Desphilic PSR application notes on:

Persian tenses, verb tenses

Persian type: standard Persian (Parsi of the book) Document level: 1 (ZamAn hA ye PArsi)

Keywords: Persian grammar, persian tenses, persian verbs, persian conjugation, Persian Standard Romanization, Persian roman alphabet, Persian English alphabet, Penglish standard, fingilish standard, Persian pronouns, PSR, Persian conjugation, Desphilic PSR, Romanization, Farsi, Parsi, fargelisi, Persian separated pronouns, Persian connected pronouns, Persian subjective pronouns, Persian conjugative pronouns, Persian of the book, Persian auxiliary verbs

0- Definitions and clarifications:

0-1 Persian persons: There are six persons in Persian language listed in table 1:
Table 1- Persian persons

Number 1 2 3 4 5 6

Person First Second third First Second third

singular or plural Single Single Single Plural Plural Plural

Persian man to uo mA womA IwAn

English I you , (thou) he/she we you they

In Persian language, person is also implied in the verb and we have non-explicitly present persons inside verbs. 0-2 Persian conjugative pronouns (Persian connected subjective pronouns) There are six pronouns which connect to verbs and conjugate it according to a person and for each of six persons 1 to 6 are: am, iy, ad , im , id , and respectively. 0-3 Persian verb root (Persian verb seed) for each verb in Persian language, there exist 2 verb roots ( verb seeds). One of these seeds (roots) is the present verb root and the other is the past verb root. Verb root is extracted from a verb, by omitting conjugative pronoun.

1-Present tenses:
1-1 pure present: (mozAreu ue sAde yA wart iy) Formula: present verb root+ conjugative pronouns Example for this tense is listed in table 2.
Table 2- pure present form of sAxtan (to build)

infinitive: sAxtan Persian conjugated verb English meaning Present root: sAz ( pure present) First person singular sAzam I build Second person singular sAziy you build third person singular sAzad he/she builds First person plural sAzim we build second person plural sAzid you build third person plural sAzand they build Pure present form is used in questions and conditional (subjunctive) and imperative sentences Example: begO tA savAr Avaram zAboli ke bAwand bA dewne ye kAboli (Ferdowsi)

1-2 simple present: (mozAreu ue Exbari) Formula: mi + present verb root + conjugative pronouns
Table 3- simple present form of sAxtan (to build)

infinitive: sAxtan Persian conjugated verb English meaning Present root: sAz ( simple present) First person singular mi sAzam I build Second person singular mi sAziy you build third person singular mi sAzad he/she builds First person plural mi sAzim we build second person plural mi sAzid you build third person plural mi sAzand they build simple present form is used in simple present time sentences, like its English counterpart. man har rOz bA otobOs be dAnewgAh mi ravam. (I go to the University by bus everyday)

1-3 Imperative present: (mozAreu ue EltezAmi) Formula: be + present verb root + conjugative pronouns
Table 4- Imperative present form of sAxtan (to build)

infinitive: sAxtan Persian conjugated verb English meaning Present root: sAz ( Imperative present) First person singular be sAzam I build Second person singular be sAziy you build third person singular be sAzad he/she builds First person plural be sAzim we build second person plural be sAzid you build third person plural be sAzand they build simple present form is used in imperative and conditional sentences. Example: agar zOd be xAne be rasam wAm rA AmAde xAham kard. ( If I reach home early, I will prepare the dinner.) 1-4 present continuous: (mozAreu ue peyvaste) Formula: conjugated auxiliary dAwtan +mi+ present verb root + conjugative pronouns
Table 5- present continues form of sAxtan (to build)

infinitive: sAxtan Persian conjugated verb English meaning Present root: sAz ( present continous) First person singular dAram mi sAzam I am building Second person singular dAriy mi sAziy you are building third person singular dArad mi sAzad he/she is building First person plural dArim mi sAzim we are building second person plural dArid mi sAzid you are building third person plural dArand mi sAzand they are building present continuous form is used in the same way as its English counterpart. Example: man hamaknOn dAram mAwin mi rAnam. (I am driving a car just now.)

2- past tenses:
2-1 simple past : (mAzi ye sAde) Formula: past verb root+ conjugative pronouns Example for this tense is listed in table 6.
Table 6- simple past form of sAxtan (to build)

Persian conjugated verb English meaning ( simple past) sAxtam I built sAxtiy you built sAxt he/she built (ad is omitted in past tenses) First person plural sAxtim we built second person plural sAxtid you built third person plural sAxtand they built Simple past form is used in sentences in the same way as its English counterpart. Example: man dirOz be wOwtar raftam. I went to shushtar yesterday.

infinitive: sAxtan past root: sAxt First person singular Second person singular third person singular

2-2- past progressive: (mAzi ye EstemrAri) Formula: mi + past verb root+ conjugative pronouns Example for this tense is listed in table 7.
Table 7- past progressive form of sAxtan (to build)

Persian conjugated verb English meaning ( past progressive) mi sAxtam I used to build mi sAxtiy you used to build mi sAxt he/she used to build (ad is omitted in past tenses) First person plural mi sAxtim we used to build second person plural mi sAxtid you used to build third person plural mi sAxtand they used to build Past progressive form means something has been done in the past time during a period which end of that period is in the past time. It is also used when something has been done in the past time, several times in a row or in progressive steps. Example: man dar 12 sAlegi be kelAs ue musiqi mi raftam. I used to go to a music class when I was 12.

infinitive: sAxtan past root: sAxt First person singular Second person singular third person singular

2-3 present perfect: (mAzi ye naql iy) (present perfect is counted as one of past tenses in Persian grammar) Formula: past participle of verb (= past root+ e) + conjugated abbreviated auxiliary ast Example for this tense is listed in table 8.
Table 8- present perfect form of sAxtan (to build)

infinitive: sAxtan Persian conjugated verb English meaning past root: sAxt (present perfect) First person singular sAxte am I have built Second person singular sAxte iy you have built third person singular sAxte ast he/she has built First person plural sAxte im we have built second person plural sAxte id you have built third person plural sAxte and they have built Present perfect form is used in the same way as its English counterpart. Example: man wAm rA poxte am. (I have cooked the dinner) 2-4 past perfect: (mAzi ye bauid) Formula: past participle of verb (= past root+ e) + conjugated auxiliary bOd (bOd= bod = past tense of ast) Example for this tense is listed in table 9.
Table 9- past perfect form of sAxtan (to build)

infinitive: sAxtan Persian conjugated verb English meaning past root: sAxt ( past perfect) First person singular sAxte bOdam I had built Second person singular sAxte bOdiy you had built third person singular sAxte bOd he/she had built First person plural sAxte bOdim we had built second person plural sAxte bOdid you had built third person plural sAxte bOdand they had built Past perfect form is used in the same way as its English counterpart. Example: man wAm rA poxte bOdam. (I had cooked the dinner)

2-5 past conditional: (mAzi ye EltezAmi) Formula: past participle of verb (= past root+ e) + conjugated auxiliary bAw (bAw is the imperative form for ast) Example for this tense is listed in table 10.
Table 10- past conditional form of sAxtan (to build)

infinitive: sAxtan Persian conjugated verb English meaning past root: sAxt ( past conditional) First person singular sAxte bAwam (please, if, whether) I built Second person singular sAxte bAwiy (please, if, whether) you built third person singular sAxte bAw (please, if, whether) he/she built First person plural sAxte bAwim (please, if, whether) we built second person plural sAxte bAwid (please, if, whether) you built third person plural sAxte bAwand (please, if, whether) they built Past conditional form is used in conditional and imperative sentences. Example: agar dar xAne mAnde bAwad, cerAq hA rA xAmOw nistand. If he has stayed at home, then the lamps should not be off.

2-6 past continuous: (mAzi ye peyvaste) Formula: conjugated auxiliary dAwt + mi + past root + conjugating pronouns (dAwt is the past form of dAr) Example for this tense is listed in table 11.
Table 11- past continuous form of sAxtan (to build)

infinitive: sAxtan Persian conjugated verb English meaning past root: sAxt ( past conditional) First person singular dAwtam mi sAxtam I was building Second person singular dAwtiy mi sAxtiy you were building third person singular dAwt mi sAxt he/she was building First person plural dAwt im mi sAxtim we were building second person plural dAwtid mi sAxtid you were building third person plural dAwtand mi sAxtand they were building Past continuous form is used in the same manner as its English counterpart. If the sentence has a direct object, it may come after conjugated dAwt verb example: hengAmi ke man dAwtam mi raftam, uo rA didam. (I saw her when I was going). man sAuat ue 10 dAwtam wAm mi xordam. (I was eating dinner at 10 oclock)

3- Future tense:
3-1 simple present: (Ayande ye sAde) Formula: conjugated auxiliary xAh + past root Example for this tense is listed in table 12.
Table 12- simple future form of sAxtan (to build)

infinitive: sAxtan Persian conjugated verb past root: sAxt ( past conditional) First person singular xAham sAxt Second person singular xAhiy sAxt third person singular xAhad sAxt First person plural xAhim sAxt second person plural xAhid sAxt third person plural xAhand sAxt simple future can be used as equivalent of its English counterpart. example: man Adres rA be to xAham goft ( I will tell you the address)

English meaning I will build you will build he/she will build we will build you will build they will build

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