mathematics
with Trig Functions (continued)
a,.
,'
/7
a.)
bj A :::i U5)(20)
1h=a5in{}
Sine=~
.: A::
b
i5b
A=J.bh
5'-'7
~ ; (300).
f 1>(a.5;he)
.::lab5
if)
(J
(n)
2
= 75ff
I~ ~olu+"on I:
I,
9 =(x2.+Bxt/IP)-10
:J z: (x-tLf) Z -/(0
ve(+~x: (-j -It;)

The I, ne y -= - /~ meet 5 fht> f<trcJxJJo.
a.+ vertex'. .'. K ~ - /~
I
le
19 -IX; -I- 2lJ
= I'}
-/i,-23-=3
zYx = 22
-rx :: /1
X = /2/
2!
b) ~~t(x-2)
.~ = 5x (x-2)
().f)a. others 0+ /he tarrY)
where
2 i) lj;:)::'
, (' J.:= x2r8x'

x +fJx =k ~
2.
ze
+he re
/:,2_1/4C-=(}
X2
~8x- k:::,O
aa /Y one roP~
..6~t'lK;:O k-=-/~
i5
=19
11+2
Jot oitoo
=8
z:
.!J;:
/(XU-2)
e R
45
,,
Mathematics
Exercise 14: Trigonometric
Exercises
Identities I
.'
I
t. a.)
b)
CSC <9::: /
Sine
cos 28
= /-
'c) co-A
S//7 28
26) =COS
'2 ~
Sir)
'2.&
SIn 2(9
/-
Sin
t9
2.
a)
sees
b)Sin
=_'/_
= l- COS 2S C) -Iw> le -=
2e
C05(9 .
SliJ 2()
.!:!I
cos -o
/-ClJS 2(9
'cos 2e
-.
3 a..)
s/n8CSCt):
'\:::.1
5int9~
(~/I/d)
c) I - C 5C 261-
=/ - /
5"f12.(;)
I
5 csc X stn
L{. COS X 5eC X ::: / .
L-NS.
L H 5' =~.
=C05 X.~
C1J5X
stn x
-.
- I
-= /
S'-nx
fctn' CJ cor t9 = I .
I
L-If -5 ~sino . CQS <9
(.o5e" sine
I'
z: R.H-5
z:'
co/- S' sir: e = (,()5 f)
= C05C;
L- HS.
sine
=:
Ca5
L.)f-$. =-
s:
case + 2.. ::
CO.5
C058
z: -
'f Sine
Sin(9 :C05()
0 .
2.
2
I
's. -1-\,.-}---;-. --- -' ';'-1---;-'':-- --~
.'
= +a..n e Sine
::::
= -~
= 13/.fl" 2282 ()
)
b)_'_
-C05CJ
ClJ~e
/-co52(9
CO)9
~jl) 2&
COS~
LN 5
46
I.
:: C05 B -co5e:TTI:r -;:::'-::cr: :::..
.. e = '/8 2 o - rClaJed ar:Jle

.e
-26
-.!i.:!!: "51l'
l7-3~,7
'
..0
II a..) :J
sins;:'-fi
RH-5
.,
, ,,
7 '1sint3 + 2(3 =(J
5in~
:: Sine
'.
:: R/-IS.,
CoS9
= RHS.
10. 3
R,.I-/- S .'
8. -frJ.ne C05 e=
15i,,8
"
= /,
:: I
Sine . Sine
CoSB
Si()2~
cose
= R. 1/5
:::
)(
,,
12
Identities I (continued)
a.)
11
"00
.M
/3 .. Sin2e
t (,0528
(- 3/'1 ) 2. f CoS 2-
'cos+e :: I-~"
= "'II"
, C052{}
GJI[
, cos e
cos e ;; '-I7/i.f
, ,
.llir
QK
''i
.:;:! ~'1
, ' 'CO)S >0 ~
c)
= 'J
e :::I
I~.
feU) c9 ::: Sine ,=~,
cose
,-f1;I-j,
.:: ..:..1.. ::;. .:..3
(7
-rr '
'7
/5. 'z COj 2. e, = -v'2 cos s:

. 2 Co) 2. e - vT cas (3 ==- .0.
, CO.5 ~ (Z cas e - Y.2) = 0,
C{)S
p (_~1t) = P
lb. C(}5 X .:: -
= ~5"'"
18. t(L()
~2
T"
-13
I
7fT"
T~.2.K1T',
e:
.:+(t('1))-O
) 'j - m)<
SQlve: c y ~
X2.-m'X'
nee
7;"
=Fz
-2-
'1.'2. +-'1
x'2.+Cj=mx
Si
S::
~(Z)=o
. 20.
or COS <9 ;;:: ~2
t9 - 3.".
~1r)
+ Zk11"
::<
e=0
"
{)n/~ (jne
a
I,.
U J -X1-/
In krchal7.'Je w.rio.bles: X = 'j~ 1

X(~+I):= 3
Xj+-X
+-'1=0
()JJS
ioer ,.~poss/hle,
b 2. - '-Ia.c = 0
rr>l--30=0
fY) = ~ Of
- h , b u-t H >0 :. M.::t,
=:3
X'y=3-.x
j -= 3 -x
X
.. f-Yx)=3-x
X
47
'I'
Mathematics
Identities II
,. ", [. (t + SifJX)( /-s;nx)

" L,/I-S,
l:
Sin
1..
= ~2
see x
.,
2. C052.
,.
. COY
::: COS2 X
X - sin z X ;: / - 2 sin 2 X
5olc,dio/7 l:
~,Jl5: CO 5 2. X + S"f) z: X - 2
,= CtJ,5 2. x
RJI.5
Exercises
See 2x
So/afi"l)
LHS:
.. LHS :::R 1-15
zX
2:
zX
SIt']
:: LH S
/-s/n2X-SIf)~
1- 2 5i
Sir'} 2-
c:
/-2
.511?2X
2.X = R 1/ SI
17
,'
,'3 cos Ze = (l-s/ne)(I+Sine)

R H 5: / - Sin Z ()
'f. (I- See f))(1 r 5CCG)

LII S: 1- See 2,e
.:: COS
2.6)
=- LH5
==
I - (/
t: -ktrtJ
;::;/-J -
26)
e)
far} ~&
.;. R H S
::: .....
/-a.'f?#<9
,5 . Z see 2. X
t-s.o
" " 'RHS'.:", If
2.
z: -f~..r)
Sin)'. +/-;511)
+...,...-'~J
t-sir,
(;. see 2 X -
costX'
~n
= 2 see.
= t-a..n
l X
2X
x)
~/ - co! 2. x '
"
x-
co f
2-X -
Ot 1ztn ")<.) -(J+ co!

I J- -/V,-,7
/-Sif)2x
-= 2
, LIIS:
csc
C()l2. X
= RIIS
2. x
"
~\I
co:> 4 x -
LIIS:
Sin
(Co5 "X-
" = /- 2Si(/-X
Sin 2X ) (CtJ5'lxf
. == (C(}S 2. X - Sin ZX) (I)

::/-S,"1J2;X-Sin2x
= /-2S/T}LX
sin 2X)
8, C5c2e-/
~()IvJ.;"nl:C5C 2 e
LNS:
5;1/ul-,(jrJ 2:
=/?HS
C()S log
erN 1.8
_ s;n
-
C5C ld
LIIS'- / - /
51" '16)
::
CSC 2(9 ,
48
t:(9 = COJ~ :f(1I3
/ - ,51 n le
= CLI.5 2.8
Exercises
Senior 4 Pre-CalculusMathematics
Identities II (continued)
1 see () - I = / + see
-3
See e - / = 2
2 see
+-
()J)d ()
e=I0'1.5
:+
1'6
a JI.) N:
e ::.(}.
'j(J'lfJ re/Q./ed ~/e
e = 2.7367; 58783
IlL
,'
250.50
1/. Sin 28 t C05~e ::: /
12 .
+(,';) '2.::: I
S;i12e
2.~ ..::
1
Sin t9
Sin
7fa..n ()
-re/~+ed tu:[j/e
B ::: 70 5
Si()
= ..Ja.ne
...
~7
=seC()
cas 8 :: - Y3 9 ()1l
,= fr::VJ
10',3 - 6~$
B .,
2-
-3
I-
s:
1'f'XbCf
I~;
e ::! 5
/3
'.
Si,n(} is fos;+ive
e =tJ33?8 + 2k1r
SinC('
+;;"n' e > 0 a..~dCas o > cJ

in a uad ra.,..,+ L ., S.n c9 -= 5
IAJher-e /( /5 an
2.80/8 + Zk.".
/1')
k,J~r.
/3
/:,.
~ 6i()$ -
-13 :; 0
1'-1.2 poss;ble
8
2
Si,nc9 - 'V"3:::
.' ==F3
S;r")$
o z: 11/3
StJ/n. /. L..H5 = see 2f-/
See zf
=ckrt - /
+ 2Kll'
where k
eI
pr'OOf5:
cas
21t;+ ZX-U-
I-co~
2:4
2./.
C4P'f
I
.~
ILl. &:;/uf;on 2.
LHS. :: see 2/_/

see 2. f
~
:::-5/1') 2.f :::R HS
+t:i\.f71..f
5~c 'Z+
~
5in'2.f
Co~~+
"Co'3I'"
-I
::::..
s "Y).z. -t-
:=
R 115
49
Senior 4 Pr~alculus
Mathematics
Solutions
to Cumulative
Exercises
Exercise 15:, Trigonometric
Identities II (continued)
,
15. CA.) 2 25 .::.~ ~;X

180
1i'
~x =
:. X
J8(J
Tt-
'.
c) /25 =~ 9
11
. 180
= 22511'
/80,
3 92 (g CJ1
X .:
b) 2/~
'
d)
21&rr
180
/fJO
.:-L ~
><
If)
5 ~~ 9 x
/80,
X=
/80"
N5
, "
(180) =/2()fI
x=:./.823~
/7. [:( {{x)
5%,
180
c) l/o/3
3m.
d)--.:!i.
=)(
TBO
17"
18. a. L. OJ
5(1
b 'l.-ljaC>O
f{z.)
rex)
'=
3. (180)
V:'
peva.bfl/C(
fhe
,50
+he X-o..Xi:S
'
'=1 X:.
fhe
if')
X::
crOJS~S
2.(2) 2- +- 3(2)-6
2 ts a: zero.'
-2. 3 -t:,
0
tol
ciu.;n
zoo
)(+3 -= 5
X-2
5)( - /rJ
2.
I 0
3 / o
.'. f{x) ~(x-2)(x1.+3)
50
t-wo pla.c.es. .', C
=0
..
!:J - i nfercerf:'
= 135()
opens
~(o.boJ4A,.
.'. !J .: 'Ix + '}'
= 2if() eI,
= x3 - 2x2. t-31. -6
23 -
::ix , .;.'I,
~,
~'O ~ X': '1 (180)

10,
',.3
::=
."..
19 Lef
= 2.(/8/J).:: /5(;0
'
"
l(2x t- 3).,.. 3
~ X f '6 l' 3"
::=
.::
b)
11'- '"
180
, t
= 371099
211'/3
a)-f-:::
l(p.
125 tr
x:::
X =2. /8/7 '
Lf){
:::
=:
= X of 3',
13
1~'1
.'. .f('Y~)=5
s P-'(5) = I~~
" "
I"
Exercises
Mathematics
Exercise 16: Sum and Difference Identities I

"
'
"
t';) ::5jn (~3
'I. ()..)5"t7
.
t-
'
~4{)=~in ~'
~3 5if') 1tj~ .' " :

.::(~2.)(4%),t{I)(~) ~ ~ + J2 ~!6 + Y2
C05 ~~ ~Cd5
'I .
~ 2.
b) coS
(~2.):: Cd5{~3
t;'f)='C(}j~
CdS ~
Lj
,/1
-Sin ~3 s/o ~~,.
=('l'2-)(v'%)-(-4'2.)(oOA).:' ff - 1b s: fZ - tf6
"'""if
c)
+a.n(~z.)::
j"(')(~~tz.)=-~+-.,11; .::..fit-I(;
Co5
(1102)
12. _ ~
L/
-I2-~
'I"
-s.: Z+,\'2&f~
i2.+~,
'-0/
.:=
8 + Lf-fl
I
5. a.)
SinCe
~(d+,8).::';'a.r)(j+~jJ
I,
7' '/
= -2-iJ
1- kr,d iaflf3
andctH- (d t /3) :::_1_---"

.fa.n (d fp)
:. CrJ-!- Qr p).;:: / -Ic;v]d ta.n f3
~d++~f3
51
,"
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 1-6: Sum and Difference Identities I (continued)
, ': 5. b) -kuJ,{ d-B)

,
Sin(c/-/3)'
'
Co5{d-/3) ,
d CtJ'j !3 - co 5 d S/n /3 ~ Ct7sd. cos f3

CPS d. cos f3 + sind s; /3 7- e05d
C05 f3
:= 5if)
sinct
- ~
cosd.
C05 ~
.:: fo..nd - mn f3
It SinG{ S;.., j3
I+. +o.n c{
j3
,
COsd
~r")
COSI3
, to. +a,o 7tt-rZ ::: -/:-aYJ (~3
Ti';,,) = f?A.n 173 1hn ~
'
d:Y3 .,./ = ~ -t} /+13
l-fa.nlt/3,
fCif} 'U/'1 '/- {3(I) j::"-2.-13

"
"::&.!t"2.fj
-2
i3 /f -(3'
cas '15 CdS ~tJ 510 rS(l 5,"0 0tl ~

=' (-o/2)(Y2) - (.rzh)(~)-= 1"2- ~
7 co 5 /05:: CO) (~5o+b(}'9 s:

,
oJ -
Lj
8. d ,'(1 tJu().d
,I',
I,
:5;~d
cOs d
II.
::%.5
s:
if)
Si
-t.~s
QlJo..cA]!
n f3::
-'{Oh,
CtJj'f3 :: ~,
bJ cos ttJ. of f3) = crJ5d CaS f3 - Sine( 5in/3

('l.'Yzs) ('/qa - ('Yz5)(-'IOfi;,)=
I
c) see (d..t (3)
= C05{d 1-j3)
d) since sintti
80
;;;;
102.5
::; ~'1
(3) >0 o..nc;{
C(/5
CifP) o
b) LHS -=
.:::,in t
52
';25
=j> P(d~f3)/5
Srr)
(Jud I.
(f + ~".)
CdS ~1i'~ CdS
z:
5 i o -I:(0) + C<7~
-C05+
"1)
RII5
t s/rr
f (-/)
~1l'
,,
Exercise 16: Sum and Difference Identities I (contlnued)

,
/0. Sit) '2./8
f edj
1/. 1+ f4fJ
t18"
.=
2.
2!(J
(J
/1"
sir)" 21(J~
:::
-.
95' .:
2.(9
+ COS ()
3 ::.0
3.
C05$:=
51f)~
=t
l(I+C05
X)'
1+ cos 'x
/-ms 2 X
. 'sinX (/+co~x)
=
sia
Z. X
',I
"
s.a x (/fC05X)
:: 5i(}X
II
'
I+cos )(
+ Co S X
.,
: LHs
,,
/cosx
Sif),x
::0
/-CdS)("
::. .jinx
,- 5"1)( -;
5/" X +- cos X ,~ I.
CjC X
See x
,
R-Jl-s.I1-.coS)(
,"::a
L H s: sir} x
Set! 6' .:' - 'r'8S
sect9
IT cOSx
- J
5S6."5 or S=3./'ilb
:::0.7227,3. NltP) 55btJ5
1'7.
"
. _t:;;:.
7 ' "
si )(
6l.lll
I
S =0 72.27)
sin ce <9 is I'r}
~~C '1.(9
+- -~
:. 3/~ at'
COY)
'11
'
, - ~.:
o -3){C05 9-t1)=O
('/C()5
Zd).
'17
-- -'y~ ~ 't
12. 4 co 5
'.= See' , 2t:J
'2(9
3'1 ; sea ~t9
'1'1
(i) 'l-
+(1) = sea
l : cas
"
'
ox +cos1..,x
=RHS
Jf) , " .
d ;:/ 2.&2.) - 3{-r~).,.7 I ~ J /'- + 71
lIP P(1ll3) :: (}z ,

I
/5 . csc x - s'r}x
LHS :
;:::fan X see X
/2.
,
I
,11"
==
c'
s;"x
I
I-s,.n%x
+-31...
','
i,4fr?
/fo-3-.f3
-= /~-3-13
2.
2.-1i3
sts:
2.
J&
!,-/r8
-= s:n x
co s+x
=- ~ " x (I
f)
co~ X
+o..r) ><
:1
\ -C()S x)
sec x =RH S
53
Mathematics
Solutions
to Cumulative
Exercises
Exercise ,16: Sum and Difference Identities I (continued)
.: e.
x+J
X-I
(x+ J)(x+~)+ x{x-t)

X2.+ 2)( +1 f-X2.-X'='
2x2.+x
11.a)A hor,zotJk/
+~.::-I
. X+/
+/
= -J(x-t)(x+J)
will ;nf~r,seC+
J.j P ktce~ .
.. 0<' K
-X-z.+-l
=-Xltl
z,
X(3x+J)=-O
X .:: 0 or X = - Y3
I'
bJ 8e. i5~CUl)G\.1
+ofhe circumFerence
:. 8 C .:: 2 1i"-(6) =
1211'
o-P +he'ba.j~
I\
,I .
c) ~~. 2 is pa..r+ o-P a. ctrc Ie with (!"rc(/~{bre/?ce

:. ReNex < CAB ::::/21l' X 3~O :: 2/(P 0
2.O7l'
::::ILf'lu
: d) The are. of' Fig. 2 /s Me
Same ~ 5
/he .5vrfa..ce
of. fhe cone.
Ar~.::
"I
54
ot fhecone.
201l'
.:
.'. L tAB
b)A hor/~ol'1..f~/ //nea.+ J = I( w/II

in+ers<:cf fhe JI"qph in 2 P la.a:s.
.. e,"+ner k ~0 Or k =- J
3x2t-x==O
I,
//ne?/.+ !J.:::k
M,e !}rap h in
2/(0
31PO
x n- (/0) z ;
6(}~
&{.re~
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus. Mathematics
1'1
Exercise 17: Sum and Difference Identities II

,
,
I, co s (~;
-t
o)
ClJs~ - sin 1f3 si()(3

:;: JZCO~9 - ~2 6/11<9
z:
C05 ~
= C056) -'13 Sine

2
'
3 . see (~'1 + e)-- -co-s--,(r-'"I'I-+e-:"0
I
Z. 14..17(&-
/I
~. ~ sit')
(+- ~2.) = - QJS I:
LHS: .:: Sin
.::(~) c-as o -
::
s:
Y-rr
fo..n 6) fa/} ~
=-lane -~
.:Y3 kn6J-1
l~ -to.n$ (Yi3) . + +a.r, 6)
015 ~
-Cd.)/-.5if](~
(0) - cas f {lj

-(,05 f- ::= RIIS
s: S/fJ-f
I
%)~ ta.ne -fan %
I'
,I
str: 9-
-rz
I,
55
Senior 4 Pre-,Calculus Mathematics

,
Exercise 17: Sum and Difference Identities II (continued)
8. fo..n
LH5: ::
(S -I- ~'/)
~)=J
.,
_;a.n e -faT) .3~ '\
,to..n S + .Ja.n f'V'-/
It T..t-a.r, e ftlJ? 3~
far) 1171
/- ffA.n 9
'
- .J-t:if/(S -
=. +~n <9 -I- /. _ [-k:...ne -(-I)')=:. fa/) (;)+/ - -hAh{9 -}-/

l
==
>
\j+ fa..r} $(-/))
fa.n <9
= 0 f-
/-1-a..ne
o,.j~;"()G\.1
1-+CJ..nt3
RH5
''I
1- +a.n
"
.,
sk.iement i~ ~lse
l
I,
1 sin Cd -I- 8) +- St'n(d.

LHS : Sif1d. Co5(3
= 2 sind
-{3) ::. 2
f-c05
sind CoS f3
d Sin/3';' :)/'n;;I C05,8 -case!
s/a/3'
cas f3 ':: RH5
'
I
10
C05 (X+J)
LJlS . (CO) x
= COj
C05{X-J)=C05 /f-Slf7Y'
C05J- sif)J< .5ii)(coSX
/2 .
1.
LIIS: CO-/(dfP)"::
J :: RII5
co5d:; I ~ -tNJc/ =
_;2
-h:v,
-/z;, - 3
-t,3
'2..0
-I"
20
56
~)
-h.np
-laJ?d + An8
f3
= /- (cftc! ~)-=
c;;:ra: + ~
I
fJ
"
C<#r/co/r/-I
c~ cof(3
---;-..:...'
.,..-.:..~
",cCJI- f( rcqfd
"
, 'cola CPt 8'
1+kl7d kf3
::.
-'111 -15
%0
--=;.:,.-
l : 3",w
,1
1- +tU7d~f3
I
+a.n (d-F3) .::fa/JcI-
:=. '1- ~
~ -Ir:tnd .,.t-al?
"
----,----,,--
; -rn.;;{d tp)
2.
X - Sir) z.
=
/+(-/~
tdcl'eo-tp-/
col- J + ctl-p
) -(j -Co s X) sin ~

,
J
COSZX sIny- Sil?Y -}-ClJ5z,x ~/'rJ) , , _",,_,_1
- COS 2 X (f -:5'-1') 2
....;C05
fl. e.o+(dt/3)=
c05.J 1-Sinx~if1j)
'X C052.j - 5i,,' X S;r') ~
:: CO':)2. X -
'
CrHei co-/- P-'/
CIJf Ii + eo-l C('
=: RHS
'~
,
Exercise 17: Sum and Difference Identities II (continued)

.
,
/3. Poss;hle
tA..) Sin
= c(Js(f- ~2..)"
,C)RHS
50JutiO(}5 -Rore do
exisi.
as
, ;: c051(o)-fs,17(f
(f+.51J2. ')
,'
= CQs/ C05~ + ,511'}1S/n %
f =- C(J5 (-f - ~)'
Ore
"
, ;: 5,'n
.
,
)(/)
'II
== L'J.IS
.
.,
'
,
"
1'1 Zstn Z e - 5 S;~(J - 3 ::.0 '

(2 sin s 0)( stn 6J- 3) =0
2 s in +/ =0 ()f' S/n~ -3:::tJ
-72
j"()~ .::
$.
/5:
,
no ~a/()ho~
'.,
= 0.52 - rela.fecf. M8/e
e :::3."~+ 2k1T'-
5 .:j~
-I- 2,(11'
"
t tI
,,
/~ . :5 Go'; 2t)
:: CdS
6)
3cos '2.(9 - CoSB =a

co s e (3 Cos t9 - I)::=.O
C05<9 =0 or 3C1J5s-J:O
CQs 6)
e =- /. 57
e z: /23)
..
cr("~'
::: 7'3
7/
S()5 ,"
t9 = }. 23) /57; 'to 7~ 5.(J5
18. +a.n3X
+ cpf!J X -= {fanx -I-CdI- X )(kn2.x

= (fa..n><
-I-
2/("
.:;
-~
cu!-,xr ctH- ~)()
cdx ) (f-a.n '2 X - / r: wi
see 2.x (/ - 'in 2 x)::: I
11. L#S: scc+x oo
. C05"z'X
ZX )
= / = RII5
CPS2X
57
'I'
Exercise
Mathematics
1.~:Double
., ': J. t1...)., /'1)
2. a.)
Exercises
Angle Identities
(e + t9)::. sin e (ass 1"si~('05

;:;2 5/n~ C()S,c9
::: cas 2e - 5/0:2e '
C052. o
b) CdS{(;
ClJS
2.e - / +
Cd6
t9) = cost) 07.5e - s /n c9 s /rJ<9

' s: CtJS
b)
C05 2e
.: COS2.c9-(!-co~2e)
.:r
= Cos
~e-st 2. e
2(9 -
':(/-S/'7
Sit?
2(9)
Z(9
-5/0
2(9
J- S/I} 2. 8 - S/n
s: 1- 2 s.o 2. 8
=
z~
==2c(/52e-1
26)
I'
I'
3. ~
2(; .::faY]
+-
t9
-fM e
, l-f(}.J7s ta.178
.=
-hv?t9
'1, -/0./) 120
11
.:
-kv; (2{too:))
.::21M 6(}' = 2(Y3)::
2-13
-= -
lG.
lifYj) 2. -2.
/--k.t}l~(}1
l-fa.o2s
5:
6 ~LHS :' csc 2x - Cdflx

I
"
I,
= 081
::.C(),,[Z(1~/())]=2co51..(10o)'-/ :=2({}.75)2_1=/J8t!5
C05~
'.=0,' J
(052x
, 5in2x
Sif)2x
"
Lx
=2~
x - j/fJ
, .:: /- ( ClJ5 '2.
, 2c05
25
.:::/"'cos 2x
Sin
7.a) 5/iJ2t9:: 2S,'/}t9OJ5S

. -=- 2(f/s)(3/s) "
'2)()
XSif');X
~\I
.:;II
I-C052XT~iI72X
2. (!OS
.:::: Sit")
2. X
J/n){
-I- Sin
2.
2 eo j x 5"OX
.:: 2 5; t7 '2 X
2. C05 X s'-nx
= sin X
c:vsx
= -h:u? X == RII5
s:
'I 25
10 - - 7
25 - Q5
2.-liO
~Jf)(9
=-
C058.::
5;1] 2<9
7
1-
= 2s,'nt9
~Z~VT$~
=-
/Z~
~7
58
Q:15 (!}
1'1
Exercise 18: Double Angle Identities (continued)
1. He-fhod Jt I
In+erscC+ion
~
~ = cas 28 1
II
"
~:!
,'
e:; O2fol
2.8813.'/03
0.02/
/I.
IQ. LH5: (CSC f,)( - cof 2x)(esc 2.xr cofZX)+C'of

.:!
2X
C5C 2 X of- cof2.x

CSC2 X -ctJf1.)< -t eof2x
= CSC 2. X
= C05
(,05 (-&)
(()-~)
;Cd5 ()C()jc9 rSin() s,'n(}
= U)COS B + O(5i/) &)

I.;! ,
= RJlS
::
('05'&
. '. ('05 ~ i5 ~
eV(:1)
.fund-ion.
/2 . j':n (-e) ::.:5/1) (0 -8)

'"',,
/3. S/IJ
2.{) of- CCIS 2 o
= Si()OCO~<9-co50Sine
(-%)? .f.C(}:J 2 o = /
=- (O)C05 C9
'Y,
-:- (I) 5ine
-Sif"}(9
~;n 8,i5
tV1
-t' ('(JS
z: 6) ::: I
CoS 2. <9
even -Puncl-ion.
t)
.=
~9
=Z
COS(}
S;nce
it'}
&va.dranl- 1!L
cos B =~
cdfe
'
C()S(7 _ ~
Sine
/5. LHS
--(3
't
= Zf3-l
-13
=/
--~3
= Y5
5;n.3.x+~3x =(SI'rJXfCdS)(){Sif') 'ZX - sil7X (!~SXt C(I$
sin x r t!tlfX
x)
Sit) )I. T t:tJs,X
=:
5/ . n "l. X -I- ces Z. X -
l : Sin
x ~A"
st X
CtJ5"x
::: RIIS
= 2-13 -0
3
59
Senior 4 Pre:-Calculus Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 18: Double Angle Identities (continued)
= {3
lto fane
l7.cse
B = ~3 + 21<17' J *'/3 of 2K1['LV
here
~3 +- K~
J(
I
it)
,
:iin 79 + 3sins +- 3:: 5,
/~ 3s~i?()
is aJ} in-le(jer f!...[
3~iY}6J
=2
== J
'5;f; c9 =
where k is an /a.f1J~r
Y3
e =(). 33<ifj +!.Ktr-
tJ here
,,
/8. ~) 5if7('Yi-X)
::. .5if] "Y2.

=- (t)ces
2.~()/81+ 2kfr.
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.-
ees X - ces 17z .5,h><

x -(0) st )(
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h) CfJ5 (1h -x) ::ce 11/2 CdS X s ~

= (tJ)C&,j~ -I- (/)
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== Sin X
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== f-I (x)
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b) (if,
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Solutions ,to Cumulative
Exercises
Exercise 19: Exponential
Mathematics
Functions
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Senior 4 Pre-Caleulus Mathematics
Exercise 1'9: Exponential
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bl
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ly b ~aj
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= 5;" 2e
.: 51/]
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13.
Senior 4 Pre-C;alculus Mathematics
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pha'se sh'-fl-:
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63
,"
Exercise 20: Solve Exponential 'Equations

"
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2.231-S=/~
2. ax- IS= 2'1 '
=32
2)(;:25'
5 '
X;!:.
= ,:
tj X :: /0
x ~ 0/2
X ::.
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7'
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ctf'l(X.
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3 -3
+ .3 .=.CJ
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= -J
X .: - 3 Or x
s: J
IT
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3)('- 2 z: It:,
hi) .3)(- 2.
~
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5 (3)(-2.):: i
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'05
z:
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= lU
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t)( ::
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5 ?J
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5 '1...,;-1 = /25
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5 37<, :: 81
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51/;<-7,:. 53
'3.
Exercises
Mathematics
Ii
Exercise 20: Solve Exponential Equations (continued)

.
/Jf.
lS-n
-4
g.
1/
II z, =~2fi2.-l@;)CP5@
11/ =/,/5
-/~r
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17.
18.
I,
w.
65
Senior 4 Pr.calculu8
Mathematics
Exercise 21: Logarithmic
/. b'X::
Functions
=I )(=-lo:Jb~
a) 3.t/:8/~'I.:;ry381
I
b) /6= z4(:? 1z: IOY:2 /~
'OJ,)(:: J
2.
(i;)
c)
'J.; ~
2 ::~Jr(~~ dJ 2 - 3::. JB =j -3:/~z (~

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h~=)(
==>
.,
I~
a)
b} I~ 'i ",1'.:: 3 :? 13 ::." ~
i 9 21 :=, /6
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,
I,
c) lDj ,00-01 =- 2 =1 /(J
3.
'/)(=/(,
, 1>1:;.3
'1x:;"!'2-
(39i<::3'
2'1. ::: I
X=2
')(=-'2
I;
-4
-2
!'J 5 (Js) :-j =7 5~/ ;;.&

'J"fi e =;k
:.
rzJ< .::8
,
, (2J2).)(
Z ;( s: 1041
J3
3" .::,j
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J= ~
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I,
X ;
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23
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2x2= 21/
x'l. = 'i
X=!l
X :.
i"Z
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x .=; 3J-
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-x-rZ=3
5.3
57'::'
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z:
~125
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67
'I'
Senior 4 Pre-Ca,culus
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 21: Logarithmic Functions (continued)
/8.
Iit 'HliHI,!.
HH-"
-,-~-j-n::--i--i-I"-t-r-i-i.:!--!ICJ
2 sit? & co s t9
sit') e {/+ 2 cas e)'=-o
stn &-
s.t1
,e
e = () ar:
=~ 11'-,
21r-
/1- 1..
-I -1-Js:
0
I'
ces (9 = 0
cas e .:=. -Y2

e = ~/
~
II~ ,
2 o. (J(J 5
8= -
9-, ,= t. ae
o Jf'7 J
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68
~ /(J. ~tJ
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Theorems I
,
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bJ';(2.32)==/rJ'I6"1:;~
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s:
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j _~
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r!+-+i':~..for-++++tfr
7. /038 12 .::./,
8 (1/.3)
= 10:18 (223)
IPj 6 2 + h:J8 Z + /038 3

=(). 38333 r (J33333 + ()528J2.
==
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.: /. /7r7t?
3(;, =-IOJ8{f.9);/oyO'{2'L3~
= /~82 T/~2 +k:J83t1ttJ83
=<1.33333 + 033333 + (}'2832+
/72. 33
a. 52832-
69
Senior 4 Pre.!.Calculus Mathematics
I~
Exercise 22,: Logarithmic Theorems I (continued)
1.
6 1= /29~ ~ f = Icy ~
a)
/Z9 (p
b) 5 - 3 =12~5 7' - 3 = 10J ,5 02~

I
i i i i 4 i : i i i i : i : ,
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01 '
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s m
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70
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oon
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-\he S~~
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;
Exercises
Senior '4 Pre-Calculus
Mathematics
Exercise 22: Logarithmic Theorems I (continued)
17. +a..n
e,+ {/f~
fa./) l..
1+ 2 +~ -ze
2.
6ee1..&-U+-sre
+ See 2(9 = 3
2tJ
+c:u?
2.
261):3
z:
2(9
'
()(
=2
~<9
sec''2~ -j
2 see
see
=3
=3
:;::1
2..$ z: 2z~
+?t17 <9 .: / or fa/)
&- : - /
eec e =.fE
.cas o = .!
7~'
tJ ;;:, ~
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+-G'V7
='
= 1tt1, 3~il 5"1 I
1
,
"I
if-
,j
3~ ZS17'/.
I
/t
/f
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7%
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b) Periai .: 2
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71
'I'
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise ~,;3:Logarithmic Theorems II
"z
" ':,t. ~)
5 + ~ z 7 f /~2 6::; ,
,
10j 2, (57.(,)
" .
~ /OJ'
2. 210
b) 110j
.:: IOj
-= ~b 2 of I" b 7- ICtfb 3
~013010 1" o- 8'15/ -~''177/
O.~(,?
10:12 27
IOj 2- ~7f3
;
(q 1iJ " I':J 2 (2.3):/o:J2.
d) IOJ b
= IOJ~, ~6~
(~~)
.::13 ''j~(t'i 3)p~

=13 (5 h:Jb
2 +
=13(/'1821)
= 13 k:J b ]'t.
(!~kfj.
=()~(}7
(-:0 z: ~
I~ 1
Icyb 3)
l'?Jt 3) .::1(5(b'IOKl)f(J.'I17l)
5. F(:t/se
72
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j",b(!});/Ojb(~)
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'I f
2 ~ Yz.
= ''3 1.
,
~ "- - I~o..b
,~
,
Senior 4 Pre-Oalculus Mathematics
Theorems
1.. _, J.
I/I.II 2 2.x+
,
_
1(0
,2 u+2.= 2-1/
2;< t 2. == - 'I
2>< = -~
1, 25 2.x+ J = /25
(5 2) 2)(: I = 53
5 '1xt 2. = 53
'1'1+2.. =3
~x
"
)(
/3.
II (continued)
=. /
-
X zz
/1. 3 -2. = Pc;

I~ 3 (~);;;.-
"I
,12,.
-=j
IOj 2- 32 .::S
" 2.5.:::
C05 2& +Sin2.c9 f 2Sir}f) .:
32
,!
'I
/+2Sine:::Lj
Z 'Sine z: 3
Sin o z:
<;; () ce si n$
/5. a..)
-Y2.'
> ',+~ere
i 5 na
o/ul/olf}.
"
I~b)
,
c)
It, .
73
,,'
Mathematics
Exercise 23: Logarithmic Theorems II (continued)

,"
fa,"1
18. f ( x)
==
17. B
2)< T 3
, jzlx+3
.' Laver se: 'f. :: 2j + 3
, x - 3 :. 2j
. x-3 ,.:::)
2.
:. '.f-I(x).= x~3
1'11II '
2
.-~...~...~...~..~ ,t ~..!-+.+.
20, (x'-I)1..==~
,, '1.'- J
''j.-
= i .3
I ==
3 or
.w ';'"
"';"'!"';"';'" "';'" "';"';"';'" ..; ;..

"';"':"!"';'" 'W:" "'!"'!"':'" .,; ;..,
i -J ==
x= '-I or;<::. - 2
74
..[....;...
,to!"";'.,;,,; -:-'. "'~"':":'" .':-'.':-'.

...!...~"':
,'..:'"
!..+:':'" ...';'..';"_
-3 .
., : .,:
,t,,;,,;,,;, "';"
::!:
::..
"':--!"'!'" ";"':"
II:j::f :1::f~T:fL
Exercises
Solutions 'to Cumulative Exercises
Exercise 24: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations I

,
/. a) II{} 5 X =: Z.
52 ~ X
103
X2
25 :::2
s: 25
;:;
ch~ck: 5 Z
eJJeek: loy
b) I03x 2~ :::2 ,
X 2.
= 25
52.
25 ~ 2
5"
=';25
'2.
TrtJe
= 5
Trv~
,j
c) /03 X
-%
=
=-
/~
~ -'1;3
"cheCK:'
(8 J3
X ::. ,,,
3/
=23
=_1
= I~
(2)1/ -=
(~)-'Y3 ;; /10
/(P
= u (p)-~
6< -h) -1'"1
',/6 = -'Y3
jQ(J ~
/6 == /ro' Trvt'
j~
,
~
I. I
8
,
bv /0:1 X
,
-r ::I
I=-(}
r-v
3. Q.)
::;''1
X~:;:x~
a(l5l1Jer x
c ) I~~
7 I::. X c bee k : Joy 7
)(1
> (J
ad X
10;. <
/6 :: ~
== /h
)( ~2)
c) ~~,(, 2:: X check:
J(P
"" 2
10J ," 2::.~
x
(2
:. 2 True
2z =,x
:= ~
2. tf::;
I'
2.
7'x -= /
X ==y~
Tr-uc
5"
d) 1"132.
(32) 1rs
o..nol of
~I/e.
fhe ~e
::;;
=~
X
22 =X
'/::::x
e),tD{': ~
.', b
"cf"=~
True
X=8'
. 3. b) IOj z X :; 2
che if-: I,
. ,*c):-; .
(x~)~.,.::.,(!~),?Y\,'
X =-()
if
~. K~a.1s
32
'I:: ~
so/vl-,(Jn.
75
Exercise 24: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations I '(continued)
, ",,1. a.) /OJ~ 25

5 '
,5>'
c)
'Sill~e
X ..:; /
b)
i4 ::#,!5
(X Y.,) 'h ::.( -(5) If
IOJ 25 -15
-IOj
I~ 3 x
::>
'3 't c
J~
IOj
~:S
Ii
I
Hethod. 2.
,
'0:1 3;< = 3 '1Y~!/2.
::.()
'1li2.)
Trvr
=I
-2
10J'-"
He+bC1d. lor
IOJ .3 x - 'j 3 '1-1'31'2.':: (J
X ::: 25
0) 5X
t/.:~J
(5'L)5
5. a.) /c;,CJx 15 =: ;
check:
61):;)(
/oj 2 'l/ 'b,le:! 6 6 &X
1'f4(/Clj
= 10
X
I
=x
255
'::>
.s:
10.1 3
=0
X ::.
::;5
X'-2
=0
"...0_ L
V -
~8
'18
o.ec
5,(-2
J,
x = 10:;
IliI,
'1(j
I::. '"
Lja
X ,::: 2
, X ::. tfB
I,
'
chec~
, b IOJ
(x t - if x )
5 I;:
s:
'x '2.-1x
==
.x 2._ 1.Jx -5
o = (1-5) (x+1)
x::-5
-I
l<lj ~ (5'2. - 15)= I
check:
I True
IOj 5 ( -J)'Z. - t(-D)=- I
IOj 5 5::.
IOj
76
5 ( I t 'I) ;:/ IOJ 5 (5)~J

True
J. I"J
3/
2
3- 2x I = 2
=/3-2x
9 - /3- Zx /
+~=
to
3-2x
::: - 2x
-3 :: x
0("
7 =3 - 2- X
-/2 =
-2)(
b=X
Check:
10:13 J 3-2(b) 1= 2
IOj ?> /3-1(-J)/= 2 IOJ 3 l : '1/ 2
/OJ 3 /9/ = 2 ,
Trot:-
True
Exercise 24: Exponential and Logarithmic
8.I, (X+ 2;)I-/OJ X

lo~ (x+ 21) X = 2
10 2 = (X
Equations I (continued)
(2'2)61C = 2-'
21) X
t-
{d. if'~:
/00 ~ ;X'l. f- 21 x
X 2. + 2/ x -I()t)
o~
-v
r :2
X ~
o "" (X+2S)(x-lf)
'"
checK:
=r
25
A=--
ex.j.(O.lleoLl:S
12.
roof
II. ~
I cj
,/T
wit/he
C()fe
J1 e-: ~
u_-o
J
eo '5 2<9 -t ~i a 2<9 ::: I

(0/5)7.. t: sin '28 = /
1'2'5 + 5/17 28 = I
Si n '2. o
Si n
e :: li;S) Since
:::
ClJ5&
5 inB
I
~.::-.:~.:
~t{~
...:.... tt~{
..~:
f-&lI>
oj-
-i
.\
,2.
X ~
~
I
. 0
u~
~:
:)::'::1
I
~
I
~_
I
:
,
t
!--.~.--~....~-..
t-f-~'
-~-:7... ~-.. !-.. ~... ~... ~.... :....
.. ~_._!_ .. ~.--~- . ~.. -:-".
,
..
o- -:
"
=--:~<j
---
"
, , , 01.. 4&.......
,
,
,
,
,
I.
~ !_. ~.~.~ ~. +:
sine c 0 ::P5"r} (): - J.f
== 3/5
- If/5
-.~ : :
'
2.8 ::::1~5
t!::-:_-:
::/ - ii5
sin
cofe
--+--!--++-.!..-+..~~..~-.. !.-+.+--:....!..-.
r I(
'A",::'fij (Il
: l~~R]
R ,
:::l:::;:::;:::rr::i:::: :::;:::l:::;:::r:r:::::::
~rj~(!:
Quo..dN
;17
lx (o}
Domo.,in
: -I
X-i~
.I
13. ~
-6
12)( s:
. .......
" ".......
,
"
...~...:..._! ~ ~... ~
'..
,.
1'1 .
see x cscs
T -fw1X
/.IIS. :. ~
_ 1-I-~2X
/5
- "hV7)(
-=
5ec 2. )(
ftu> x
:: 5ec X
.@!Ex)
., : .\ : '2:
...~ ! ! ~.
"7'..~
~nx
= ~
I
Cd5X
.-l.-
= s('c X Sinx
= see
CO:5
si"X
"
"
"
...~ ~ ~ ~ ~..,7
...~ ~..,! ~ + ~
l :
~ : ~
~ ! ~~
..7~
~"': ~.~"~7
~ ! ~ ~.'7..-:-.
I.
:::1:::i:::l:::rr:r~i
. ., :::;:::i:::i::T:rT:.
,
CSC;<
R.I/)
77
Senior 4 Pr~alculus
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 24: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations I (continued)
l{g.
Ifl.llmp//-/vde:
3
11" ::p b==2'
p~(iod:
hori Z()rrlfA-/ Shiff:
c.(JS ;17~ : 191 letl
Sine : "Y2 Ie PI
ver fiCa.}
5" I v-hof} 2
'3
.Y:: x-2
X .:
,'
~'h;.(J.f : 0
0("
J = 3 Sit)
(2. (X+ 1Ih))
, ,
(J-H,~r answers p(J55;bJ~
uK
20.
f .,
hj\..1!-;
::IOJ/f-
78
yr
X~ -
(2. (x of- %))
~ :. 3C05
"
.3
2J :: 3
,,'l'
Exercises
Mathematics
Exercise 25: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations 1,1

e ,
/. J~2. (X-lf) +/03 2 (x-3) = I

10j 7. (X-t)(X-.3)
=I
,2. IOJ (x+2) -!oJ'f (2x- 3) =0
/0,
2 I =tx-) (x-3)
2 .:: X
2 . 7x
+-/2
check
2x-3
,'
= (x -5)(X- 2)
x::.
X+ 2_) :::(j
'i
o = X 2. 7x +- /0
o
~~ l'2 x - 3/ ~ .
'i" = X + 2.
'/ =
x=2
X + 2
, 2X-3
I,
2x-3=x+2.J.
x :::.5 check
c:,xfI"Me(l()5
roo
3. /OJ 2 X -I- ICJ. 2. (x - 2).= ~
2.
=0
log 2 X (X - 2~
9-2x
2
tJ
1- 210:1 k::j2 (x-I) :. 2

IO:J2. X -/0(j (X-I) = 2
(9-lx)= 0 '
,1,2,E ;:2/ "
(9- 2x)
10j 2 X +- 1~2 (X-2)- /OJ 2.
2. X 2.
.2
2..:)(2
l=x'2.-2x
X '1.
x=3v
-2x
x=-3
exfraneov.$
Y"oot
=/5
IOj
IOj '1.x :::'/crJ /5
4f = /~
/5
x ::: IceJ /5 =9 X ~
10j L/
x ~ I. '153 '1'153
5.
'X-\
=2
oheek
i/
I()J~ X + K:J~'(5xt. ~8):.-2

IOj~
X (5)(- 28)::::. - 2
[77)-2
>(
L.j
3)(Xi- 3)
check
~.
=!
'i'.=: XZ,
, .
o = x z - 'Ix ""f
o -=(x-2)(x ~2)
o= x '2.-'1
o = (x-
'.'Ix-'1=X'2.
~
1- lx
9-2")< -=
'2.
X-I
X(X -2)
'j- 2;<
;:
-::./.'15
/.
/7t()~/.3
O.bo2o~
:=
X (SX -,28)
LJ'1 :::. 5.x '2 - 2 fJx

0= 5.,. 'Z.. 2Bx - ~7
= (Sx-J. 7~)(X-7)
X :r-~)<
X;: 7
e~-h-GU7eov5
Y"oof
&leek
79
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 25: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations II (continued)
.:. 7. 5 2x - 3
=8
5 Zx -3
(OJ
= IOj
(2:x-3) 102 5 ~ I~~

I~ 5
IOj
2", - 3 .:
9()301
O 61897
2x-3
/.2720297
LX .:: i2720217
X ::; 2. I'I',()/ '1'7
X == 2. 15
. 8.
,,3.x ;:: 2 '2.X -3

I~ 0 sx
"
\.
s:
or
hJ 22)(-.3
3x loq (, = (2X-3)~ 2
Ic~r'Z,
10j "
3x:::. (Zx-3)( (J.30/cJ3)
o. 778' /5/3
. 3x :: (2)< - 3) (0 38')
. 3x :0. 772x -//58
2Z8)<
IOJ t 3X .: 10) 2' zx -3 .

3x I, 6 '=(2x- 3) Icy 2
z, f OJ 2 - :3 /~
3){ I~ (p .:
s, 1'1 0 -2)( 'OJ 2 =- -3fOj2

X (3 I~ 6 - 2/o.J 2.) :: - 1~98
X (/1 Z;")- ~ -(). ~()50 ct
x /cy 5'1 =- -
::; ;"/.158
= -()'5197'/87
X ,;. - 0.52
X
X
/~5i
X :: - (). 9tl 3C1j
/33 ::'. lo:J 2 .f (Z-x)

IOj 3 + loy 5
10:) / - /~
= 0 - 1c:J.5
J 5
= -lo
80
52
fiO =
~2..
10j 5
(IOJ 3 f /o(j 5) = ICfl2 r -Z Icy 5

X :::: '?1 2 + 2 IC:75 = J. L/~S
z:
_ _ () .
I 7323<J3e
2 52.-X
to. /OJ J
(J. ~t13t17
-O9(}3d'j
. . x
'/. 3)<'::;
If. IOJ
x?2.
>< /0
==
ItJ YlO
)(h .::/a (10 Y.2 )

X ~ :: ItJ ~2.
X ~ fO
Exercise 25: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations II (continued)
12. /o{ ~ 27::; X

(~) , = 27
(3-1jx = 33
/3./
./'1. hJ2 f.; ItJt? ::.Ij'2. X

lo<j 2 (61) ~ 1,1.X
/()x :: ItJ - 4f
:: 3
-2x
.'O~I~x
x ; O. tJOO J
OJ 1%
= - 'i
51
IOj 2.
s: /~
x::. -~
5'1, ~ X
15.
/03)C-J=I()-'1
3x-/
lb.
=-'/
= -3
X =- -I
3,)(,
~;"e: fi
'f
i/\
QI
-=-7 (O~e=ill'
r(;;~9) "'(CoS~9)5jll~e)
CO~ de;; I- .;I ~i";}&

=:
~j"
=~(~Yff)
I-~(~t '
:"S
81
(~~)
81)
-..sr:
':
I ".
.'. Pl~)'
81
;;!SS8'(
,. 'f
,
..
18.
/1.
2iJ.
~e= .;/~I\e,()e
sto e
= -
f3
2
s,n(;1r} 5in~tr)
C05 (9 == -
'f3
2.
C45~~)CA~7tr9
+ane
= - ,13
2
ta (2.129)
fzv7(557tJ)
81
Senior 4 PrerCalculus
Mathematics
,
Exercise 26: Natural Logarithms
J.
a.)
22/. Jfl
The {jr~p h
h (x) is
be/ween
f?( x) ~,?d .:J{)() s,.oc~ 2, ~ e L 3
(Ill
,,
I,
3.
f(x)
q{x)
Proper+"
v
Do~1")
Ixlx
Ro.(')je
l~}9>()J
X -
inferCept
hone
s: ;()j(.'(cept
Ih,/mph1"'~)
E.'R
~ :::.0
. ..
(xix~ tJ?3
::t::t:1::i:i::U::1::t~: .:t::r:i::!::i::1::ij::t::
H..!+iHf+! fr+H..i..if+
x - iMer cep t
8- intefcept
As rn fa.fe(5)
tt) /f'}
I
~;::o
:; 1.
(x? (X r I)) 2[I n X 3 + In (X.f I)]
:: yz
[3 In X 1- In (X+I)J
;b) In (x-/) (x-t-3)

--IX'l. r 2..
82
none
,yX 3 (x +- t) ';:'In
O.
5.
1.!JIJ > oj.
RQ..()Be ,
_..........................
',::Z::;;4:
"
'2-
19l.J ;>-33
.en
01
,9=0
Ix/x?qJ
{Jlyf:.R3
..
none
to
x:::. 0
}:
= In (X-I)
:: I n (X-I)
la (X-r3) '2. - II? (x'2.+2)Y-z.

+ 2 In (x+3)-Yz. In Cx '2..,. 2)
1-
3 ~j1
-2
9:: -3
f '(x
DO("l')(;li ()
..
~.R3,
(j/3 >oJ
non e
P("o
: -t : : :z : ::
. .
...",
~.--",.-."".""
~ a 1l5
{xl
hex)
(I. /'X ctj
.,
"~
Exercise 26: Natural Logarithms (continued)
~,ene-d'd1x
= /1') 27
-()~jx to .: In 27
-().Olx
=ln27
X == - 3 29 583 to '1
27
~. a.,)~-tJ.(Jlx:
"I
'.
b) e
1(')
(I-X) .:
2)(
3)(
1-)<
Y3
C)
2)(
II? C..yX-I-,1
d) e. lx -I
=.3, .'
(2,'>c-J) In
fi+T ==3
= x
2..x =!
1)(
= <j
X+I
)(=e
= 80 e -o2J;)
-().~
I: 'd)9~ 379
2. "O~Jf~
=: /.3
tJl.j
72
:=
::;~3." ()8r~s
II'
In I - In 2 = -&2.x If')e
3 (J eoifS
- J r)
2. ::: ...CJ'2 Xx
s:
3 J/66 ,yeArS
I
(j:
8 A
== pe,,,f
20t/() ::./O(J{)
In'S
80 e -()2;x
12 :: e -tJ2)<
v
/
-(J2.x
I n "2'
.:: t7 e
~0
= ove
= 8(} (O.5'188)
A.f+er
e=
b) ~ =80e ,-(1.2><
7. ~) ~ == eOe -d2x
O/J
In e 2.)(-/ = In 5
/t'Je==3
:=
e IJ./IJ 1-
2. = e o.tar
I Y) 2 == / r] e (I./IJI
O fo9 3/'"/72 .::.(J'lt/f
b .~3 .!J e~(':5
5,3h+/=SJ/
3,.,+ I
s:
J.j
3n -= 3
n =. J
+ :;:
II. One
possible
~oltJ.J.;o(J:
L H.s. = / - CdS 28
See. 2.~ - /
=-
sin
12. '0:/2 8-12 ~ X

[x i:
Z ')( 23 (2
2x
2.(9
8vz
::2]/2-
Yz.)
13. l'j 5'1 2.5'n 2=X

(5n) x =25,-, 2
{5'7 )]1, :: (51?) 2.
')(.:2
)( ::: 12.
tt4'J 28
::::I-s;" 2~\~~.5
z6'~
~
)\.SI~2<9 )
::: Co 5 2.o
:::f<. H .J.
83
'/'
Exercise 26: Natural Logarithms (continued)
If. 10[}5(3X+0 +/~ 5 (x-3)=3

I~q 5 (3)<+ J) (X- 3) ;: 3' .
5~ == (3:;<+ I )(X -3)
/25 :; 3x 2. -8 X -3
o=
3.x ~ -81< - 128

o ::( 3)1, .J..I') (X-g)
X = -'%)(
X = 8 v" chC"'CJk
fejec+
: i. /oJ ('1~X-~)_, = loy ~(X-5) -/~ X3{X+6,)

"
)( (x+~)) = IOJ '7 .,. 1c:J6(-5~-,3 k~ )( -'/~
, 17.
8 = 3+ l
sin 'l.C!J
~-x
In 5 -():x) In 7 '::(2-X) In t:.
X II") 5 -In 7 + )( In
,,
"
-= (;
\ 18!'''''5)(
7 I-x
'X
(X+b)
;. 21'1 (q - X In'"
X On 5+ II? 7+ In~) =2 In b f~7
I,
5 3if71 X
5. 52c;~
)( = /.03'!
,,'
-I-ha.-I- a rYl<A.ximl.lrYJ (If J = sir) X

occur 5 ~ +- ("PZ ) i). There+'ore we could 5hif2+ -the .(lUt">c+lon
1i'/'2.. oni+:5 +0 the left .tIt.Yle:A J un i+ o(o.vf') +0 fra..t?sla.fe 11,;05 rn...x
+-0 (0 I 0) Th IJ 5 II = II 8 = fP7~ I e = -/ .
11. One so /u-/-ion
84
/5 fo cons,-clef"
Exercise 27: Applications
of the Exponential Function
b)
'/n[
x3.-1 ].:
Il7f(x-;)(X'2.~x+I)7
x'2..f'X+1
X~+x+-I
-= In (X-I)
2. t:t)
5000 = 5(}~ s:
100 = .e 2.1<
''I
in / (}O = A ~2k
b. ItJO = 2K
K =
"
.f/n I()t}
2
r_)
tl.t-
.3. Il= p(/+
n; ,
a) A =
a- ().Off9
5(}O(}
1'J.(J)
, b) /I ==
12
A=
;;:5000 (t dt;7) 12
115 i36. 55 afleA.
c) ~, 5~7CfJ
- 50()()
1rn-c.re5 f e~
et -Her
~ta.r5 ;~ 116;5'/799
~.
50()(l
,
(I +
s: 5(}()(} (;.
10
a /J0912{;~)
.V(I,
121
"
,
aa 7) /20
1/",=J II 5'17- 9fj a.ik;'i1~
/ljCCV
= tI~5'17-9~)
neJ
d)
'
"
p (;+
CJ::9~2(5)
Z(} ()~(/
2// ooo
= P(/ atJ 7) 6tl
2J} tl10 .;:,prl,61,{l7363;J
2#
tJ()C)
, s:
/.5/17363'
P = H13/1p~, t8
is' -#:e in;ho.,l
i()IJes+(YI(!nf
ANtr 20 ~eNs, #len~ will be

POPUIQ.tiufl
&73
will double Q.~+e( 73
j~;
~t!Q.I's.
~~~~~~~~~~~
85
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 27: Applications of the Exponential Function (continued)
" 5. 1/; Pe rf
,
~O(}():;;
'3 =
:3
c:,
tt,) ~ s:
, , 8 = /cJ.e,
WO().e (tJ6)f
.9
eO. tJBT
.tn
::.Q.d8T
2::e
-..en
2.
:::
-. a,Lf1" 287
'1
7/
-0. 11(.<..(Jfi
~ =".~ .i'"?"
= .e5J(
to. c) 5:; I().e J

~a~~2~~
Y
I
e5.e~10
J ::/(),R
oJ::
9 :: 5'(
(-I 8\~
.lnt / -.bt Z
b) Ju - /O.e
K :. In &.9)
T::. /3. 73 ~ca.('s

I
1/ e K J'
287x
e ; (}ii(.
x:!t x
7. P::/le
K-f
:. ,ZJ.ftJtl(}
.::
=155 years
(}rJt?e
:; :: 51:
K
:. //.(/17,/
p:: At'
22
d',d/7f
''11 (}(}d ::. 2Z'dt?tl6' t:1'ClI7~f

IbzI 't '-= (/'. ~ /7;;
t:
=~2
o. (}179
== 3? 93 ~ 1tJ yrJ
,
b) )( - In-lercepl
(J= .3-x
fhere is, no
: -4 :
: -I
:
,
::
:::
I.
~ :
~ :
..........................................................................
10.
,
I
,
I
I
I
I,'
,s j n X
e ~C)(
"
"
"
.,
,',
I
I
co S)C
eec .x
\'1'OO-P: Sir'))C (11.5)(

UIS: C'C X . see X
::: ~i(1){
'3TriX
(106)(
Co.} )i
:: $ i()'2.. X .,. COS 2 X
:. I
86
= RH~
,
I
:::
I
I
X-
inkrcepl:-.
:J - r ~fercepf
.:J .:
!J ::
3-(7
1'1
Exercise 27: Applications
of the Exponential Function (continued)
'OJ 5.,. x IrJ 23
=(/-~)I~~if?
, 10j 5 + )( 10/] 2 3 =- 10J
X Iy f7
X({0:JZ3+lo!j 'I7).=(/~ lj7-/~S)
3.0338 X ==0773/
X :: (1. 32/
b) x (bt, 23 t..&z
=/b- t!7-45)
/3.~)
I.
Note: f(x)
= x;
'
t, .985&
-r-
x - 2. 5 itJ 7
X
= 0 32/
g(x)
=x
; hex)
= xl13
"
J7.
,"
5 SI'n&'- 12
2tI + sI
>
t:t+b
a.b
fit)
= ()
tJ 72'7
t9, :: 38 7/
&z = 5 55tj
(J
2(9
55,'nf9 - /2 (/- s/o 2&) -;-10 =a

/2 sin 2{;} + 5 s/r: e - 2 .: 0
(3 s/n& + 2)(~s/n <9 - /) = ()
S/n &- ::: - ~3 0 ('
5/;"]&
Yt..;
f)R
,,0 .
cos
6f?-= (J25'27
$3 ;:. 2527
(Ji .: 288?
,'./3 87), ,.S5~ (72527,

g
~
=70:;5
~.B8~3
87
Senior 4 P~alculus
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 27: Applications of the Exponential Function (continued)
fJ.
= -far; X .., k.n
a) fM (>(+1!'-)
.'
'f1'-
/-kv> x ~1i's:
b)
+~(X -11)
It:U)
>< t ()
.: tt:V1 X
I - -fet/) x (tJ)
= +()j)
><
fcif)
1?'
/+f~X~1l'
=~
If
d) col-{Ji -Ix)
z:
x - ()
'::
-/4lf)
X
(!(/f,
fPJ? X (fI)
cui
% Cfffx
o;fx,t
::=
-/
arI~
x - (/
c().f )(
= fa/)
-1.
evl-x
'I
;::::-.
-~'x
I -I
.', D j s .no+ e~~l
.,
+an X .
,
20. - 15
X z: 7;< Z 2x3-7x2-15x:;(}
Z. X
3
I .
X (LX z: -7'" - 15) :::(}
x(2x+3){x-5) =0
'2) 5
X =-0 - 3/
I
J I
88
I
oj'
~ I,
I~
Solutions 'to Cumulative
Exercises
Mathematics
Exercise 28: Counting Principles
I. a.)
.r.-
= ~
=: 7
V.
to!
bj (3D .' ,::;(31)(:o)!

(30).'
(31)),'
= 3/
o
d) /t1.'
.../'1
::: I(}' o 7'fIr:
z:
'
21(}
6.' 'l' , V! ~ 32,/

.
,,
2. a)
(K+ 3).'
(K+ 3)(Kf2).'::. kt-3
(K+2).1
I,
I,
(k+2)!
3.
1/.'
z:
zo
(n- 1.).'
n
nZ
(1/ -
.:=
r)
(r: - i)
=: 20
20 =0
- 1/ ~
.: iiI iiiv
I
5 )(n -I- "I) =0
to. /2 II
h ~ 2)
ItJ
[s } 2nJ
1320wo...y5
:::>
no+
/0."
~.
7. tL)~.
rrc
~m.
7.
sa/ad
3rrf
~.
SC.
dime
.haeJ
g. 1 5.~.-L
~
2
2 ~ 5._..
5 (note: t7 F - 5
Sil)ce
&,
2seer.
/'YI~Je
89
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 28: Counting Principles (continued)
': 9.
4)
::((L)
. ..=.~-I- 0
, 1/. f(x)=
I
fO.
0) -7 (a)ot'{I
X-3
Inve(s<?=
;::12
CJr
tj. 3 . .:L
d,B 8+04
.
==- e, M;f5 Bf;.(
wa.ys
q.= X - 3
x =lJ-3
A _'
.'.
= 240
I
\J 3:; -V 5cJ
(J::::
r:
, ,12. SI() tf X - COJ JfX : S>n '2x -CtJ5

/.. HS. Sin 'Ix - CO:) "IX
,.
-v.
- XfJ)
X ~
13. IoJ2. -fi
'2X
'. C IS +he
a..tlswe(.
:=.;X .
7'~
2 X 1= (22))l3
::: 1(5/17 2X - C(JS :1.x)(s,"r) '2X +-CO$ ~ )

= Sin 2.X - f()5 '2 X .:: R/IS.
1'- MIS:
wa.ys
X F ~3
/u:i~:e)
-1/.,
: I~ 1.
/,(Jj,
O. ~OI()3 -(/OJ3lf2'1
= (j.2fu7Gofp
, RIIS.
1~ 2
I, i e
.:: (). 30103

O. tJ331.J2.i
'j.(J()~~
.:
LH5
/~. 'I {l05 2(9 '- 7C05 & - 2 =o

('IctJ"j (91-;) (cos e - 2)
:< ()
C(}5 (9
n(/
Yi CfJ5 c9 ;; 2
SP/ul-io~ ../I
.::-
~ = /3181
6)
17 5
25
1'z .::
50 e:-a .(}t(r
50e - o.(}1./ T
e -(J.(Jl/T
k /-~
2 :;; -(j()rr
-..bn. 2 ~ T
-(}(FI
90
= / 7 3
~et;;t,("5
rela..kel any/('"
= /.8235.1 7'.~5e;7
f R Hj1
Exercis'e 28: Counting Principles (continued)
/1
p ~ Po e
- K II
20
. ::.:.::
: : ....
..~...;..
~.~..~..:.-:..~.~I:..~.+.
~.~..~..~..:.";,-";..~..
:
"r"
:::::::
--,
, , , ,
~::::::::
",,","',",-',-""'--""-'
3e -K(!)
08785785 =.e -I<,
-+. . +.+.+.~..~..~"r ! -+-+:+ "1"1"!" ~.. r' "r"
bz (}87858 :: -K
i.;.; ..
8'1 :: /0/
'or'
,......
..,
..,- .
:::::::
t-
--,._.,.
- .--
: -~ : : : -,I : ::
:::?:::;':
........................
...._
)u.~...~...~...~._~
,..i..~:!..;..~:..;..~
..i ..
()./2'/ ~5 = k
b) P = JO/. 3e
~ /0/.
, p:::
-tJ/2'1lf5(2)
3e
-t1258'j
78.,19 K Po...
I 11.1 ,
91
I~
,
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 29: Permutation with Repetitions and Restrictions
I a)
A
"
3.121
// .'
(ed.
I:)lo(
.,.'
~reeo
;:' /0032tJO
")
p.,
3'2'2''11
II.'
2.1 .,.2 .' .,.3.',
It .
2.
~
b)
= 33t,O
8.'
.::t, 9 3<10
'f(
~ello.J
I'
5. 2".
I~(
I'
.:: 2~ 3. 1tJ. :3 p/a.-ks
z.
2~ ./Cl./~. It)
leHel feller diJ'f d{J,:I.""'d-:"{J-''I--
(J757~OOO)
~
(P.a) 5'5-5
::/25
h)fhc#
wi-u, 5.
~usfsh.(IAJ/fh/clt'
Th;~
3 rJ,clend
D
:J"Jes 35 / = I 5 o..rrc;n:?,rrle,rb.
,
7. !ImCll?d~ cvd dnq, Can be -lied ..fo(jelher- II? 2 (', :!:'2'~y5

The 'i obJecl-5 Ca.T?'be arrall!Jed Ii? ~.' .: 27' "ua..Y5 "
'
This le~d => tu 2 2'1 = fg permu.fa.ho17s.
: 5.' -=
120
i8
120 - i8
.::72
Wa.Jj5
'/. a,) Eo..ch couple aio be -heal .fo(}efhtY in Z wa.Y5.

the r oovplt?5 atn be 5ea:Jeri /n r.' ways.
1h i,:) {e~rA.5 -to: 2 'I. .t;.' = 38~ WOJj s.
92
I~
Exercises
Exercise 29: Permutation with Repetitions and Restrictions (continued)

"
7. b) --Jhe lef-!- ha..rxlsB:t-t
Cla-t? he occcJpre:i
Mathematics
.'
bye/lhe'l- a.. rna.r
.'
(Jr .WOma./) .
oarr he Sea-led lr;
The vJo~n
The
1hi 5
10
L.j
men can he ~-led

lca..c{:5 -tQ 2.. ~.'. ~.'
E'5
'I.; ; .'
and
3N,IS
35 wa..ys.
==
eCV?
irJ
z:
be
L./I.,J.
1Q? x = 10
00'0 x ;10
,'
c::(re
;"1"7
3ioIher wafs,
-Ian 'Ix
see
I,
~x-
= 1-1-2
'2x)
f}t?I?7'
fCl
a.
M fZX
I
('st"c
.>f -~I'7~~x)
,
,
2 ,-hu?2 ,Ix) (j )
::: / -I 2 rnl7 2 x , .:::R
(/
'I
1-t:U? ~)<
=(; f .f.a.o,zx t--kn ~)(XI1-"1
Is."
,,
=(StC '2x';' ~
13. I~ /tKJ 10 = )(
"
/152 arrCV?Jernerl
4fr~ed
f,x
I'"
i w'a.ys.
7hu5 > -/here

12. see
1.1 wa.y.5.
h::tn
.x -
k/?IZ
x)
fl
S.
Zx = J
x ;. Y2
93
"
.,'
Mathematics
Exercise 29: Permutation with R'epetitions and Restrictions (continued)
1'11I
,11. (x-/)(x+/)(x-1)~-2)
II,
t.
:::(x'2-/)(x~ ~)(x-2)
:; eX 3 - 2 x z -x r2)(x-~)
= X ~ - 2X'3
- X'Lj-2x
;: X 'I - ~ X 3 +- ~
=
94
2x
-~ x.3~~
x -. 1
i - 5x 3. of- 5x -
x- J
Exercises
,
,
Exercises
Mathematics
Exercise 30: Permutations
n' _
"
0,(,')-1)(,,-2).'
cn:n -r, .. (")-2)~
L. ,a) n
f'} - /
'
'q
n (n-I){" -2){" -5).1

"
,
.fJ -3).1
-I) {n-f).L
f') ("
(n-2).1
II'
, =-
I)
(n '-I) (1?-2)
nCf')-1)
, .
0;':
1 .2. -2 .~. _'I L

B
3&
z:
B'S, '
5, 1/lP.5 =
10.'.:; 302ft)
5.'
IV
". Enkl' 1u.A.y5. F/rs:1
Wa."I5
"~ ,oerso o
o(
~-2~2~
Js+ 2rxi 3(4 'lfh 5th =
3(},
Zl/O
leaves.I / I') 9
I
s Second &ve 5
in 8 (;I..}Q..y5
ways
'
vI] .
8.
Gt.)
'/. tL)
b")
f!)
r;ec
x ~
3 . 2.
oOT
,,':: 3 3~ wa.~S
+rtn'
r. /
Q.
~'.J.. ~ . 5
l:.~2;
= ''2 (A}a.l/5
.'
h'" I. 2. / /
2.1&8 -odc(-'jf
.I,
'
I.
=- 168'tJ WOrds IJ
== 2/t)
.. .~. ~. L ;;:./8::J
Nr>I-R
I.
wa-ys
,}
ocfZJ -o;g
. 'Ix ~x 8 :::1,~8
Sfudeof
7. 8 x
"wordslJ
((lA.XJrd,5l)
95
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 3'0: Permutations (continued)
I-s made (./(5/y 1M J 3 0tJtof 8 Gt Va.;Ja..b Ie obrJeo/-s.. 3 P8 doe s no-!:- Yhq,K c 'set? S e
S inee' i-l-is irnpo5sjb~
-Iv arra.r:Je 80qjeefs
;.(2.
on
3 are ~I'b.hle.
': ItJ. 8 p 3
,'5
!he nomber of
'at'I'"ar1Cjemen
II Since -/
f:.
+hu s fh e
12. 5
-I
cos
X ~ J ) we
r~3e
(JC}t7
elude tha.f
f -9(x) =- C05~)(
2tJ :: fo.n
= 5/n
/'/. l'Jb
79 s/ ~
2(9 -
:::.+a..n
'Y'n
b n == X '
x:::.b
00628
2<9 sin 2e
n =: ~~
.:: R. H-S
15. f-{x)':;c-X /5 -Ihejra.ph

, ot' J.:=e)( .p/,'pped Ik
.~-~x~:.s
j
cx
(;<).: -
tc .
,",0]
,'-j
Jraph of
.~
=ex : R~e((J,
!J -jnT
t (x) ::e -x
=322
2:x ::; 8.
2)(
22
h 25
:: 5 +
25
0)
==-
/1')
X ::; 5
j(x): - eX .' R~{-~
96
2x-5
or 2 x - 5
: Ra.t7je (~ 00)
J -ini
(2x - S),t,z e :=-Lln 25
X .:: ~.//
ce)
8-in+
e2x-5
= 25
.Pnz. .e 2x - 5 = ~ 2.5
,!J = eX f,iffO:! ,~1Ix!J-&V<i5

:}
anj IrJx h:: :
Sin 2~ {/ -(OJ '2(3)
'
'2.
C'ljl fJ 'In =
b"'f)=b'
'-If) ;: I
~/n '2<9 CtJ528
(!,OS 2(9
X'; n
'2
5in2.e
'2.<9
(](J6
I,
1.J.
[0)
;5
e~.5 ~x ~ I
=: ~
\ 13. +CAn '2.(j -;J in

LIIS =: 5il'J':/.e
(}.:=.
R::!
rl'n
2.
if11
25
Exercise 30: Permutations (continued)
17.
,
,
18 IP :::,"n X = Y2.
;; B .:
51/'" -
.
,
t
0 L. X ~ 1?)
i."..
11'" .:
~ C; 0
48 :: 2."...
3
"
: : : ::
fl. ":'::':":":":--:
::
I::
'"
"
.: .. :.4 .. ~t
('1"j"j" ..[..t..
::U:H:T):}T2:(t.rrrr:IF
,
.'
'Q'
,.
: : :..-;-: .~
-~ : : . :
:::: ~..~~:
..~
..~- .~
..:-.~...-~.~.~.
..
""
.~.,~~
.
.:. -:..
'
::;::t:j::j::j::j::j::t:r ::U:j::j::j::j:: ))::

.. ~. a:.. ~.. -:.. ~. - ~-.
o
i~
~:~
.-~
--:..
~.~..~.-i-._.
~-~.-
I.
.,
"
"
"
'.
-~---::~--r-'1-
~= k
rnv + p~5S thr7J1

the ver-k -;. of the po..(etbola.
(The' line
:.~;~
tz,
(lte(5ecf- in (;~o.c+~ -Ihrec
flt.>..ce~.)
97
Mathematics
,
Exercise 31: Circular Permutations
= 50JojO ;-w;s
~hi peoplein tt (J.iro/e;(8-1) / .::7.'

b) Ti e Bob + R~ . t03ethC.(' There cue
/. a.)
a.(fa.nJe
wo..4s,
Ie\!
Unfie
+ ()(
Bob
Ra.j.
, le-P+)..
R'\j
.,',.
1/'
8 p so,
7,
()OW
circle" tn.s can be dOl(e
in a.
fOv
/n (7- /).'
-f 0
=- 6 /
=720
They c~ sl! ,'f) 2 tMC::Ys'( Bob

720 x 2 =: (~~() wP-ys. ,
~
,'
2.. Place +he .5 men in a. circle '-9ir s-r'. Th,-s can be d.()r?e /n
(5 -J ).1 .::Lj.' = 2 Lj w'a.
The 5 wo~/)
~"/ I fhe 5pa..,(.es ' ,
between 1hem in 5~ NCJvyS .: /2CJ. .: 2 j X /20 ::'28BCf'
,
Ys '
3.
(OW.::
c,'rc/e
12 ~
z:
II,'
001
eoo
= 31 1/(,
800
l./71
sea..hr~:/ ar(a.nJemeo.fs.
:. The row ha. 3, more
'I
"
'1, F;rS+, pla..ce the
/hen,
diVIde
appears
by
,a.s a
,Ge~(.b if)
o, air-de in (I..j-/)!
2 sin'ce -the b("a.~e/el-"f.facecl
d,'.f.pef'en.f. pef'mv+-a//o/},
3.' wa.ys=-6
z:
Nq,ys.
,
c.lps/ck
dC7IVI'?,
3 hr'()..celel-f,
.:
~
'
\'
-l-o(}e-ll;er, in 3~/.::6 wa..Y:5 a..1'7 a ~/l" ~m

cJOWI? BrtM/ ha.s only 5 ch(7l(;1e 5 Ibr a an.r.
The rema/I?'r:/
5 reap le ehO(/5e ahcllrs Prd
Ih e 6 a ua /k6 /e.
I':
5,Pv~
the 3
(!rief)ds
I?')
.'. 6) 5.x ~ x f'x
'Ix 3)( 2 = 216tltl
Waj5.(NrrIe,
e!Ja/r, ~l?7al/)$
one
"
*..s:..:1.=
~. Case I: 5 FirSf ;
~tJ
(P,80f'
tir:,';
7 3
Tot-a... / 3(,~+6(J
".
Nol
/otJ
== 3~{)
b)~
/ :ends
il')
5:~
Od"f"
'7 -.!..
- 5
o
Case 2 " en's
/17
0: -.f
.i ..:L -L
tJ
98
r20
~ , 5, 'I :::72()
---
~ 5"i
z:
"fI
0('
7. a)
~hJPfy.~
,
O(Cj
Case 2:
= /2 o
Ti1h..1 ,
2.2IJ
Exercises
Exercise 31: Circular Permutations (continued)
or Tofa.1 oa.
cxlcI
(It
Mathematics
.'
';'7
1]0. /J
()
8 3 JiB
if
,-1. 8.:
t/32
~7
11.=8/
o( I
d.'8 i4-
10
==
l!Z.
,523
/:es'S
.. 523 numbers
I
a
I.
7.
a. 3.'2!
tI-,o..n 700
kilt-
no
r{petbtn o~ di~~ts.
.,
~20
z,
5,' "
b) Co..se I: -tif'S+ is 3. $ecorxl. must be i.jo~ 5 .: 2)( 3J .:::Ljt)

Ca.~e2: p, rs f i 5 'I (Jf 5: X ~
;. /2 Cl .. fo-/-.?t/ = '/60
i.
C) ('a..se /: firs+-
Co..se 2.: firs+
j.j
"5
3, ,Je>C(}ry;{ /5 ~ /a.sl- /5' 5:3~/== 'I ~~.

,
i" Jas.J- /.5 5:~
= /0 f,(J()..f S . l~h()rr)J:>IlrS.\ldti/. by5
. 3,' 2.'
10.
End men
ehdSt'rJ
WOMen
-t
$,'
/r)
3!2!
/17
~!
5x 7'= 20
tNQ.9 s
way s .
.'
.,
Th~ ren7l:Vi?10
. ,', 20 x ~,' .:=.
I~ 4f't7t7til.J
me,/T
~ ,'
99
'I'
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 31: Circular Permutatlons (continued)
lie Se(JV 15 f1Y~eri, ~ie /he GUides

+ojethe r Permv/e ~ '(jrovf.5J1 'i ~:
I
Unfie the JrdVpS t:A.ChC..Y?

a(ra.rt8 1heI7lSe/ve5 /17 3.' w~s .'.
~! 3! 3( = 257 Z tl wCfJs
IlJa,'17 f,'e -/hem in Jt"' (lVp;' P/Q..oe
wa..Js
(.
5----
the
"
a..,:)The Clo...:s5
I fl
I,
s=!
.'
e~c.;h
3I 3 I
.
ncJ'rbeffllPt
more
'-17
3.'
r.; U ?2()
-
,I.j
= (Sin
= (I) c.
'2)(
n;til)fs.
f't?
+ CiJ5 Zx)"
= "
=({.H.S.
;\1
e x* 9:.;
'X 2. -x - ~ :::0
11.
RX
'-/ X
'L
2. -
==
'7X - 3 =(J
(2 x - 3) (2)(+1) =0
100
= it
oJ>d)(
=-1
, ..
, ....
... ', ....
_.~.~.':'.~.i
..:..:..~..:.! .:_~.L;..;..:..:..:..;..
,
/6.
u
w'tJS
W(Aj.5"
12. '(s,'Y7 2.)( + C()S 2x) ".::/
..Ll.l.l.;~.LLL.L.. :.~.i..L~.L.Li..L.
j:l:r:U::H::t::r:; .:btU::U::::::::
"r"1"1'+'~"~"!"r"or:! r~1+~
f!..~..~..
WrA-l/S.
tM~o.n~,
'
L. HS
Ther(~ctrt
to plr-tce /17 5!
/!jQ..,"Oj~nfle lhe (jrdUp Me!
2QCj20 - Lf32J) -= 2.1, &O{)
b)TI:ere are
period one h't' fhe
ohf;t,"rs.
:4rQUp5!1
more
wo.y;s
perfY"lJfe
3\
in
Sc(}tJf~
Sit
I/)
CLrt:lW.
,"
Exercise 31: Circular Permutations (continued)
liP. (n +z)(n
,
,8!
fJ)(n) (n-I)(p,<:fj
.J
=-
57 ~
(nri)rn~/)(I]),tn-I)=3'~'6'l'b5'1':Y;'H
{~/e:,
a'8
'We need 't coasecohv
dcJInbers (prom fh~ /eN 6'-cle) who s ~ fadors

are .those on /he njhl-- Try 1-0 Cre&Lfe nIJmber5 arov nd fhe ..fad;,-
1'1 No-he
e fha.+
6 = /8 I Lf x 5=20;
:. 6H2.)(n+I)('n)(n-I);::
2/ 2(} I? 18
/7. (n+D(n)
3)(
7 x 3 = 2/.
.'. 17=/9
== 30 =P 17 e+r; :::.30 .:=> 11 '2..+ n ~ (nr6)(n-5)=O =7~6
(1')-/).'
(n-I).'
S:nCc
' +
/8, S'-n x ::-1 ., x =
j,
~",,6ft?a).= :1""'n((!rJ~;""
(71"11=
n~'
2k17'
fCOS1o ~()
= Sin
X (I) + CfJ5;O)
= Sin
)(
2.1i'- '
I ,-' '
20.
a..)COj (x.,. 2."..)
, b)
5il](O
.:CO,)(
= Sin
-x)
(/ &/5 X -C05(}s/nx
bJ
x
1S;()
()5if)~
+(o)~im'
:: CJJs )(
X
c)s i()(1JZ -x); Sin '% O~
'/. - ~
:: (J)cu~]( -(())
=(O)ctJ'S t + (i) sto
"
2."..
-5,"1})({Q)
=, Ct)C05"
()((;C):>x) -(I) S'"nx
W!) X -r ,5i1 ~ jin
-~/")t~/'J
CJrj(~) .cas to -y.)':: co;cJCt>:Jx
= - :>il) )(
(.');~ (~ _~}=C~ ~
2".
cOS'
=C05x(i)
:: CoS
"
I'}s
k';~ an "rd-~:/er.
.:
5in(-x):
5,',
19: tY
= tJ
3CJ
.~ ~'I'n~
5,'11 X
CO:;)(
cL) sin (x -wft) :::~'n )( CtJ!:. "11'-1 CO;; ;<5"" 611- JJcp~('X-t1/') =(JI:> -tCIJ5f1' -$i(}X5;1}il"
= COS x (-D - $.rl x{o)
= 5; n x (, }t ctJj x (o )
= Sn y.
.. B ;~
th~
O()
flat t'~""
z: -
Iy e"'pre5.si()/J
+0 ~; I) x.
D is the
00+
CJ)~
(If)
I~ eJCpressiOfl
<='t~1 td (!tiS x.
101
Senior 4 Pr.-calculus Mathematics
Exercise 32: Permutations with Case Restrictions
.'
case
._ ~
cese ?
._
2.
5!
3.'
Djc~l'1:5
Shale
__ ~_
__=~
3,1
/.'
lkJ SkeJt Ha/o.L
.. TotQ./ a.rra.fJ(jelnel7fs
3. a) 1fe '/he 2 IrJefh ~
~~
z: /(j
o f bc,t, k!l
:::
h) Tie .Bten f o."~N/cKy f0(jef&r arx/ ~e
frJelkr:
4f\~~~
~j
288
wa.ys
boy 5'
=r-
b) 8oY5 <Xt.1} ~ a.rr-o..n3ed 1/

The 2 3;rI~ 4,nd +he group
(It
boJ~ Can b~a.rr~
3.'
==
in
~~('mtl'fe
. 2 x. 2,x 5 ! ,:'1St) fe('mvf~.fl'g/)s,

~om fh~ Plt'(} w4.JS in r=! A.
Ni(} - ~8(J,='J~(} wa,ys.
.
ed I;'
C, wa.y~. Thi s leo..d. s 10
0. a) 71
::: 8tj(}
5 tL)~.J.. -1'1. .. ,:::720 wa.ys

/20~J5
C) use
CQmplemen1-5
720 - I. 51,3 2 == ~OO WCUJ5

I; (when i.j.. )
J
(Tord
~ ~
s-Mti.fs ",dI, E
ztI)
102
"
wa,ys
3/
/?
~tJbfr~t
b) ...3.~ 5
2'-1.5..3,.':::
fhe: 6 r'peopJe"
5! wCl.j~ . /J('}fic Ik> t!ovp/f'S, Th,'sJ'"vt"$
('1.')(6) ::FIt' arranJemenfs.
b")
3, 68tJ '
if. a)5.. -.fl i:
? cf~':P/e~/'n
(J'-rcle ,'n
'
boy s
Pla.'7,
(7-1)! =6.' :: 72tJ,lAJa.js. .

Unl-ie -/he 2. +pe(mvf~ them Ii? Z wc;up
.. 2 xe !, s: /o/~() AJa..'js.
a
5.i3.'3.'j!
if!
,,
::t
3 21..'.::, 3(00
'3,! . ', " \', ways
R IJ"" R
c) ~..f
.i:! 1. fL'::=
3.'
2'10
' ,~.s
.,
,~
,
Exercises
Mathematics
Exercise 32: Permutations with Case Restrictions (continued)

,
7. No. (Jf
(,
Me
CJf)ru(J
:sea.l.-:5 :::~. 5 t;, .J ,
bJ~~
btJ'j J ~
hOy'6
0CV7
21 ~ 00 -
:::
2 PIIJ~rs
b<: se~-Iec/ /17 Ihe midc;(/e

10k I - ad';' tin
'
encl.
'II
"
N of vJa.Jj 5 fhe UI? ruly bo~s tire +oJe+her in fhc !m/dolle

is 5,2 6..' .::7200.
' ,
'
wa.t
or~o+heC5
iuoa - 72()(/'.: F/7'C7()
(~ht'
Ch006;()~
'L ~ ea.r5
~~
s~is
,"
I,
8. Case I: 5, 3
.3
!=ir61- :
(Me 2:
'7~r
'
5 Fi(S+
,
I
Case 3,' 5
7o(~..J
!1
7 or
-:t ~
Ij
2
"
=. '2'/ .. Tqf~1/s /$()

," '
..;. ~
:5ealr]C,f
Pi(5+'
No-t
2. .: ~
tdr
3 !: 120
1,
. 3
5'1
2.
~.
.2. . ~ ...1. =.
,3tJ2. 7'0(1'
~J23~5,~
'<la-ys
=s>
3irls
10. a) J 2 pedpJe in
b) b! to!
I/.'
3 i 7/(0 8tJO' f.f/o..ys "

5/8'7CJ(), Pick the letf- -mosf. Jirl t'n ~ ~CiY:5~!he
a. "a/rcle
z:
'I
ncx+ [firl in 5 w;u}5}efe. ]his :Jives h/ W~$

-Mef) (.;! WCLJ5 fbf' -!he fJS .
c) Girls in a. circle in 5.1WCiJ5 . B0!l~ be.fWe'e'7
wo..~~. .:
5.1(,/ .::86
~(J(}
I.J
e+
SIn
I1/" -
l/~
511"') ::::
I"
.'
,II,
/Jr the
' ,
J11i'/S all~
#leI?? /I?
6.'
w'tJS
11. Us in 9 ~ e idef1f''./-4 sin (It ,-8)::::

we
'"
"jlf) (-
2./7')
'6
S'in
A co s 15 -
(!Q$
5"17
= s,.~(- 7j./
"') -_ -_f2
2
103
'I'
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 32: Permutations with'Case Restrictions (contlnued)
12. (2.
2. >(
oX
f
= .3
x) =
13. U c 7' <;' ~ s-
2fD
N. a)
;t
7/
2x = - 3
,"
(v.~"1--~
/6
(-1. -'1)'
~~
=6--\)* ='t
a..
OJIJ.
, 2 - 2 cos 2(9 + COSt9

2.. cas 2.e - C1J5& -I.::.
I"
(COS (9
=Y2
CdS (}
/OJ b 2f'l. of
,6)
" 17.
2-~3
Y1 ~ e>
.f,&'.!J-=
Bf.= /~
..
I;JJt
f:::
if6Z)
rnir')l/le~
'
-2.61'7
S/-a.nc/ ~
.fprrn(~
=4,si",b(1<--(;)fd)
2 (X- 77')f-'5
~~\
:)
d= 5
d:: 5
20 ~) l:; 5 e()s 12(} 17'-t- whe,..e a;, ~ pen'clcl=- 40

=
c: ~
104
5 (!oS
-i/t1f5
f== 2.
Q~
I
b~
120
d.3-t
a.,;,2,' h -= 2 c " JL. (m/clpl of % 4

.
'12
Cd~ll?e & '!J:: 2 Co5 2 (X + 1V'fP)r5
tl =2) pt:riod 1]'-, b == 2, (!::: % J
I.,
21
'"" ~1
/2-
h)
f:~~~;=~Z f= -Z
::: ~
-003
,
/3
'
I-b, r :::'tJ.C/3t
'-k 7' s: f
=. J
'j1i/
'
"
Two pa ss ib] e'tUCA.';',-ot15 ..
Sine
za .:::~O~
-1).::0
(}vc<cirev? I-JlL
/9. T= 20+ gtl8 -. ~3f

L.f(} = Z'O + 8~~ ,:-03t
C(}S &-
II?
"
r~jecJ.
:::J
= L173~ '3
=0
/-
. ~~?=W;1
8':' '!fro rel.c>.~ e =-0, 211'-
"e
C (}./( ~u;~en~
17.',2 sit) 2CJ t cos == /

Z. (J -cas 2(9) r OOS(J == J
, (2. COS,t9.J. j)
'
h) (33)~:;3 I
3 )( ~ 'y
x= 3
X ::: - 0/2.
, }5 . ~~(i)::'
P(~) /5
50
c: ~
(3 z).'X.:: (3) -:3
= 2 7/
Cj
3''/1 c
ar
z: ~
~ (~.~/)
arnpere s
120 1i'
no
/,q,..izgnl-ptl
,
Exercises
Exercise 33: Combinations

/. a.,)
~ ('L'::
,
.'
if / = 0
2'2'
"
b) ~(3 .:= t,(
,2.,
8Cz.=(8)(7)
tt)
20
;; 7.'
"1 5
,
:: 2.1
:::"28 '
2
B (6' :(8X7)(C,)(5)('I)(3)
3 ./'3 ~
QC
Mathematics
b)'
6,'2,'
-=,28
6,'!'
sC 2 =
(5)(f)
, "
':: 10 ",
;C,:> ::: (5)(f)(~)~,10 ' ,
3 a.) n = 2"'8::: /(J
3,
b) (X.II) -f (x -t3) :::12
2'1. -I 'f
(J 117 ectch
the
PQ.;r, fhe MSWfY~
tJft'
SQ.Me
/2
2x ::,8
'I.
==
'I
,
to. a)
b)
c)
<,f 5
all C'ard~
red
2.[
5 z:
canis
l,fz
hea.i+5
.:=
2 5 tcf 1~t1hant/s
,
{; 5'
.'
,\, .
'78V' hands
(l't.
2J,.C'j
:::158'/81
e/vbJ spade57d'tamends
105
Mathematics
Exercise 3,3: Combinations
'IaJ'
.' Q)
f a.
I
b /a.cJ:
bQ.115
exercises
(continued)
C",
L..
/;,.,/kbaJls
/0, a)
b)
= 8'1 wa.f/S
,l6'= 9.'
6.' 3!
AJeillJer al/11~5" 7C~ 1':::

CAse2 / come 5 b-jC' 5 .::2)( s/
C/I.Se/
7ways
-=- ~
I'
.: To/~/ ~ '17
13. ./ !/an '2(9
::;
see
~t9- /
I+ed 2&
I.../1. S .: / f -k-17
1+ eO;
= see 'Z.()
'2. 6)
2 (j
c sc 2(9
x:
SioZ.e
z~
COS
.= h::t
'2. t9
t')
::: 5ee 'Z.(;
- /
= ~.HS.
/1.
/2.f
5/2!
l' 1
- /97 5 8'1tJ
/5.
/03'2 (x-/).,~z
<x+Z):::2
== 2.
10<;3
Z (X-I) (X+ 'Z)
22.
=(x-/)(x+z")
L/
(J
=)(
2.+)< -
X '2..+
2-
x-~
o .:: Cx 4-3){x-Z.)
X=-3
x':=Z/
e/-'e.ck e xhv.n~dt/ s roof
106
Exercises
Exercise 33: Combinations (continued)
-t Jog 2. 5/2 Y'3,

,lo~ 5 5 Z + 103 2 8
.
Iff;. 103552.
/7. a) . /'1.' .
2.' 9.1 3.' t!
5 Z + If{} 2. Z 3 z: 2 'rJ 5 5 f 3 Je:; 1. 1-
1036
11..,.
I N
"{I
s:
/5/ 35/2;
.,.
()
-=2.+3 =5
18. Cose ~., 5 F,"fsf I 8 seCt7rd
Case 2. ~()1'8 F,'rs!
2.
6
ij
s :::./2
I'
~ 3 .:;.12()
.',
ro&/ .::/32
(/1'
b'
/~ aJ5 G>.=: -(;-3'-0
'Z-~
-0-~.;
..:
g, . or
3
a) Sin 2e
1,.1.
e()s
2(9
= 25,"t?<9 (1(/5 e = 2({)(-1)::
ff
b)cos 2s
,
S /17
(2 e + CJ )
= Sin 2& co:> (9
:::6!.-{5+
\.'
6)
C(J5 3(9 s: C()j
(J(J52.fJ
-f
Ct7S
:;11
1:2
SIf}(9
:::.22.
T:T
(2(9
-I-
Z7
(9)
& - Sin
2e
S,'nt9
Y?'f
- - 7...f5
'27
107
Senior 4 Pre,Calculus
Solutions
Mathematics
to Cumulative
Exercises
Exercise 34: Binomial Theorem
/. a.) (Cl.-fb) 3 s: a. 3+ 3a. "b +- 3a.b 2 +h ~

b) (c:t+ b) L/ = a ~+ iCl. 3h + 64. zh 2. '+1ct.b
-J)
+ b '1 .
(Zx) 1-1-'I(2;x) 3("-3)+-'(Z)<) ~(-y)'2.+ '/(2x'r':::;)'~ t-/'j) 't

=/~xH-3lX3j'"
24X2."Lj, -8x 3+.J~,
(Note -fhaA.. +he s~'9t1:)a.rfer-~fej
;
3. a.) (2xtJ) ~ .:(2.'1.) ~+7C/J(~xy(i) -f'lj' ('7 (Zx) -:(/) 2= 512 x , 1-23tF/x 8 -: 'I6tU'~7
2. (ZX
L{'=
,,'
bY'l./)II~1/C;/J(2;< ')/tJ{-')'.) +11 ('/ (txz) "(-X) z:: 2(}'I8x =; 1/20 "Ix,
Z/
iZ3/~)(1o
Lf.
(1-)~
7C 3 (30.. z)lf
= 3S(BIa.
~l)
8) (-
= -7(P5J.f5
0..
5. frJ (J1 a. 4{ b (p'

f()!
/1~I/~
(Of f! ~ o
2 to ~b'"
I, ,
7 Hiddle
8.
~#7
1. (f'f
rs the
ferrn
+eo71 is
1/
C" (z)-.)~(-2f)"s: ~27' .
Cs (2.:J)' x5 = 2i 5'(p8.J ~X 5
/)5f .ferm
10. /s+krm
7+h fe,rm,= /2
(3.:{)
~-r (~~
"
2l7d-krm ha.5 X/3X~=xl7,

3r vi. ferrY} ba X 12. x8 = )( 20
3M +er. /5 1'/ C/2 (2X),2(-xjz'
-372 730 X
1/.
Xl'!
05e 7) (set!) (~ftj)

le!1
108
htt5
<5 ,'"er
middle
rijh.f
= ((,135)(70
oo: = rst1
2.0
'15t)
wrys
,
Exercises
Exercise 34: Binomial Theorem (continued)
"
.fhe (p bea.d:5 KlCfp z: 2/() Wa.:J5.

b) Farm a.. eJrcv/ar perl?1l.lrafidf} in S! = 12tJ
/2. ~)
Mathematics
Ch()().5e
e) D'-vide
by z
~/r7ee I/;s
a. brqeele:
2/~
/20
WttJ.5.
~ 12." ~,otJ,tAJa..y.s.
(3. a) 1(Jg =9(} ~J5

6)(;(} (2),C;Ci)= (rsX2Y) .::'/26(} ,~~
c)(IoC2), (9 C;.)' 2 = 25 20 w~s
I'
~/,
wa...~, -rei "~e
ILl.
t3
a) 5 Cz '21
pcUrs
"
= /3, ~O(} w~.5
cl1
5/
b)~'
=:
I,
5CJ&
C7') +~/CS)]
2,C3>+{;C
or
.5'.}
'2I
3CtJ"5.
oaa
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arr~e
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ch005e
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or
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,arr.::tr)/Je '
,
/5
a)F,"r5.f,
~ea.~ /he 2 opp~/.J.e
There re
-hi ji+= 'III/~:JS

fhe5e people
b)
aha/r
2a.r:arl?
2. poss/"blll
The
Sf"-/- //7 (P
G&V7
/~)
/her} ;:>111-fhe
,
,
Z ffjel1er.
cl1t:1I"ces 2 wa.jS (R-L ar J. ~R)

Imp'o55,'hlc-. There /s,-h t.Vcty
eocrr,
I way. Tb/ /~5

-I-wp b/PC'/(.> 'J.p' 3:'Ohell"rS.
Se';' fhe 2 ftl(j el-b'er /'7 'Ix 2 (eht);c't's uP 2 eh~irS ~ t:lraer dfl
cQiJp1e) :. 8wttJ:5" The 2 &<.pa..rf h('('ve 8 Wa.:;5 -10 ::>/~ (0/7e w/#7
Set Hre Ofpt7Site
(n
r-r
the +OJelher
or brrfh in !he
the t7l-her ir;
61t:1oKoj!
(;It7e
of! fhe :3 (?ha/r~ o'p'pqsih.
3 ohairs) . ,: "/,xl?
32
~s.
109
."
Senior 4 Pre-Caltulus Mathematics
Exercise 3'4: Binomial Theorem '(continued)
: /~. Ian
see
see
s:
X +1
= +t:V7)(
se e x - /
b) j =
l(}(JtlO
e . "':x
5 e (' )< '1-/
3()OO(} ::::/tJtJtI(j~ . ~)(
See x
3=-RfD>f
See
0:70'.e . (..(7),
I()
.::~(,~863.31
I- /
)( (sC'e.' X r J) ,
.::+~n
::J :::
fan X
See x-/
fan
J = 10 at7.e' ':
a)
fa.nx
X-I
LIII. S'.
s:
/7.
X-I
;x (:5ec
'fan2X
~3:::'-to.x
=..tn 3 ::.183
~5
~+I)
.: See x+1 '::.R.II.s

-I-a,n x .
I,., .
, J8~ two teams arr needecl fbr a (/V"e.

h) Topla.~ ~()h
lea.m fw'-ce a~ ,many

= 2;x 253 s: 5()~ 8(U??es.
I,.'
(j.
2C()5
e=
6ft::<.r) t9
, 2 CI(}S & = 3 ~:)

. 2 (Jo56l ::. 3 s#~@
'~)I'f)
Sin
2.19 T
z:
3 S//7f)
3 s. (J - 2 s: 0
2-c;
(2s,"n&-I)
2 'S in e z: /
110
t9
::;
(S/f}6J f2):::::O
Yz
Sin
e =- 2
no so/vhi;Ja
fJ ~ ~~
re Ia.fed
O==17fu,
5%
~Ie
p(/
V:;-)rl,j
-I-
/I ::. f()()(J (If
~9)/X
/(J
:: 'itJtJ()(/. (/0)/17
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,I
Exercise 35: Permutations, Combinations, and Binomial Theorem
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Exercises
Mathematics
Exercise 35: Permutations, Combinations, and Binomial Theorem (continued)
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Exercise 36: Parabola (continued)
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Mathematics
Exercise 36: Parabola (continued)
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Exercises
Ii
Exercise 37: Circle and Ellipse
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Exercise 37: Circle and Ellipse (continued)
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x
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Exercises
Mathematics
If).
r!ef}lre i5 (:'1;
a. =
9 '"
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b ;: 1'2. (/())
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Senior 4 Pre-Caiculul
Mathematics
Exercises
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V~
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Exercise 38: Hyperbola

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121
Senior 4 Pr..;.calculus Mathematics
Exercise 38: Hyperbola (continued)
b _ 3
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=/2
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slope "15X-7y:: 3
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mis po if?! is -lIb. f 'I :::.5 on if.5 Pt-om the (/1' '8//1. 1h~
.
e't uo..han of fh e (}if{Jle /5 )( '2.. +- !J ~ '= 25.
''i
A is -Me e!!!!.l (/() I -fjijk)
ItJ.
liB:::
Z ylO K
Area. o~ Ll/MB = i~'
::
JZ'
= It;
::'/'0
J2.
:::
of-~'
==.K x
s:
3
hz ~5
'K .:::/. 6
I~ 3,20
/1. .3
h (XfS)
"
Ih:::: k{/o)
/j 3 4+~3r;
12 .
118:::b
b (I()) s: Lf~
b z: 8
., II i5 (MJ~)
'I
/01(
fL
"Le';
= '/0
Yz Cz-llOk) (/0)
...,!I(}K
"
'; '20
I
/3. I(}
I'
"I
= /() ,C7t'O
.,
, ,,
(X+5) 5 = 65
5x t- 2.5 =- ~5
\
6x == L/O
X
,.,
=8
.
f I
,
III'
~f
'
123
'I'
Mathematics
Exercises

J
, ',/5. If -Ihe(e were r)() resfr(cl-/oa5 fk If) pa..pers,
warJs.
in /0.'
"
I~ '-Me 'be5/- and fhe ~(~I
~~
he cvt'cv::Jeci
C<Jd,6{
tVere
foue /hc:rj fhere
I/JO
J/c;/ be 2
ot-
pvHirJ thel'r]' fOfjelhef'. ~(}05,'d~~i"!J-/hem as (lae

+he 90Qjeofs
co()ld Me!') be arrCV7r 1'7 9/ N~JS' rJ;e~
.fhvj (2)('j!) wtLj:5 if) wh/ch Ihese papers are fo~fher:
<J-0'eDf.)
eve
Will -!her; be I().' - 2{'lV = 3{;288'otJ -(z) 3628tYtJ -= 2~tl3~'Iq

, wa.~j if) which -/nese pa..per.5 a.re nof- tCl:r~fher.
. ",There
I
'
sui "hot) I:
I~." I~ e :::~
J.,HS. .
/04
.no
,/
e :: ~..it
J!a
s:
.f~ i{)~,
/[}
It! X
I ~.
on
8X
, =.iqq ro
JL
~
z:
POJ.g
-to:; 10
,fOq e .: jbq
so IVt;Of)
2.'
iJ
Kg~It)
/0'1 .e '= ~/ .-.,'
124
/0
l!m. 10
.e
x: ~
z:
= -bz~-~-()"/
-?'
ffiz
.e
10:l~
'
I
It)
,
;
18.
3.1'/2
,a)/57/)
b) 1i'-
17"
2 ' )
cbec:
C(}~
z:
'"
7i'
f +/
;- )'
.. Lf/S :: RIIS '
Check 17'cos 11'-- ,+ J
5i/? '7l"
::
.:::()
()
,,'
LIIS :; Rf/.J' ~
,
19.3(sec
3
1.&-1)
= 75~C d3-5'
See ~c9 -3
3 See
'Ze -
= 7 see (}-5
7see (J+2 =0
(3 see S -I) (5e(! & - j)=()

See (} =)/3
see e = 2.
C()~)(J
I'~
= .3
ZOi Fd5/, ferm

term h45 (x'l
. decree.ses b~
3a;'"
,
)c 9~
7.ff) ft:nn /s
2/x
t:"
(8X1z)(61
3/ (;/
z:
~ec(JncI
J.. =; X 3/. ex~~renf
f,c,(2.).i)3fb}~= J(
uf')def'iaed
e = ~O~
ha5
y. X
e ::~
CO.)
'
'
z"
x:J
IL
or (X'I)<J-
(~)!.s: X~'
. X 3(. -i"l,. x: .:::X ~

30 -5// .= ~
-S/l. :;;:.~
- S/l.,
r;
.'
\,,
30
~ =, .:,
-c -
'I
71-h -It: rrn
(2xy)9-~(_-fx-)6=
2/x"
2
125
Solutions
Mathematics
to Cumulative
Exercises
Exercise 39: Sample Spaces
b) ~ 2,3) 0 5, '~'
c){~ II), (~T~ (7,)/~ /r 7)
0, J~~2), o, 3~ (I, If),
~),{2,'}),(2}2)/2., 3)) (2,1)/ (2,5~ (~_~)
(3, I), (3,'2), (3, 3), (3,
cs, 5), (3, h), ('I; I) (9, 2)/ (1, 3) J (ft ~ (f5~~t,)
(5, /), (5,2), (5,3), (5, lJ), (5; 5),(5, ~)I(", I), C',2),(6,3), ({" 1)1 ({,,5)/(6)t)
C)(JI,J.llfI),(~H,
r)(JI,7jII)J(r;H/I-I),(-r;TiT),(-l;T,H), (r;~T), (1-/'07)
:, t. ~) II/ T,
.o
I'
V,
2.a) (~7)) (5,8)
'I)
(~
o,
()~
b) (3) ( 1)== '2
Tr().i~ 7
((,,7) ({,,8) (6/1)

(7,7) (7,8) {7/V C)2p(}inls,viz.(~D(~~
(8J) (8,8') (8/1)
I
,,'
3, ~)
8
~
d) 72
6) Dependet7
lnaeperxief')1
~ 7 fj
,5, 7 (;,7 "7 ~ 7

5,8 6,0' 7,8 fltFJ
5,'1
(.,,' ~9 8;'1
Ie) f~fel?deol
f.
d) Independent
'-1. ./ -:' p
,
\'
"
, 5.
/3
52
IL)
'~a)
I~'
'1.
LIt.S,
+-
'52
b)
c)
J (Cerfainly)
fCo~ X
,
I
/-
f ~Q~
I~
.:: 2 csc t x
+ _' _
/ - CdS X
CdSX
(7 r
;:
c)
b) ~~
, 1+ CtJ5 X
::
b) 52
f-
7~) 3lP"
+/1- COS?
i-ce x)
C(J~)Jc) (
126
Ih
52
M. IOJ3xz+I<~5Xs;:
/~3 /6.x
/(/j 3 (x~)(x 3) =/0:1 " /6x
10/1 3 x5'
2)(
z:
y. 5.: 1{Py.
Xl;; -/0 '/.::.0
10:/ 3 16x
(x4l-1')::.0
'/.=0 ()('/.=2u('t=-Z
Sil'}2X
=: 2 es c
8.
2.
J - Cus'l' X
:.
R. !IS
chtrt:I~ 3x2 + ItIj-;)( ~ ::,jOj -;,t.x

><=0 ::;; 10:1302. t- ~5 03..: '~3/"(0) .: (~'edx:s2 ~1<kJ3"f+I~e8
='~3~2.
v'
)(=-2 -9 I~~ 'f -r ~;
(8)
.: f"'C(jecf .: s=L
Exercises
Mathematics
,"
Exercise 39: Sample Spaces (continued)
:;1b.J6 (27.~)
s: ICJb (33. If)
:ICJb33I-kJb'l
.: 3/~b3 I- /~b If
12. /OjJ:,/(/9
= 3(ot,'3) t o. 77~
= 2 .~/3
I
13. a) pIt)
raP ~
r f5p (J<j, 2.. af"Jd f5p
2~,9
t; '2. -
r ItJP't11 f- 'JIU
iI/ - /2)< r f() .::0
,(3- 2) -i -1- /2 f
.: ..? :
-_-:_:_5
, :
: ;
_+++ __:_+_+_ :__~ : _

I
: : :
15.
:c :
.. ....
: :
1 :
: : : :
I,
'ItJ
s: CJ
(:;-2)' :;(2 Y -3~

0,-2.)
: 12 (X~3)
: :
a)p()./"~bdla ~i#J verf/c~/

h) P~rAb(Jla
will, mriz(/n~J
~x/s tJl, .5Jr>-,mefrJ

a.X/::5
t7t
syrnm~+y
c) h~perboJa.
.o circle
e) obi i,&ue lio
-0elJipse
3) hor i zoo fa. I
Ito
h) verJ-,-Ca../ //ae
127
Senior 4 PretCalculus
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 39: Sample Spaces (continued)
/6.
11= 2()C-Kf
/'1 = 20 c-K(/o)
ft.)
~. 7 ~ C-k(ltJ)
In (d. 7)
In (07)
-10
= -10K
''I
= 1(,
/ 7 - a) B r :-d-13 2.
- I/J = 20 C /"-/0(d. 7) :t
_.
/r)(5):;
/~((J.7).
.: (367, 5.85'1
-/t)
+~
If)
b) <9t-
= ICj.'I3~:5
(5
][
In (0.7)
"
.
j.'
,j
"
()(p
::: .i.(}el
211' '-1(}f.J
::
S2 2..'
,
,
.: 12,~ 5.22)
'
18. C~. 5! '[! :::/330
: 11' -I(/~
JJl .'
-JO
'
ill': 1;. f or= 3 57

JY ;21i' -c;r .: 5.85
,.,
5bO
,
17. 'le:sc 2e, - 7 ::: 'lest 2{7
,20-
5 csc 2'e ::9

C5
e. 2 t9
= -.:L
2e
:::...2...
$1' f)
/I::: /20tJ (/ I-
S/n
:! 15
3
:: (J. 8111 + 2k1l'
"
'
Or
e = 1l' - (J.b''!//
.;:2.3()(J5
f'
2k1i"
or
, e ::-0811/
-I- 211' = 5112.1 -I- 2k1l'
1)('
128
()2..09~2',2
A ;- I 213'J.35
= 71-(-t).8ijl/)
= 3 7927
21<1l'
.,
1=. p(/+ ;-:)/).$,'
"
.1"
I~
Exercises
Exercise 40: Probability of Independent and Dep(!nde~t Events
llee)
/. a) p(lieel
=G!~(5~)=l;~
bj( Ace, /lee) ;;: !,('L(3 ') = _'_
l32/ (517
2. P('I/(
b) P(black, blacK)
C) P(bJa.ck, wh/le)
'I. a) P{Rez(
I-
:t
x ~
1=
I'
nClf rep/aCffd
f..;!..
(p
'
:::.:r,
.J
,
I,
t J t'I.
f.,
'+
f =-: ;~I
I
52.
52 '
.. .
&;. P(t~/ Is, t;~./Is) 1q.i /5) ::: ~ X~ )( ~ ~ ~

pC (J<7/ c,..// fa.i/S:> := J- f' (f{// fa.//S)
:::j-
, I
I I
~!
I,
]/8
="l/s
, 7
'1
!lw-l) ~ /3 x 1'3 .;:

)
= 2~
P{wr;''.fe,b~(,i:) =
Rtfd) =
b) P(Hewl
,.
;(i)f-f;-)
rf:p/~
"
~I(:).(j)::~
3. a) P(whde, wh"-Je)
is
(Jafd
first' cw-d
.-
22/'
/u, 2o, 30, ij)'=
(J, (p,
(!;rsf
Mathematics
P z: Ys x ~ )( Y, :;;Yru
129
"
'"
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 40: Probability of Independent and Dependent Events (continued)
': 11.
7eU {2X3)7 =1 l2f/xZI

"
7cI (2x'3)~{-3J'2) '=1 7-61
7Cz (2~ 3) 5(-3'j
7('3 r e,
9 '1. ~
3) '1(-3u2) 3> ~
7!.
Or'
While)
; /0 P( uetlo, yellow
J
~/31
,.
z: ' ;
0("
1-
29
-=1
Xle:y
-/3fj'l
'Z.J
(j (,tJiff;r
=j - 15 / 20,X
:::
(~/) (~2) (313) (311)

(II/ I), (~2) (t3) (~~)
130
I!J "
1/
-f /;
x~
IJ
/5
2.
.1/
D
,
12
, II (~/) (1,2) (/,3) (1Iq)

, (2,') (2,2) (2,3) (2,
15.1
b/a.~ hJetcf-) .:;;~ ;< .1,
i =) 21 32 . 'jX
X 12(-3) 3) ~
2~ X/5(-3)
5j~ .'
, ','7. P{Red
X 18.(-3)5
/2. IJn.5wet~w."'I/ vary.

I I;)
/3.
P( odd):
'
I -j
.=:
3/
6~
'
Exercises
Exercise 40: Probability of Independent and Dependent Events (continued)
\2().'It~/'l,; - In L'
Ine
In 3 - /"
I t7 3 -In
/ t? ,31
-=
s:
.;= It? )<
z: /
II?
'2
3
T
=
,It<. '2.+-b 2-
n. ( 1'/.-
t~/O =?
('5
1/ -ferms
s: xth
Midd le krtn .s
If)
::. X
(-~x15(-i:i) 5
2. 5 X 5
10 .'
5! S!
(-
fer!??
3) s
-;6' (2 S)X
It)
25'2 '32. (-213)

-(21/3)(32)')15
- 252
)(5
131
Mathematics
,
Exercise 41: Combining Probabilities
= 30
31
2.
a)
f (Ahf A .f
b) p(Alv/-,4
oJ
''I
G) :::;,
a.7 )f
= (j28
(/.
,,
Aluls r N(/I;) No! 8 f-Jl)- 1/. -;
.'
x tJ 6 x(/'.
tJ~3
7 x (J. ~, X
:: ~.()52~2.
5. p(red red)
"
= ..:Lx 21'/'
/0
=~
55
~
0. P(K ~r Red)= P(K)+ f(R):-P{K cuxI tfed)

=
2.(,
't---
J./
-L
52
2.'
52 52
:: 28
sr
_ 7
I I
-(3,"
7. p{ 5, H)
i: f ~/~
= 2.'-
52
.:: 13
5/
132
>/
~'
'
~I.
8'. 11.6, G) ::::2 . 2 =, LT
2~
57
Exercises
Mathematics
Exercise 41: Combining Probabilities (continued),
It). ~"P (/)el~c..hvel DePec-hve

-:/
f)'ePech've) = ~
x",/
'/},
~:oV'
b) P{GcK;d) (Jda0 Coed) ',

/79 , -/99
2tKJ
20()
x -'2tlO
/9J_
'-'--
2()(J
,I
I'
788 (/5CJ7
8 (}otJOt/(/
I'
12.irJdepe()denf
I :::
+
' ,~,
/3. tJ..) P (odd) ==

b) P(a.ceor.Jen df! diGth70l1ds or /-wo oFsp:ides)
c) P( .fa.1/J) = ~ (re'3cvdks,j ~Fp~evl~u5 otllCd'Y'J~.v
1'1. fan
26)
ces
s;o 2 B
-tJ
== C(}SO
ces 28
f-
COS '2.6} + CdS <9 - I :::.

0
(2 (:05& - /) ({VS e- f- I) =0
/5 a) x z,+ .!}
e)
;=
z,
d) 3 x
e)
=::
52
3 '
"2'
CdS ~&
-or~
"
{,'OS t}
I - cas 2e
b)
&,
c''cJ.5f)
'26)
see () -I- )
Si()2<!)
xz.- 2x-+-3
-y
Z
-I-
=/
2:) 7-
YX
=- ~
C05
e :::-/
f) J - 2
==
3) )(=3
h) ix-2y+5=(}
oJ
z:
Ix /
/0. /091
X=
'I()
tJ
==- X
X ::; /
133
'I'
Mathematics
Exercise ~1: Combining Probabilities (continued)
: 17.
C05X
_ Sin 'X -/
_ s/nx
-!-q/JX
cec X'
CdS )(
I
Sin X
., see X
_ s}nx
5dJ )( -J
I
5,"1'))(
coSX
C'c15X
S/f) X (!tJ5)( - cdS X
C()S X(
SIt?
-I)
X -I)
iNS'
, If1. I7B<J6~c';e
:x (5/n
Ctl5
s:
RH.J
is 7
.'
lIt"ea
Is .
Utj)i
Sma.11 c/r le.s :

:::2 X "19 fJ-'" ,
arc
01' ~ch
Ra.dit./5
IIss()mpI-IOt7'-
Ir61l'-
s: ''717'
Shaded
t:{,r-ee< ~ /96 7l' - '78l7'
= r~'rr
II,
I.
::: 3tJ?
88
StJlvhdn
(.11')"-15 2
5tJ~..:1/ /C(}il
it)
II
SlllVfiufl
,;
2,'
sO
2.5917
II x ;; 50
X ::: I~I/
5a
X :;;I~
5c1Cl
10(j II
X '::2.5
"501 vfion
3:
11:= 1~5?J
50
) = /(/'1
o
1/
X ::: 25~/7
j(/g
1/2.5'11<)
134
II 25 'l/ 7
Ilx=5V
x b:.J
<j/
.s:
5tJ
Exercises
Exercises
Mathematics
Exercise 42: Conditional Probability I
.'
POi)
13 x' 3/51 + Y3 .J.}&
=-
::]/5
+ Yh
+ ~ X ~5 "
t 2.15
:: ~30 t-
0/.30 t- 4;30
=- 15;30 ::
Y2.
"I
I'
'f( 6) :: ~
+ 2.
x lYW
'j. ~(q
:: 'if2. o + <1/b 2
= 32.;/bO
40/1'0
::7rt"O
P(R.) :: J.i
X ,2./3' + YZ
= V,3 +
I'
x~
YL('
"
'
~ Yt 2.'
II.t},
Y2
\
S-j.
"110
Y3
sIlo
P(R) = ~
'f. ~(l
7'5
p(W ) = ~ )( ~tJ ~
X ~~
::; 1J!3CJ ',.
y,(}
,
I I
P(B)
=,]13 )< ~(l
T-
0/5,x
~tJ
1
If
=, I~CJ
~I
I,
',
fJ15
135
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 42: Conditional Probability I (continued)
b) P(4. 3)
==
:c
P(J)
+P{2)
(Y.3 X V3 + :Y~x
.:'1
J-'z)
t-
~9
r}'~ + ~<J
:: 13113
+ Yz. X Yz
PCI) = Y2 x 'V5
_____
-1'2'
'L
Y1..
r-5
13/2.0
y~
1""
P(2) = 12 X Yz.
P(3) == Vz X Y5
:s
s:
==
Ytf
= Y;o
b')' P(T
, )
Y'l. SCrQ.he wins)
"
I'
== Yz >' Yz ==
r'f
I 'Ii' '
, C) P(K) ::~ + ~ x ~)( Vz

I
d) P(Ne;fher)
'
" ". a.,) cnaosc /he .J2a.ceva/tJe

'ChV05C
the ,;
nB Ie
ctird
in
(If
i8
-Ihe
,r tJp a
wa.,y.5. .:
=~
= .If)( J2 x Yz
I
k/rx;!'
13 x i8
//7
.:=" 2i
/3
!Ie
wc.:JS.
wa.:J5.
'6) c'hoo~'e Me ~a.ce VtA toe {! +he 3 (J-t a. k//7d In /3 ways.

ChQose the 3 dP a. K/nd /;7 ,"!C3 =-, '1.A!4.ys. Choose /-he Pe{ce
va.lves ."o.fl Me 2. di#erenf
cara it) 12eZ ;;: /2.(
= 00 ~5.
Ch(}05~ the .s oi]:
the5e' ca.rol.s
2/ltl/
(I
0+
if)
tf wu-J5 .. : 13xr~6~x1x'f
10. 7 '1.+1 = 31.{3

7 'i T I = 7 ~
X-f-{
z:
==
=517/2
(x+t)/~J 7 = 10/1 313

X+ I
;::
IVJ 3 r3
jtJf}7
X == Ie;!) 393 - /
/~7
X==2
136
'
Exercises
Mathematics
,"
Exercise 42: Conditional Probability I (continued)
1/. ~)(R,R), (R,8), (R,Y~ (D:8)(B, R)(B, r)(r; r)(Y, R)(0 8)

9) no
e) Depe~de~1
d)
1/
18
J2. :P(rI orL)
N,
---,
P (Mort.) =/-
"/z/
/3.
b) -.::.J
lb. (x-3)1._
(Y+2)2.::
r
'a._ .. j_. __.~ .. _.~ __ ._s
..'.
..
1"
7'7 s-
1%I
,'
P(IJa.rId 'IIrnB)
c) .: P{II))r.
'd) pc/) <Uid the 8)

== fA . P(8/A)
p(~,
17.
See
x - +a.n
Pr0t7P,. ,
sec x .: fr:tn x'
1
_. __~.. ~._ .. ~__.~
...
,..
'"
,..
::)/3
/21
25
I,
C)
P(H or
fj/..
P(A)lP(Il)
prAttS)
Lfi
I,
13
:: o
IS. a.)
+ ~ .:: 5,%3
~7
:.
.:='ya,~x- cas
~ x
:::
/-
S,t? 2X
(!PS.
::
s. X
e d5 z. X'
cesx
:::
/7 I,
2 ( C(}5 x)
10j 2 (C()S
x)
-z:
Joy 3 (~)
=-
cos X -=]/2.
X
=-
1i'L
/3)
511'/
/3
Cd5X
2(),
The
.: SeC::'X
-~x
;:>,nr ::
511117 oPaf?Jles
eflS'x
Il}tZl7
n- s;ded po'JjOt1 i5 190(n-Z).L/)

a /a jlded po/y3on +hi 5 SVI'??
I:; J80(a).::: /7'if1.
137
Senior 4 Pre..Calculus Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 43: Conditional
Probability II
I.
''1
2.
POlO)
,~
I,
P(~IO) i: P{31 0)'1- f(1; CI)

z: " 3 X OS"
.3)( - tJ5'+. 25x ~tJ1-f 2x .,1;3,1".25 x.
P(I,O)-t
:::: . ()/5
.(}/5'..f . d / f . ()()6 f. dOS'
-
~ .' f2
.0/5
.o3ro
'I
'
,
3.
a)
"
P{G) ~
r F; G)
== ~
, . /8 I- .
f-
Pc .5
08
, b) P == ' P(F; 6)
P(6)
== --..J
. /8
26
. 6Q/
p ::: P(D,D)
==
,P(D,D) -r P (No ~ D)
.l x . tt5
.Ix.
_
'/5-1.
9x.tJ5
. drr5
. d7'- + tllJ'/5
= . (,8
G)
= .2.~
138
()2
, ,,
SOlutions'to
Cumulative
Exercises
Senior 4 Pr.Calculus
Mathematics
Exercise 43: Conditional Probability II (continued)
P ::::, P(tlt! I) . ..
Pl4.,? -Ie PCB, J)
5.
~(Y2) (1'5)
Yz x If!., t}z
==
~5'
Yz
'11
,
..
+Y+i'
,;Z/"5
L/O
-::;2/6'
13/1..0
b.
- 13 , "
('5
::
p (If. 2)
p'::
P(I,Z)+-P(Il, Lft Pcur; 2)'
::: y"
'
y~ l' 'f/{" + ~
= y"
allY'
"
-
. .
- I'iB
weJ
IlIe':' ~
t::1-
7.
"'c)~
r~Y2
~I-
~1-
L~f
y~
8. .e fA. (fx
I-
-u = 7
/~
.
I
I'
::. 7ff,
prL, P)
s:
pep p) +-
==
1'2 'x ).'~ + ~
)I.
%,
:: y"! + 3/8
= 5/~
.,
.'
J s: 3etlS .rx:- :)
,
=7
'1x-/
tfx
=8
=2..
10. 3"X (x-i!) ::;;

2tj3
37<2-IfX
3~
xl-ix:=5
X 2..-tjx-5=O
(X-5)
x:::5
(X+I) = 0
I
-/
139
"r '
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 43: Conditional Probatlility II (continued)
It. I-IUj(x-It)= ~(Xf.s)
tlJ rx 5) i-
/ .=: I
~"J
ex-'-;)
/:::I,()( +-5){X-r)
I{)
-(X+5)(X-V
= X 2 +- X - 2tJ
10
o=
;X2+ )(-30
+-t,)( X - 5)
01 =t
/5 ..,
)(,=' -l
eX~e()~
5
,
I ,~c:...I(:
r~
"
'.
11. '-I/.S
s.r: (d-,B).
= (~Jln, c<
('0:5
P ~ (Jd5(c:I-l3)s'rJ,8
co5f3 -ca5 ~ 5;nj5)cos
(c:()S
0< Cos{3 -rSir;
= 5,:ncl C()5 ~-.(osdSI"ft

5, n ~ + 51'fle!
=:
511'2.
, 21). 10 Y-z
1() 10.9 /() X
Y70 L... X
140
L.
/00
L.
10
'2-
S)
f3 rs"n~)
:: 5;ne{ .: RHS
'
5;r>p)snp
C'd.JjJ.j-Q1S,,{ eu:,f3
f3
s j nd cos z, fo -r s,-nd
= ~ no/. (CPS
.R-
'a 2.f3
Exercise 44: Probability Using Permutations and Combinations

/. Sevnp te 5pa.Ce .;: S2. C5, ,
SvCCeSSe5
::; Jf
C'I
'X
e/
7U
= 18
Probo.hi/lfj
2. S~p~
Svcccsse.s-:
= ~8
.= '/,8 ~ /tJ-5
3~
Spa.ce:::
Prob~"I;+J
=)1"
2.57 6'~6()
3,
Sa/'l1p/e 5pa.Cf'
. 5()ccese.5
s: /{/
Proba.b ;lily = /(J
{'s
:=:/[7,
L3 x {f (!2.
{' 3
x tI
/8
(5
::: / 2CJX 28
z: . .3<;
g?~8
{'f.
;Y.5xunple 6pa.ce :( Zf)3S), (3G2B), (1&18) (rGOB)

No Combinafions
=5C!Z r: 5 C!J + ~ Ci +\5C 51~.
I
= sC 1
Proba.bilitJ
,
i
\,5','
'
5(2f5fj+5Ci+5tS
spo..c e ;: 5!
5vcces5 e 5 .= 3! x 2-
iry = 3!x 2
,.
120
iry .:: '1CYz(X)
7. T~eaf
/he I-wo
In kfa/
-/-here
Plfe
9x8x 7
I
::: 'I
1/
9 X fj
x7
5VCce5.ses-
=/2. (if
z:
~/,p. tWd
19800
=(). 0(/8
l-o.Cjelher as one vr;/0' .:

7,'
C';::
)fro
6/
3/ :::IZ(}
fCY~
1M perms:
:BIZ!
.. -I-~(;prvbah,.llfy
::: 5(JL-/
'8. 5wnple5~ce;'52t5==25'1b'tj6(/
Probabd/'y
=)/5
Ti5
/0
x"Cj :::f.tJ()
::: / x 'lei x Ixs ez ::: YO
Probab;'{
,spJ.ee
Pro ba. b ..I if)
T~a.m~~.>spa..ce =5e2
5vccesse:s
Sa,mp/e
St.Jcce5~e5
::: 12 =L:
. 5.'
/()I-/()rS+/
SOftlp/e
" P(vb-\.bil
;:: --:--5
T's .f~Jelher /5
1l.(1
"'I2d::<
'7.
/(J, IF /-he N',5 are l"Jelhe;r, io e have, 5/3/ :::2c/perms.

In 1-()tttl /here a.r e 6/3! 2.! :::co perm".
:. +he: proha. b i lift of N'.5 fqy;;fher ; 5 ~C';:)l3
.: +he pr(Jbo...h;!/~j of N':5 no'-!- f.u(}e-Iher /s /-~
= ?--3.
747
Senior 4 p.-..calculus
Mathematics
(continued),
I/. ('R ~W 58
~)P(R) ::~5 ::; 75b) P(w) = ~,
c) P(B);: ~:5':; ~
cD P(R.)
'OJ
;: 115 = 3/5,
e) P(RI'11)
"
Exercises
=~ ,
1O!J5
,,
aJ P{z c) '=, 0/7' x "V, + *t)l 7S"

''Y,U) ;: 00
Ilj.
I,
b)'p(sc) .: ~y
'j ~
+y~ ;K
~5
X ~6 f ~ ~
oX~
.:: 1~(jO t:
,%()Q
7'5'
"5 x
+ Y1 )':~ ~ ~,'
.,.
9ftlO
1""
o/;C1~
,"= &;'?;tJ(I
/5. fan 3XT/
z:
5ec'zX":'!r>)(
'
LIIS ::./hv; X+I) (-1M '2 x-hv-J XrJ),
=- fa.",
'2.
X -
::se c 2
X -/
==
see
142
f'
f /
- -h:vJ X 1-/
2X -fan
== I? IIS.
/10 .
ft:V? X
ft:ifl
,1
I'
Xrl
fa./J
,,'
x
,
I I
,
.
'
~I,
,
Exercises
(continued).
'I
/7. 1ar7
-/-a.n2(j,
2(9' 1- I../S/"rJ 6).=

f ~ 5i"rJ~
-.jet:.
5ec~
~ +- 2
Mathematics
-2 '
=0
- / +- if 5,"n & + 2 :: ()
I./Si"ltJ-,+/
==()
Sif11!)
"
-l...
i
er=o.2.53
ill >rr- +(}25 3 s: 3.3~i
R : 2. Ii' -0
2S 3 .= {,.03/
.: 3'3'1it- 2K~ 6.031+2krr

~h(rt KE!
I
Bt'()/UJY /I? 20 ('t; (,Ala.ys.,L.'h:Jqse

6 fr(lm ,-!he ret?7a/r)/'?j (2. Ibr, phy~/C5'//)12{'", .. way5.
The lac"f-" f'Y>cJ5f t-a.ke Ohel7? 15/ry (N() Cl7c"c:e)
yfl./cierJh
. {ZO (}fj) . (/2
C,,)
~I'
= 20.1
9! /2!
. /2 (
6.'tl
~~j~.
1/' .3J~ 28tJ
"
20
IOJ c ~g
s:
1':7
"
,
"
11. eh(/ose fJ
.'
I"
72 _ e. 52.3,,58
JOj ~
143
'I'
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 45: Geometric Sequences

,I
1,1v..)
lI,f,l
-e
b)().~;~2
f') G.p.,,, =
e) neifher
2, t-(i)
ff
3
1
, t(z) ::.3'2; '7 . f(j) ::3 .= 27) +-(1):: 3 :;81
:: 3
is (.{, GP. J w'-fh r
, This
.o e.r , r.=~
C)/I.~J;;-3
':j) GP. r e-s
:::3
3.a"2iB
-/
...
I'
I
.' if a..)
I
r 2j
.;
.Jl(x)
= ~ (2)1 -1)
.(!(X) = 2 X-I-/
efc.
b) r=3; .:, ~(,x) -::'(,(3X-J),

f!.{x) :::.1.(3x), clc'.
c} r =. -2) .: ~(x) =(-2)X-/ J e-l-e.
,".
_I
d) r= Yz .. R'x).:: 2{)( h.Y J .f2(x) == /oC2)X I e.ft!.
I
5. a) r=2.
II,
t: 3)
+3 = 3(2){2) s: 3(z2)::- /2
f:;. =3(z).:;~ J
Ii :::3(2.3)::: 2.1 "',
per -/-he pa:#ern
a,) 7},;::;
+,
'+2.
+3
I IlII
+$;:
3{2.?j
#2
38'1
I,,: tDas'
0.
is
c.L
in a)
C,P.with
ff}
:::
3{2n-),
'
n I.(}"
If} (/00 (;. (}t.) == /I/() 6(J(}
= /0 O(}()(/.06)Z ==/() ~(}O{/.~~) ~ #//23"

:= I(J 000 (;()6) 3> = II 236 (j.~6) .;::.
III/ 'lIt! .16
c) /2 .!leafS
$"oppo5e:
=20
(f.tJ~)v =: f.
It) OO(){;.CJ6)1V
Thcr:
/~J I()6. = /0<1

n .;:1~2.
CloCl
2
:::::I/.J
If{j /. tJb
sto e
Un f,'j
f(;\.Ke
144
/.:5 nqf area/lee!

end elf -!hecJear) /1 IJ/II
t'l/ler~f
/he
12
.Y~.
Exercises
Mathematics
Exercise 45: Geometric Sequences (continued)
"
"
t.p.' I lei r z: K ) .', we h~A,e a

1-1( b:=/-k2
,I
and c:: fK 3. N(lfA.} Iff 4. , /rJ b cud /~, e bet-om ~ /Prlflr =
,
IOj + I~ k, I~ fk'Z = 1~1f r 2 10:/ K, ~d If! If3 ! ~l ~3lrik,
J. S;I1c.e 'l.,
af1c/ C I from
"
which
aa A.,P
i'j
d = /1J~',
w;';/]
,
,
8. x p()l7ent,a../ and t;/lhm,'c'

I
{7( 1
s-nce
()./7cA
1"'
f. -(x) :: X J
'1, /OJ i cos K) :: IOJ ~ - Iq9

IOj (C(}6 k)
0 "U'
17
:: /7.
1
'I
I,
'
or
(It, 21t, 73
::: If) ~~'(/"2"1~?3
k.
C05
=-().
are in vel'se f!~/)(Jli(/Il'S
f1cJl}c'//c//;S
kJO
==
(}.8t,'~o251.
K =(}.521 :; ~~
s=:
1 "
to.
Thct'Cr.Ve
3+'
'/Q
3h
pos5:ble
Lf+5, ~.;.(; 15-+

5,
YtU
,. 9'3, :
5.
S()111
j{)ll7~
'1,5+5, 5+(', ~ /-3,
t/J;;"I']
~+r c 1'5
/
Iff
bft.'
~e :
':
,J
(J; .'.
> 0 CU7d (](I.5 ~

~cJadra.nI- 7lI
CdS e :: - 1Y/7 .'. S~ = (). rc1 7iS 75
B == &~ +- 11'
~
and C5C 6J- ::: S'~$
::: - 2 1/25
II. T~
I,
,
(II"
Re C~()
fLnd
i z e Me
CSc
=-
12. a.) circle
e)
/3.
el//ps
iJ '- /5 - 17
'5/1],
,I"
& ;:' -
fk7
b) hyperb()IA
c) paraiJo/4.
f) se-. - peretb()/~
P(W+8)+f(8rW)
~ 5/g X ~7 + ~ )' ~7
:: 30/5"
s:
Py.Jh4.30I'Ca./) Triple, .:
"
1~8.
5 LV I,ife 3 b Ittck
a.)P
'I
b)
p:: P{wrB) f-f>{/ji-w)
= %)I~i-%.y~8
=.
3}A-i
:. lo/3~
~ 15./20
145
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 45: Geometric Sequences (continued)
b) P (h/ej
=.
I 'i . ?S + . 'Ix . 02
=.0'1 ,', 1- . (/18 .
f -= . Ix Y5
.s. ~jf. Jx .at.
, d)
:: . /13
. ()7.5
113
= .8'/
/5. Sin 38.f C),C3& =
5/1) 2~ rCflf
'2.(j
/(;. ~7(2)'t2)-1'14-;)::1y7(Xri)
, by7 (2x 12)- fj76-;)- i;y7 6f'/) ~
I'?'J 72.)( + 2 -= 0
B;176 t cse 8
LIIS.=
= (5
5'/1')
3t9 r (}SC
st
t)
+ CSCfJ
C50 8)'( s;" Z e - 5,1')6 ('see
il1t)""
sto
.:::Sin
1s>
(T
cst:
f"
26J - /
+C3(! ~)
+ est:
". /7.
X
'X
{} f
2. C(/~
'l._1 ~ Z-x e:
t9 -/
X= 3 \
ch~ck
z: /
C/
= -/
e><,fram!'pv$ rgv-f
Z
+ 2. -"
&
C(/5
(J(/S
Ifj'J=2X1'/-~
(;+ 3 :=.6
c9 ;; /
C(/~ 61
'<!J-
-I
X2-2x-3~Cl
"/C(JS
fI cos
2
(x -3)(x .,...,) =-
'
"
. (x-iY(xr/)
II fi . 2 x.,.. 2-
fl., S.
"
7'='2.x+-Z
2tJ
.:::~;n z(j -f eP/- '2.&

z: R.
(,.+1 )eX-lj
= Y2
If. /tjs b
c:t
2.
= '/Y3 rcla..W~/e
8' ::: 1f3
= 4J 5 e - Icy' ~j,
:::/~5'a
- 2~5
i+
On Iy
Lj
heads
Permv+c J.he
.
7tJ X
146
51Y3
20. a) Chdtl.)e {, b~5

(!,-<lM /O,/1/#C,
:. ,.~o;! ::::
21d ~
Pe('rnvte +hem /n a. tt'rcle ,,, 5/ == /ea -v:
D;vJcle
si()ce
.s a. bretee/e+ (2/(J){/20)(J2) =: tZt,cJcJ .
6)
.f1rom
-/he 8 are needd
beetds in 5/
/2() ~ 1zotJ
fp
ctllide
eC',! = 7t1
6y 2-
by 2.
Senior 4 Pre-Calculus ,Mathematics
"
Exercise 46: Geometric Series
J. a..) Z +,1 1-6 + 8 f / ~ s: 3 ()'

d) 2. -Ii '1 f 81- / (p .: 3()
2.12(1+11-2.1-'/)'=
=2
f /
-I ~
c);' 2. 'f' CI + 2- r i r 6 .: 18
f ~ :::
70'
3(Z+ ir8t-/(,)=JtJ
80M ser/ 5 are /he 5o..mc.
Z." 3K
3. a)
= 3(}
,b) J.~'/ + 'J,.,/"
b)
Z t -1Xz.)
nf; +- 2n-2
Z 'I 2'7
n
1(= /
f(~
=I
(p
n:::1
I,,,. ,
d)
~(-J))( J< ~
K=I
"
I,
,1.' '/A,') ,ar;-Ih
Ihe-h'c
/I,
"
" 5.a,YIJ ; 3(2) 7
bjStI .:; 3(1-2&)

/-2.
,: 38r
(;~t/
s: /
()(}O
::'i C)ClO {;. (J s) z: / tJ

+3 :: /{)50 (;. 00 = l/tJL, 5
f2
b) 320
s: /()~tJ(;-/.tJ5 ~
(-
5(}'
7. a) 5/0
(i-L1V
z: /
s:
/-2
I&))
d) 510
I-iS
ro~.61
12.8 (;-
~ 255/
- 35.lJ"
.s:
33 tJ65. 7'5
/. Cl5-
/-
I()Z3
C) SI(j s: tJ ( / - /. 5"
= 765
~,
Vz.
75'
::: 2i{i-
~/~
1-&
'()( '{".OO
147
Senior 4 Pr8-Calculus
,
Mathematics
Solutions
to Cumulative
Exercises
Exercise 46: Geometric Series (continued)

,
e)
-(x'9~
I-x"
SIt} = X
{j
-= x ?"{/-'X ~V
'I-x"?
'I'
'.
r.
s,
= 7.5 (/ -
(;z)")
'= I'l
77
,
"
L: Yz
10, a) 2, ~ ~ 5 -7
C) I, I
I;
I 2. 3 if,
I 23 i 1(5)
'2. 3
'/ (5) ~
!J)
1 _ I
2'['2 -16
.3
'i
'1 @
,,'
I)
5,
//,~-tl
2.0
s:
'I
I-f} -= ~ I
('I+- (PI) = cso
n. Cl)"~depe,.,de,,1
13,
3(52)( -,)
2X
:;. 75
=: 25
b) it7d e.pe~17 .f
e) dJde pendL;a I-
2.X-I
:;.
5 2.
J') d.cpenkni
2)( -j
s:
2-
-/
2'1
:::3
~ 3
5'
"
"r
7 ,','i
7 8, 3('
7, 8
g 7
,
/u.
148
,,'
z:
I
10
,
;
I
Exercises
Mathematics
Exercise 46: Geometric Series (continued)
III7,
.~
. 1..
.,.,.,
"':"
":-":'""-:-"~"':"':"':"':'"dtJ0aln
. :. ; j . : ~.-.~ ; ~ :
. ~. 5 .. ~.
+....+.+..~..-}...~....~...
::E. ::+:1:::::H::+EEE
::::::
"
(~'
15. S' /17)1-
DO)
ran:Je-
(Sex
X -il7l-
Jj
5 .n
"':'0 "To,:",: ";0';''';''';''':'';';
."...
...~.. -,~...:...:-.-:-.
'~"'!"':'"t:";"
"
x +
S',-n2
"
('0.5 ~
-fCU:;
qdS'x
zx;: ~HS "
c ::.(1, 'f) R r= 5',

I
/~ 3 IOJ L 0/:::;X
3z=x
/7
X ~ +y 1. ~'8 x
a.)6;il +<16: -if

I
--:-Z~~.X-"'I"-
b) 5+h
(-'Ix
.'
z:
Po(
' ,
I-~
13J 6 X 2,2tl ~
ix <Ixi
Sv/f
.
'
I'
/-
1)(
I ~\.
in
= I (Jj? .!d
l.t;/j< ,( /6Xo/L.2.50)(1;~
+he p<Ai r / n 13 wa..ys.

Choose the pQ.i r in ,/e .:;(, fAJP.p.
z
Choose +he fLa.ce v~1v~ ~ .for Ihe
ot-her5
12 (!3 ,~.22.0 ~.5.
ChooS"e each CAfd~
'i wo...y,5.
:;1120X~
vcJc.K
z5
- tfY r 7 =0
7,
;';x 1/ +X (.
the PctCe
2::
V '80, 6:~c(- 7;. .)'-
= (!'1 (z~~7'(-~~1
/7. ehtKI Se
~IJ (~J.r)Zf~_f)
1=X
Iff.
3c-
-=- 5 It? 2X t COs
' I
5,17X
,,
see x
Y -inf nooe
~~~~::::r:i:::r::~::~::T~:~:::~::r:,a" imp It/Ie J:; 3
.
co::,
2(J
I"
/~{2x f/)-./~(x1"3):;o
2x 1-/ ~ 0
/~
X+3
()
I'
/() :;::;2x + /
X'!f- 3,."
I::
,I"
2x+l,
x-t3 ,
::;2.x f- /
2 :::;.
x v'
x +3
'
149
,,'
Mathematics
Exercise 47: Infinite Geometric'Series
.: l.a) -1-6
1,)5"
s:
-0 r 5 .:; '1(Ji) 5 -= ~
-to =- T
= '-I-,(/-rc)
IQ
= I-i (/-r
C.)S /0
:::J.f(l~
(J-r)
d) ~00.iJ..
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s:
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Exercises
Exercises
Mathematics
,"
Exercise 47: Infinite Geometric Series (continued)
7, cL) F,',sf rise : 2 (~):: ~

,Sect(nd ris"e,' ~ (~1)=~
Third r.sc " ~ (3;'1) :::t.hz
g,a) St. ::::
I,
(/' -I)
z:
1 .::;;".
I-~
"
ar 2..ft =-8.
1ofa,/ di5~ee
: Ii meft,.s:
The
a(JW/')5JJ
6{3t-J) ':;Z/8~
3-/
r-I'
1)S, :::f; (rJ1_1)
The. IiUp.5," ~e
38,J.f(J.(,"t-I)
r-/
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'= 1331.tf5
I
1
7.
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ThiS
i5
/ (z17
2. 11.I -/
.~
-I) = l -/ emphfee.s.
I (JOel
-kuJ
z:
20
C/8
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It,.
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26'
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CCIS 2t:;1
R. IIS'
== ~O:f::; 3/<tx It? -II
151
Senior 4 Pr.calculus
Mathematics

I
Exercise 47: Infinite Geometric ,Series (continued)
(jj)(2 2)() 1;- fXl-3

2." x =-(2:Z }~r~
kn
'18
6x.:: 22'10+'
= 2)(f-io
Jfx =&
''Ie
(p)(
"
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fCO?
i&
-?
i& ~ 0
'
= f3"
I).Il
(/~tJ"
=t()~ ~~(IIZ8()~
f}==15()11J5" /Y5
Z95P
X =~
X::./,5
,,'
,
I
2..0 Solve : /~
,
7 {XI-I)"f
ItJJ 7 (x-5)
:;/
1037 (x+ J) (X-5) == }
7'
= (X-l-J)(x-S)
7 .::x2. -.l./x-S
0= x'2.-'hl-/2
o :::(x-C,)(XtZ)
Bu-t ji
X ::::- 2.
152
C, -:2
I
/o{Js af~ de~if")eJ

m us+ he ("~eckJ.
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.: X:: 0
Cfroo..nfif;es,
Exercises
Exercise 48: Review I
.'
I Sample spa.ee .:::/2 e5

Successes .= 7e3X~CZ
P('ob~b; Ii-fJ = 7t3 'j S Cz .::"35)(
::; 175
10
-m:
772
/205
P(T+T)'::kz
xJi ~J;~
wi
S~C8
.-
?=!4.;
Sim()/f.t:V}~Qv.slj
I
3 ~
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2.
Mathematics
1/ be /n ~ ua..drt:,tl'].f .llL.
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,
csc
& z:
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Sin '2.()
-'77
see c9
-"kz .
:=
., '--PiS ::
12.
=l
cas 2 & = '/'
(: "'/i2) 1..f C05 2(}
If? -I-
f7R
ctis 2e s: J-~/'1"1
C05 '2.(J
CoSB
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:: c(JS&
Sec~ := _' _1_
cas Z& .= /
=~
Hif
=i95
72
12m
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7S
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/-he'? see ~ .::- /2. fl5
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52
,
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3 ._ 22
52. - 52
II):: P(;::)+ P(H) -,P(F/\ 1-1)
'.,
,
"
I"
_ II
--u;
153
'j'
Exercise 48: Review I (continued)
, ':, 5. -fan
/ f
see
Proo.f:
+ II-see x = Z'
fa/} x
S'"nx
+A.())(
/+seC!-X
Ii-secx
+- f-a..nx.'
= +a/}x (~x)+(Jf~ex){jt-secx)
7. /n)( -= ~ It? 7' -173 In 8

/n x =/ t? f Yz I- /1) ~3
(I+s~c x){~x)
= fan 2 X + I + 2.s~o)<1- see '2-x
(/.fsee
(mn)(
cr
s:
See2-x-/~/+2s~(JX
f S~(!
(/'-I-sec x)( h-?.n x)
= ,2 see
=:
\'
"I
-=/1?{2#~)
'2)(
Il7x=/n8
X =:. IJ
of 2 s~e X
(/ + see x)( mnx)
= 2 "5 ec X (see )('+1)
, (If see x )(f-a./) x)
= 2sec)(
::
2..
In 2' +/n
?){
(/heek
I:-. S =e. S.
1'11II '
" ,~ilJ
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CdS
':i
CdS 'X
;;2
Sit) )(
tz:<.1'7 X
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'-, /\
+a..,., x
X
= 2
Sa?
x'
10.
a..E. D.
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-3
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0125 025
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:: 2.
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co
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154
= 1:8 (. {fS-Z". lCJ ~ 3 3
= 'if." 5
II no+e: i~~.=:~(J )<1)
-I
= 20
s:
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I
<.0
-11'
,
Exercises
Mathematics
Exercise 48: Review I (continued)
.'
13. 2(X2-3'X)1'3{yz+-~:;) =/2,

+ 3 (y 2+ t:J + J)
2 (x ~- 3 'X +;)
. 2 (x -
~)
'2+ 3 rJ+3)
'2-.:::
"
:: /2 I-
I- 2 7
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1
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limp lilvcte 1= /I
C :;D
=0
f.~tJo...J.iOI]:
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J:::
17
=; =; J"FpsB{xtc)tJ)
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p055 ib i /i+iC5 ex
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seae s d.oes
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no+
7~-t.
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II
/s
G:7nvercJe.
tV ~ (8(00) =3(72)='2/~o
J,)
(217') = ~
radi<V1S
155
/'
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise ~8: Review I (continued)
'. ': /9. S"r;

ca5
of.:=
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%-
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I
I'
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Exercises
Mathematics
,"
Exercise 49: Review II
(II/~'~ II), (IIHIIT), (;111'(11), (/lTIIII)/ (rIlHII),. (III/T7), (liT I!T), (TII TJI]
,(TIIIII)/ (TIIIIT)) ~ 7TH)J (TTT II), (/THT~ (TII7T~ (JIm)/ (77 rr)
fa.)
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wa..ys
'
'
5-
Ica:51- 3 leti /5)= 3?fb
h) ~.f
2. fan x + I = sin x -f 0(7$ X

X
/ -Ian
J..IIJ
(.5 X ~
== SIn x
cosx
+-
3 5amf/e:::.
:>/n)(
-Face
::/'2.
//))f,
Slit X
c~
,I
+ Od.5X
C2
~t?C2..
, 52 C 'f
I ," '
cosx
Cd S )( - .5,"n X
,
3x1
C2.
P(2 ~~c:e)
:=;2
COS;i
-
r, a, K dl?J
card.,.'
a fh er I-w,o cards .: 7'tJ {'z
,/ - S
52 (7'
66 7&/
27()725
=0. 1'1
I
C05X
X +0t75X
"CdS X - 6in X
;::. Sin
I
\'
I,
=-RHS
rr-:-.."....------t ( '2-,1
'f.
1(.-~11)
S. /'5(X'2.+2XI-5)-~5
IOjS02+-2X+5)::::2
(-
X-5
5 '2 = X
'2 1- 2.x
(x~S)=2
'
-r 5
X-5
X -/25.= x " +-2x-r5
a= X'2 - 23X 1- /30
(x -/3)( X-It? )
)( =1'3/ X;: /0
25
o~
cheek:
bcrlhar~ aCC~ffzU:,/~
vatocs
157
'1,
Senior 4 Pre;Calculus
, Solutions to Cumulative
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 49: Review II (continued)

I
(,.
'2() ::: fan
fal7
fan
<9
-kn'~~ -S~C6)
,S~e '2&- -
see'
fan & (fa" (!}-/) =0 "

t'VJ t9 C1 l-al7 6} = I
26) -
t9
z:
't{t/3
,
,
r.::
/ -
I,
.5I!!?oe -/
.s~c<9 -
=0
2 .::0
(set' & '- .;.){see t9 f /~ =~

See () :=: 2 dr- s~C' 6J' = - J
OJ S (9 =h. ar c(J5~ s: -l
1
8' . e(IlJd)
=(J
-/
--knt9- ::::
()
'2(9
21<-1l',I S!"3 of 2 k1l'} 7T~2K1i'-
whe~ k
eI"
~"
2.= J
J
y1..;t;-.x2
X'L+
;.! -/FX'Z
~:; +-('j-XIJ..
10 2 Sit} 2e ,-
2 sin
2(9
(2.siI'J()
6i0
Sine
=:3
/1,sfV"p/~
,66 = 30
,
SUf1? (1+$
{2J (,) (3,5) (~i)(s.'3)
,
,"(6,2)
p{sum .::8).::: ~0
I '
I
Sir;8 -3==0
-3)(5//)$+1)=0
e :::3
51/)
e .::- /
2
nil $0/17.
/2.
(~)x=8
2 - x, 2. 3
-x
;3
)(.=-3
/'1. I~Yz 3 2 ,
x= /~;Z
(l0 .=
x
32
2 - x.: 25"
-;x
x:
X::::
158
-5
32
,
Exercises
Mathematics
:= see
/5. fan r:x+C()-/- 0<
/.JIS
sinO(
--C(JS
S/n'2...
COS
'oC,
CtJ50<
+...:..;...-.Sin
0(,
0(
0< csc
0<
{'(IS '2 c:X
Sin ~
0(
"
1
C() S
- C(JSI 0<
=-
Sin
0<
see
0<'
"
. _/----:,..--Sil") c;(
Csc ex
0<'
.=: RHS.
J7.
/(JQ
(x3-X){i
J5
z:
'1
I'
1c:J
I,'
x '2{/'-5X)j$~J
5 X'1.
1'5 (-5)( );;Z_ !tys(x'-X)'*
.=:2J~s)(+ $z l'C}s(/-Sx)-Ji.0}5Cr3-X),
2 ~5X +-~
(J-5X)- ~ Joys [X(x-J)(Xtf}];,
.::2 1~5 x .,.~ /~ 5 (/-5 x) -J2. DoyJ f'J~5 (X-/)tlr?Js
"5
(x 't-iJ
,
I I
a. .=r
..
: : : : : ::
I.
'"
"
b) 2x'2-t-y1..
""
X~ =~
=s
~ I,
fi3 = 3 0
::::.25
J . .I L . 1.
"'"T,r"r"'""'Ir","
:::/3
X'l-+~2::::
. 1. .1.
I,:::::::
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,
ii'
b.:J/~
. ~ .1 1. . 4. J . .I....
'J
X:::2. (2.)'J./-y'L:::'j
:;:2.=:5
J :::.:t is
X=-2
(-l)z+-.J~;:l
J'l.;::.5
y :::.1..;5
I.('l,-), (-2.,-15), (2, -,g)~(-2,-15)
159
'I'
/9.
I-ie, fhe ).f'ri~~ hrJ~lne;

'1 ret7ple in 9. w4jS ,
3 -Pt- jlend., ,'n 3! W~5
9! X 3l s: 2/77280 '
4{,~
I'
..~.+.~-~.-!--~--~.-~.+-~--.- --~.. ~-+.

I
-r--r-",--
--,--,-"',.--,--",_
I'
--r--r-"-I
.-- --
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: 0
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:\:
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, "
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: : ~--!--~..
: : : -;--i--
: :
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b) .!},7
'1-10:1 2.
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.. -~--:-. ~--
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- -'- '-'
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YYltJV(
up q unil:5
::~:~
:::Fi:::~:::~::r+I::;::F
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..
:r
~ : -......
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z: -
fi
3
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..-;'\.
CdS tI +CtJS
67
stn It:
::(-::)(-1)+(-1)(0)
:::..p;
160
..~..... '~..',...~..'~'.~."j.'.:".~".:..
'0
S;nB,
:+:~::~:+++:ttt+:t:
:
---,.--
2.1.
~ ,

,"
Exercise 50: Review III
/. .f2.~~~=(2'i)(8)+C2 Nz)
t
1-. ,.
+-
(k")
1<:::3
58
s:
-=
(Zi){(Y) [,-(lf21
382.5
/-J2
2. -1lx+1 s: 1-1- -Ix.,. 'j

2x tl .::lr2 -Ixr'! t-Xr7'
'1-1 =, 2 ix+~
.
,
+/~ = 1)' fIb

/2)( :; 0
'2. -
al?SWerS
X (x -/2) =0
if
S if) o
'[.
z:
,II - Co5
x.:: /2 .
='tl)
- = I R~/~cf
== / v
'
111111.
'2 t9
.::
-II- -1'~f
,ff
::: 2/:il~i'L
a.) s/ Ze = .1.0511')& eP.5&

2.<9 =015 2(9 -5/1}
-3-17
l-:;;1'V/- -8
b) ces
;<
& -~
z: /~
= 12.
"'"""T"'""T'""""""""'''''''''''''''''''''''''''--'-'-'''''''''''''''--'--'--
e:{,t""~
Check: ;/ x.:: () I ff
8x
.x/}..X
R:J5S,"hle
Z& = ~ - ~
-~--~-~-~--:--~- --:-- -~- --:--:---t-~-,-:--~-
-.,- -r - r -, -,-
-r -, -,-
I
'
- r -, - -,- -,. -, -,
~I-
-r-
~. Th~eenl-r~ /5 ~
(x -I) '1.+-{8- x) 2:25

,.
X'l - 2x +- I+-(; '/- 16)1 + X 'l .:25
2x'Z. -/8y +- 'II) =0
fhe
~.
z:
X::;
po in fs
So /Il-l-iOI?
o
'~---
Af'I,
.-f0
8(5,3
~IICII = ~
aJJ
p"'("e (~
n.
I1CA ;
. : L t9t'8
= ~
d; l/ttJ-8 /
.:0
T 20
(x-lj)fx-s)
X = i or
ra..:i/tls;s 5
fin!!
5.) / u-h'OI) Of)e:
,5. ~ ;;8-x
x" - 9x
eJ)&tnoi
Q15
-rs~):::;3/30
.:.z (#.13V = /6. 3
1) ani(s; 3)
lJa ;::f(tf-5)1..+(f-3)2;i2
By
#Je /Cl.W of C/Jsioes:

(fi) ~5"'Z..;5z-2f5X5){P58
l s: 5~-5()Ctlse
/105
l,..
e.::
s: ()
f'! == 25
2. tj .::
iX/
7'
& : CdS-/ ((7.76)
= 163'
761
Senior 4 Prct-calculus
,
Mathematics
Exercises
Exercise 50: Review III (continued)
.'
7.
D::: Dlle~f-
15.62. =Doe
15. ~
51(
21.72i :=/hf
2/. 72 Lj = Do
f.J:"
2 .::Do
::.
t: '2. k
Z I. 72 i
, 'k:()./(/~9(P
Do
.tn /. 310791
.:;::,3
gk
O 3278655. :;: 3k
= k ,.,
(l11
/5'02
e 12k.
/SbZ
'::=
e '2. (tJII)
/'7 ,200
5'./~ 5 20() = In
15(02 '.=1/2 5i
z: 16tf t'7
t-hv => 10 /t,"1 c X .(;, /(J

X vJj II J.,a.,.ve /fo5
= 3.2~2(},
,.
It
10 sin <9 + 2sir}(9 CO.5.t9 :;0

S/n {; (I f 2 C'O.5 8) =a
Sil7 & s: tJ () r C6 tJ .:::' - Y2..
(5J = ~ P. 2.Q\ I .7'P< 21l-' ,
e:: \',
dljih
-12~)7 ~(2X)7 f- 7(2.x)~(-i2j) + 2./ (2.x)5 (-Yzj) '2 ...
//'{LX
/28
I~. I. ceo
J '2
2:;.If X '.J -+ /63 X 5'
be b3 bj ~
2. Wa...Y5. The ~tJ5

c/.. 3 j rl s
The re ar:e
162
en-;
~o. ,22
1. Le-i x .;; 153 ~2.

103 X :::: t, 2 /tXj '153
t'1
12.5i ern
::::..e 31(
1m. ;'37~781 = ~
z:
s:
/5.6 t.
/. 3 7tJ78 I
,
'
((}.,~t)99~{5),
, '2./. 727:=: Doe
'
::::.
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/5.~2
z:
::::3):
,K = In 2/. 72'/ - In' 1.5~2

3'
,
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3K
/17 1./. 72f -117,154<2
e,.5K,
2/. 72'/
Do
I-ll'Je
21.72"/
e2k
2J. 72f z: 15.{'2c; 3~

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e9k
~2k
15~2..
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r 3hjb. Tho..+- deelSld/)

ae bea.rra,n(jed /n 3!
0
I'
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J)
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i:
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be made'
t. v..x:y.5.
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Exercises
.'
13. 3n fh...lj(n-2)(I')-.3)
JI31j
3n
5 (17- ~)th-s)
5
Mathematics
:::561-')(/)-'!2)(I?-~5c8- .i/)r/)-5".J
5".~ 3.2../
'3 r; = I? Z - 9n + 20
o ::n 2 - )2 17 + 2d
=(n-2)Ci?-/O.)
,,
~>2 .:
''I
/7=/0
.'
Jft, . Le..f b
+hen
= Q,r
c s: ar
a.b C =C{{ar
a3r3:8
a. r
:=.
b == 2
r+
177
){a.r9=a.
gr 3
'
2.
is nul ~St5j
.find ~ or C
bJe
163
'/'
Mathematics
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Senior Pre-Calculus Mathematics Solutions For Cumulative Exercises

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Manitoba Education and Training Cata logu ingi n Publication

'Senior 4 pre-calculus mathematics. Solutions

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Senior 4 Pre-Oalcutus Mathematics

Mathematics Field Validation (Pilot) Project (1997-0(

Dave Barnes (1998-99)

Brandon S.D. No. 40

Mathematics Field Validation (Pilot) Project (1997-00) (continued)

Peter Pura (1998-00)

Kelvin High School

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Production Support Unit

Curriculum Unit '

Learning Technologies Unit

Wayne Wfltt '

Degree and Radian Measure 3

Solutions to Cumulative Exercises

This document is provided to Manitoba teachers of Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics to support

Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics

Solutions to Cumulative Exercises

Exercise 1: Degree and Radian Measure

'/. '180 a ,- 1300

<'1!- or ["Y2, I 1l")

t" Conver+ 2LJo fo radia.n.s-

d.)-{),~925 .:.L:) )(~~O,?825(i~

Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics

Solutions to Cumulative Exercises

Exercise ,1: Degree and Radian'Measure (continued)

e,:; Lj,gu ::;

. ~ = 0/3 xd- /2.

Solutions to Cumulative Exercises

Senior 4 Pre-Calculus Mathematics

Exercise 2: The Unit Circle

.,'. cu+errn;ntAl Q,nQ/e 2fl\

Solutions to Cumulative Exercises