Welcome to ChE317:

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING ANALYSIS

Unique Number: 14310

Prof. Hal Alper

Course Overview and Introduction September 7, January 22, 2005 2009

What are material and energy balances?

M+E balances help account for what is occurring within a process

Examples: City of Austin gets its water from the various lakes which get refilled by rainfall. How is the level influenced by these processes? If we want to produce corn ethanol for a biofuel, how much corn and energy is needed to produce 100 M gallons per year?
CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.
January 22, 2009 Slide # 2

What are material and energy balances?

Examples: A patient is on dialysis treatment, given a certain dialysis rate and blood composition, how much urea is cleared from the blood? Steam is used to heat the hot water in pipes going to the sink. Whats the temperature of the water and what happens to the steam? Natural gas is burned in a furnace, what is the outlet temperature? How much gas is needed to melt a given amount of ice?
Material and Energy balances allow us to account for changes within a system
CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.
January 22, 2009 Slide # 3

Course Overview
Personnel
Professor: Dr. Hal Alper (CPE 5.408) Office Hours: Th 2:45 4:15 PM, F 1-2:30 PM or by appointment E-mail: halper@che.utexas.edu Teaching Assistant: Amanda Lanza (CPE 5.128) Office Hours: M 9:30 10:30 AM (CPE 3.448), 3 4:30 PM (CPE 4.446), or by appointment E-mail: lanza@che.utexas.edu Tutors: TBA Grader: Teresa Wang
CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.
January 22, 2009 Slide # 4

Course Overview
Lectures: T,Th 12:30 2 PM (CPE 2.218) Please be punctual. Attendance is strongly suggested as there will be unannounced quizzes (see quizzes section below). Most lectures (and some quizzes) will be based on reading assignments that you should complete prior to coming to class. Recitation: W 1 3 PM (CPE 2.218) Please be punctual. Attendance is not compulsory but is strongly encouraged as there will be unannounced quizzes (see quizzes section below). Your TA will be going over practice problems and answering questions at these sessions.

CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.

January 22, 2009 Slide # 5

Course Overview
Course Goals and Overview: Material and Energy Balances form the foundation for nearly all future chemical engineering courses and analysis. The process of account for mass and energy is akin to chemical accounting and in this course we will learn how to formulate the balances that govern systems in which mass and energy are exchanged. Included in this analysis are both reactive and non-reactive systems. An overview of physical behavior will be included to provide an introduction to energy balances. Overall, this course will provide an introduction to the principles and calculation techniques used in the field of Chemical Engineering as well as provide an exposure of the various areas and facets of current Chemical Engineering research. This course is designed to: Provide you with the fundamentals of material and energy balances as applied to chemical engineering to enable the analysis of a chemical process Develop efficient methods of and life-long skills for problem solving through exercise problems and thought experiments Offer practice in defining problems, collecting data, analyzing data Help you decide if you have chosen the right field
CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.
January 22, 2009 Slide # 6

Course Prereqs.
Course Prerequisites:
One year of freshman mathematics (algebra, solutions of simultaneous equations, quadratic equations, basic differentiation and integration, trigonometry and basic geometry [areas and volumes of simple shapes]) M408C, M408D Chemistry (stoichiometry, concept of mole, molecular weight, concentration, molarity, molality, etc.; enthalpy of reaction, ideal gas law, pressure, absolute temperature) Ch302, Ch204 Basic knowledge of statics and dynamics in physics (concepts of force, work, pressure, kinetic energy, potential energy) Phys303 or high school physics Spreadsheet calculations for solving systems of linear equations, function minimization, and plotting ChE210 Time management skills (Keep up with the work and come to class!)

CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.

January 22, 2009 Slide # 7

Course Overview
Course Textbook: D.M. Himmelblau and J.B. Riggs, Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering, 7th Edition. Prentice Hall, 2004. Course Website: A course website will be maintained on Blackboard (www.courses.utexas.edu). Please check it regularly! Lecture Notes Lecture notes and study guides will be posted to the website. These lecture notes are designed in a fill in the blank format to ease note-taking and allow for more time to think about the material rather than spending the lecture trying to frantically copying the material from scratch. Beyond the class notes, you will also need paper for solving example problems in class.
CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.
January 22, 2009 Slide # 8

Grading Overview
Grading: You may select one of two grading schemes [choice should be indicated in writing on the last day of class]:

Homework Best of 5 Quizzes Tests Final Exam

Scheme A 10 20 70 0

Scheme B 10 20 60 10

Note that grades will be curved as necessary and letter grades assigned based on natural breaks in the distribution.
CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.
January 22, 2009 Slide # 9

Grading Overview
ChE317 Fall 2008 70

Exam Grades (70 pts max)

Come to class, do the homework, keep up with the reading, and you are highly likely to pass ChE317

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Quizzes+HW (30 pts max)

CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.

January 22, 2009 Slide # 10

Course Overview
Homework: Homework will be generally be assigned at the end of the lecture period on Tuesdays; they are due at the beginning of the specified lecture period (usually a week from assigned date). Late homework will not be accepted. Your homework must be neatly presented in the standard chemical engineering format. Homework must be handed in individually, but you are encouraged to work in groups to discuss and solve the problems. Homework problems are graded with an emphasis on effort and setting up the problem, and only selected problems within each assignment will be graded. A homework formatting guide will be provided with the first assignment, please follow it for all homework. Reading Assignments: At the end of each lecture, you will also be given a reading assignment. Read the sections prior to the next lecture. Work the example problems and use the Key Ideas, Key Words, Self Assessment Test, Thought Problems, and Discussion Questions in your textbook as a guide to whether you have fully understood the material.
January 22, 2009 Slide # 11

CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.

Course Overview
Quizzes: There will be six unannounced quizzes of one or two questions held during the lecture period. These quizzes are based on materials covered in reading assignments, classroom discussions, and homework. A bonus of 5 points will be added to your final grade if you score perfect tens on all your quizzes. You have one week after the quiz is returned to you to request for re-grading. Re-grading requests should be submitted in writing at the end of the lecture period. Tests: Three exams are scheduled for 6:30-9:30 pm on February 25, April 8, and May 4. These exams will take place in CPE 2.218. In exchange for evening examinations, the class will not meet on on January 20, April 2 and one additional day to be announced. You have one week after the exam is returned to you to request for regrading. Re-grading requests should be submitted in writing at the end of that lecture period. Optional review sessions (outside of class time) will be held before each of the exams.
CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.
January 22, 2009 Slide # 12

Course Overview
Final Exam: The final exam (depends on grading scheme selected) is currently scheduled for Saturday, May 16, 9:0012:00 noon. The University of Austin provides upon request appropriate academic accommodations for qualified students with disabilities. For more information, contact the Office of the Dean of Students at 471-6259, 471-6441 TTY. Absence: No excuses for missed tests, exams, or quizzes will be accepted other than written certified medical excuses or written letters on university letterhead for UT-related school activities.

CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.

January 22, 2009 Slide # 13

Course Outcomes
Knowledge, Abilities, and Skills Students Should Gain From this Course:
Familiarity with chemical process equipment Exposure to systems analysis and concepts of unit operations Ability to convert between different sets of units, to use the appropriate gravitational conversion factor, and to distinguish between gauge and absolute pressures Ability to write and balance chemical reaction equations Ability to identify the excess and limiting reagents, and calculate the percent conversion and yield of reactions Ability to define steady state and distinguish between open and closed systems Ability to solve material balances for systems with or without a chemical reaction; ability to solve a number of interconnected units involving recycle, bypass, and purge Ability to define an ideal gas, and calculate based on the perfect gas equation Ability to apply Daltons and Amagats Laws for ideal gas mixtures Ability to define vapor pressure, saturation, equilibrium, triple point, dew point, partial saturation (humidity), etc.; ability to distinguish between wet and dry bulb temperatures

CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.

January 22, 2009 Slide # 14

Course Outcomes
Knowledge, Abilities, and Skills Students Should Gain From this Course:
Ability to define heat, work, energy, enthalpy, etc. Ability to estimate heat capacities and calculate enthalpy changes, with and without phase changes Ability to use steam tables Ability to solve energy balances for open and closed systems, with or without chemical reactions Ability to solve simple combined material and energy balances (with or without chemical reactions) Ability to distinguish and calculate adiabatic and non-adiabatic problems Ability to apply spreadsheet calculations to mass and energy balance problems Exposure to library and reference data sources Ability to work in groups

Impact on Subsequent Courses in Curriculum: Virtually every subsequent ChE course requires material and energy balance concepts. Additionally, properties of materials (gas laws, vapor pressures, etc.) are important in Ch322, ChE322, ChE354, ChE350, ChE 363, and ChE473K.
January 22, 2009 Slide # 15

CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.

Academic Integrity
Academic Integrity: The University has a strict policy on academic integrity. Any form of plagiarism or academic dishonesty will NOT be tolerated in ChE 317. If you have any questions, please consult the websites below: http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sjs/acint_student.php http://www.utexas.edu/courses/clubmed/plgrism_cit.html Failure to comply with the Universitys policy will result in a zero in the assignment and an F for CHE 317.

CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.

January 22, 2009 Slide # 16

Course content outline

Part 1: Introduction to Engineering Analysis Introduction to Chemical Engineering -Dimensions, Units and Conversions Chapter 1 Process Variables Chapter 2 Basis sets Chapter 3

CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.

January 22, 2009 Slide # 17

Course content outline

Part 2: Material Balances Basic Material balances Problem solving definition and strategies Material balances for single, unreactive units Material balances accounting for reactions Material balances for systems with reactions Multi-unit processes with reactions Material balances with Recycle, bypass and purge
CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.

Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12

January 22, 2009 Slide # 18

Course content outline

Part 3: Behavior of Gases, Vapors, Liquids, and Solids Temperature units and measurement Pressure measurement and manometer applications Ideal gasses and mixtures with applications to material balances Vapor pressure: Antoine, Cox Charts and steam tables Saturation, condensation and vaporization Partial saturation and humidity
CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.

Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 13 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18

January 22, 2009 Slide # 19

Course content outline

Part 4: Energy Balances Types of energy and related concepts (potential, internal, kinetic and enthalpy changes, use of steam tables) Basic non-reactive energy balances Enthalpy Changes Energy balances without reactions Combined mass and energy balances with reactions Applications and analysis of combined mass and energy balances
CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.

Chapter 21

Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26

January 22, 2009 Slide # 20

Few final notes.

During lectures, recitation sections, and exams, you will not need:
A laptop Your cell phone An iPod Students chatting in the back

CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.

January 22, 2009 Slide # 21

ChemE survival guide (adapted from L.S. Bullard)

http://www4.ncsu.edu/unity/lockers/users/f/felder/public/Papers/CHE_Survival_Guide(Bullard).pdf

Family Feud of what ChemE students say after they are done

Develop a strong work ethic work consistently over the semester. Dont try and play catch up at the last minute; it wont work! There is no such thing as a lazy and successful chemical engineer. Work in groups appreciate team learning; thats what the study groups are intended for. You will reap the benefits (big time!!) of helping each other learn the material. But dont rely on group work to carry you through you will be taking the tests individually! Get organized take good notes. You may, one day, need to refer back to notes taken in your rudimentary courses. Embrace ChE as a new communityget to know your fellow students, join student chapters of AIChE
CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.
January 22, 2009 Slide # 22

ChemE survival guide (adapted from L.S. Bullard)

Train your brain to think differently understand the topic. Memorization will not carry you though in Chemical Engineering!! Sorry, there are no more multiple choice exams until you take the GREs, that is Chemical Engineering is not Chemistry be quantitative, be rigorous. Follow Instructionsif it says use green engineering paper, use it! Ask for help help is always available; we dont know you need help until you ask! Keep your eye on the goal and stick it outChemE is tough, thats why youre here, work hard and study and ask questions!
CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.
January 22, 2009 Slide # 23

Introduction to Chemical Engineering

What is Chemical Engineering? What do Chemical Engineers do? Chemical engineers create processes based upon physical and chemical changes. These processes may yield marketable products, e.g., gasoline, microelectronics, antibiotics, or non-commercial products, like clean air and water.
CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.
January 22, 2009 Slide # 24

What is chemical engineering?

Chemical engineering started as a profession over 100 years ago at the interface of chemistry and mechanical engineering. The principal goal then was to commercialize chemical reactions developed on a chemists bench. 100th anniversary of American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) Compiled top achievements in major areas of: Energy generation Environmental protection Biomedicine Electronics Food production Materials
CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.
January 22, 2009 Slide # 25

Chemical engineering achievements

Energy generation
Traditional refining (including catalytic cracking) Synthetic fuels / biofuels Electricity from coal

Environmental protection
More efficient car engines Pollution control in industrial smoke stacks Wastewater treatment Recycling industrial waste
CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.
January 22, 2009 Slide # 26

Chemical engineering achievements

Biomedicine
Kidney dialysis Glucose monitors for Diabetes Tissue engineering and drug delivery

Electronics
Microchip materials processing (including process to mass produce silicon microchips) Ultrapure materials including wafer production Creation of clean rooms and fab rooms

CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.

January 22, 2009 Slide # 27

Chemical engineering achievements

Food production
Growing food (includes fertilizer and pesticide) Food packaging (plastic containers) Artificial sweeteners

Materials
Plastics Telecommunications Computer chips Biomaterials
CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.
January 22, 2009 Slide # 28

Chemical engineering statistics

UT is a top 10 Chemical Engineering school (youre highly competitive after you graduate) Chemical Engineers are extremely flexible and are well sought after in many industries Chemical engineers are highly paid

CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.

January 22, 2009 Slide # 29

So, is this just an introductory survey course?

NO!! Material and energy balances are essential for the rest your chemical engineering career

CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.

January 22, 2009 Slide # 30

Mass and Energy Balances

In order to write balances, we must be able to equate apples with apples and oranges with oranges
Dimensions/Conversions (Chap. 1) Process Variables (Chap. 2) Basis Sets (Chap. 3)

CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.

January 22, 2009 Slide # 31

Assignment

For next class on Tuesday, Jan. 27: Read Chapters 1 and 2 Print out Section 1 Lecture Notes for lecture on Tuesday

CHE 317, Lecture NotesCourse Intro.

January 22, 2009 Slide # 32