Table 1: Earthing Electrodes

Table 1: Earthing electrodes
TYPE OF SOIL
Alluvium and lighter

clays
Clays (excluding
alluvium)
Marls
Porous lime stone
Porous sand stone
Quartzites ,
crystalline lime stone
Clay slates and slatey
shales
Granite
Fossil slates, igneous
rock
Probable value
(in ohm.m)
CLIMATIC CONDITION (values normally

encountered) (In ohm.m)
Normal &
Low rain
high rain fall
fall less
Under ground
more than
than 250
waters (Saline)
500 mm a
mm
year
1 to 5
10
5 to 20
10 to 100
20
50
100
10 to 30
30 to 100
30 to 300
50 to 300
*
*
*
*
*
300
100 to 1000
1000
300 to 3000
1000
1000
upwards
*
2000
1000 upwards
30 to 100
Table 2: Specifications of plate electrodes as per Para 9.2 of IER 1956

S.NO MATERIAL USED
1
Cast iron
DIMENSION SPECIFIED
60cm*60cm*1.2cm (MIN)
GI or Steel
60cm*60cm*0.63 cm (MIN)
Copper
60cm*60cm* 0.315 cm (MIN)
Table 3: Rating of Commonly Used Overhead Conductors in Discoms

Nominal
With derating
Eqvt. Cu
Code
current
factor of 0.9 to Rating in Rating in
crossWord
rating
account for
MVA at
MVA at
section
(Amp) at
450C ambient
33kV
66kV
(Sq mm)
350C
temperature
Squirrel
13
112
100.8
5.8
11.5
Fox
23
157
141.3
8.1
16.2
Rabbit
30
205
184.5
10.5
21.1
Raccoon
48
260
234
13.4
26.7
*
*
Dog
65
320
Wolf
95
418
Panther
130
510
Goat
185
648
Zebra
260
780
Moose
325
895
Source:-Various Web sites on Internet
288
376.2
459
583.2
702
805.5
16.5
21.5
26.2
33.3
40.1
46.0
32.9
43.0
52.5
66.7
80.2
92.1
Table 4: Insulators Flash-over values

S.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Description
L.T. pins and shackles
II KV. insulators pin, post and
strain
22 KV. insulators pin, post and
strain
33 KV. pin insulators
3 KV. post and strain insulators
Wet
Dry
flash-over value
Flash-over value KV.
KV.
25
12
85
50
120
85
140
150
100
110
Table 5: Cross-arms for H.T. lines

Voltage of the
line
Vertical clearance
between top and
bottom conductors
cms.
11 KV
76.25
(2' 6")
22 KV
91.4
(3' 0")
33KV
121.9
(4' 0")
Size of V Cross-arm
920 mm (3') long with 75 x 40
mm (3" x I W') channel.
1070 mm (3'x 6") long with
75 x 40 mm (3"x I W') channel.
1370 mm (4' x 6") long with
100 x 50 mm (4" x 2") channel.
Table 6: Cross-arms for L. T. Lines

Size of cross-arm
Dead ends
Pin points
2 nos. 75 x 75 x 6 x 610mm
Three Phase: for Alu.
(3" x 3" x1/4" x 2")
65 x 65 x 6 x 1220 mm
conductors upto 3
angle iron single phase cross- (2.5 x 2.5' x .25 X 4')
of 7/3.4 mm. and
arms
3 phase 4 wire cross-arms.
1 of 7/2.79 mm.
arranged one below the other.
Type of L.T. lines
Single phase: for Alu.

75x 75x 6x 610mm
Conductors 7/2.44
(3" x 3" x 0.5" X 2') angle
mm.
iron single phase cross-arm.
65 x 65 x 6 x 1220 mm
(2.5 x 22.5 x 0.25 X 2')
single phase cross-arms.
Source for 2& 3:-TamilNadu Power Engineers Handbook
Table 8: Current Ratings for 1.1KV XLPE LT cables

Nominal
Area of
Conductor
mm2
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
400
500
630
Laid Direct in the

Ground
In Ducts
In Air
Copper
Aluminium
Copper
Aluminium
Copper
Aluminium
A
25
34
44
55
73
97
122
146
172
211
253
287
321
361
416
464
521
582
644
A
20
27
34
43
57
73
94
113
133
164
196
223
249
282
326
367
418
470
529
A
23
31
40
50
66
87
110
131
155
190
228
258
289
325
374
418
469
524
580
A
18
24
31
39
51
66
85
102
120
148
176
201
224
254
293
330
376
423
476
A
22
30
40
51
70
90
123
151
183
231
285
330
375
430
508
575
661
753
851
A
18
23
31
40
53
70
96
117
142
179
221
257
292
337
399
455
530
612
707
Table 9: Current Ratings for 11KV XLPE HT cables

Nominal
Area of
Conductor
mm2
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
Laid Direct in the

Ground
In Ducts
In Air
Copper
Aluminium
Copper
Aluminium
Copper
Aluminium
A
121
144
168
206
246
278
312
350
A
94
1I2
131
160
191
217
243
273
A
109
130
151
185
221
250
281
315
A
85
101
1I8
144
172
195
219
246
A
142
161
191
238
288
329
376
424
A
1I0
133
158
197
237
257
292
331
240
300
400
500
630
404
453
512
571
634
316
357
408
462
518
364
408
461
514
571
284
321
367
416
466
498
569
657
745
846
390
448
523
602
696
Table 10: Recommended Time fuse link ratings

System
Power
Current
Maximum sustained current in Time fuse link
nominal
transformer
Transformer ratio time
fuse
link
(150% rating
voltage
rating
transformer rating)
kV
kVA
A
A
40/5
2.0
3.0
200
50/5
1.6
3.0
40/5
3.0
7.5
300
50/5
2.4
5.0
40/5
3.1
7.5
315
50/5
2.5
5.0
40/5
4.9
12.5
11
500
50/5
3.9
10.0
80/5
3.7
10.0
750
100/5
3.0
7.5
80/5
3.9
10.0
800
100/5
3.2
7.5
80/5
4.9
12.5
1000
100/5
3.9
10.0
Table 11
Table 12

Table 1: Earthing Electrodes

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Table 1: Earthing Electrodes

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Table 1: Earthing electrodes

Alluvium and lighter

CLIMATIC CONDITION (values normally

Table 2: Specifications of plate electrodes as per Para 9.2 of IER 1956

60cm60cm 0.315 cm (MIN)

Table 3: Rating of Commonly Used Overhead Conductors in Discoms

Table 4: Insulators Flash-over values

Table 5: Cross-arms for H.T. lines

Table 6: Cross-arms for L. T. Lines

Single phase: for Alu.

Source for 2& 3:-TamilNadu Power Engineers Handbook

Table 8: Current Ratings for 1.1KV XLPE LT cables

Laid Direct in the

Table 9: Current Ratings for 11KV XLPE HT cables

Laid Direct in the

Table 10: Recommended Time fuse link ratings

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