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Data acquisition
Data acquisition refers to acquiring, or collecting, data. This data is collected in the form of measured analog current or voltage values or the open or closed status of contact points. Acquired data can be used locally within the device collecting it, sent to another device in
a substation, or sent from the substation to one or several databases for use by operators, engineers, planners, and administration
Supervision
Computer conditions Operators computer device, on processes and personnel supervise, or monitor, the and statuof the power system using this acquired data. and engineers monitor the information remotely on displays and graphical wall displays or locally, at the front-panel displays and laptop computers.
Control
Control refers to sending command messages to a device to operate the I&C and power system devices. Traditional supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems rely on operators to supervise the system and initiate commands from an operator console on the master computer. Field personnel can also control devices using front-panel push buttons or a laptop computer.
In addition, another task is power system integration, which is the act of communicating data to, from, or among IEDs in the I&C system and remote users. Substation integration refers to combining data from the IEDs local to a substation so that there is a single point of contact in the substation for all of the I&C data.
1.Primary power lines 2.Ground wire 3.Overhead lines 4.Transformer for measurement of electric voltage 5.Disconnect switch 6.Circuit breaker 7.Current transformer 8.Lightning arrester
wave trap
1. Wave trap are used in power system for carrier communication. 2. It trap the higher frequency above 50Hz. 3. It is the effort to utilize the same transmission line between two substation for the purpose of communication
Isolator
An isolators switch are used to completely de-energized an electrical circuit. High-voltage isolation switches are used in electrical substations to allow isolation of apparatus such as circuit breakers and transformers, andtransmission lines, formaintenance.
INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS
The current transformer and voltage transformer are combinly called as instrument transformer.
Location The location of the voltage transformers will primary depend on the switchgear arrangement, the protection, the metering and the automatics connected. Normally, voltage transformers connected to the busbars and at the low voltage side of the transformers are satisfactory in a distribution Substation .Directional Protection on outgoing bays are then fed from the busbar VT:s.
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
Location The location of the current transformers will give the limitation of the protection zones. The most common approach is to locate the current transformer at the outside of the object circuit breaker, so that a Busbar differential protection will cover the circuit breaker. The location should generally be as close as possible to the circuit breaker as the breaker will open when a fault is detected. For lower voltages where busbar protection is not used, a location of the current transformer to between the breaker and the busbar could be advantageous but is usually impossible to do due to the mechanical construction. The secondary side of the current transformer is always short circuited.
Circuit breaker
A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused byoverload or short circuit.
Lightning arrester
The overvoltage protection is obtained by the use of lightning / surge arresters. Lightning Arresters or Surge Arresters are always connected in Shunt to the equipment to be protected. They provide a low impedance path for the surge current to the ground. Mostly in present days zinc oxide (ZnO) gapless arresters are in useT
Generators & Large Machines Busbar & Breaker Composite Objects High Voltage Switchgear s
A generic name for all protection and control devices with IEC61850. All products are named according the application .
RED 670 Multi-terminal Line differential protection IED REL 670 Line Distance protection IED RET 670 Transformer protection IED REC 670 Bay control IED REB 670 Busbar protection REG 670 Generator protection IED
IED REL670 REL 670 line distance protection IED(Intelligent electronic device) offer extensive protection application opportunities for overhead lines and cables,or combinations of overhead lines and cables. They feature full scheme distance protection with selective single-phase and three-phase tripping and autoreclosing with synchronizing and synchrocheck, power swing detection and a wide range of scheme communication logics. The IEDs with five zone distance protection for phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth faults enable you
to protect transmission and sub-transmission lines and cables in impedance or solidly earthed networks. The IEDs are also equipped with residual overcurrent protection
functions and a wide range of scheme communication logics that enable detection and fault clearance of high resistive earth faults.
Specifications
The REL 670 IED (Intelligent Electronic Device) is designed for protection, monitoring and control of overhead lines and cables. It provides an extensive functionality with configuration opportunities and expandable hardware to meet your specific requirements. This powerful IED provides distance protection for a complete double circuit, parallel operating line. REL 670 features full scheme distance protection with independent phase selection,power swing detection and a wide range of scheme communication logics. Furthermore, REL 670 allows you to protect
and control several objects, for instance line and a transformer with one single IED. The REL 670 IEDs are delivered pre-configured, type tested and set with default parameters for fast and efficient commissioning. These IEDs are equipped with complete functionality adapted for four different configuration alternatives: single pole breaker or multibreaker arrangement with single or three phase tripping. If needed, they can also be easily adapted to meet the specific requirements of your power system. Furthermore you can increase the functionality of your REL 670 IEDs with optional protection and control functions. The wide application flexibility makes these IEDs an excellent choice for both new and retrofit installations. REL 670 provides protection of power lines with high sensitivity and low requirement on remote end communication. Measurements and setting of all five zones with six setting groups are made completely independently, which ensures high reliability for all types of lines. The distance and earth-fault protection functions can communicate with remote end in any communication scheme. It offers full control and interlocking functionality required for control of apparatuses in a substation. The integrated HMI allows secure and quick local control for stand-alone applications and provides back-up control for substation automation systems. REL 670 features extensive functionality and expandable I/O, which enables applications with multiple algorithms, multiple objects, integrated and distributed architectures. Thus, REL 670 provides efficient substation automation solutions in terms of performance, redundancy and cost for any high voltage application. REL 670 provides solutions for your protection, control and monitoring. REL 670 provides improved availability through outstanding performance and efficient information management REL 670 enables significant savings in configuration, setting, erection, commissioning and maintenance cost ce requirements
Large size HMI Easy navigation with easy to understand push-buttons 15 LEDs freely programmable Flashing or permanent light Signal following Latched mode Single line diagram for control and supervision
Settings Disturbance information Self supervision Standard RJ45 connector to PC with toolbox (with indication communication).
1 Status indication LEDs 2 LCD 3 Indication LEDs 4 Label 5 Local/Remote LEDs 6 RJ45 port 7 Communication indication LED 8 Keypad
Yellow
Steady: Flashing: Disturbance recorder triggered IED in test mode
Red
Steady: Flashing:
** KEYPAD
The keypad is used to monitor and operate the IED. The keypad has the same look and feel in all IEDs in the IED 670 series. LCD screens and other details may differ but the way the keys function is identica
Thiskeycloses(energizes)abreakerordisconnector.
Thiskeyopensabreakerordisconnector.
Opensthemainmenu,andusedtomovetothedefaultscreen.
Thedownarrowkeyisusedtomovedowninthesingleline diagramandinmenutree.
features
Fully IEC 61850 compliant Protection, monitoring and control integrated in one IED Extensive self-supervision including analog channels Six independent parameter setting groups Large HMI for visualization of single line diagrams Ethernet interface for fast and easy communication with PC Signal matrix for easy configuration of binary and analog signals
User management and authority handling . Auto-reclosing function for single two-and/or three-phase reclosing. Powerful software pc tool for setting,distrubence evaluation and configuration. Full scheme phase-to-phase andphase-to-earth distance protection with up to five zones. Six independent groups of complete setting parameters with password protection.
Load enchroachment feature. Advanced phase selection. Complete software library for all applications. Low requirement of CT.
Monitoring
Disturbance recorder - 100 disturbances - 40 analog channels (30 physical and 10 derived) - 96 binary channels Event list for 1000 events Disturbance report Event and trip value recorders Fault locator Event counters Supervision of AC and mA input quantities Small and large HMI in local language LED indications with 6 red and 9 yellow LEDs
Metering
U, I, P, Q, S, f, and cos Differential voltage per zone AC input quantities with accuracy better than 0.5% Inputs for mA measuring Energy metering function for energy statistics Pulse counting support for energy metering
Available functions.
The functions which are available in IED REL 670 are listed below
1.Differential protection
High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87) (87 ANSI,PDIF functionality discription)
The high impedance differential protection can be used when the involved CT cores have same turn ratio and similar magnetizing characteristic. It utilizes an
external summation of the phases and neutral current and a series resistor and a voltage dependent resistor externally to the relay.
encroachment which increases the possibility to detect high resistive faults on heavily loaded linesThe distance protection zones can operate, independent of each other, in directional (forward or reverse) or non-directional mode. This makes them suitable, together with different communication schemes, for the protection of power lines and cables in complex network configurations, such as parallel lines, multi-terminal lines etc.
Power Swing detection is based on the measurement of the time for the transient impedance to pass between the outer and inner impedance characteristic Power Swing Detection function block. This signal will block impedance
SOTF is a basic protection function which enables instantaneous trip at closing of breaker. Non directional to cover zero voltage due to forgotten earthing switch.
Two versions of protection functions are available in SOTF. 1.A binary input (bc) which releases the SOTF overreaching zone at breaker closing command . 2.Internal measurement detects that no voltage and no current is available for a certain time(DLD). The instantaneous, non directional measurement is then activated internally.
5.Current protection
Instantaneous phase overcurrent protection (PIOC, 50)
The instantaneous three phase overcurrent function has a low transient overreach and short tripping time to allow use as a high set short-circuit protection function, with the reach limited to less than typical eighty percent of the power line at minimum source impedance.
The single input overcurrent function has a low transient overreach and short tripping times to allow use as a high set short circuit protection function, with the reach limited to less than typical eighty percent of the power line at minimum source impedance. The function can be configured to measure the residual current from the three phase current inputs or the current from a separate current input.
9.Frequency protection
Under frequency protection (PTUF, 81)
Under frequency occurs as a result of lack of generation in the network .The function can be used for load shedding systems, remedial action schemes, gas turbine start-up etc. The function is provided with an under voltage blocking. The operation may be based on single phase, phase-to-phase or positive
sequence voltage measurement. Up to two independent under frequency function instances are available.
Control
10.Synchrocheck and energizing check (RSYN, 25)
The synchro check function checks that the voltages on both sides of the circuit breaker are in synchronism, or with at least one side dead to ensure that closing can be done safely.The function includes a built-in voltage selection scheme for double bus and one- and a half or ring busbar arrangements. Manual closing as well as automatic reclosing can be checked by the function and can have different settings, e.g. the allowed frequency difference can be set to allow wider limits for the auto-reclose attempt than for the manual closing.
breaker to close first and the second will only close if the fault proved to be transient. Each auto reclosing function can be configured to co-operate with a synchro check function.
Indications (RDRE)
To get fast, condensed and reliable information about disturbances in the primary and/or in the secondary system it is important to know e.g. binary signals that have changed status during a disturbance. This information is used in the short perspective to get information via the LHMI in a straightforward way. There are three LEDs on the LHMI (green, yellow and red), which will display status information about the IED and the Disturbance Report function (trigged). The Indication list function shows all selected binary input signals connected to the Disturbance Report function that have changed status during a disturbance.
The accurate fault locator is an essential component to minimize the outages after a persistent fault and/or to pin-point a weak spot on the line. The built-in fault locator is an impedance measuring function giving the distance to the fault in percent, km or miles. The main advantage is the high accuracy achieved by compensating for load current and for the mutual zero sequence effect on double circuit lines. The compensation includes setting of the remote and local sources and calculation of the distribution of fault currents from each side. This distribution of fault current, together with recorded load (pre-fault) currents, is used to exactly calculate the fault position. The fault can be recalculated with new source data at the actual fault to further increase the accuracy. Specially on heavily loaded long lines (where the fault locator is most important) where the source voltage angles can be up to 35-40 degrees apart the accuracy can be still maintained with the advanced compensation included in fault locator.
efficiency, and productivity. The IEC 61850-3 standard for power and energy communication networks and systems guarantees reliable performance in the critical environments these applications are based,guaranteeing certain levels of EMI immunity and interference resistance. Advantech's UNO-4672 computing platform is an advanced and flexible device to simplify substation system configuration, due to its ability to integrate gateways, controllers and servers into one station computer. They are expandable, support LAN redundancy and teaming functionality, feature a robust design and meet the IEC 61850-3 and IEEE 1613 requirements for substation-grade equipment. The result is a reduction in hardware which in turn reduces the overall failure rate of the system. Advantech's Managed Ethernet Switch, EKI-4654R, provides a reliable Ethernet backbone to realize redundant ring capabilities. Aside from its wide input power range (AC/DC), EKI-4654R provides dual redundant power modules to fulfill the high reliability and dependability requirements of substation network configuration.
IEC 61850 is the international standard that defines the hardware and communication requirements for all products within substation automation. IEC 61850 is being applied increasingly within substation automation, T&D automation, and grid integration applications. This standard ensures interoperability for the myriad of devices which comprise power and energy, especially between all of the intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) from different manufacturers.IEC 61850-3 is the hardware standard of general requirements ensures environmental and EMI immunity of network devices used in substations. Another standard for electronic power substations is IEEE 1613, detailing environmental and higher standard testing requirements for communications networking devices. Based on the IEC 61850-3 and IEEE 1613 certifications, Advantechs power and energy products ensure reliable communication and interconnectivity between the intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), the network components and the control platform.
Benefits
* Fully interoperable system with IED 670 for protection and control Cost-efficient solution through full exploitation of IEDs functional capability including GOOSEbased functionality * High system availability with fully redundant operator workstations and independent gateways * Guaranteed system openness for future hardware and functional extensions through high-quality engineering .
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. .
Substation: Bay:
.
Device:
Malkaram ghanapur 1
ABB
Serial/model number:
10914020
.
Residual Voltage/Current Factors:
VLN / VN: 1.732
.
IN / I nom:
.
1.000
.
Limits:
V max: 165.0 V
.
I max:
.
2.500 A
.
Debounce/Deglitch Filters:
Debounce time: 3.000 ms
.
Deglitch time:
.
0.000 s
.
Overload Detection:
Suppression time: 50.00 ms
.
Line angle: CT starpoint:
.
79.06 Dir. line
. Tolerances:
Tol. T rel.: Tol. T abs. +:
5.000 % 20.00 ms
Tol. T abs. -:
20.00 ms
Tol. Z rel.:
5.000 %
Tol. Z abs.:
50.00 m
Groundingfacto:
Z0/Z1 mag.: Separate arc resistance: 1.000000 No Z0/Z1 angle: 0.000000
Zone Settings:
Label Z1 L-L Z1 L-N Z2 L-L Z2 L-N Z3 L-L Z3 L-N Z4 L-L Z4 L-N Z5 L-L Z5 L-N
VVVVV
Type Tripping Tripping Tripping Tripping Tripping Tripping Tripping Tripping Tripping Tripping
Fault loop Trip time L-L 35.00 ms L-E 35.00 ms L-L L-E L-L L-E L-L L-E L-L L-E 335.0 ms 335.0 ms 635.0 ms 635.0 ms 1.235 s 1.235 s 1.035 s 1.035 s
Tol.T rel 5.000 % 5.000 % 5.000 % 5.000 % 5.000 % 5.000 % 5.000 % 5.000 % 5.000 % 5.000 %
Tol.T abs+ Tol.T abs20.00 ms 20.00 ms 20.00 ms 20.00 ms 20.00 ms 20.00 ms 20.00 ms 20.00 ms 20.00 ms 20.00 ms 20.00 ms 20.00 ms 20.00 ms 20.00 ms 20.00 ms 20.00 ms 20.00 ms 20.00 ms 20.00 ms 20.00 ms
Tol.Z rel. 5.000 % 5.000 % 5.000 % 5.000 % 5.000 % 5.000 % 5.000 % 5.000 % 5.000 % 5.000 %
Tol.Z abs 50.00 m 50.00 m 50.00 m 50.00 m 50.00 m 50.00 m 50.00 m 50.00 m 50.00 m 50.00 m
Comment
Test Module
Name: Test Start: User Name: Company: OMICRON Advanced Distance 20-Oct-2010 16:10:56 SATYA APTRANSCO Version: Test End: Manager:
Test Settings
.
Test model:
Test model: Allow reduction of ITest/VTest: ZS mag.: kS mag.: constant test current No 0.000 1.000 ITest kS = kL: ZS angle: kS angle:
.
Fault Inception:
Mode: DC-offset: Random No
.
Times:
Prefault: Postfault: 1.000 s 500.0 ms Max. fault: Time reference:
.
Other:
Extended zones: Load current enabled: not active No Switch off at zero crossing: Load current::
.
Search Settings:
Search res. Rel.: 1.000 % Search res. abs.: 50.00 m