September 10, 2011

September 10, 2011

September 10, 2011

September 10, 2011

September 10, 2011

September 10, 2011

September 10, 2011

symbol

name

information

H H hydrogen lightest gaseous element, flammable, diatomic HH2 , hydrogen lightest gaseous element, flammable, diatomic 2 , Hindenburg Hindenburg
helium HeHe helium inert, 2nd lightest gas, monatomic, changes voice b/c inert, 2nd lightest gas, monatomic, changes voice b/c of low density, sun of low density, sun lightest metal, reactive, batteries and medicine for lightest metal, reactive, batteries and medicine for mental illness mental illness rare, found in gems like emerald, a hardening agent in

lithium Li Li lithium

Be

Be

beryllium

beryllium

rare, found in gems like emerald, a hardening agent in alloys alloys

ore Borax, (amorphous) brown powder, (crystalline) ore Borax, (amorphous) brown powder, (crystalline) black - 9.5 Moh's

boron

boron

black - 9.5 Moh's

September 10, 2011

symbol

name

information

C N

carbon nitrogen

essential element for life, several allotropes, versatile ex. graphite, diamond, charcoal "noxious air" chief component of air (76%), diatomic, unreactive as element very reactive in other molecules, used to blanket explosive environments ex. TNT, gunpowder, DNA, fertilizer essential for life, 21% atm., diatomic, reactive gas ex. O2, O3

oxygen

fluorine

most reactive nonmetal (burn hcarb's), diatomic, yellow-brown poisonous gas ex. NaF toothpaste, teflon, CFC's inert gas, monatomic, used in "neon" signs

Ne neon

September 10, 2011

symbol

name

information

Na sodium

reactive metal (explodes in H2O), found only in cmpds in nature ex. NaCl, Na+/K+ pump

Mg magnesium fairly reactive metal, burns white in air ex. MgO Al aluminum lightweight unreactive metal ex. airplanes and automobiles (fuel effeciency) metalloid, used in computer chips

Si P

silicon

phosphorus reactive nonmetal (white and red), ex. match tips, fertilizer

September 10, 2011

symbol

name

information

sulfur

relatively unreactive nonmetal, yellow, smells like rotten eggs ex. volcanoes, sulfur water, explosives very reactive diatomic gas, poisonous, yellow-brown ex. mustard gas, kills algae, bleaches clothes noble gas, monatomic

Cl

chlorine

Ar

argon

potassium extremely reactive metal, necessary mineral ex. Na+/K+ pump calcium reactive metal, needed for strong teeth and bones

Ca

September 10, 2011

21- Sc 22- Ti 23- V 24- Cr 25- Mn 26- Fe 27- Co 28- Ni 29- Cu 30- Zn 47- Ag 50- Sn 60- Nd 79- Au 80- Hg 82- Pb 92- U

Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Silver Tin Neodymium Gold Mercury Lead Uranium

Assorted Other Elements

I 37- Rb Rubidium 55- Cs Cesium 87- Fr Francium VII 35- Br Bromine 53- I Iodine 85- At Astatine

II 38- Sr Strontium 56- Ba Barium 88- Ra Radium VIII 36- Kr Krypton 54- Xe Xenon 86- Rn Radon

September 10, 2011

http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/JCESoft/CCA/pirelli/pages/cca3glycerin.html - nitrogen triiodide demo

Brown and Black Boron

Sulfur deposits at the cone of a volcano

September 10, 2011

Nitroglycerin

Trinitrotoluene - TNT

September 10, 2011

Scandium
Scandium is more common in the sun and certain stars than on Earth

World production of scandium is in the order of 2,000 kg per year as scandium oxide. The primary production is 400 kg while the rest is from stockpiles of Russia created during the Cold War.
The addition of scandium to aluminium limits the excessive grain growth that occurs in the heataffected zone of welded aluminium components . This has two beneficial effects: the precipitated Al3Sc forms smaller crystals than are formed in other aluminium alloys[20] and the volume of precipitate-free zones that normally exist at the grain boundaries of age-hardening aluminium alloys is reduced.[21] Both of these effects increase the usefulness of the alloy. However, titanium alloys, which are similar in lightness and strength, are cheaper and much more widely used.[22] The main application of scandium by weight is in aluminium-scandium alloys for minor aerospace industry components. These alloys contain between 0.1% and 0.5% of scandium. They were used in the Russian military aircraft Mig 21 and Mig 29.

Approximately 20 kg (as Sc2O3) of scandium is used annually in the United States to make high-intensity discharge lamps.
Some items of sports equipment, which rely on high performance materials, have been made with scandium-aluminium alloys, including baseball bats[23], lacrosse sticks, as well as bicycle[24] frames and components.

September 10, 2011

Chromium
AlloysChromium was regarded with great interest because of its high corrosion resistance and hardness. A major development was the discovery that steel could be made highly resistant to corrosion and discoloration by adding chromium and nickel to form stainless steel.

Paints Because of it's numerous oxidation number possibilities chromium compounds make a wide array of colorful compounds which are used in paints.

Gems It is also found in the mineral CROCOITE and the gem RUBY

September 10, 2011

CobaltColoring AgentCobalt compounds have been used for centuries to impart a rich blue color to glass, glazes, and ceramics. Cobalt has been detected in Egyptian sculpture, Persian jewelry,the ruins of Pompeii and in China dating from the Tang dynasty (AD 618907) and the Ming dynasty (AD 13681644).

Radiation/SterilizationCobalt-60 (Co-60 or 60Co) is useful as a gamma ray source because it can be produced in predictable quantity and high activity by simply exposing natural cobalt to neutrons in a reactor for a period. Its uses include sterilization of medical supplies and medical waste, radiation treatment of foods for sterilization (cold pasteurization)

Cobalt Blue Glass Chickens

They're EVERYWHERE!

September 10, 2011

CopperOne common use for copper plating, widespread in the 1700s, was the sheathing of ships' hulls. Copper sheathing could be used to protect wooden hulled ships from algae, and from the shipworm "Teredo navalis", a saltwater clam. The ships of Christopher Columbus were among the earliest to have this protection.[17

Cu

Brass
(Cu/Sn)

(Cu/Zn)

Bronze

September 10, 2011

Smelting involves more than just "melting the metal out of its ore". In most ores, the metal is tightly combined with other elements, such as oxygen (as an oxide) or sulfur (as a sulfide). With the exception of mercury oxide, which decomposes at about 500 C (932 F), these compounds will resist temperatures much higher than those that can be attained in a wood- or coal-burning furnace. Smelting therefore requires providing suitable reducing substances that will combine with those oxidizing elements, freeing the metal. Historically, the first smelting processes used carbon (in the form of charcoal) to reduce the oxides of tin (cassiterite, SnO2), copper (cuprite, CuO) and lead (Lead(II) oxide, PbO), and eventually iron (hematite, Fe2O3) according to the overall reactions 2 2 2 2 SnO2 + 2 C 2 Sn + 2 CO2 PbO + C 2 Pb + CO2 CuO + C 2 Cu + CO2 Fe2O3 + 3 C 4 Fe + 3 CO2

September 10, 2011