RIGID ISOLATED FOUNDATIONS

Given data:
l
st.x
450mm :
st.long
20mm : t
wall
30cm :
l
st.y
450mm :
st.transv
8mm : h
wall
2.80m :
CTS 0.60 m :
Ground stratigraphy:
0.00....-0.50
filling material:

k
18
kN
m
3
:
-0.50....-3.50
silty clay,brown, plastic consistent:

silty.k
18.2
kN
m
3
: e
silty
0.69 :
w
silty
22% : E
silty
12000kPa :
c'
k.silty
50kPa :
I
p.silty
21% :
I
c
0.70% :
'
k.silty
12deg :
-3.50....-10.00
clayey sand, yellow-brownwish:

clay.k
19
kN
m
3
: e
clay
0.65 :
w
clay
18% : E
clay
14000kPa :
c'
k.clay
5kPa 5 kPa :
I
p.clay
11% :
'
k.clay
24deg :
Design loads for each column:
-permanent distrib. loads:
p
k
15kPa :
-variable distrib. loads:
q
k
8kPa 8 kPa :
- Safety partial coeficient for C3:A1/A2+M2+R3:
Actions:

G
1 :
for permanent actions

Q
1.3 :
for variable actions
Geotechnical

parameters

:
M


= interior friction angle(fortg ')

effective cohesion :
resistance at undrained shearing:

resistance at compression:
volumetric weight:

1.25 :
'
c
1.25 :

cu
1.4 :

qu
1.4 :

1 :

R.
1 :

Resistance


:
R


= bearing capacity :
sliding resistance :
passive resistance:

R.h
1 :

R.E
1 :
Foundation depth Df - for silty clay grounds subjected to freezing action

:
freezing depth:
H
i
80cm :
D
f
H
i
20cm + 1m :
D
f
=H
i
+ (10...20cm)
TBF(teren bun de fundare):
D
f
H
tbf
20cm +
conventional pressure - determined according to humidity, granulosity and thickening degree in case of
nonchoesive soils or plasticity in case of choesive soils
p
conv
450kPa :
the values of
tg
adm
are taken from table,
in accordance with p
conv
or p
acc

=>from interpolation
-concrete class >C8/10
tg
adm
1.6 :
Central column AX2 transv X AX3 long
Cross section efforts:
N
S1
2210.80kN :
M
x1
126.04kN m : T
afx1
72.54kN :
T
afy1
61.69kN :
M
y1
131.73kN m :
a)
Minimum foundation depth
:

Freezing depth
:
D
f.min
H
ing
10...20 ( )cm + : H
ing
H
ing
80cm :
D
f.min
1.0m :
Good foundation soil
:
D
f
H
TBF
10...20 ( )cm + : H
TBF
H
TBF
0.5m :
D
f
H
TBF
0.2m + 0.7m :
b)
Used materials
:
Concrete
: -for simple concrete block:
X0 exposure class
concrete class is C12/15

-for the reinforced concrete block:
X0 exposure class
concrete class is C20/25
Steel
:
S500
c) Predemensioning
for the simple
concrete block:
p
conv
450kPa
p
acc
0.8p
conv
360kPa :
p
ef
V
d
B L
p
acc
:
V
d
N
Ed
G
fd
+ :
=> we approximate:
V
d
1.2N
Ed
:
-but we don't have the concrete block wheight
V
d.1
1.2 N
S1
2652.96kN :
L
B
:
=>
L B :
1.2 :
-intre 1.2...1.4
-width of concrete block
B
1.init
V
d.1
p
acc

2.478m : B
1
2.2m :
-length of concrete block
L
1.init
B
1
2.64m : L
1
2.8m :
for the reinforced concrete block
-for one steped concrete block: Lc/L=0.5....0.65
B
c/B=0.5....0.65
-width of lining
L
c1
0.5L
1
1.4m : L
c1
1.4m
-length of lining
B
c1
0.5B
1
1.1m : B
c1
1.1m
the height for the simple concrete block
H
1.init
tg
adm
L
1
L
c1

( )
2
1.12m :
H
1
1.2m :
H
1.init
tg
adm
B
1
B
c1

( )
2
0.88m :
-the check will be done on both directions:
tg
.L
H
1
L
1
L
c1

( )
2
1.714 : tg
.B
H
1
B
1
B
c1

( )
2
2.182 : tg
adm
1.6
tg
L.B
( )
tg
adm
( )
>
the height for the reinforced concrete block
-from technological conditions:
H
c
300mm
H
c
L
c
0.25
tg
2
3

-if
tg 1
no need for shear verification
H
c1
0.25L
c1
0.35m :
H
c1
L
c1
0.25 1
H
c1
0.5m :
-the check will be done on both directions:
tg
.1
H
c1
L
c1
l
st.y

( )
2
1.053 : tg
.1
1
-no need to verify for shear action
tg
.1
1
-no need to verify for shear action
tg
.1
H
c1
B
c1
l
st.x

( )
2
1.538 :
-foundation depth:
D
f1
H
1
H
c1
+ 0.80m + 2.5m :
(pan' la primul gol)
d) The verification for the bearing capacity:
V
d
N
S1
G
f1
+ :

med
20
kN
m
3
: b
gf
0.3m : h
gf
0.6m :
b
25
kN
m
3
:
H
tot1
D
f1
2.5m :
G
gf
b
gf
h
gf
5 m
b
22.5kN :
G
f
B
1
L
1
D
f

med
86.24kN : 0.45 0.03 0.03 0.39
V
d1
N
S1
G
f
+ G
gf
+ 2319.54kN :
We are in the case of
drained conditions
so we have to determine Pcr=Rd/A`, where Rd/A`=(Rd/A`)/
R,

R
=1
39 4 30 + 186
c'
d
c'
k.silty
'
c
40 kPa : '
d
atan
tan '
k.silty
( )

,
9.651deg : e 2.718 :
-bearing capacity:
N
q
e
tan '
d
( )

tan 45deg
'
d
2
+

,
2
2.393 :
N
c
N
q
1
( )
1
tan '
d
( )
8.193 :
N

2 N
q
1
( )
tan '
d
( )
0.474 :
-inclination of the foundation base:

i
0 :
b
q
1
i
tan '
d
( )

( )
2
1 :
b

b
q
1 :
b
c
b
q
1 b
q

( )
N
c
tan '
d
( )

1 :
-foundation form:
M
Ed.B
M
y1
T
afy1
H
c1
H
1
+
( )
+ 236.603kN m : M
Ed.L
M
x1
T
afx1
H
c1
H
1
+
( )
+ 249.358kN m :
e
B
M
Ed.B
V
d1
0.102m : e
L
M
Ed.L
V
d1
0.108m :
e
B
B
1
6
< 1 e
L
L
1
6
< 1
B'
1
B
1
2 e
B
1.996m : L'
1
L
1
2e
L
2.585m :
e
B
2
B
1
2
e
L
2
L
1
2
+
1
9
1
=>
A'
1
B'
1
L'
1
5.16m
2
:
===>>> s
q
1
B'
1
L'
1
sin '
d
( )
+ 1.129 :
s

1 0.3
B'
1
L'
1

,
0.768 :
s
c
s
q
N
q
1
N
q
1
1.222 :
-load inclination:
H
H
T
afx1
72.54kN :
m
B
2
B'
1
L'
1

,
+

1
1
]
1
B'
1
L'
1

,
+

1
1
]
1.564 : m
i
m
B
:
i
q
1
H
H
V
d1
A'
1
c'
d
tan '
d
( )
1
+

,
m
i
0.968 :
i

1
H
H
V
d1
A'
1
c'
d
tan '
d
( )
1
+

,
m
i
1 +
0.948 :
i
c
i
q
1 i
q

( )
N
c
tan '
d
( )

0.945 :

k.med

k

silty.k
+
2
18.1
kN
m
3
:
d.med

k.med

18.1
kN
m
3
:
q'
d.med
D
f1
45.25
kN
m
2
: -overload-
'
d

silty.k

18.2
kN
m
3
:
verification:
Rd
- design bearing capacity of foundation terrain
Pcr = Rd/A
' characteristic bearing capacity
of the foundation terrain
p
cr1
c'
d
N
c
b
c
s
c
i
c
q' N
q
b
q
s
q
i
q
+ 0.5 '
d
B'
1
N

+ 503.296
kN
m
2
:
V
d
vertical design request over the foundation terrain V
d1
A'
1
449.556
kN
m
2

V
d1
A'
1
p
cr1
1 Verified!!!!!
Recheck if:
tan

tan
.adm

which must be checked on both directions.

tg
adm
1.6 : tg
.L
H
1
L
1
L
c1

( )
2
1.714 : tg
.B
H
1
B
1
B
c1

( )
2
2.182 :
tg
L.B
( )
tg
adm
( )
> ok!!!!!!!!!!
e) The verification of the settelments:

k.med

k

silty.k
+
2
18.1
kN
m
3
:
p
ef1
V
d1
A'
1
449.556
kN
m
2
:
D
f1
2.5m

d.med

k.med

18.1
kN
m
3
:
p
net
p
ef1
D
f1

med
399.556kPa :
The ground is divided in elementary layers with
h<=0.4B
=>> z
max
0.4B
1
0.88m :
For layer 2
: the 3.50m-2.2m=1.3m depth is composed of elementary layers, as follows:
- 1 layer x 0.3m
- 2 layer x 0.5m
For layer 3
: the 6.5m depth is composed of elementary layers, as follows:

- 8 layers x 0.7m
- 2 layers x 0.45m
2

0
p
net
:

o
f
z
B
L
B
,

,
: -by interpolation
z
max
B
1
0.4
L
1
B
1
1.273

z

0
p
net
:
gz

med
z :
until

z
0.2
gz

0.8 :
s
354.690.5
kN
m
E
silty
208.640.5
kN
m
E
silty
+
129.820.5
kN
m
E
silty
+
74.1830.5
kN
m
E
silty
+
51.0010.5
kN
m
E
silty
+
39.4090.5
kN
m
E
clay
27.8180.5
kN
m
E
clay
+
18.3140.5
kN
m
E
clay
+
15.7640.5
kN
m
E
clay
+ +
...

,
3.017cm :
s
adm
5cm :
s s
adm
1 verified!!!!!!!!!!
6.Reinforcement
N
S1
2210.80kN :
M
x1
126.04kN m : T
afx1
72.54kN :
T
afy1
61.69kN :
M
y1
131.73kN m :
N
c1
N
S1
2210.8kN :
-on Y direction-
M
cx
M
x1
T
afx1
H
c1
+ 162.31kN m :
-pressures on contact surface between reinforced concrete block and simple concrete block-
p
c1
N
c1
L
c1
B
c1

6 M
cx

L
c1
2
B
c1

+ 1887.282
kN
m
2
:
p
c2
N
c1
L
c1
B
c1

6 M
cx

L
c1
2
B
c1

983.887
kN
m
2
:
a
p
c2
L
c1

p
c1
p
c2
+
( )
47.975cm : l
st.y
0.45m
l
L
c1
l
st.y

2
0.475m :
p
0
p
c1
L
c1
a
( )
l
L
c1

1
1
]
600.224
kN
m
2
:
M
x
B
c1
p
0
l
2
2

p
c1
p
0

( )
2
l
2

2
3
+

1
1
]
180.961kN m :
-on x direction-
M
cy
M
y1
T
afy1
H
c1
+ 162.575kN m :
-pressures on contact surface between reinforced concrete block and simple concrete block-
p
c1
N
c1
L
c1
B
c1

6 M
cy

L
c1
2
B
c1

+ 1888.019
kN
m
2
:
p
c2
N
c1
L
c1
B
c1

6 M
cy

L
c1
2
B
c1

983.149
kN
m
2
:
=> p
med
p
c1
p
c2
+
2
1.436 10
3

kN
m
2
:
b
B
c1
l
st.x

2
0.325m :
M
y
p
med
b
2
2
L
c1
106.144kN m :
C25/30 f
ck
25
N
mm
2
: S500 f
yk
500
N
mm
2
:
f
yd
f
yk
1.15
434.783
N
mm
2
:
c
nom
50mm : 10mm :
d H
c1
c
nom

2
0.445m :
k
1
M
x
B
c1
d
2
f
ck

0.033 :
z
1
d
2
1 1 3.53k
1
+
( )
0.432m :
B
c1
1.1m
=> 7
F
18 with effective area A
eff=17.78 cmp

F14/140
A
x
M
x
f
yd
z
1

9.645cm
2
:
100
7
14.286
k
2
M
y
L
c1
d
2
f
ck

0.015 :
z
2
d
2
1 1 3.53k
2
+
( )
0.439m :
L
c1
1.4m
=>
5
F
14
with effective area Aeff=7.70cmp

F14/260
A
y
M
y
f
yd
z
1

5.657cm
2
:
Anchorage length for column reinforcement:
14mm :

sd
f
yd
434.783
N
mm
2
: -efortul unitar in starea limita ultima-det in sect de unde se cons ancorarea
barei, care de regula se poate considera la valoarea fyd-
f
bd
2.25
N
mm
2
: -efortul unitar de aderenta pt clasa C25/30-tab.5.7-pg.124-KISS
l
b.rqd
0.25

sd
f
bd
0.676m :
l
b.min
max 0.6 l
b.rqd
10 , 100mm ,
( )
0.406m :

1
1 :
2

1
:
3

1
:
4
0.7 :
5

1
:
l
bd

1

2

3

4

5
l
b.rqd
0.473m :
l
bd
l
b.min
1
l
a
l
bd
250mm + 0.723m :
so
l
a
800mm :
Marginal column AX2 transv X AX1 long
Cross section efforts:
N
S2
1410.53kN :
M
x2
123.70kN m : T
afx2
71.49kN :
T
afy2
59.21kN :
M
y2
131.22kN m :
a)
Minimum foundation depth
:

Freezing depth
:
D
f.min
H
ing
10...20 ( )cm + : 10...20
H
ing
80cm :
D
f.min
1.0m :
Good foundation soil
:
D
f
H
TBF
10...20 ( )cm + : 10...20
H
TBF
0.5m :
D
f
H
TBF
0.2m + 0.7m :
b)
Used materials
:
Concrete
: -for simple concrete block:
X0 exposure class
concrete class is C12/15

-for the reinforced concrete block:
X0 exposure class
concrete class is C20/25
Steel
:
S500
c) Predemensioning
for the simple
concrete block:
p
conv
450 kPa
p
acc
0.8p
conv
360 kPa :
p
ef
V
d
B L
p
acc
:
V
d
N
Ed
G
fd
+ :
=> we approximate:
V
d
1.2N
Ed
:
-but we don't have the concrete block wheight
V
d.2
1.2 N
S2
1692.636kN :
L
B
: =>
L B :
1.3 :
-intre 1.2...1.4
-width of concrete block
B
2.init
V
d.2
p
conv

1.701m : B
2
2m :
-length of concrete block
L
2.init
B
2
2.6m : L
2
2.3m :
for the reinforced concrete block
-for one steped concrete block: Lc/L=0.5....0.65
B
c/B=0.5....0.65
-width of lining
L
c2
0.5L
2
1.15m : L
c2
1.2m :
-length of lining
B
c2
0.5B
2
1m : B
c2
1m
the height for the simple concrete block
1.2 0.75 0.45
H
2.init
tg
adm
L
2
L
c2

( )
2
0.88m : 0.45
2
0.225
H
2
0.9m :
H
2.init
tg
adm
B
2
B
c2

( )
2
0.8m :
-the check will be done on both directions:
tg
.L
H
2
L
2
L
c2

( )
2
1.636 : tg
.B
H
2
B
2
B
c2

( )
2
1.8 : tg
adm
1.6
tg
L.B
( )
tg
adm
( )
>
the height for the reinforced concrete block
-from technological conditions: H
c
300mm
H
c
L
c
0.25
tg
2
3

-if
tg 1
no need for shear verification
H
c2
0.25L
c2
0.3m :
H
c2
L
c2
0.25 1
H
c2
0.4m :
-the check will be done on both directions:
tg
.2
H
c2
L
c2
l
st.y

( )
2
1.067 : tg
.2
1
-no need to verify for shear action
tg
.2
1
-no need to verify for shear action
tg
.2
H
c2
B
c2
l
st.x

( )
2
1.455 :
-foundation depth:
D
f2
H
2
H
c2
+ 0.80m + 2.1m :
(pan' la primul gol)
d) The verification for the bearing capacity:
V
d
N
S2
G
f2
+ :

med
20
kN
m
3
: b
gf
0.3m : h
gf
0.7m :
b
25
kN
m
3
:
H
tot2
D
f2
2.1m :
G
f
B
2
L
2
H
tot2

med
193.2kN : G
gf
b
gf
h
gf
5 m
b
26.25kN :
V
d2
N
S2
G
f
+ G
gf
+ 1629.98kN :
We are in the case of
drained conditions
so we have to determine Pcr=Rd/A`, where Rd/A`=(Rd/A`)/
R,

R
=1
c'
d
c'
k.silty
'
c
40 kPa : '
d
atan
tan '
k.silty
( )

,
9.651deg : e 2.718 :
-bearing capacity:
N
q
e
tan '
d
( )

tan 45deg
'
d
2
+

,
2
2.393 :
N
c
N
q
1
( )
1
tan '
d
( )
8.193 :
N

2 N
q
1
( )
tan '
d
( )
0.474 :
-inclination of the foundation base:

i
0 :
b
q
1
i
tan '
d
( )

( )
2
1 :
b

b
q
1 :
b
c
b
q
1 b
q

( )
N
c
tan '
d
( )

1 :
-foundation form:
M
Ed.B
M
y2
T
afy2
H
c2
H
2
+
( )
+ 208.193kN m : M
Ed.L
M
x2
T
afx2
H
c2
H
2
+
( )
+ 216.637kN m :
e
B
M
Ed.B
V
d2
0.128m : e
L
M
Ed.L
V
d2
0.133m :
e
B
B
2
6
< 1 e
L
L
2
6
< 1
B'
2
B
2
2 e
B
1.745m : L'
2
L
2
2e
L
2.034m :
e
B
2
B
2
2
e
L
2
L
2
2
+
1
9
1
=>
A'
2
B'
2
L'
2
3.549m
2
:
===>>> s
q
1
B'
2
L'
2
sin '
d
( )
+ 1.144 :
s

1 0.3
B'
2
L'
2

,
0.743 :
s
c
s
q
N
q
1
N
q
1
1.247 :
-load inclination:
H
H
T
afx2
71.49kN :
m
B
2
B'
2
L'
2

,
+

1
1
]
1
B'
2
L'
2

,
+

1
1
]
1.538 : m
i
m
B
:
i
q
1
H
H
V
d2
A'
2
c'
d
tan '
d
( )
1
+

,
m
i
0.956 :
i

1
H
H
V
d2
A'
2
c'
d
tan '
d
( )
1
+

,
m
i
1 +
0.928 :
i
c
i
q
1 i
q

( )
N
c
tan '
d
( )

0.924 :

k.med

k

silty.k
+
2
18.1
kN
m
3
:
d.med

k.med

18.1
kN
m
3
:
q'
d.med
D
f2
38.01
kN
m
2
: -overload-
'
d

silty.k

18.2
kN
m
3
:
verification:
Rd
- design bearing capacity of foundation terrain
Pcr = Rd/A
' characteristic bearing capacity
of the foundation terrain
p
cr2
c'
d
N
c
b
c
s
c
i
c
q' N
q
b
q
s
q
i
q
+ 0.5 '
d
B'
2
N

+ 482.205
kN
m
2
:
V
d
vertical design request over the foundation terrain V
d2
A'
2
459.314
kN
m
2

V
d2
A'
2
p
cr2
1 Verified!!!!!
Recheck if:
tan

tan
.adm

which must be checked on both directions.

tg
adm
1.6 1.6 : tg
.L
H
2
L
2
L
c2

( )
2
1.636 : tg
.B
H
2
B
2
B
c2

( )
2
1.8 :
tg
L.B
( )
tg
adm
( )
> ok!!!!!!!!!!
e) The verification of the settelments:

k.med

k

silty.k
+
2
18.1
kN
m
3
:
p
ef2
V
d2
A'
2
459.314
kN
m
2
:
D
f2
2.1m

d.med

k.med

18.1
kN
m
3
:
p
net
p
ef2
D
f2

med
417.314kPa :
The ground is divided in elementary layers with
h<=0.4B
=>> z
max
0.4B
2
0.8m :
For layer 2
: the 3.50m-2.2m=1.3m depth is composed of elementary layers, as follows:
- 1 layer x 0.3m
- 2 layer x 0.5m
For layer 3
: the 6.5m depth is composed of elementary layers, as follows:

- 8 layers x 0.7m
- 2 layers x 0.45m
2

0
p
net
:

o
f
z
B
L
B
,

,
: -by interpolation
z
max
B
2
0.4
L
2
B
2
1.15

z

0
p
net
:
gz

med
z :
until

z
0.2
gz

0.8 :
s
354.690.5
kN
m
E
silty
208.640.5
kN
m
E
silty
+
129.820.5
kN
m
E
silty
+
74.1830.5
kN
m
E
silty
+
51.0010.5
kN
m
E
silty
+
39.4090.5
kN
m
E
clay
27.8180.5
kN
m
E
clay
+
18.3140.5
kN
m
E
clay
+
15.7640.5
kN
m
E
clay
+ +
...

,
3.017cm :
s
adm
5cm :
s s
adm
1
verified!!!!!!!!!!
6.Reinforcement
N
S2
2210.80kN :
M
x2
126.04kN m : T
afx2
72.54kN :
T
afy2
61.69kN :
M
y2
131.73kN m :
N
c2
N
S2
2210.8kN :
-on Y direction-
M
cx
M
x2
T
afx2
H
c2
+ 155.056kN m :
-pressures on contact surface between reinforced concrete block and simple concrete block-
p
c1
N
c2
L
c2
B
c2

6 M
cx

L
c2
2
B
c2

+ 2488.4
kN
m
2
:
p
c2
N
c2
L
c2
B
c2

6 M
cx

L
c2
2
B
c2

1196.267
kN
m
2
:
a
p
c2
L
c2

p
c2
p
c2
+
( )
60 cm : l
st.y
0.45m
l
L
c2
l
st.y

2
0.375m :
p
0
p
c1
L
c2
a
( )
l
L
c2

1
1
]
466.575
kN
m
2
:
M
x
B
c2
p
0
l
2
2

p
c1
p
0

( )
2
l
2

2
3
+

1
1
]
127.579kN m :
-on x direction-
M
cy
M
y2
T
afy2
H
c2
+ 156.406kN m :
-pressures on contact surface between reinforced concrete block and simple concrete block-
p
c1
N
c2
L
c2
B
c2

6 M
cy

L
c2
2
B
c2

+ 2494.025
kN
m
2
:
p
c2
N
c2
L
c2
B
c2

6 M
cy

L
c2
2
B
c2

1190.642
kN
m
2
:
=> p
med
p
c1
p
c2
+
2
1.842 10
3

kN
m
2
:
b
B
c2
l
st.x

2
0.275m :
M
y
p
med
b
2
2
L
c2
83.596kN m :
C25/30 f
ck
25
N
mm
2
: S500 f
yk
500
N
mm
2
:
f
yd
f
yk
2.15
232.558
N
mm
2
:
c
nom
50mm : 10mm :
d H
c2
c
nom

2
0.345m :
k
1
M
x
B
c1
d
2
f
ck

0.039 :
z
1
d
2
1 1 3.53k
1
+
( )
0.333m :
B
c2
1m
=> 7
F22
with effective area A
eff=26.60cmp

F22/130
A
x
M
x
f
yd
z
1

16.489cm
2
:
k
2
M
y
L
c2
d
2
f
ck

0.023 :
z
2
d
2
1 1 3.53k
2
+
( )
0.338m :
L
c2
1.2m
=>
6
F
16
with effective area Aeff=12.06cmp

F16/180
A
y
M
y
f
yd
z
1

10.805cm
2
:
Anchorage length for column reinforcement:
18mm :

sd
f
yd
232.558
N
mm
2
: -efortul unitar in starea limita ultima-det in sect de unde se cons ancorarea
barei, care de regula se poate considera la valoarea fyd-
f
bd
2.25
N
mm
2
: -efortul unitar de aderenta pt clasa C20/25-tab.5.7-pg.124-KISS
l
b.rqd
0.25

sd
f
bd
0.465m :
l
b.min
max 0.6 l
b.rqd
10 , 100mm ,
( )
0.279m :

1
1 :
2

1
:
3

1
:
4
0.7 :
5

1
:
l
bd

1

2

3

4

5
l
b.rqd
0.326m :
l
bd
l
b.min
1
l
a
l
bd
250mm + 0.576m : so l
a
600mm :