E-COMMERCE

TOPIC: MONEY TRANSCATION SYSTEM

Submitted to: Mr. Amandeep Submitted by: Rajiv Rajan MCA 2nd sem Roll no:D3804B41 Course code: INT304

INDEX
Contents 1. What is requirements determination? 2. Activities in requirements determination. 3.Basic requirements. 4. Introduction 5. About money transcation 6. Advantages 7. Disadvantages 8 References page no. 2 4 6 18 1931 32 33 34

REQUIREMENT DETERMINATION

What is requirement determination? Requirement Determination involves studying the current business system to find out how it works and where improvements should be made. System studies result in an evaluation of how current methods are working and whether adjustments are necessary or possible. These studies consider both manual and computer methods, they are not merely computer studies. A requirement is a feature that must be included in a new system. It may include a way of capturing or processing data, producing information, controlling a business activity, or supporting management . the determination of requirements thus entails studying the existing system and collecting details about it to find out what these requirements are. Since systems analysts do not work as managers or employees in user departments, they do not have the same base of facts and details as the managers and users in those areas. Therefore, an early step in analysts' investigation is to understand the situation. Certain types of requirements are so fundamental as to be common in most all situations. There are also special kinds of requirements that arise, depending on whether the system is transaction- or decision-oriented and whether the system cuts across several departments.

Activities in Requirements determination It is helpful to view requirements determination through the three major activities of requirements anticipation, requirements investigation, and requirements specification. Requirements Anticipation Requirements anticipation, can be a mixed blessing. On the one hand, experience from previous studies can lead to investigation of areas that would otherwise go unnoticed by an inexperienced analyst. Having the background to know what to ask or which aspects to investigate can be a substantial benefits to the organization. On the other hand, if a bias is introduced or shortcuts are taken in conducting the investigation, requirements anticipation is a problem. We will point out guidelines for structuring an investigation around basic questions to avoid the undesirable consequences of requirements anticipation. Requirements Investigation

This activity is at the heart of systems analysis. Using a variety of tools and skills, analysts study the current system and document its features for further analysis. Requirements investigation relies on the fact-finding techniques and includes methods for documenting and describing system features.

Requirements Specifications The data produced during the fact finding investigation are analyzed to determine requirements specifications, the description requirements specification the description of features for a new system. This activity has three interrelated parts: Analysis of factual data The data collected during the fact finding study and included in data flow and decision analysis documentation are examined to determine how well the system is performing and whether it will meet the organization 's demands. Identification of essential requirements Features that must be included in a new system , ranging from operational details to performance criteria, are specified. Selection of requirements fulfillment strategies The methods that will be used to achieve the stated requirements are selected. These form the basis for systems design, which follows requirements specification. All three activities are important and must be performed correctly. Requirements specifications places a great deal of responsibility on the systems analyst, for the quality of the work performed at this point will show up in the characteristics of the new system .

Basic Requirements Analysts structure their investigation by seeking answers to these four major questions: What is the basic business process? What data are used or produced during that process? What are the limits imposed by time and the volume of work? What performance controls are used? Understand the Process Analysts must rise questions that, when answered, will provide a background of fundamental details about the system and describe it. Asking the following questions will help acquire the necessary understanding: What is the purpose of this business activity? What steps are performed? Where are they performed? Who performs them? How long does this make?

How often is it done? Who uses the resulting information? Identify data used and information produced Analysts next need to find out what data are used to perform each activity. Most business transaction also produce information that is used to managers when they evaluate employee, business, and systems performance and that may be useful in another context to both manager and analyst.

Determine process timing and volume The frequency of business activities varies greatly. Many times the easiest way to get this information is to identify the reason for the activity: what causes the activity to be performed? Analysts sometimes refer to the direct cause as the trigger function. Unless analysts know what triggers an activity , they may misunderstand the reason for the activity and give it more or less importance in the system than its merits. Identify controls In business situations that are well controlled either by management or process monitoring , determining whether an activity has been performed properly may be no problem. But during the analysis stage, the analysts must examine control methods : are there specific performance standards? etc.

Introduction about money transaction in e commerce

Money is an money transcation The agreement may be voluntary or coerced, conscious or unconscious, an may fluctuate with time or remain fixed within a community All kinds of communities--large and small; local, national, international, or virtual; cooperative or competitive--may create .such an agreement to use something as a medium of exchange. The money itself can be issued en masse by a central authority or created ad hoc by two consenting parties in a mutual credit system; it may store value or merely mark transactions; it may be backed or valued with something tangible or merely by the issuing

authority; and it may take any shape--coins and bills, some chalk marks on a blackboard, or bits of data inside a compute

A transaction system comprising a card having a card balance recorded therein, at least one terminal transaction processor operable on the basis of on-line and off-line computer schemes, and a center operatively associated with the terminal transaction processor and having a file for recording thereon data corresponding to the card balance recorded on the card. Not only when the terminal processor is operating on the basis of the on-line computer scheme, but also when the terminal processor is operating on the basis of the off-line computer scheme, withdrawal or deposit of money can be effected within the framework of a maximum purchase amount. Each time such transaction has been made, the ca In a transaction system which comprises a card having a card .1 balance recorded therein, said card balance being set to a predetermined value when an on-line transaction is effected and also being subsequently updated each time an on-line transaction is effected, at least one terminal transaction processor operable on the basis of on-line and off-line computer scheme, said terminal transaction processor being adapted to be operated by an individual having said card, and a center connected with the terminal transaction processor through an on-line channel and having a file for recording thereon data corresponding to the card, said center being capable of recording on the card an ordinary deposit balance owned by the individual having the card, one or both of said card and said file having recorded therein a maximum purchase amount with which the individual having the card can transact during the

off-line transaction scheme, the improvement which comprises a card balance updating means for updating the card balance and the ordinary deposit balance during the on-line transaction scheme as a result of comparison, performed prior to the intended transaction, between the card balance and the maximum purchase amount, whereby cash can be dispensed to the individual during the off-line transaction scheme within the framework of the maximum purchase amount even after the operation by the individual during .the on-line transaction scheme involving no cash transaction A transaction system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising .2 human-manipulatable balance quoting key means for operating .said card balance updating means to perform said updating A transaction system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising .3 human-manipulatable purchase amount key means for operating .said card balance updating means to perform said updating A transaction system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising .4 human-manipulatable deposit amount key means for operating said .card balance updating means to perform said updating A transaction system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising .5 human-manipulatable card balance updating key means for operating said card balance updating means to perform said .updating A transaction system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said .6 transaction is a withdrawal of money or a deposit of money and wherein the card balance updated by the card balance updating .means can be again updated upon said transaction A transaction system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said card .7 balance updating means, when the maximum purchase amount is greater than the card balance, updates the card balance by

subtracting from the ordinary deposit balance an amount of money necessary to equalize the card balance to the maximum purchase .amount A transaction system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said file has .8 a record of the exclusive balance which is equal to the card balance .during the on-line transaction scheme A transaction system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising .9 comparator means for comparing, prior to the intended transaction, .said card balance and said maximum purchase amount :Description The present invention generally relates to a transaction system and, more particularly, to a credit card system wherein withdrawal and deposit of money can be made by the use of a credit card, it being to be understood that the term "credit card" hereinbefore and hereinafter employed is intended to include a cash card. Two types of transaction processors are currently used, which operate on the basis of the "on-line" and "off-line" computer schemes, respectively. In addition, there is also currently used a transaction processor of a type which normally operates on the basis of the "on-line" computer scheme, but can be switched over to operate on the basis of the "off-line" computer scheme during the early morning and the later evening. The present invention pertains to the transaction system wherein a single credit card associated with a single account can be used in transaction with any one of on-line and off-line computer facilities. According to a conventional transaction system of similar kind, the credit balance data stored in the credit card is updated only after a sale involving the on-line computer scheme has been completed.

Where the sale involving the on-line computer scheme is not successful, the credit balance data are not updated and, therefore, the deposited money cannot be withdrawn because of insufficient balance against the purchase amount when the customer subsequently attempts to withdraw the deposited money, thereby providing an inconvenience to the customer. Accordingly, the present invention has been developed with the view to substantially eliminating the above mentioned inconvenience and is intended to provide an improved transaction system wherein a single credit card associated with a single account can be used in transaction with any one of on-line and offline computer facilities. Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved transaction system wherein withdrawal of a purchase amount is possible, within the framework of a maximum purchase limit, from a transaction processor when the latter is operating on the basis of off-line scheme. A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved transaction system wherein the card balance can be updated even if deposit or withdrawal of money does not take place during the online operating scheme. A still further object of the present invention is to provide an improved transaction system wherein the card balance can be updated to render it to be equal to the maximum purchase amount. A still further object of the present invention is to provide an improved transaction system wherein there is provided means for updating the card balance to render the latter to be equal to the maximum purchase amount prior to the actual transaction taking place.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide an improved transaction system wherein the updating of the card balance is carried by operating a manual input key means associated with a balance quotation or card balance updating. For better understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in conjunction with a preferred embodiment thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a credit card data processing system according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic front elevational view of a cash dispensing machine; FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the cash dispensing machine; is a block diagram showing the details of the cash dispensing machine shown in FIG. 3;is a program chart showing process steps performed by the cash dispensing machine during off-line transaction; is a program chart showing process steps performed by the cash dispensing machine during on-line transaction, FIG. 6 being divided into FIGS. 6(a) and (b); is a program chart showing process steps performed by a center during on-line transaction; and is a program chart showing process steps performed by a money depositing machine during on-line transaction, Referring to the drawings, illustrates a block diagram of a credit card data processing system which comprises a center 1 including a central data processor 2 which constitutes a principal component of the center 1. The center 1 further includes a switching apparatus 3 and an auxiliary memory device 4 which may be constituted by a magnetic disc memory or a magnetic drum memory. Although not

shown, a line printer and a punched tape reader are to be understood as electrically connected to the switching apparatus 3. The central data processor 2 is operable to control any one of terminal devices, two of which are in through the switching apparatus 3 by way of a telecommunication control 6 according to the Pauling scheme, it being understood that the terminal devices 7 are located at respective branch offices of a bank separate from its headquarter office. The telecommunication control 6 is connected to any one of the terminal devices 7 through data transmission lines. Any one of the terminal devices 7 includes a terminal controller 8 and one or more transaction processors 9 such as a cash dispensing machine or a cash depositing machine. In the following description of the present invention, the credit card data processing system will be described as associated with the case wherein the transaction processor 9 is constituted by a cash dispensing machine. illustrates various arrangements on a front control panel of the cash dispensing machine 9. The front control panel of the cash dispensing machine 9 is shown to have a card inserting and ejecting slot 10, a handling procedure display 11, a check switch 12, a call switch 13 for, when actuated, calling a bank clerk, and a pair of parallel windows 14 through which a customer can confirm the number of bank notes of one kind and the number of bank notes of another kind, respectively, which are dispensed. The front control panel of the cash dispensing machine 9 further has a digital input display 15 where any one of the customer's secret code and the purchase amount can be displayed as inputted through a keyboard 17, an auxiliary keyboard 16 for designating the unit of money amounting to the purchase amount, a balance quotation key 18, a sale slip discharge slot 19 and a cash dispensing slot 20. The cash dispensing machine 9 referred to above comprises, as shown in FIG. 3, a control circuit 100, an arithmetic calculating

circuit 101 and a memory circuit 102, all of which constitute an ordinary micro-computer system, the details of which are best

. The machine 9 further comprises a card reader 103, a sale slip issuing section 104, a transaction data recording section 105, and a cash dispensing section 106. It is to be noted that other components of the cash dispensing machine 9 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 are designated by like reference numerals employed to refer to like components shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In FIG. 3, broken lines represent respective control lines while solid lines represent respective data lines and it will readily be seen that all of the components of the cash dispensing machine 9 function under the control of the control circuit 100. In FIG. 4, the control circuit 100 is shown to include a central processing unit CPU, a switching circuit 100a, a buffer circuit 100b, a counter 100c, an OR circuit 100d, a parallel-series converter 100e, a second switching circuit 100f, a telecommunication control 100g and a flip-flop 100f. On the other hand, the arithmetic calculating circuit 101 is shown to include a counter 101a, a comparator 101b and a subtractor 101c. The transaction system according to the present invention will now be described with particular reference to FIGS. 5 to 6. FIG. 5 shows a program chart performed by the cash dispensing machine 9 during an off-line transaction scheme. It is to be noted that the cash dispensing machine 9 shown in FIG. 3 is of a type capable of operating on the basis of both on-line and off-line schemes, it being understood that the machine 9 operates on the basis of the on-line scheme so long as a mode signal M is inputted to the control circuit 100.

Assuming that a customer inserts his credit card into the card inserting and ejecting slot 10, the card reader 103 reads the data stored in the credit card. This card data read out by the reader 103 are encoded by the arithmetic calculating circuit 101 under the control of the control circuit 100 and then stored in the memory circuit 102. In other words, the bank number, the account number, the verifying code number, the date of expiration of the availability of the credit card, the maximum purchase limit and the credit balance stored in the card are stored at respective addresses a 11 , a 12 . . . a 15 and a 16 of the memory circuit 102 as shown in FIG. 3. It is to be noted that, during the off-line transaction scheme, the maximum purchase limit may not be read out. Subsequent thereto, a card check is made to verify the acceptability of the inserted card to the cash dispensing machine 9 and the identification of the customer who has inserted the card into the cash dispensing machine 9. In other words, the bank number, the account number and the date of expiration of the availability of the credit card are checked. In any event, since the details of this card check are well known to those skilled in the art, they will not be described for the sake of brevity. Thereafter, the customer's code number inputted through the keyboard 17 and stored at the address a 17 of the memory circuit 102 is compared with the verifying code number stored at the address a 13 of the memory circuit 102 and, if an error occurs, that is, when the customer's code number is verified not to coincide with the verifying code number, this fact is displayed through the handling procedure display 11 while the credit card inserted is ejected and returned to the customer. However, when and after the customer's code number has been verified as coinciding with the verifying code number, a check is made as to whether or not the balance quotation key 18 is depressed. Where the balance quotation key 18 is depressed, the card balance stored at the address a 16 of the memory circuit 102 is displayed through the digital input display 15 and, thereafter, the

credit card inserted is returned to the customer to complete the transaction. On the other hand, where the balance quotation key 18 is not depressed, but the purchase amount is inputted by manipulating the keyboard 17, which is the case where the customer intends to withdraw money from his account, the purchase amount is temporarily stored at the address a 18 of the memory circuit 102 which is subsequently compared with the card balance stored at the address a 16 of the memory circuit 102. If the result is such that the purchase amount is higher than the card balance, the sale is terminated and the credit card inserted is returned to the customer. However, if the result is such that the purchase amount is equal to or lower than the card balance, the purchase amount is automatically subtracted from the card balance and a new balance is stored at the address a 16 of the memory circuit 102 and also at an appropriate location on the credit card. Simultaneously therewith, the transaction data are recorded in the transaction data recording section 105 and a sale slip imprinted with the recorded transaction data is issued through the sale slip issuing section 104 against the customer. A recording medium in the transaction data recording section 105 is constituted by, for example, a magnetic tape or a punched paper tape, and, therefore, the recorded transaction data may constitute input data to be inputted to the center 1 on the basis of a batch operation. Alternatively, where the cash dispensing machine is of a type capable of operating on the basis of both on-line and off-line schemes, such as employed in the illustrated embodiment of the present invention, the transaction data may be recorded in magnetic memory cores or a magnetic disc memory during an offline transaction and may subsequently be transmitted to the center 1 during an on-line transaction.

Subsequent to the sale slip issuance, the credit card inserted into the cash dispensing machine 9 is returned to the customer through the card inserting and ejecting slot 10 and, thereafter, the cash dispensing section 106 dispenses bank notes, amounting to the purchase amount stored at the address a 18 of the memory circuit 102, towards the parallel windows 15. After the customer looking at the parallel windows 15 has confirmed that the bank notes dispensed towards the windows 15 amount to the purchase amount and subsequently actuated the check switch 12, the bank notes can be discharged towards the outside of the dispensing machine 9 through the cash dispensing slot 20 together with the sale slip discharged through the sale slip discharge slot 19. Where the amount of the bank notes does not coincide with the purchase amount, what the customer should do is to press the call switch 13 to call the bank clerk. In addition, by manipulating the auxiliary keyboard 16, the bank notes can be dispensed in different units of money and different number of bank notes for each unit of money. Thereafter, the sale transaction based on the off-line scheme is terminated. The cash dispensing machine 9 operates in the following manner, and in the manner shown in FIG. 5, during an on-line transaction scheme, which will now be described with reference to FIG. 6. However, it is to be noted that even during the on-line transaction scheme, the cash dispensing machine 9 performs the process steps in a manner similar to that during the off-line transaction scheme up to the step of comparing the customer's code number with the verifying code number, i.e., up to the code verification step. Referring to FIG. 6, subsequent to the code verification step, the check is made as to whether or not the balance quotation key 18 is depressed. Where the balance quotation key 18 is depressed by the customer, a balance quotation bit, which means a predetermined bit contained in the data being transmitted, is set to compile the data to be transmitted. On the contrary thereto, where the balance

quotation key 18 is not depressed, but the purchase amount is inputted by manipulating the keyboard 17, compiling of the data to be transmitted is started simultaneously with the input of the purchase amount by the manipulation of the keyboard 17. What constitute the data to be transmitted are the serial number of the cash dispensing machine being utilized, the bank number, the account number, the maximum purchase limit, the card balance and the balance quotation bit, which may be "1" where the balance inquiry is made and "0" where the withdrawal of money is intended, the purchase amount, STX and ETX. It is to be noted that the terms "maximum purchase limit" and "card balance" referred to above and hereinafter are to be understood as meaning as follows: Maximum purchase limit: This term is intended to mean the maximum amount of money a particular customer can withdraw from the cash dispensing machine during the off-line transaction scheme. This maximum amount may either be fixed for all customers or vary from customer to customer depending upon the balance a particular customer has in his bank account. Alternatively, it may be fixed upon request made by a particular customer in consideration of the total amount deposited in his ordinary deposit account while the remainder, i.e., the difference between the total amount deposited and the maximum purchase limit so fixed, is treated as an ordinary deposit balance. Card balance: This term is intended to mean the amount of the maximum purchase limit less the purchase amount. This card balance is fixed to a certain value during an on-line transaction scheme, and the purchase amount is subtracted from this card balance each time a sale is made during the on-line transaction scheme. After the cash dispensing machine 9 has compiled the above described data to be transmitted, the cash dispensing machine 9

starts transmitting such data to the center 1 immediately after the center 1 has been polled for such cash dispensing machine 9. It is to be noted that, in FIGS. 5 and 6, pentagonal blocks employed therein illustrate that the cash dispensing machine 9 is telecommunicated with the center 1 through the terminal controller 8. The center 1, after having received and checked the data transmitted thereto from the cash dispensing machine 9, encodes the transmitted data so that a data file associated with the particular account can be read from the auxiliary memory device 4 into a principle memory in the central data processor 2. At this time, checks are also made as to whether such account is present or absent and whether or not such account is valid. Where an error is indicated, an error code is prepared and transmitted back to the cash dispensing machine 9. The data file referred to above may include such data as the bank number, the account number, the ordinary deposit balance, information concerning a fixed deposit, the exclusive balance as hereinafter defined, and CIF information. In addition thereto, the data file may also contain the maximum purchase limit and the verifying code. The term "exclusive balance" referred to above is intended to mean the card balance managed on the side of the center 1. Ordinarily, the exclusive balance must be equal to the card balance, but since the data established during the off-line transaction scheme involve a delay due to the batch operation and since the exclusive balance, therefore, becomes higher than the card balance, the center 1 stores such an exclusive balance separately of the card balance. Comparison is then made between the maximum purchase limit and the card balance. Where the result of such comparison shows that the maximum purchase limit is equal to the card balance, which shows that the previous transaction has been based on an

on-line transaction scheme, the center 1 proceeds to the step #5. On the contrary thereto, where the maximum purchase limit is greater than the card balance, it may indicate that the previous transaction has been made on either the on-line transaction scheme or the off-line transaction scheme. In the embodiment of the present invention, the maximum amount of money the customer can withdraw is equal to the sum of the ordinary deposit balance and the card balance. In addition, although withdrawal from the card balance may be possible during the off-line transaction scheme, arrangement is made such that withdrawal can be made from the ordinary deposit balance and, only when the ordinary deposit balance is consumed, a subsequent withdrawal can be made from the card balance. This is advantageous in that the customer can make the best use of his bank deposit with the cash dispensing machine operating on the basis of either off-line or on-line transaction schemes within the framework of the deposit the customer can withdraw. Referring still to FIG. 6, since the purchase amount is withdrawn from the card balance during the off-line transaction scheme, it is quite natural that the maximum purchase amount is greater than the card balance. On the other hand, during the on-line transaction scheme, the purchase amount is subtracted from the card balance only when and after the ordinary deposit balance has become zero and, therefore, there is the possibility that the maximum purchase amount is smaller than the card balance. Naturally, that the maximum purchase amount is smaller than the card balance is an error. In such case, comparison is made as to the difference between the ordinary deposit balance and the card available amount. The card available amount is defined as a balance between the maximum purchase limit and the card balance and is stored at a

predetermined address in the principle memory section of the central data processor 2. Where the ordinary deposit balance is equal to or greater than the card available amount, the card available amount is subtracted from the ordinary deposit balance and the ordinary deposit balance stored in the file is updated and, simultaneously therewith, the ordinary deposit balance in the file is updated with the card available amount added to the exclusive balance. However, this procedure is carried out for the purpose that, where the card available amount, which has been subtracted from the exclusive balance upon the batch operation during the off-line transaction scheme, the exclusive balance is updated to read an amount equal to the maximum purchase limit and, where the batch operation has not yet been carried out, the exclusive balance can be updated subsequently to read an amount equal to the maximum purchase limit. In this example, since the sum of purchase amounts which have been withdrawn within the framework of the maximum purchase limit is subtracted from the ordinary bank deposit, the card balance is updated to read an amount equal to the maximum purchase limit. Thereafter, the procedure is returned back to the step #5 shown in FIG. 6. On the contrary thereto, where the ordinary deposit balance is smaller than the card available amount, this means that the ordinary deposit balance cannot deal with the sum of the purchase amounts which have been withdrawn within the framework of the maximum purchase limit. In this case, an amount which has been withdrawn in excess of the ordinary deposit balance is deemed as a credit loan, namely, Credit Loan=Card Available AmountOrdinary Deposit Balance. Thereafter, the ordinary deposit stored in the file is zeroed and the exclusive balance is updated to read an amount equal to the difference between the sum of the exclusive balance plus the card

available amount and the credit loan. The card balance becomes equal to the difference between the maximum purchase limit and the credit loan. Then, the procedure proceeds to the step #5. Subsequently, the balance quotation bit contained in the transmitted data is checked. In the case of the balance quotation, the data is compiled in the form as transmitted and then sent back to the cash dispensing machine 9. However, since the card balance is updated even in this case, the customer can make the best use of his credit card at the time he is going to make a transaction in the future during the off-line transaction scheme. In other words, the possibility can be avoided that he cannot withdraw money because of the insufficient card balance. In the case where the balance quotation is not made, that is, in the case where money withdrawal is made, comparison is first made between the purchase amount and the ordinary deposit balance. If the ordinary deposit balance is sufficient, the purchase amount is automatically subtracted therefrom. However, if the purchase amount is equal to or smaller than the ordinary deposit balance, the purchase amount is subtracted from the ordinary deposit balance stored in the file and a new balance is updated in the file while appropriate data are transmitted to the cash dispensing machine 9 to dispense the purchase amount. On the contrary thereto, if the purchase amount is greater than the ordinary deposit balance, since the ordinary deposit balance cannot satisfy the customer's requirement, the purchase amount is compared with a total balance which is the sum of the ordinary deposit balance and the card balance. It is to be noted that the card balance referred to above is the one which has been updated. If the result of such comparison proves that the purchase amount is greater than the total balance, the customer's requirement cannot be accommodated and, therefore, withdrawal of the purchase amount cannot be made. In this case, an insolvency bit contained in the

data to be transmitted to the cash dispensing machine is set, said data being then transmitted to the cash dispensing machine. On the other hand, if the purchase amount is equal to or smaller than the total balance, an amount which cannot be subtracted from the ordinary deposit balance is subtracted from the card balance. Subtracted Balance=Purchase Amount-Ordinary Deposit Balance. The above subtracted balance is an amount from which the purchase amount cannot be withdrawn even if the ordinary deposit balance is zeroed and, therefore, must be subtracted from the updated card balance. In other words, the ordinary deposit balance stored in the file is zeroed, and the exclusive balance and the card balance are, after the subtracted balance has been subtracted from each of the exclusive balance and the card balance, compiled into the data which are then transmitted to the cash dispensing machine The cash dispensing machine 9, after having received the above described data and subsequently performed checking about the contents of the data (this checking step being not shown in encodes the received data. If the encoded data show that the balance quotation has been made, the card balance which has been updated at the center 1 is displayed through the digital input display 15 while the credit card is returned to the customer. On the other hand, if the encoded data show that cash dispensing is required, the insolvency bit as described above is examined and, in the event that the purchase amount cannot be dispensed, this fact is displayed through the handling procedure display 11 while the credit card is returned to the customer, thereby completing the transaction. However, if the purchase amount can be dispensed, issuance of the sale slip, return of the credit card and dispensing of bank notes are carried out. This is a similar procedure which takes place during the off-line transaction scheme. In the case of the online transaction scheme, no transaction data need be recorded, but

the transaction data remain recorded since a journal is printed simultaneously with the issuance of the sale slip. As hereinbefore described, the present invention is such that, since the card balance is updated when a balance quotation is made during an on-line transaction scheme or when no purchase amount can be withdrawn, there is no possibility that, when the customer intends to subsequently withdraw a purchase amount during an offline transaction scheme, the purchase amount cannot be dispensed because of the insufficient card balance. While the present invention has fully been described in connection with the transaction system utilizing the cash dispensing machine, the transaction can utilize the cash depositing machine which will now be described with reference to FIG. 8. It is to be noted that the process steps performed by the cash depositing machine are shown not only in FIG. 8, which is divided into FIGS. 8(a) to (c) for the purpose of drawing drafting, but also in FIG. 7. While most process steps are substantially identical with that shown in FIG. 6, four keys, which are respectively indicative of cash dispensing, cash depositing, balance quotation and balance updating, are necessary to render the cash depositing machine to operate in accordance with the program shown in FIG. 8. Because of the similarlity between the program shown in FIGS. 6(a) and (b) and that in FIGS. 8(a) and (b), only the program shown in FIG. 8(c) will now be described. Assuming that a certain amount of money (hereinafter referred to as deposit amount) is deposited into the cash depositing machine (not shown) with the cash deposit key depressed, the maximum purchase amount is compared with the card balance. If the former is equal to the latter, the ordinary deposit balance is recorded to read the sum of the ordinary balance and the deposit amount, the newly recorded ordinary deposit balance being compiled into the

data to be transmitted. On the other hand if the former is smaller than the latter, the deposit amount is compared with the difference between the maximum purchase amount and the card balance. If the deposit amount is equal to or greater than the difference between the maximum purchase amount and the card balance, the ordinary deposit balance becomes the sum of the previous ordinary deposit balance and the difference between the deposit amount and the difference between the maximum purchase amount and the card balance. Therefore, the exclusive balance becomes the sum of the previous exclusive balance and the card available amount and subsequently the card balance is rewritten to read the maximum purchase amount, which is in turn compiled into the data to be transmitted. On the other hand, if the former is smaller than the above described difference, the exclusive balance becomes the sum of the previous exclusive balance and the deposit amount and the card balance is rewritten to read the sum of the card balance and the deposit amount, which is in turn compiled into the data to be transmitted. In this way, where the cash depositing machine is employed for the transaction processor, it is necessary that the card balance and the ordinary deposit balance is again updated depending upon the amount of money deposited, that is, the deposit amount. While the present invention has fully been described, it is to be noted that various changes and modifications are apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications are to be understood as included within the true scope of the present invention unless they depart therefrom.

American Express: The world's favorite card. With more than 57 million cards in circulation and growing! Around US $123 billion was spent last year through American Express Cards and it is poised to be the world's No. 1 card in the near future. In a regressive US economy last year, the total amount spent on American Express cards rose by 4 percent. American Express cards are especially popular in the U.S., Canada, Europe and Asia and are used widely in the .retail and everyday spend categories Citibank E-Cards: Citibank has launched a new initiative Citibank eCard to promote safe and secure E-shopping. Like a regular Credit Card but without a physical plastic, it is India 's first web Credit Card. The Citibank eCard can be used for all types of Internet shopping and transactions through telephone and mail order. You can also do all transactions available on Internet Banking, including utility bills and ordering a demand .draft Diners Club International: The world's No. 1 Charge Card. Diners Club cardholders reside all over the world and the Diners Card is an old corporate favorite. There are more than 8 million Diners Club cardholders. Diners Club cardholders are generally affluent, and are frequent travelers in premier businesses and institutions, including Fortune 500 companies and leading

.global corporations JCB Cards: The JCB Card has a merchant network of 10.93 million spanning 189 countries. It is supported by more than 320 financial institutions worldwide and serves more than 48 million cardholders in 18 countries. The JCB philosophy of "identify the customer's needs and please the customer with Service from the Heart" is paying rich dividends as their customers spend US$43 .billion annually on their JCB cards VISA: The world's most preferred card. There are more than one billion cards in circulation, with unsurpassed acceptance in more than 150 countries. Visa-branded cards alone generate US$2.4 trillion in annual card .sales volume. Nearly half of this in US alone MasterCard: MasterCard International is a global payments company with one of the most recognized and respected brands in the world. With 32 million acceptance locations, no payment card is more widely accepted globally than MasterCard. Last year, MasterCard handled transactions worth US$285 billion. Important notice about MasterCard Sign up 1. An electronic money transaction system comprising: an electronic money storing medium which stores electronic money information;

a contact reading and writing means which electrically contacts the electronic money storing medium to write to and read from the electronic money storing medium; a processing unit which is connected to the contact reading and writing means and at least partially controls the electronic money storing medium; and, a non-contact communicating means which is connected to the processing unit, and which is able to communicate with a noncontact external electronic money storing medium through space without contact being necessary, wherein the processing unit controls, by using the non-contact communicating means and via space, the electronic money storing medium and the non-contact electronic money storing medium, such that at least a portion of electronic money stored in at least one of the electronic money storing medium and the non-contact electronic money storing medium is transferred to the other of the electronic money storing medium and the non-contact electronic money storing medium. The system according to claim 1, wherein the electronic money storing medium is an IC card.. The system according to claim 1, wherein the non-contact electronic mostoring medium is at least one of an IC card and a wireless telephone. 4. The system according to claim 1, comprising a second contact reading and writing means which electrically contacts a second electronic money storing medium to write to and read from the second electronic money storing medium. The system according to claim 1, wherein the electronic money storing medium stores ID information unique to the non-contact electronic money storing medium. 5 An electronic money transaction system comprising:

an electronic money storing medium which stores electronic money information; a contact reading and writing means which electrically contacts the electronic money storing medium to write to and read from the electronic money storing medium; a processing unit which is connected to the contact reading and writing means and at least partially controls the electronic money storing medium; and, a wireless communicating means which is connected to the processing unit and which communicates with outside entities by wireless communication,wherein the processing unit controls, by using the wireless communicating means and via electromagnetic waves, the electronic money storing medium and a wireless electronic money storing medium such that at least a portion of electronic money stored in at least one of the electronic money storing medium and the wireless electronic money storing medium is transferred to the other of the electronic money storing medium and the wireless electronic money storing medium. 6 The system according to claim 6, wherein the electronic money storing medium is an IC card. 7 The system according to claim 6, wherein the wireless electronic money storing medium is at least one of an IC card and a wireless telephone. 9. The system according to claim 6, comprising a second contact reading and writing means which electrically contacts a second electronic money storing medium to write to and read from the second electronic money storing medium. 10. The system according to claim 6, wherein the electronic money storing medium stores ID information unique to the wireless

electronic money storing medium. 11. The system according to claim 6, wherein the electronic money storing medium stores ID information unique to an external wireless telephone terminal. 12. A wireless telephone terminal comprising: an electronic money storing medium which stores electronic money information; a contact reading and writing means which electrically contacts the electronic money storing medium to write to and read from the electronic money storing medium; a processing unit which is connected to the contact reading and writing means and at least partially controls the electronic money storing medium; and, a wireless communicating means which is connected to the processing unit and which communicates with outside entities by wireless communication, wherein the processing unit controls, by using the wireless communicating means and via electromagnetic waves, the electronic money storing medium and a wireless electronic money storing medium at least a portion of electronic money stored in at least one of the electronic money storing medium and the wireless electronic money storing medium is transferred to the other of the electronic money storing medium and the wireless electronic money storing medium. 13. The terminal according to claim 12, wherein the electronic money storing medium is an IC card.

14. The system according to claim 12, wherein the wireless electronic money storing medium is at least one of an IC card and a wireless telephone. 15. The system according to claim 12, comprising a second contact reading and writing means which electrically contacts a second electronic money storing medium to write to and read from the second electronic money storing medium. 16. The terminal according to claim 12, wherein the electronic money storing medium stores ID information unique to the terminal or the wireless electronic money storing medium.

An ATM card is linked directly to your checking or savings account. It can only be used at an ATM machine or at a store or other business that displays the various symbols on the back of your ATM card such as STAR network. When you use it, the money is immediately taken from your account. A debit card works similarly, but carries a Visa or MasterCard logo and can be used anyplace that accepts those credit cards. However, debit cards are NOT credit cards. They are issued by your bank, and when used, the money is removed from your bank account immediately. A credit card is like a short term, incredibly high interest (usually 18 to 21%) loan. It has a pre-set spending limit (generally from $500 to $5000) and you cannot spend more than your spending limit. It is not attached to your bank account. When you use them, you incur a debt that must be repaid. Most people end up making monthly payments on their credit cards for years and years, and the interest accrues every single month, so even if you pay say, $150 on your debt, you may have accrued $90 worth of interest, so

you only paid off $60 worth of your balance. They're a losing proposition. ATM and debit cards are a way to pay for something with money you have in your bank account. Credit cards are a way to pay for something with a financial institution's money. You then pay the credit card company. If you don't pay off the whole amount, then you also have to pay interest. Probably the more important difference is that there are certain rights that are attached to each payment type. For example, you will have greater protections against a merchant who sells you a bad product (of service) if you pay by credit card. ATM card can only be used to your bank account to transact when you physically visit an ATM. You can use a debit card, to make payments for purchase of purchase products and services at the point of purchase. When you do thisk, the debit card again checks your bank account and if it has enough funds, allows the transaction to go through, depleting your account by the same amount. A credit card does not link to any of your bank accounts. You will have a credit limit and you can make purchases till the time you reach this limit. Once you have reached the imit, or once every month, you have to restore the limit by making payment to the credit card company for the amount due.

Online Legal Marketing Knowledge Base transcation

How to market a new online legal website? We've recently launched our new website, http://www.first4lawyers.com and i need ideas on how to promote it online. Would appreciate your advice on any websites, blogs, forums, etc to read. Alwould

be appreciated. Can U.S. residents sign up for affiliate marketing for online casinos? Is it legal? Is offline marketing, ads and flyers with promotions for online gambling websites legal in the united states? it is for partypoker.com a casino . i do affiliate, atleast im starting to. where are these "dream casinos" Lucid, a legal absinthe liquor, is to hit the market in June. Anybody know an online retailer?Absinthe has been banned in the USAfor a century, despite the original accusations that itwashallucinatory and caused insanity having been debunkLucid, from Viridian Spirits, is to be the first legal version, and hit the market in June 2007. I would like to buy some either in New Orleans or Houston, or buy it online if possible Anybody know where? For those of you who are under the misconception that I am seeking it for hallucinatory reasons...if that was the case, the suspected chemical is available in other products at much higher concentrations. I want it for one very simple reason...to recreate some very old recipes, and since nothing supposedly tastes identical to the original, then the original is necessary...at least once. check out absinthe in wikipedia, it was NOT an opium issue with this liquor, but rather the use of the wormwood. To make it legal, the levels of thujone had to be much lower than the original, but thujone is also present in many other legal for human consumption substances at levels higher than even the historical absinthe contained....as long as it is NOT derived from the .artemisia family why is online illegal, but playing the stock market is legal? isn't playing stocks gambling too? yea your answer not being related to the question shows your ignorance. online poker isn't all about random chance. there are more skilled players than others. this is for online only, not the physicality aspect of gambling. this isn't about outlawing the stock market. of course gambling is still legal outside of online. if you were to put money into something hoping to get a positive return, that is taking a risk and gambling, regardless if there is anything of value you get with your initial investment. you can't just stereotype,and say the total sum return

will never exceed the initial sum for all gamblers. And not all online gambling games are a game of chance, despite what the law .reads Researching people doing untrue or questionable marketing of video games online!? Recently I was victimized by a marketer of online video games in the Boston area.

Advantages of money transaction:

1. with the help of transaction system In ecommerce we can deposit as well as withdrawl the money online. transaction system provide the quiock response through online transaction to the user.
2.

3. transaction system of money also usefull for time saving or money saving.

REFERENCES

1. E-COMMERCE 2. Wikipedia

Kamlesh k bajaj