BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology

(BUFT)

LAB REPORT
COURSE NAME: SPECIAL FABRICS (LAB)

COURSE CODE: TEX2101

SUBMITED BY

Group-04

SL. NAME ID

01 SHAH ABIR MUSTAB 192-075-101

02 SHIHAB UDDIN AHMED 192-077-101

03 SHAMS HOSSAIN 192-078-101

04 ABDULLAH AL MAMUN 192-081-101

 BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology
(BUFT)

Apparel Manufacturing & Technology

(AMT)

COURSE NAME: SPECIAL FABRICS (LAB)

COURSE CODE: TEX2101

ASSINGMENT ON
REPORT SUBMITTED TO
MOST. UMMELEWARA BRISTI
Assistant Professor, Dept. of AMT,

BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology(BUFT)

SUBMISSION DATE
31 JANUARY 2020
 Acknowledgement
We thank our honorable MOST. UMMELEWARA BRISTI mam to offer us
a Lab report on the topic “Special Fabrics”. We thank her for sharing her
knowledge with us on this topic. She helped us to understand this topic.
She has offered us a variety of knowledge and her experience.

INDEX
SL. NAME

01 Tape Fabrics
02 Webbing Fabrics
03 Ribbon Fabrics
04 Lace Fabrics
05 Label Fabrics
06 Braid Fabric
07 Belts Fabric
08 Voile Fabric
09 Poplin Fabric
10 Satin Fabric
11 Chiffon Fabric
12 Georgette Fabric
13 Denim fabric
14 Drill fabrics
15 Corduroy fabric
16 Cambric Fabric
17 Single Jersey-knits fabric
18 Double Jersey
19 Pique Knits
20 Slab Jersey
21 Fleece Knits
22 French Terry
23 Grindle Jersey
24 Yarn dyed stripe jersey
25 Waffle – knits
26 Velour – knits
 WOVEN FABRICS

Tape Fabric

Introduction of Tape Fabrics:

Definition: A woven narrow fabric, generally plain weave used in non-load-bearing

applications and the reinforcing of fabrics to resist wear and deformation.

Figurer: Tape Fabric

Features of Tape Fabric:

It’s a single ply woven narrow fabrics

Usually plain weave is used and also simple twill or zigzag twill can be used
 Width maximum 18” in UK standard and 12” in USA standard.

Weight is less than webbing, 850gm/ 100 m of 25 mm width.

Used in non-load bearing application.

Superior heat resistance

Superior flame retardant

Material used for Tape Fabric Making:

Cotton

Polyester

Nylon

Glass fabric

End-Use of Tape Fabric:

For binding tape as file covers.

Dimensionally stable nylon tape coated with poly-urethane is used as dividing tape.

Used as Wicks (100% cotton).

Identification of garments in laundering.

For spindle drive in Ring Spinning.

 Webbing Fabric

Introduction of Webbing Fabrics:

Definition: Webbing is a strong fabric woven as a flat strip or tube of varying width and
fibers, often used in place of rope. Webbing is a woven narrow fabric, the prim function of
which is load bearing. It is generally of a course weave and multiple plies.

Figurer: Webbing Fabrics

Features of Webbing Fabric:

There are two basic constructions of webbing. Flat webbing is a solid weave, with seatbelts
and most backpack straps being common examples. Tubular webbing consists of a flattened
tube, and is commonly used in climbing and industrial applications.

Webbing is both light and strong, with breaking strengths readily available in excess of
10,000 lb. (44.4 KN).

It is a narrow fabric woven coarsely.

It is multiplying fabrics.
 It is produced in width up to and including 450mm.

Weight should be greater than 1.3 kg/ loom of 25 mm width.

Mainly Spun yarn is used.

Material used for webbing fabric Making:

Originally made of cotton or flax,

Most modern webbing is made of synthetic fibers such as nylon, polypropylene or polyester.

Webbing is also made from exceptionally high-strength material, such as Dynamo, and
Kevlar.

End-Use of Webbing Fabric:

It is a versatile component used in

Climbing,

Slacklining,

Furniture manufacturing,

Automobile safety,

Auto racing

Towing

Parachuting

Military apparel

Load securing,

Elastic purpose.
 Ribbon Fabric

Introduction of Ribbon Fabrics:

Definition: Ribbon is an attractive woven narrow fabric, characterized in higher qualities by

fine warp yarns and high warp density and usually of lustrous appearance.

Figurer: Ribbon Fabric

Features of Ribbon Fabric:

It is an attractive narrow fabric.

High thread density.

Lustrous appearance.

Fine filaments are used generally but spun yarns can be used.

Mainly satin weave but plain or twill can be used.

The produce has a fudged edge.

Material used for Ribbon fabric Making:

Polyester

Nylon

Rayon etc.

End-Use of Ribbon Fabric:

Hair Tie-up.

Opening.

Packing.

Decorative purpose.

Lace Fabric

Introduction of Lace Fabrics:

Definition: Lace is an open fabric of yarns formed into open intricate designs. Lace is
delicate, classic, and always elegant. Their construction varies from simple to complicated and
fine to coarse construction.

Figurer: Lace Fabric

Features of Lace Fabric:

It is one of the most delicate groups of fabric.

Liable to shrink and change their patterned shape and appearance.

Laces is very susceptible to snagging or breaking in use because of the many loose yarns,
floats and loops that can get caught.

Once lace is torn it cannot be mended satisfactory because the mend shows.

Lace fabrics that are sized with water-soluble or solvent soluble sizing may become limp in
use and cleaning.

Material used for Lace Fabric Making:

Manufactured lace may be made of synthetic fiber

Linen,

silk,

End-Use of lace Fabric:

Lace is truly the aristocrat of textile fabrics.

It is used for decorative appearance and its function is to adorn.

Used for all-over garment designs, insertion and bedding.

 Label Fabric

Introduction of Label Fabrics:

Definition: Label is garment accessories and also a narrow fabric. It is a most important
component of export quality garments because it contains garments size, fiber composition, care
information, country of origin, company name, trade mark etc. which are pre-requisite
information for any type of garments and also for export quality garments.

Figurer: Label Fabric

Types: There are two types of label-

Woven Label

Printed Label

Woven Label: Woven labels are classified according to use-

Main Label: It indicates the trade name of buyer.

Sub Label: Sub labels are three types:

1. Size Label: It indicates the size of garments.

2. Care Label: It contains care instruction.

3. Composition Label: It contains fiber composition.

Printed Label: Printed label are of two types:

1. Main Label.

2. Sub Label-

Size Label.

Care Label.

Composition Label.

Raw material used: Polyester yarn.

Loom used: Air jet, Rap

Structure: Woven design, Satin: 4/1; 5/1;6/1

Shedding: Jacquard shedding is used.

Label size: Ranges from 1/4” to 8”.

Braid Fabric

Introduction Of fabric:

Definition: Braiding is a simple form of narrow fabric construction. A braid is a rope like thing,
which is made by interweaving three or more stands strips or lengths in a diagonally overlapping
pattern. They have good elongation characters and very pliable, curving around edges nicely.
 Figurer: Braid Fabric

Braid fabric Classification:

1. Elastic braid
2. Non elastic Braid

Features of Braid fabric:

Braid fabric is one kind of narrow fabric.

Braid fabric is very high strength fabric

Braid fabric made to 3 or more stands yarn intertwining.

It is diagonal formation.

End use of Braid:

Industrial belts and surgical sutures

Increasing application of electrical wires and cables, harness, ropes.

For building light weight frames and structures such as trusses

General areas of uses shoe lace, cloth lines, sash cord etc.
 Belt Fabric
Introduction of Belts fabric:

Definition: Belts are multilayer fabrics which is called treble cloth. The demand of these fabrics
is growing around the world thanks to the sensibilitization of the society, requiring more safety at
work. It is considered as a technical protective fabric.

Figurer: Belt Fabric

Features of Belts Fabric:

It is a narrow woven fabric.

It's strength very high.

Belts fabric is fashionable fabrics.

More robust loom is required.

Heavy beat-up force required.

End Uses of Belt fabric:

Cars sit belts.

Men -women fashion.

Others fabric

Voile Fabric

Interdiction of Voile fabric:

Definition: Voile is a lightweight, plain woven fabrics usually made from 100% cotton or cotton
blend. Voile comes in a wide range of colors and prints. The terms are fresh for veil. Because of
its light weight, the fabric is mostly used for window treatments and mosquito nets. It has clinging
effect. Cotton voile fabric easily makes the top five fabric best suitable for summer apparel.

Figurer: Figurer: Voile Fabric

Feature of Voile fabrics:

Voile fabric is plain woven fabric.

It is sheer and lightweight fabric

It has soft feel.

It drapes and gathers very well.

Generally, 100% cotton and less resilient.

End uses of Voile fabric:

A men's shirt

A shirtdress

A tunic

Ladies dresses.

Dress lining

Accessory fabric in apparels.

Poplin Fabric

Introduction of Poplin Fabric:

Definition: Poplin also called tabbinet is a strong in a plain weave of any fiber or blend. The
poplin construction using fine silk warp yarns, filled in with a heavier wool yarn. This is how it
gets the classic ribbed textured. It is made with wool, cotton, silk, rayon, or any mixture of these,
though originally made from silk. 2 yarns of different thicknesses in a plain weave.

Figurer: Poplin Fabric

Features of Poplin fabric:

It is plain weave fabric.

It is soft and medium weight fabric.

It has poor crease resistance.

It has average drivability.

It is durable and has good wear resistance.

End uses of Poplin fabrics:

Men's shirts, blouses, pajamas, children's clothes, and dresses.

Perfect for making banners or table drape displays in stores or tradeshows.

It is also widely used as all kinds of sportswear, shirts, boy’s suits, uniforms.
 Satin Fabric

Introduction of Satin fabric:

Definition: Satin refers to the weave of a fabric rather than the material. It typically has a glossy
surface and a dull back, one of three fundamental types of textile weaves along with plain weave
and twill. The satin weave is characterized by four or more fill or weft yarns floating over a warp
yarn, four warp yarns floating over a single weft yarn. Floats are missed interfacings, for example
where the warp yarn lies on top of the weft in a warp-faced satin. If a fabric is formed with a satin
weave using filament fibers such as silk, polyester or nylon, the corresponding fabric is termed a
satin, although some definitions insist that the fabric be made from silk. If the yarns used are short-
staple yarns such as cotton, the fabric formed is considered a sateen.

Figurer: Satin Fabric

Features of Satin Fabric:

Schreiner finish to produce lustier.

Soft and good rap ability.

It is flat and lustrous with a smooth surface.

 The surface slides easily for linings.

The shorter floats like 4/1 or 1/4 and spun fabrics may be tough, compact and durable with
low luster.

End Uses of Satin Fabrics:

Commonly used in apparel: satin baseball jackets, athletic shorts.

Women’s lingerie, nightgown, blouses and evening gowns, but also in some men's boxer
short shirts and neckties.

It is also used in the production of pint shoes for use in ballet.

Others uses include interior furnishing fabrics, upholstery, and bed sheets.

CHIFFON FABRIC

Introduction of Chiffon fabric:

Introduction: Chiffon is a term that is used to refer to a wide variety of different types of
fabrics that all share similar qualities. Chiffon as a weaving process that produces a lightweight;
Palin weave fabric with a slight shine. The chiffon weave results is small puckers that make the
fabrics a little rough to the touch. It is made by highly twisted yarn and woven in gummed
condition. It is a lightweight, balanced plain-woven sheer fabric, or gauze, woven of alternate S
&Z twist crepe yarns. It is flimsy in nature.
Features of Chiffon fabrics:

Chiffon is woven fabric made by polyester.

Highly twisted yarns.

It is resilient and drapes well.

Chiffon has a shimmery surface.

Extremely lightweight and flimsy.

End Uses:

commonly used in evening wear.

Blouses

Floating appearance to the gown.

Ribbons

Night grown.

Linings.

GEORGETTE FABRICS

Introduction: Georgette is woven fabric made from silk, rayon & polyester fabrics. Georgette
is a lightweight, cranked and sheer fabric, displaying an overall bouncy look. Georgette is woven
in highly tested yarns of S&Z in both warp and weft. The georgette is the best fashionable fabrics
and best durable stronger fabrics. Georgette fabric create by and named after Parisian dressmaker
georgette de la planet. Used for scarves Flowing garments, and lining fabrics.
Feature of Georgette fabrics:

It is woven highly twisted fabric

It is sheer fabric and lightweight.

It is snagging is more and difficult to sew.

Uneven textured and has crispy feel.

Good drapability.

Slight stretch

End uses:

Dresses

Sarees

Home decor

Wist belts

Gowns and skirts etc.

 Denim Fabric

Introduction: Denim is a strong cotton fabric made using a twill weave, which creates a subtle
diagonal ribbing pattern. The cotton twill fabric is warp-facing, meaning that the weft threads go
under two or more warp threads, and the warp yarns are more prominent on the right side. The
diagonal ribbing is what makes denim fabric different from canvas or cotton duck, which is also
a sturdy woven cotton fabric. fibers are harvested and spun into yarn, the yarns are dyed. The jeans
are often indigo-dyed, making them the classic blue color for denim. Cotton denim is woven either
on a shuttle loom or a projectile loom. Denim is very versatile fabrics. Blue color is original color
of denim but dyed into different color.

Features of Denim fabric:

Denim us durable heavy weight weave woven.

Denim fabric original color is blue.

Denim is popular worded fits and durability fabrics.

It is used for long time wearing.

It is feeling hard during wearing.

Denim fabrics creases easily.

End uses:

Pants

Shirts

Hats

Dresses

Lightweight jackets and suits

Shorts, children’s cloths

Casual style clothing such as jeans.

DRILL FABRIC

Introduction: Drill is stout durable cotton fabric with a strong bias (diagonal) in the weave. It
can be used unbleached, although it is more often bleached or dyed. Cotton drill is a highly durable
pure cotton fabric with a strong twill weave that offers a diagonal strand appearance and an
interesting texture. The fabric comes in vibrant colors and various patterns, which gain their
strength and durability because of the presence of twill weaves. According to the cotton drill fabric
manufacturers, the fabric is available in cotton and poly cotton variants and will find huge market
due to its use in making clothing of heavy or medium weights like the home décor furnishings,
uniforms and work wear, shirts, trousers, jackets, bags, aprons, heavy weight dresses and more.
Features of Drill fabrics:

It is a strong diagonal weave.

It is medium to heavy weight.

It is strong and durable

Has high tensile strength.

Has good drapability.

It is tightly woven fabric.

Comfortable fabric.

End Uses:

The lighter weights drill is used for skirts, trousers, dresses, jackets, and household items.

The heavyweight drill is used as work clothes, industrial uses and wall coverings.

It is also used as pocketing, shoe linings, book bindings,

and corsets, backing for coated fabric, ticking, banners, slip covers and sportswear.

Khaki drill is used as uniforms and boat-sail drill is used as sails for sailing craft
 CORDURY FABRIC

Introduction: Corduroy is a textile with a distinct pattern, a "cord" or wale. Modern corduroy
is most commonly composed of tufted cords, sometimes exhibiting a channel (bare to the base
fabric) between the tufts. Corduroy is, in essence, a ridged form of velvet. Both velvet and
corduroy derive from fustian fabric. Corduroy is made by weaving extra sets of fiber into the base
fabric to form vertical ridges called wales. The wales are built so that clear lines can be seen when
they are cut into pile. Textile producers also sometimes make corduroy with wool, but the ridges
present on wool corduroy are not as visible as the ridges on corduroy made with other materials.
Fabric manufacturers dye corduroy in a wide variety of different colors, and one form of corduroy
dying results in an uneven fading that is highly aesthetically pleasing.

Features of Corduroy fabric:

It is warm.

It is durable fabric

It is thick and stable fabric

It absorbs and releases moisture quickly.

End Uses:

Used for better cloths, draperies and upholstery.

 It is commonly made into pants or trousers, jackets (sports) and shirts.

Corduroy is also used as skirts, suits, slacks, children's cloths and dresses.

As a fabric, corduroy is considered a durable cloth. Corduroy is found in the construction

of trousers, jackets and shirts.

CAMBRIC FABRIC

Introduction: Cambric is a finely woven cloth with a plain weave and a smooth surface
appearance, the result of the calendaring process. It may be made of linen or cotton. The fabric
may be dyed any of many colors. Chambray, though the same type of fabric as cambric, has a
colored warp and a white weft, though it may be made from any color as you may wish, in the
warp, and also in the filling; only have them differ from each other. The term "cambric cloth" also
applies to a stiff, usually black, open-weave cloth typically used for a dust cover on the bottom of
upholstered furniture.

Features of Cambric Fabric:

It is pile woven fabric

The fabric is - light to medium weight, crispy.

Have high tensile strength.

Has stiff feel.

 KNIT FABRICS

Single Jersey-knits

Introduction of Single Jersey-knits fabric:

Definition: Jersey fabric is a type of knit textile made from cotton or a cotton and synthetic
blend. Some common uses for jersey fabric include t-shirts and winter bedding. The fabric is
warm, flexible, stretchy, and very insulating, making it a popular choice for the layer worn
closest to the body. Jersey also tends to be soft, making it very comfortable.

Figurer: Single Jersey Fabric

Features of Single Jersey:

Face side and back side of fabric are different.

Curl or roll of fabric occurs at the edges.

Wales are clearly visible on the face side of the fabric.

Extensibility in widthwise is approximately twice than length.

 Unraveling of fabric occurs from either side is possible.

Thickness of fabric is approximately twice the diameter of yarn used.

There is only one series of knitted loop per courses in the fabric.

Comfortable fit in woven fabrics, freedom of movement, shape retention, excellent drape
ability and crease recovery.

Consistent quality effecting high yield in knitting.

Almost 100% recovery in the garments.

Good resistance to chemicals.

End Uses of Single Jersey Fabrics:

Used for leisure wear manufacturing Men’s, Women’s and Kids wear.

Used for sportswear.

Used for manufacturing under garments.

Also used for industrial and medical purpose.

Double Jersey-1x1 Knit Rib

Definition: Double jersey fabric is manufactured by weft knitting technique. Two sets of
needles are used for face and back knitting. Can be 1x1 ribs, 2x2 ribs, 2x1 rib etc. depending
on the end use Interloping of yarn takes place.
Features of Double Jersey:

High stretch ability and elastic recovery is than single jersey.

Soft and resilient.

Reversible type.

High drapability and good fall.

Dimensional stability is low.

High shrinkage in natural fiber.

End Uses of Double Jersey Fabrics:

Used for leisure wear manufacturing Men’s, Women’s and Kids wear as accessory fabric.

Used in sportswear for collar and cuff.

 Used for manufacturing under garments.

Pique Knits

Definition: Jersey fabric is manufactured by warp knitting technique. It can be knitted using
any fiber content. One set of needles are used for knitting.
Interloping of yarn takes place in vertical plane.

Features of Pique Knits:

Stretch ability is low and elastic recovery is more than weft knit single jersey.

Soft and resilient.

Non Reversible type.

High drapability and good fall.

Good Dimensional stability.

 High shrinkage in natural fiber.

End Uses of Pique Knits Fabrics:

Used for leisure wear manufacturing basically Men’s, Women’s and Kids Polo T-shirts.

Used for manufacturing sportswear.

Slab Jersey-Knits

Definition: Single jersey fabrics are manufactured by weft knitting technique. Here
interloping of slab yarn takes place. Soft twisted yarns are used. It is manufactured on circular
knitting machine. Fabric dyeing is carried out in solid colors so that slub effect is prominent.

Features of Slab Jersey:

High stretch ability and elastic recovery.

 Soft and resilient.

High drapability and good fall.

Dimensional stability is low.

High shrinkage in natural fiber.

End Uses of Slab Jersey Fabrics:

Used for leisure wear manufacturing Men’s, Women’s and Kids wear. Used for
sportswear. Used for manufacturing under garments.

Also used for industrial and medical purpose.

Fleece Knits

Definition: It is available as brushed or unbruised fleece. It is a soft napped insulating

synthetic fabric made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or other synthetic fibers. Soft
twisted yarns are used. It is manufactured on circular knitting machine.
Features of Fleece Knits:

Available as brushed or unbruised fleece.

It is a soft napped insulating synthetic fabric made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
or other synthetic fibers.

Soft twisted yarns are used.

It is manufactured on circular knitting machine.

End Uses of Fleece Knits Fabrics:

Used in casual jackets, hats, sweaters, jogging bottoms/sweatpants, gym clothes, Hoodies,
inexpensive throw blankets, and high-performance outdoor clothing.

French Terry Knits

Definition: Available as 3 or4thread French terry in the market. Soft twisted coarse yarns are
used. It is manufactured on flat knitting machine. Consists of tuck and miss structure on the
back side. GSM of the fabric is high.100% Cotton is used.
Features of French Terry:

Low stretch ability and high elastic recovery.

Soft, resilient and thick fabric.

Warmth retention.

Non reversible fabric different or same yarns used for face and back.

High drapability and good fall.

Highly absorbent.

Dimensional stability is high.

End Uses of French Terry Fabrics:

Used in casual jackets, hats, sweaters, jogging bottoms/sweatpants, gym clothes, Hood.

Grindle Jersey-Knits

Definition: Soft twisted coarse grindle yarns are used. It is manufactured on circular knitting
machine. GSM of the fabric is Medium to High. 100% Cotton is used.
Features of Grindle Jersey:

Low stretch ability and high elastic recovery.

Soft and resilient fabric.

Non reversible fabric different or same yarns used for face and back.

High drapability and good fall.

Highly absorbent
.
Dimensional stability is high.

End Uses of Grindle Jersey Fabrics:

Used for leisure wear manufacturing Men’s, Women’s and Kids wear.

Yarn dyed stripe jersey – knits

Definition: Fabric is manufactured by weft knitting technique. Soft twisted are used. Can
be single jersey or pique structure. It is classified as auto and feeder striper. It is manufactured
on circular knitting or flat knitting machine.
Low to medium GSM fabric.100% Cotton or blends may be used.
Features of Yarn dyed stripe jersey:

Low stretch ability and high elastic recovery.

Soft and resilient fabric.

Non reversible fabric different or same yarns used for face and back.

High drapability and good fall.

Highly absorbent.

Dimensional stability is high.

End Uses of Yarn dyed stripe jersey:

Used for leisure wear manufacturing Men’s, Women’s and Kids wear.

Waffle – knits

Definition: Fabric is manufactured by weft knitting technique. Soft twisted are used. Waffle
weave is a reversible, woven knit fabric with a raised geometric texture that looks like
honeycomb. It can be solid or striper. It is manufactured on circular knitting or flat knitting
machine. 100% Cotton or blends may be used.
 Features of Waffle – knits:

High stretch ability and low elastic recovery.

Soft and resilient fabric.

Warmth retention.

Non reversible fabric different or same yarns used for face and back.

Good drivability and but poor fall.

Highly absorbent.

Dimensional stability is low.

End Uses of Waffle – knits Fabrics:

Used for leisure wear manufacturing Men’s, Women’s and Kids wear.

Velour – knits

Definition: Fabric is manufactured by weft knitting technique. Soft twisted are used. Cut or
uncut piles are present on the surface of the fabric. Velour is a knitted fabric, allowing it to
stretch. It combines the stretchy properties of knits such as spandex with the rich appearance
and feel of velvet.
Features of Velour – knits:

High stretch ability and elastic recovery.

Soft and resilient fabric.

Warmth retention.

Non reversible fabric.

Good drapability and fall.

Dimensional stability is high.

End Uses of Velour – knits Fabrics:

Used for leisure wear, manufacturing Men’s, Women’s and Kids wear.
Upholstery purpose.