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Posted by jessie on 3 November, 2008 14 Comments This item was filed under [ How to Write a Thesis ] If you're new here, you may want to subscribe to my RSS feed. Thanks for visiting! In thesis writing, the most difficult part to write is Chapter 1 (Introduction/The Problem). As they say, the most difficult part of any endeavor is the starting point. This is because the first chapter is where you conceptualize your entire research. The whole research/thesis can be reflected in Chapter 1 including expected results or outcomes. For your guidelines, please read the following sample format of Chapter 1. Remember, the format is not universal, meaning it could vary from one school to another and/or from one course to another. CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM

Chapter 1 includes the following subtopics, namely: 1) Rationale; 2) Theoretical Framework; 3) Conceptual Framework/Paradigm; 4) Statement of the problem; 5) Hypothesis (Optional); 6) Assumption (Optional); 7) Scope and Delimitation; Importance of the study; 9) Definition of terms. Rationale 1. Background of the study 2. Describe the problem situation considering global, national and local forces. 3. Justify the existence of the problem situation by citing statistical data and authoritative sources. 4. Make a clinching statement that will relate the background to the proposed research problem. Theoretical Framework Discuss the theories and/or concepts, which are useful in conceptualizing the research. Conceptual Framework/Paradigm 1. Identify and discuss the variables related to the problem. 2. Present a schematic diagram of the paradigm of the research and discuss the relationship of the elements/variables therein. Statement of the Problem 1. The general problem must be reflective of the title. 2. It should be stated in such a way that it is not answerable by yes or no, not indicative of when and where. Rather, it should reflect between and among variables. 3. Each sub-problem should cover mutually exclusive dimensions (no overlapping). 4. The sub-problem should be arranged in logical order from actual to analytical following the flow in the research paradigm. Hypothesis (Optional) 1. A hypothesis should be measurable/ desirable. It expresses expected relationship between teo or more variables. It is based on the theory and/or empirical evidence.

2. There are techniques available to measure or describe the variables. It is on a one to one correspondence with the specific problems of the study. 3. A hypothesis in statistical form has the following characteristics: 4. It is used when the test of significance of relationships and difference of measures are involved. 5. The level of significance if stated. Assumption 1. An assumption should be based on the general and specific problems. 2. It is stated in simple, brief, generally accepted statement. Scope and Delimitation Indicate the principal variables, locale, timeframe, and justification. Importance of the Study 1. It describes the contributions of the study as new knowledge, make findings more conclusive. 2. It cites the usefulness of the study to the specific groups. Definition of Terms 1. Only important terms taken from the title, statement of the problem, assumptions, hypothesis, and the research paradigm are to be defined. 2. The terms should be arranged alphabetically and should be defined lexically and/or operationally. 3. The operational definition may include measures or indices used in measuring each concept.

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How to Write the Bibliography, Appendix and Curriculum Vitae of a Thesis (1) How to Write Chapter 5 of a Thesis: Basic Format (0) How to Write Chapter 4 of a Thesis: Basic Format (0) How to Write Chapter 3 of a Thesis: Basic Format (0) How to Write Chapter 2 of a Thesis: Basic Format (0)

How to Write Chapter 2 of a Thesis: Basic Format

Posted by jessie on 4 November, 2008 No comments yet This item was filed under [ How to Write a Thesis ]

This is a sample format of a thesis. Just like in the previous article How to Write Chapter 1 of a Thesis: Basic Format, the format of Chapter 2 (Review of Related Literature) could vary from one institution to another. CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter starts with a brief introductory paragraph concerning the researchers exploration of related literature and studies on the research problem. It states the main coverage of said chapter, to wit: 1) Related Literature and 2) Related Studies.
1. It should be organized thematically to confirm to the specific problems; 2. It should synthesize evidence from all studies reviewed to get an overall understanding of the state of the knowledge in the problem area; 3. As much as possible, the reviewed should be limited within the last ten years. 4. A clinching statement showing how the related materials had assisted the researchers in the present study should be the last part.

How to Write Chapter 3 of a Thesis: Basic Format

Posted by jessie on 6 November, 2008 No comments yet This item was filed under [ How to Write a Thesis ]

Writing Chapter 3 of a thesis requires the assistance of a statistician (in most cases). This is because it is in this chapter that the thesis writer is usually required to indicate what statistical tools he intends to use in data analysis. Here is the basic format of Chapter 3. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter of a thesis commences a brief statement and enumerating the main topics that are to be covered in it; namely; 1) Research Design; 2) Sources of Data (Locale

of the Study and Population/Sampling); 3) Instrumentation and Data Collection; and 4) Tools for Data Analysis. Research Design The appropriate research design should be specified and described. Sources of Data Describe the locale of the study and the research population. Locale of the Study Describes the place where the study was conducted and the rationale behind its choice. Population/Sampling Describe the population of interest and the sampling of subjects used in the study. Instrumentation and Data Collection

Describe the instrument, what it will measure, how to interpret, to whom it will be administered and if it is necessary, describe how it will be administered. Discuss how the validity and the reliability will be established. Specify the level of reliability (probability). Give details of instruction given to assistants if persons other than the researcher gather data. State qualifications of informants if used in the study.

Tools for Data Analysis

Determine and justify the statistical treatment for each sub-problem Determine and justify the scales of values used and the descriptive equivalent ratings, if any.

How to Write Chapter 4 of a Thesis: Basic Format

Posted by jessie on 7 November, 2008 No comments yet This item was filed under [ How to Write a Thesis ]

In thesis writing, the most difficult part to defend is Chater 4 because it is inthis section where you will present the results of the whole study. Here is a sample thesis format. CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA Presentation of Data

Present the findings of the study in the order of the specific problem as stated in the statement of the Problem. Present the data in these forms: Tabular Textual Graphical (optional)

The ZOOM LENS approach may be used for purposes of clarity in the presentation of data, i.e. general to particular, macro to micro or vice versa.

Analysis of the Data Data may be analyzed quantitatively or qualitatively depending on the level of measurement and the number of dimensions and variables of the study. Analyze in depth to give meaning to the data presented in the data presented in the table. Avoid table reading. State statistical descriptions in declarative sentences, e.g. in the studies involving: Correlation

State level of correlation State whether positive or negative Indicate the level of significance Make a decision

Differences of Measures

State the obtained statistical results

Indicate the level of significance of the difference Make a decision

Interpretation of Data
1. 2. 3. 4. Establish interconnection between and among data Check for indicators whether hypothesis/es is/are supported or not by findings. Link the present findings with the previous literature. Use parallel observations with contemporary events to give credence presented in the introduction. 5. Draw out implications.

How to Write Chapter 5 of a Thesis: Basic Format

Posted by jessie on 7 November, 2008 No comments yet This item was filed under [ How to Write a Thesis ]

In thesis writing, the Chapter is simply a summary of what the researcher had done all throughout the whole research. The following format serves as a sample: CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Summary of Findings

This describes the problem, research design, and the findings (answer to the questions raised). The recommended format is the paragraph form instead of the enumeration form. For each of the problems, present: The salient findings, The results of the hypothesis tested

Conclusions

These are brief, generalized statements in answer to the general and each of the specific sub-problems. These contain generalized in relation to the population. These are general inferences applicable to a wider and similar population. Flexibility is considered in making of conclusions. It is not a must to state conclusions on a one-to-one correspondence with the problems and the findings as all variables can be subsume in one paragraph. Conclusions may be used as generalizations from a micro to a macro-level or vice versa (ZOOM LENS approach).

Recommendations

They should be based on the findings and conclusion of the study. Recommendations may be specific or general or both. They may include suggestions for further studies. They should be in non-technical language. They should be feasible, workable, flexible, doable, adaptable. An action plan is optional.

How to Write the Bibliography, Appendix and Curriculum Vitae of a Thesis

Posted by jessie on 7 November, 2008 1 comment so far This item was filed under [ How to Write a Thesis ]

Other parts of a thesis usually include the bibliography, appendix or appendices, and curriculum vitae. Writing them is much easier than Chapters 1-5 because these are simple annotations and/or citations of references. The following is a sample format of these parts and how to write them: OTHER PARTS BIBLIOGRAPHY It should include all materials used and reviewed by the researcher arranged according to type, e.g. books, periodicals, unpublished materials, etc.

APPENDIX It may contain the following:

1. 2. 3. 4. Letters and other forms of communication Instruments used Sample computations Additional tables and figures

CURRICULUM VITAE Note: The thesis writer is advised to consult his/her graduate school dean for institutional policies on the format of the thesis/dissertation and CHED Requirements.