COMPOUND WORDS Compound words are words made up of two or more words.

They may be written in three ways: 1. with a hyphen as in mother-in-law 2. joined as one word as in teenager 3. written as separate words as in disc jockey

Exercise 1 What word in Column A can go with words in Column B to form a compound word? Write the letter of your answer on the blank. A ____________1. black ____________2. water ____________3. head ____________4. self ____________5. back ____________6. some ____________7. broken ____________8. blind ____________9. tooth ___________10. foot a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. B what service hearted board ache waiter ball fall date bone

Name:_______________________________________Date:____________________Score:__________ EXERCISE 2 Choose a compound word from the list to complete the sentences below:

finger proof fingertips legroom heartburn photograph

centerpiece independent-minded hand-me-downs runner-up accident-prone

write-up clock-watchers dog-tired overcome bootblack

1. My younger sister complains that her clothes are all ______________________________. 2. It took the child five years to________________________________ his fear of the dark. 3. During the holidays, the Christmas _________________________________ was a huge Santa Claus with a bag of gifts. 4. My _______________________________brother tripped over a book lying on the floor. 5. __________________________________ from the twenty-hour hike, I slumped down the bed and dozed off. 6. He usually suffers from ______________________________after a heavy meal. 7. My English teacher corrected the __________________________________ I was going to pass the school paper. 8. The test was easy. The answers were at my __________________________________. 9. The speaker could tell the ______________________________from the enthusiastic audience. 10. I need space. I need enough ____________________________ to breathe and relax.

LINGUISTIC SIGNALS Words that sound alike but have the different spellings and meanings are called homonyms or homophones. Example: Cain cane made maid tail tale Words that are spelled the same but have different meanings are called homographs. Some homographs sound the same. Examples: the run in my stockings the home run he made his blue coat he feels blue the plane we took we saw the vast plane Homographs that have the same spelling but do not have the same meaning and sound are called heteronyms. Examples: refuse the gift uncollected refuse to produce evidences the farms produce

Name:_______________________________________Date:____________________Score:__________ EXERCISE 1 Spot the error or errors in the use of the homonyms in each sentence. Underline the error or errors and above it/ them write your correction/corrections. 1. His weigh is 135 pounds. 2. Did you say it right the write answer? 3. We maid the bread for breakfast. 4. He promised to meat us in the meet section of the market. 5. She wore a plane dress to the party. 6. The waist should go to the waist basket. 7. We new there was a whole near the garage. 8. Did you by this for the too of us? 9. The dogs tale stood up in anger. 10. After an our, the pale was full.

IDIOMS An idiom is an expression that has a different meaning from the meaning of the words that compose it. The idiomatic expressions of a language are the most difficult to master; however, one must master the idioms of a language if he desires to have command of that language. Many idioms cannot be explained by the strict rules of grammar, although their general use has given them a reputable meaning. Set 1 Idioms and their Meanings 1. a fair-weather friend one that deserts you in times of difficulties 2. a wet blanket a person who dampens your enthusiasm 3. a greenhorn an inexperienced person 4.a birds eye view a view of an area seen from above 5. better half husband or wife 6. the die is cast a decision is made 7. feather in your cap something to be proud of 8. baptism of fire first experience under dangerous circumstances 9. a swan song a significant deed or statement made by a person before he dies 10. in the same boat in the same situation Exercise 1 Complete the sentences with one of the idioms in Set 1. 1. He won another _____________________________ when he graduated valedictorian. 2. Even before the dance started, Joyce tried to convince her friends to go home with her. She is indeed a ___________________________________________. 3. Therese lost in the lottery. Gerry lost money in his business. They are _________________________. 4. I thought since he has been my friend, he would help me. I realize he is a ______________________. 5. It is difficult to decide what to do unless you have a ________________________of the situation. 6. The young boys received their ______________________________when they fought in the Persian Gulf. 7. We will not change our plans ______________________________________. 8. Please help him because he is a __________________________________in this business of selling encyclopedias. 9. During the class reunion, we were forced to introduce our _________________________to our classmates. 10. His widely acclaimed book published by Scott Foreman is his ________________________________.